Physical Events and States

קוּם628 vb. arise, stand up, stand;—(NH in der. spec. and deriv.; Ph. Hiph. Pt. and מקם place; Arabic قَامَ (و) stand, rise, Ethiopic ቆመ: stand, stop; Sab. מקם, place, HomChrest. 127; Aramaic קוּם, ܩܳܡ = BH, so Old Aramaic Nab. קום; Palm. Aph. אקים erect statue; cf. prob. Assyrian Kumu (k = כ), place, dwelling, kum, kêmu, in place of, and perhaps kaiamânu, enduring, constant (v. כִּיּוּן); Thes cp. also Sam. ࠒࠏࠌ, live, cf. especially 𝔗 Pa.);— Qal460 Pf. 3 ms. קָם 1 S 17:48 +, וְקָאם consec. Ho 10:14 (Ges§ 72 p); 2 ms. קַמְתָּ 2 S 12:21, etc.; Impf. 3 ms. יָקוּם Ex 21:19, juss. יָקֻם Gn 27:31, (לָ֑ךְ) וְיָ֫קָם Jb 22:28 (Ges§ 109 h Dr§ 152(3)); וַיָּ֫קָם Gn 4:8 +, etc.; Imv. ms. קוּם Gn 13:17 +, fpl. קֹמְנָה Is 32:9, etc.; Inf. abs. קוֹם Je 44:29; cstr. קוּם Am 5:2 +, etc.; Pt. fs. קָמָה Mi 7:6; mpl. קָמִים 2 S 18:31 +, הַקּוֹמִים 2 K 16:17 (Ges§ 72 p), etc.;— 1. arise: מִתַּחְתָּיו Ex 10:23 (E). Specif.: a. after lying down (sleep, sickness, mourning, etc.), 1 S 3:6, 8; 2 S 12:21; Ex 21:19; Gn 19:33, 35; 31:17; Ru 3:14; Ec 12:4 + 50 times; from lying dead, וַיָּקָם עַל־רַגְלָיו 2 K 13:21, cf. Jb 14:12 Is 26:14, 19 ψ 88:11; after falling Am 5:2; 8:14; Je 8:4; 25:27 + 4 times (chiefly fig.); after being smitten, wounded, etc. ψ 18:39 ‖ 2 S 22:39, Is 27:9 (of Asherim, etc.), 43:17 + 4 times; from sitting, reclining, especially at meals Gn 25:34; 1 S 1:9; 20:34 (מֵעִם הַשֻּׁלְחָן; v 25 see קָדַם), Est 7:7 (+ אֶל in constr. praegn.), but also Ju 3:20 (מֵעַל), 2 S 2:14(×2), 15, Jon 3:6 (מִכִּסְאוֹ), + 11 times, + (arise = stand up, in respect), Gn 19:1 (+ לִקְרָאתָם), 31:35 (מִפָּנֶיךָ), Lv 19:32 (מִפְּנֵי), Is 49:7; Jb 29:8; + וַיִּשְׁתַּחוּ 2 K 2:19, cf. Gn 23:7; Ex 33:10; 1 S 20:41; 25:41;—(v. also e); from kneeling (מִן, + מִלִּפְנֵי loc.) 1 K 8:54, from obeisance 1 S 25:42; Est 8:4; from bending over (עַל) dead Gn 23:3 (P). b. out of (מִן) a condition, state, Ezr 9:5. c. of bear rising עַל pers., 1 S 17:35. d. arise (+ stand) Ex 33:8 ψ 20:9 (fig. of success, prosperity), Jb 24:22 (id.), +; of sheaf Gn 37:7; of waters Jos 3:16 (נֵד־אֶחָד). e. constr. praegn. arise (and stand) for a purpose Nu 11:32 (E); over, עַל pers., 2 S 12:17. f. arise as prelim. to formal speech Ju 20:8; Mi 6:1; Je 1:17; 1 Ch 28:2 (עַל־רַגְלָיו), Pr 31:28; Jb 30:28 + 5 times; to testify (against) Dt 19:15, 16 (both ב pers.), ψ 27:12; 35:11, cf. also וַיָּקָם בִּי Jb 16:8 (of כַּחַשׁ q.v.; Bu כַּעַשׂ); to vindicate Jb 19:25 (עַל־עָפָר); to read aloud Ne 9:3 (עַל־עָמְדָם); to bless people 2 Ch 30:27 (priests). g. to listen to God’s word Nu 23:18; Is 32:9; to praise God 2 Ch 20:19; Ne 9:4, 5. h. of noise, tumult Ho 10:14; of light Jb 25:3 (עַל pers.). 2. arise, in hostile sense (often with idea of suddenness); c. עַל pers. Dt 19:11 (out of ambush), 22:26; Ju 9:18; 20:5 ψ 27:3 (of war), Ob 1 (לַמִּלְחָמָה), + 11 times, + Jb 30:12 (according to Bu, reading עָלַי for עַל־יָמִין), + (of י׳) Am 7:9 (ב instr.), Is 14:22; 31:2; c. אֶל pers. Gn 4:8; 1 S 22:13; 24:8 (Gi v 7); c. ב pers. Mi 7:6 ψ 27:12 (false witness), Mi 7:6; c. עִם pers. ψ 94:16 (‖ יִתְיַצֵּב); v. especially pt. c. sf. = those rising up against me (thee, etc.) Ex 15:7; 32:25; Dt 33:11 + 8 times + ψ 109:28 (read קָמַי יֵבשׁוּ 𝔊 𝔙 Bae We Du, cf. Hup Dr); c. מִן from, out of Jos 8:7, 19 Ju 9:35, 43; 20:33; = revolt Nu 16:2 (לִפְנֵי pers.), 2 K 12:21; 2 Ch 13:6, cf. Hb 2:7. 3. arise, abs., = become powerful Pr 28:12, 28. 4. arise = come on the scene, appear, of leader, prophet, king Ju 5:7(×2); 10:1, 3 Dt 13:2; 34:10; Ex 1:8; 2 K 23:25; of years of famine Gn 41:30; c. אַחֲרֵי pers. Dt 29:21; Ju 2:10 1 K 3:12; c. תַּחַת, in place of, 1 K 8:20 = 2 Ch 6:10; Nu 32:14; c. עַל־מַמְלֶכֶת 2 Ch 21:4; c. מִן Nu 24:17 (sceptre out of Isr.); of calamity, Na 1:9; Pr 24:22; מִצָּהֳרַיִם יָקוּם הָ֑לֶד Jb 11:17 i.e. to shine upon thee. 5. arise for, i.e. to become, c. ל rei; בְּיוֹם קוּמִי לְעַד Zp 3:8 (read לְעֵד, for a witness, 𝔊 𝔖 We Now GASm cf. Da); הֶחָמָס קָם לְמַטֵּה־רֶשַׁע Ez 7:11 (but dub.; Co Berthol Krae קָמֵל). 6. a. arise for action, especially of י׳ arising [from his throne], + inf. Is 2:19, 21; for judgment ψ 76:10 (לַמִּשְׁפָּט), Jb 31:14; often Imv. Nu 10:35 Je 2:27 ψ 3:8 + 8 times ψψ + 2 Ch 6:41 (c. לְנוּחֶ֑ךָ), ψ 132:8 (c. לִמְנוּחָתֶ֑ךָ); Impf. Is 28:21 + 4 times; Imv. also of men, arise! up! i.e. act! Ju 4:14 Ezr 10:4, of idols Je 2:28; Impf. of the tongue (personified) Is 54:17 (אִתָּךְ לַמִּשְׁפָּט). b. arise (out of inaction), introducing some specific deed Gn 21:18; Ex 32:1; Ju 5:12; 8:20, 21; Je 49:14 (לַמִּלְחָמָה), Ob 1 (קוּמוּ וְנָקוּמָה עָלֶיהָ לַמִּלְחָמָה), + 37 times c. especially arise = start, make a move, to go somewhere, Gn 13:17; 19:14, 15; 1 S 9:3 Jon 1:3 (in flight), 3:3 + 110 times 7. stand: especially fig. a. = maintain oneself Jos 7:12, 13 (JE; לִפְנֵי pers.), Am 7:2, 5 Na 1:6 La 1:14 ψ 1:5; 24:3; Jb 41:18 (of sword), of courage (רוּח) Jos 2:11 (D; בְּאִישׁ, + לִפְנֵי pers.). b. = be established, confirmed, of kingdom 1 S 24:21 (בְּיָֽדְךָ; Gi v 20); of purchase Lv 27:19, c. ל pers. be assured to 25:30 Gn 23:17, 20 (all P). c. stand, endure 1 S 13:14 Jb 8:15 (‖ עָמַד), 15:29. d. = be fixed, of price, Lv 27:14, 17. e. = be valid, of vows, Nu 30:5(×2) + 6 times Nu 30 + v 10 (c. עַל pers.; all P). f. = be proven Dt 19:15. g. = be fulfilled Je 44:29 (impf. + inf. abs.; עַל pers.), Jb 22:28 (ל pers.); of י׳’s purpose Je 51:29 (עַל pers.), Is 14:24 Pr 19:21, cf. Je 44:28; Is 40:8; 46:10; of human plans, succeed Is 7:7; 8:10; 28:18; Pr 15:22. h. persist, עַל־נְדִיבוֹת יָקוּם Is 32:8 lit. on noble things doth he take his stand. i. יָקוּם עַל־שֵׁם אָחִיו Dt 25:6 he shall stand upon the name of his dead brother, represent him. j. of eyes, = be set, fixed, without vision 1 S 4:15 1 K 14:4 (עַיִן 1 i). †Pi. Pf. 3 ms. קִיַּם Est 9:31, 32; 3 pl. קִיְּמוּ v 27, 31; Impf. 1 s. וָאֲקַיֵּמָ֑ה ψ 119:106; Imv. ms. sf. קַיְּמֵנִי v 28; inf. cstr. לְקַיִּם Ez 13:6 +;—late (Aramaic): 1. fulfil, Ez 13:6 ψ 119:106. 2. a. confirm, ratify, Ru 4:7. b. confirm, establish, of י׳ ψ 119:28 (c. sf. acc.). c. impose, an obligation, עַל pers. Est 9:21, 31b, עַל reflex. v 27, 31 c; c. acc. rei v 29, 31 a. 32. †Pōʿl. raise up: Impf. 2 ms. תְּקוֹמֵם Is 58:12; 1 s. אֲקוֹמֵם 44:26; 3 mpl. יְקוֹמֵ֑מוּ 61:4 (all of rebuilding);—יְקוֹמֵם Mi 2:8, read תָּקוּמוּ We Now, or קָמִים GASm Buhl. †Hithpōʿl. raise oneself, = rise up: Pt. fs. מִתְקוֹמָמָה Jb 20:27 (לְ pers. against); ms. sf. -מְמִי 27:7 one rising up against me (‖ אֹיְבִי); pl. abs. -מְמִים ψ 17:7; sf. -מְמַי 59:2; v. also 139:21, reading וּבְמִתְקוֹמְמֶיךָ (for MT וּבִתְק׳; ‖ מְשַׂנְאֶיךָ); see also קוט. Hiph.146 Pf. 3 ms. הֵקִים Jos 4:9 +; 2 ms. וַהֲקֵמֹתָ֫ Ex 26:30; Dt 27:2; 1 s. הֲקִימֹתִי 1 S 15:13, הֲקִמֹתִי Gn 9:17 +, etc.; Impf. 3 ms. יָקִים Dt 18:15 +; juss. יָקֵם 1 S 1:23 +; וַיָּ֫קֶם Ju 2:16 +; 2 fpl. תָּקִ֫ימְנָה Je 44:25, etc.; Imv. ms. הָקֵם 2 S 7:25 +, etc.; Inf. abs. הָקֵים Je 44:25, הָקֵם Dt 22:4 Ju 7:19; cstr. הָקִים 2 S 3:10 +, etc.; Pt. מֵקִים Am 6:14 +, etc.;— †1. cause to arise, raise: a. the prostrate (acc. pers. vel rei) 2 S 12:17 (מִן־הָאָרֶץ), Dt 22:4 (הָקֵם תָּקִים עִמּוֹ) ψ 41:11 Ec 4:10(×2); fig. Am 5:2; 9:11(×2) Ho 6:2; Is 49:8; 1 S 2:8 = ψ 113:7 (‖ הֵרִים), Jb 4:4; Je 50:32. b. from throne (מִן) Is 14:9. c. lift up shield (צִנָּה) against (עַל) Ez 26:8. d. fig. raise (to dignity, power) Is 49:6. 2. †a. raise, set up, stones Jos 4:9 (JE; בְּתוֹךְ loc.), v 20 (JE; ב loc.), 24:26 (E; שָׁם, תַּחַת loc.), Dt 27:2; pillars 1 K 7:21(×3) ‖ 2 Ch 3:17 Ex 40:18 (P); מַצֵּבָה, פֶּסֶל Ju 18:30 (ל reflex.), Lv 26:1 Dt 16:22; throne, fig., 2 S 3:10, king Dt 28:36 (both c. עַל over). b. erect, build: Is 23:13 Ex 26:30; heap of stones over (עַל) Jos 7:26; 8:29; altar 2 S 24:18 (לי׳) ‖ 1 Ch 21:18 (id.), 1 K 16:32 (לבעל), 2 K 21:3 (id.) = 2 Ch 33:3 (לבעלים); curtains Je 10:20 (of Judah’s tent, in fig.); tabern., etc., Ex 40:2, 18, 33 + 4 times Nu; erect against (עַל) Is 29:3. †c. fig. of setting up law ψ 78:5 (עֵדוּת; ‖ שִׂים). †3. raise up = bring on the scene: c. acc., sons in place of (תַּחַת) fathers Jos 5:7, אַחֲרֵי 2 S 7:12 = 1 Ch 17:11, 1 K 15:4; raise up זֶרַע לִאָחִיךָ Gn 38:8 (J); judges Ju 2:16, 18 (לָהֶם), cf. 3:9, 15 (both ל pers.); king Je 30:9, צֶמַח צַדִּיק 23:5, prophet Je 29:15 Dt 18:15, 18, priest 1 S 2:35 (all ל pers.); shepherds, etc. Mi 5:5 (עַל against), Zc 11:16; לְהָקִים לְאָחִיו שֵׁם Dt 25:7; plant of name Ez 34:29 (ל pers.); evil (רָעָה) 2 S 12:11 (עַל against). †4. a. raise up = rouse, stir up (lion, in fig.) Gn 49:9 (poem) = Nu 24:9 (JE). b. instigate, c. acc. pers. + עַל against Am 6:14 1 S 22:8; + ל pers. 1 K 11:14, 23; c. acc. alone Hb 1:6. †5. raise up = constitute, הָקִיס־אֹתְךָ … לוֹ לְעָם Dt 29:12 cf. 28:9 Jb 16:12; וָאָקִים מִבְּנֵיכֶם לִנְבִיאִים Am 2:11; יָקֵם סְעָרָה לִדְמָמָה ψ 107:29 (cf. Qal 5). 6. cause to stand: †a. set, station, sentinels Ju 7:19 (הָקֵם הֵקִים), Je 51:12, cf. 6:17 (עַל pers.), 23:4 Ez 34:23; set feet on (עַל) rock ψ 40:3. †b. cause to hold one’s ground ψ 89:44 (בַּמִּלְחָמָה). †c. establish throne 2 Ch 7:18, כָּל־אַפְסֵי־אָ֑רֶץ Pr 30:4. †d. establish (make, ratify) covenant, of י׳, c. אֶת (prep.) pers. Gn 6:18; 9:9, 11; 17:19, 21; Ex 6:4 (all P); Ez 16:62; c. בֵּין … בֵּין Gn 9:17; 17:7 (both P); c. ל pers. Ez 16:60. †e. = make binding, a vow Nu 30:14, 15(×2). f. = carry out, give effect to (DrSm. 1, 23), oath, covenant, vow, word, plan, command, of man 1 S 15:11, 13 + 6 times; of י׳ Gn 26:3; Lv 26:9; 1 S 1:23; 1 K 6:12 Dt 8:18 Je 23:20 + 18 times †g. לְהָקִים שֵׁם־הַמֵּת עַל־נַחֲלָתוֹ Ru 4:5, 10 to cause the dead man’s name to stand upon his inheritance (cf. Qal 7 i). †Hoph. Pf. 3 ms. הֻ֫קַם עָ֑ל 2 S 23:1 be raised up (on הֻ֫קַּם van d. H., v. Dr); הוּקַם be set up Ex 40:17 (of tabern.); הוּקַם אֶת־דִּבְרֵי פ׳ Je 35:14 be held upright (Ges§ 121 a), i.e. observed, obeyed.

קוֹל (sometimes, c. pref. et suff., קֹל)506 n.m. Gn 39:14 sound, voice;—abs. קוֹל Gn 4:10 + (הַקֹּל 27:22; 45:16); cstr. קוֹל 3:8 + (וְקֹל Ex 19:16, לְקֹל 4:8(×2)); sf. קוֹלִי 1 S 26:17 +, קוֹלְךָ Ju 18:25 +, etc. (קֹלִי Gn 22:18, קֹלֶ֑ךָ Ex 3:18, etc.); pl. (usually of thunder) קֹלֹת Ex 9:23 + 4 times, קוֹלֹת 20:18 (Gi v 15), קֹלוֹת 1 S 2:17 + 5 times;— 1. sound: especially a. of human voice Jos 6:10; 2 K 7:10; in speech Gn 27:22(×2) 1 S 1:13; 24:17; 26:17(×2); recognized (הִכִּיר) v 17 Je 18:3; יְפֵה ק׳ Ez 33:32 pleasant of voice, cf. Ct 2:14(×2); 8:13; in singing Ex 32:18; 2 S 19:36; Is 52:8, calling Ju 9:7, shouting Ex 32:17; 1 S 4:6(×2) 1 K 1:40; Ezr 3:13; rejoicing Je 7:34(×4) = 16:9; 25:10; 33:11; praise ψ 66:8; 26:7; Jo 2:10; laughter Je 30:19; weeping Gn 21:16; Ju 2:4; 1 S 11:4; Ru 1:9, 14; Ezr 3:13; outcry Gn 39:15, 18; 1 S 4:14; Je 8:19, distress, lament Je 9:18; Ez 27:30; Zc 11:3 ψ 102:6, supplication ψ 28:2, 6; 31:23; 86:6; adv. ק׳ אֶחָד with one voice Ex 24:3; 2 Ch 5:13, ק׳ גָּדוֹל loud voice 2 S 15:23 + (cf. בְּק׳ ג׳ Gn 39:14; 1 S 28:12 +), ק׳ רָם †Dt 27:14; נָשָׂא ק׳ Gn 21:16 + (v. נָשָׂא 1 b (5)), הֵרִים ק׳ 39:15 + (v. רום Hiph.); on ק׳ as independ. nom., sq. subj. + vb. of calling ψ 3:5; 27:7; 142:2 v. Ges§ 144 m. b. of י׳ Gn 3:8; 10; Is 6:8; Ex 19:19; 1 K 19:13; Mi 6:9; Ez 10:5 (cf. also 2 b) +; adv. ק׳ גָּדוֹל Dt 5:19; Ez 9:1; ק׳ דְּמָמָה דַקָּה 1 K 19:12. c. of seraph Is 6:4. d. of angel Dn 8:16 (ק׳ אָדָם) i.e. in human speech, cf. Bev); ק׳ דְּבָרָיו 10:6, 9(×2). e. of animals: bleating of sheep 1 S 15:14; lowing of cattle v 14 Je 9:9, neighing of horses 8:16, roaring of lion Am 3:4 Je 2:15 +, hissing of serpent 46:22 (in sim.), singing of birds Na 2:8; Zp 2:14; ψ 104:12; Ct 2:12; Ec 12:4. f. exclamation, at beginning of cl., a sound of …! = hark! Gn 4:10; Is 13:4; 40:3; 52:8; Je 4:15; 10:22; 50:28; Ct 2:8; 5:2 (Ges§ 146 b). 2. sound: a. of instrument, especially ק׳ (הַ)שֹּׁפָר Ex 9:16; 20:18 (Gi v 15) Am 2:2; 1 K 1:41 +, חֲצֹצְרוֹת וגו׳ 2 Ch 5:13; כִּנּוֹר Ez 26:13; עוּגָב Jb 21:12; of פַּעֲמֹנִים on high priest’s robe Ex 28:35. b. thunder-clap or peal (cf. Dr 1 S 12:17), קוֹל י׳ (or קוֹלוֹ) Am 1:2 Is 30:30; 31 Je 10:13 = 51:16, Jo 2:11; 4:16 ψ 18:14 = 2 S 22:14, ψ 29:3–5, 7–9; 46:7 Jb 37:4 (cf. 1 S 7:10 ψ 77:18, 19; 104:7), so especially pl. abs. (v. supr.) †Ex 9:23, 28, 29, 33, 34; 19:16; 20:18 (Gi v 15), 1 S 7:10; 12:17, 18 Jb 28:26 = 38:25. c. קוֹל רַגְלֶיהָ 1 K 14:6 cf. 2 K 6:32, and (prob.) Gn 3:8; also ק׳ (הַ)צְּעָדָה 2 S 5:24 = 1 Ch 14:15; of runners 2 K 11:13; 2 Ch 23:12. d. stamping of hoofs Je 47:3; Ez 26:10 (+ chariots, etc.), cf. 1 K 1:41. e. of chariots Na 3:2; Jo 2:5; wheels Ez 3:13; whip Na 3:2. f. of sea, and great waters Hb 3:10; Ez 1:24; 43:2 ψ 93:3, 4, cf. Je 50:42 (in sim.); ק׳ צִנּוֹרֶיךָ ψ 42:8. g. earthquake Ez 37:7. h. a fall Je 49:21; Ez 26:15; 31:16. i. of a multitude 1 S 4:14; Is 13:4; Ez 23:42. j. din of war Ex 32:17; Je 50:22, 46; 51:55; La 2:7. k. of wings Ez 1:24; 3:13; 10:5. l. flame Jo 2:5; crackling of thorns Ec 7:6; rustling of leaves Lv 26:36. m. mill-stones Je 25:10; Ec 12:4. 3. of articulate speech, things said: a. (1) often of human advice, command, entreaty Gn 3:17; 4:23 Ex 3:18; 4:1, 9 Dt 1:45; 21:18(×2), 20 1 S 2:25; 8:7, 9 2 S 12:18; ק׳ דִּבְרֵיכֶם Dt 1:34; 5:25; even of written words 2 K 10:6; so also ק׳ הָאֹת Ex 4:8(×2) voice (teaching) of the sign. (2) of a report Gn 45:16; Ec 10:20. (3) of a proclamation Ex 36:6 (P); 2 Ch 24:9; 30:5; 36:22 = Ezr 1:1, Ezr 10:7; Ne 8:15. (4) ק׳ אָלָה Lv 5:1 utterance of adjuration. b. often (especially Dt Je) of words of י׳ Gn 22:18; 26:5 Ex 5:2; 15:26; 19:5 Dt 8:20; 9:23; 13:5, 19 +, Ju 2:2, 20; 6:10 1 S 12:14, 15; 15:1, 19, 20, 22 Je 3:13, 25; 7:23 +; of מַלְאַךְ י׳ Ex 23:21, 22.—קֹל Je 3:9 v. sub קָלַל" dir="rtl" >קלל.

† I. [כּוּן218] vb. prob. be firm, only in der. conj. (NH Aramaic כּוּן, in der. conj., כִּיוֵּן arrange, direct; ܟܰܘܶܢ put right, correct; Assyrian kânu, be firm, right DlHWB 321; Arabic كَانَ (med. و) exist, occur, be; so Ethiopic ኮነ Sab. כון DHM ZMG 1875, 599, Ph. כון be (often));— Niph. Pf. (on 3 ms. v. Pt. infr.), 2 fs. נָכ֫וֹנָה 1 K 2:46; 3 pl. נָכ֫וֹנוּ Pr 19:29; נָכֹ֫נוּ Ez 16:7; Impf. יִכּוֹן Pr 12:3 +; 3 fs. תִּכּוֹן Je 30:20 +; וַתִּכֹּן 1 K 2:12 2 Ch 8:16, etc.; Imv. חִכּוֹן Am 4:12; הִכֹּן Ez 38:7; pl. הכונוּ 2 Ch 35:4 Kt (Qr הָכִינ��ּ Hiph.); Pt. נָכוֹן Gn 41:32 + (in ψ 93:2 and perhaps elsewhere the Pf. would be poss.); cstr. נְכוֹן Pr 4:18; f. נְכוֹנָה ψ 5:10 + 2 times; pl. נְכֹנִים Ex 19:11 + 2 times; pass. or neut., and (less often) reflex.:— 1. be set up, established, fixed: a. lit., of house upon (עַל) pillars Ju 16:26, 29, so, in metaph., of temple-mt. Is 2:2 = Mi 4:1, עֲדָתוֹ Je 30:20; be firm, of breasts at puberty Ez 16:7; firmly established, of תֵּבֵל ψ 93:1 = 96:10 = 1 Ch 16:30; firm, i.e. a strong support, of י׳’s hand יָדִי תִּכּוֹן עִמּוֹ ψ 89:22 (‖ זְרוֹעִי תְאַמְּצֶנּוּ). b. fig., of throne 2 S 7:16 = 1 Ch 17:14, 1 K 2:45 ψ 89:38; 93:2 Pr 16:12; 25:5; 29:14; of king, royal family, kingdom 1 S 20:31 1 K 2:12, 46 2 S 7:26 = 1 Ch 17:24. c. of any persons, be established, stable, secure, enduring Jb 21:8 (c. לִפְנֵי) Pr 12:3, also v 19 (subj. שְׂפַת אֱמֶת), ψ 101:7 (c. לְנֶגֶד עֵינָ֑י), 102:29 (c. לְפָנֶיךָ), 140:12 (c. בָּאָרֶץ); of plans Pr 16:3; 20:18; נְכוֹן הַיּוֹם 4:18 the established, stable, (part) of the day, i.e. mid-day, when the sun seems motionless in mid-heaven.—2 S 6:6 v. נָכוֹן" dir="rtl" >נָכוֹן n.pr. infr. d. fixed, securely determined נ׳ הַדָּבָר מֵעִם הָאֱלֹהִים (‖ אֱמֶת) Gn 41:32 (E); so כְּשַׁחַר נָכוֹן מֹצָאוֹ Ho 6:3 MT, but read כְּשַׁחֲרֵנוּ כֵּן נִמְצָאֵהוּ Gie Beiträge 208 Wead loc.; substantiated, certain, of an allegation Dt 13:15 = 17:4; אֶל־נָכוֹן according to (what is) certain, = certainly, assuredly 1 S 23:23; 26:4 (v. Dr). 2. in moral sense, be directed aright, of ways Pr 4:26 ψ 119:5 (cf. Hiph. 3); be fixed aright, stedfast נָכוֹן לִבִּי ψ 57:8(×2); 108:2, so 112:7; לִבָּם לֹא נָכוֹן עִמּוֹ 78:37; רוּחַ נָכוֹן 51:12 (‖ לֵב טָהוֹר); לא נָכוֹן לעשׂות כן Ex 8:22 (J) is is not right, proper, etc.; pt. f. נְכוֹנָה as subst. = what is right, the right Jb 42:7, 8; = uprightness ψ 5:10. 3. prepare, be ready, pers. Am 4:12 (c. ל inf.); words Pr 22:18; הִכֹּן וְהָכֵן לְךָ Ez 38:7; 2 Ch 35:4 Kt (Qr Hiph.); pt. as adj. = prepared, ready, often c. הָיָה, of persons Ex 19:11, 15; 34:2 Jos 8:4 (all JE); of things, sq. ל pers. Jb 12:5 Ne 8:10, ל loc. Jb 18:12, ל nom. act. ψ 38:18; ב loc. Jb 15:23; 4. pass. be prepared, of judgments Pr 19:29 (ל pers.); of work be arranged, settled 2 Ch 8:16; fig. of prayer ψ 141:2 be arranged, set in order, as incense before thee (> present itself as incense); be arranged, ordered, of temple service 2 Ch 29:35; 35:10, 16. Hiph. Pf. הֵכִין Jos 4:4 +; sf. הֱכִינַנִי 1 K 2:24; הֱכִינוֹ 2 S 5:12 1 Ch 14:2; הֱכִינָהּ Jb 28:27; 2 ms. הֲכִינוֹתָ Jb 11:13 +; 3 pl. הֵכִינוּ 1 Ch 12:39 +; וְהֵכִינוּ consec. Ex 16:5; 1 pl. הֲכִינוֹנוּ 1 Ch 29:16; הֵכַנּוּ (Ges§ 72, R. 6) 2 Ch 29:19, etc. Impf. יָכִין Ju 12:6 +; וַיָּ֫כֶן 1 Ch 15:1 + 3 times etc.; Imv. הָכֵן Gn 43:16 +; pl. הָכִינוּ Jos 1:11 +; Inf. abs. הָכֵן Jos 3:17, so הָכִין 4:3 (read הָכֵרו, v. Di), Je 10:23 (v. Gie), Ez 7:14 (v. Sm Co and infr.; see on all Köni. 468); cstr. הָכִין Is 9:6 +; sf. הֲכִינוֹ Na 2:4 Pr 8:27; הֲכִינָתּ Je 33:2; Pt. מֵכִין Je 10:12 + 4 times;—(favourite word in Ch., in various applications) 1. establish, set up: a. king (or, one as king) 2 S 5:12 1 K 2:24 1 Ch 14:2, royal seed ψ 89:5, kingdom 1 S 13:13 2 S 7:12 = 1 Ch 17:11, 1 Ch 28:7 2 Ch 12:1; 17:5, throne ψ 103:19 1 Ch 22:10; the world תֵּבֵל Je 10:12 = 51:15; mts. ψ 65:7; heavens Pr 8:27; an altar upon (עַל) its base Ezr 3:3. b. God’s faithfulness ψ 89:3; heart of humble 10:17. c. = accomplish, do Je 33:2 (‖ עשׂה), = make Is 40:20 Jb 28:27. d. make firm, only inf. abs., as adv. = firmly הָכֵן Jos 3:17; הָכִין 4:3 (v. supr.) 2. a. fix, so as to be ready, make ready, prepare, a gift Gn 43:25 (J), place Ex 23:20 (JE), 2 Ch 3:1; c. לְ rei 1 Ch 15:1, 3, also (obj. om.) v 12 (vid. Be, and DaSynt. § 144), 2 Ch 1:4 (בַּהֵכִין), v. Ges§ 138 i); often prepare food, acc. + לְ pers. Jos 1:11 (D), ψ 78:20; לְ om. Pr 6:8; 30:25; obj. om. 1 Ch 12:39 2 Ch 35:14(×2), 15; both om. Gn 43:16 (J), 1 Ch 9:32; prepare a road Dt 19:3, a sacrifice Zp 1:7, ambuscades Je 51:12, one’s work Pr 24:27, materials for (לְ) temple 1 Ch 22:3, 14, also v 14b (no לְ), 29:2, 3; weapons (c. לְ pers.) 2 Ch 26:14 and (hostile purpose) ψ 7:14, cf. 57:7, Is 14:21 prepare slaughter-place for (לְ) his children; store-rooms 2 Ch 31:11a, also v 11b (obj. om.); gallows (c. לְ pers.) Est 6:4; 7:10; corn (produce of land) �� 65:10; land v 10, so (= restore) 68:11; persons (ל) 2 Ch 35:6; fig. of belly preparing deceit Jb 15:35; make preparation (for, לְ rei) 1 Ch 22:5, and v 5 (לְ om.); sq. לִבְנוֹת 1 Ch 28:2, c. acc. material + לִבְנוֹת 1 K 5:32 1 Ch 29:16; without לְ, make ready 1 S 23:22 Na 2:4; Ez 7:14 (read הָכִינוּ הָכֵן Co, for ה׳ הַכֹּל MT) = make full preparation! make thee ready! Je 46:14 (לְ dat. ethiopic), Ez 38:7 (id.), 2 Ch 35:4. b. provide for, provide, furnish Nu 23:1, 29; 29:7 Jos 4:4 (all JE), Jb 27:16, 17, food for (לְ) raven Jb 38:41, rain for (לְ) earth ψ 147:8; 1 Ch 29:19 2 Ch 2:6 ψ 74:16. 3. direct one’s face towards (אֶל־) Ez 4:3, 7; in moral and spiritual sense, direct one’s step (צַעֲדוֹ) = order aright, Je 10:23 (v. supr.), Pr 16:9, so (פְּעָמַי) ψ 119:133; הֵכִין דְּרָכָיו לִפְנֵי י׳ אֱלֹהָיו 2 Ch 27:6, also (sq. דרכיו only) Pr 21:29 Kt (Qr יָבִין); עַל הַהֵכִין הָאֱלֹהִים לָעָם 2 Ch 29:36 that which God had ordered aright for the people (on art. = pron. rel. v. Ges§ 138, 3, b); sq. לֵב Jb 11:13 ψ 78:8; + לְ, לֹא הֵכִין לִבּוֹ לִדְרוֹשׁ אֶת־י׳ 2 Ch 12:14, so 19:3; 30:19; + לִדְרוֹשׁ אֶת־תּוֹרַת י׳ Ezr 7:10; הכין לבב אֶל־י׳ 1 S 7:3 direct the heart towards י׳, 1 Ch 29:18 (י׳ subj.), so (c. לֵאלֹהִים) 2 Ch 20:33; hence (no obj. expr.) = give attention, sq. inf. Ju 12:6. 4. arrange, order 2 Ch 29:19 (of sacred vessels; + הִקְדַּשְׁנוּ), 35:20 (of temple). Hoph. Pf. הוּכַן Is 30:33, וְהוּכַן consec. Is 16:5 Zc 5:11; וְהֻכַן Na 2:6; Pt. מוּכָן Pr 21:31, pl. מוּכָנִים Ez 40:43;— 1. be established, of throne Is 16:5; be fastened, of hooks Ez 40:43. 2. be prepared for (לְ pers.) Is 30:33 and (לְ temp.) Pr 21:31; abs. Na 2:6; be ready Zc 5:11. Poʿlēl. Pf. 3 ms. כּוֹנֵן ψ 9:8 + 3 times, וְכוֹנֵן consec. Hb 2:12; sf. ��ּוֹנְנָהּ Is 45:18; 2 ms. כּוֹנֲנְתָּ ψ 99:4; 119:90, כּוֹנָ֑נְתָּה ψ 8:4, etc.; Impf. 3 ms. יְכוֹנֵן Is 62:7; sf. וַיְכֹנְנֶ֑ךָ Dt 32:6, יְכוֹנְנֶהָ ψ 24:2 +, sf. 1 pl. וַיְכֻנֶנּוּ Jb 31:15 (וַיְכוּנֶּנוּ van d. H.); 2 ms. תְּכוֹנֵן ψ 7:10; 21:13, etc.; Imv. כּוֹנֵן Jb 8:8 (but on text v. infra), כּוֹנְנָה ψ 90:17, sf. כּוֹנְנֵהוּ ψ 90:17;—orig. make firm;— 1. set up, establish: a. of men, found, a city Hb 2:12 (‖ בנה), ψ 107:36. b. of God, establish, king’s throne 2 S 7:13 = 1 Ch 17:12, his own throne ψ 9:8 (לְמִשְׁפָּט), sanctuary Ex 15:17 (song), a nation Dt 32:6 (poem; ‖ קנה, עשׂה), a city ψ 48:9; 87:5 Is 62:7, תֵּבֵל ψ 24:2 (c. עַל, ‖ יָסַד), אֶרֶץ 119:90, cf. Is 45:18, also ψ 68:10 (obj. om., read perhaps אֶרֶץ צִיָּה Bi Che), heavens Pr 3:19 (‖ יָסַד־אָ֑רֶץ), moon and stars ψ 8:4; fig., steps of men 40:3, work of men’s hands 90:17(×2), justice 99:4; establish, i.e. vindicate and make secure to righteous (צַדִּיק) 7:10. 2. constitute, make, a man (in womb) Jb 31:15 (‖ עשׂה), cf. ψ 119:73 (‖ id.); c. acc. + לְ rei + לְ pers. reflex. 2 S 7:24 thou hast made for thyself (לְךָ), thy people (אֶת־עַמְּךָ) Israel for thyself (לְךָ) into a people (לְעָם) for ever. 3. fix, so as to be ready, arrow upon (עַל) string ψ 11:2 so (חֵץ om.) ψ 21:13 (c. עַל־פְּנֵיהֶם), and poss. (חֵץ om.) Is 51:13 (Di Che al.; but dub., cf. Du; verse corrupt according to CheIntr. Is. 427), a bow ψ 7:13. 4. direct (sc. לֵב), sq. לְחֵקֶר Jb 8:8, i.e. give attention to (but no ‖ in Poʿl.; read perhaps בּוֹנֵן, cf. Dt 32:10 v. Ol Di). Poʿlal. Pf. be established: מי׳ מִצְעֲדֵי־גֶבֶר כּוֹנָ֑נוּ ψ 37:23 from י׳ are a man’s steps established; = be prepared כּוֹנָנ֑וּ Ez 28:13 but del. Co Da after A B 𝔖 al. Hithpoʿl. Impf.; be established, of house, 3 ms. יִתְכּוֹנָ֑ן Pr 24:3 (‖ יִבָּנֶה), of nation, 2 fs. תִּכּוֹנָ֑נִי (Ges§ 54. 2. b) Is 54:14; 3 fs. תִּכּוֹנֵן = be restored, of city Nu 21:27 (JE; ‖ תִּבָּנֶה); set oneself, take one’s stand 3 mpl. יִכּוֹנָ֑נוּ ψ 59:5.

אוֹר121 אוֹר121 f. Jb 36:32; Je 13:16; cf. Gn 1:3 light (Assyrian urru = ûru DlW)—abs. Gn 1:3 +; cstr. Ju 16:2 +; sf. אוֹרִי ψ 27:1, etc.; pl. אוֹרִים ψ 136:7;— 1. light as diffused in nature, light of day Gn 1:3, 4, 5 (P) Jb 3:9; 38:19 +. 2. morning light, dawn, אוֹר הַבֹּקֶר light of the morn. Ju 16:2 1 S 14:36; 25:34, 36 2 S 17:22 2 K 7:9 Mi 2:1; א׳ בֹּקֶר 2 S 23:4 (poem of David); עַד־הָא׳ Ju 19:26 (cf. עַד־הַבֹּקֶר v 25); לָאוֹר Jb 24:14; מִן־הָאוֹר עַד מַחֲצִית הַיּוֹם from dawn till mid-day, Ne 8:3 cf. Pr 4:18. 3. light of the heavenly luminaries; א׳ הַלְּבָנָה, ‖ א׳ הַחַמָּה moonlight & sunlight Is 30:26; כּוֹכְבֵי אוֹר stars of light ψ 148:3; מְאוֹרֵי אוֹר luminaries of light Ez 32:8; אוֹרִים = מְאוֹרִים ψ 136:7; so עֲלֵי־אוֹר in sunshine Is 18:4; the sun itself Jb 31:26. 4. daylight אוֹר רְשָׁעִים light of the wicked Jb 38:15 (their work-day being the night); יוֹם אוֹר a day of light Am 8:9 (= a clear, sunshiny day). 5. lightning Jb 36:32; 37:3, 11, 15 cf. Hb 3:11. 6. light of lamp Pr 13:9 Je 25:10; of crocodile’s hot breath Jb 41:10. 7. light of life א׳ חַיִּים Jb 33:30 ψ 56:14; cf. אוֹר²" dir="rtl" >אוֹר Jb 3:16, 20. 8. light of prosperity Jb 22:28; 30:26 ψ 97:11 La 3:2. 9. light of instruction נֵר מִצְוָה וְתוֹרָה אוֹר Pr 6:23 the commandment is a lamp and instruction a light; so the Messian. servant is אוֹר גּוֹיִם Is 42:6; 49:6; cf. א׳ עַמִּים Is 51:4; the advent of Mess. is shining of great light Is 9:1(×2). 10. light of face אוֹר פָּנִים = bright, cheerful face (of men) Jb 29:24; betokening king’s favour Pr 16:15 (cf. א׳ עֵינַיִם ψ 38:11); of God = his shining, enlightening, favouring face ψ 4:7; 44:4; 89:16. 11. Yahweh is א׳ יִשְׂרָאֵל Is 10:17, as source of enlightenment & prosperity; light & salvation ψ 27:1; light to guide Mi 7:8 cf. ψ 43:3; everlasting light of Zion, instead of sun & moon Is 60:19, 20; house of Jacob is to walk in his light Is 2:5.

שָׂרַף117 vb. burn (70 times + בָּאֵשׁ, 2 times + בְּמוֹ־אֵשׁ) (NH (rare) = BH; Assyrian šarâpu; Aramaic שְׂרַף (rare); ܣܪܰܦ is absorb, consume);— Qal Pf. 3 ms. שׂ׳ Jos 11:9 +, 3 fs. sf. שְׂרָפָ֫תַם Is 47:14, etc.; Impf. 3 ms. יִשְׂרֹף Nu 19:5 + 2 times, more often וַיִּשְׂרֹף Ex 32:20 +, 2 mpl. תִּשְׂרְפוּן Dt 7:5 + 2 times; Inf. abs. שָׂרוֹף 2 S 23:7; cstr. שְׂרֹף Je 36:25 +; sf. שָׂרְפוֹ Ju 9:52; Am 2:1; Pt. act. שֹׂרֵף Lv 16:28; Nu 19:8, pl. שֹׂרְפִים 2 K 17:31; pass. mpl. שְׂרֻפִים Nu 17:4; fs. שְׂרוּפָה 1 S 30:3, שְׂרֻפָה ψ 80:17, pl. שְׂרוּפוֹת Ne 3:34, cstr. שְׂרֻפוֹת Is 1:7;—burn (59 times + בָּאֵשׁ, 2 times + בְּמוֹ־אֵשׁ): 1. in making bricks, + לִשְׂרֵפָה Gn 11:3 (J; obj. om.). 2. a. c. acc. rei, usually to destroy, e.g. door Ju 9:52, house Ju 12:1; 1 K 16:18 (both c. עַל pers.), Je 39:8 + 11 times, cf. pt. pass. Ne 3:24, city Jos 6:24 1 S 30:1, 14 + 16 times, cf. pt. pass. 1 S 30:3; Is 1:7, chariots Jos 11:6, 9 2 K 23:11 ψ 46:10 (subj. י׳), idols, etc., Ex 32:20 (acc. om.), Dt 9:21 + 10 times, roll †Je 36:25, 27, 28, 29, 32, wood †Is 44:16, 19 (both + בְּמוֹ־אֵשׁ), cf. ψ 80:17 (fig.), Je 51:32, hair †Ez 5:4; bones, to lime (as outrage) †Am 2:1; upon altars (in desecration) †1 K 13:2; 2 K 23:16, 20 = 2 Ch 34:5; bodies, as funeral rite † 1 S 31:12 (rare custom, RSSem i. 353; 2nd ed. 372; but Klo Bu read יִשְׂפְּדוּ [= יִס׳]; cf. BenzArch. 163; Ency. Bib. Dead NowArch. i. 188); שׂ׳ as funeral rite also (obj. om., prob spices, cf. 2 Ch 16:14), †c. ל pers. mort. Je 34:5, + acc. cogn. שְׂרֵפָה 2 Ch 16:14 (cf. שְׂרֵפָה); in ceremonial of P (never of burning sacrif. on altar, הִקְטִיר, cf. הֶעֱלָה, but) chiefly (14 times) of consuming refuse, especially unused portions of victims, etc. (to prevent use), and infected objects, Ex 29:14, 34 +, sometimes מִחוּץ לַמַּחֲנֶה Lv 4:12 (+ עַל־עֵצִים), v 21(×2) + 4 times, etc., cf. Ez 43:21; also of burning red heifer (to produce ashes for purification) Nu 19:5(×2), 8. †b. burn, c. acc. pers., (1) as penalty Jos 7:25 (JE), Ju 14:15; 15:6 Lv 20:14, cf. Nu 17:4 (pt. pass.), so, אֵשׁ subj., Is 47:14, c. acc. cogn. שְׂרֵפָה Lv 10:6 (P); (2) as sacrifice, Je 7:31; 19:5; + ל dei Dt 12:31; 2 K 17:31. †Niph. Impf. 3 ms. יִשָּׂרֵף Jos 7:15 +, 3 fpl. תִּשָּׂרַפְנָה Pr 6:27, etc.;—be burned (11 times + בָּאֵשׁ): of city Je 38:17 + v 23 (read תִּשָּׂרֵף for תִּשְׂרֹף 𝔊 𝔖 𝔗 Hi Ew Gf Gie Du), idols, etc., Mi 1:7; 1 Ch 14:12; ritually (cf. Qal 2 a ad fin.) Lv 4:12; 6:23; 7:17, 19; 13:52; 19:6; of pers., as penalty Gn 38:24 (J), Jos 7:15 (JE), 2 S 23:7 (poet.), Lv 21:9 (H). †Pi. Pt. sf. מְסָֽרְפוֹ Am 6:10 his burner, usually one burning him, but prob. burning spices for him, v. Dr and cf. Qal supra. †Pu. Pf. 3 ms. שׂרָ֑ף, of goat Lv 10:16 it was burnt up (and gone).

[קָטַר115] vb.denom. Pi. Hiph. make sacrifices smoke, send them up in smoke (proposes produce קְטֹרֶת, v StaZAW vi (1886), 298 f.);— Pi.42 Pf. 3 mpl. קִטְּרוּ Je 19:13 +, קִטַּרְתֶּם Je 44:21, 23; Impf. 3 ms. יְקַטֵּר Hb 1:16 +; 3 mpl. יְקַטֵּר֑וּן Ho 11:2, etc.; Inf. abs. קַטֵּר 1 S 2:16 +; cstr. Je 11:13 +, Pt. pl. מְקַטְּרִים Is 65:3 +, etc.;—make sacrifices smoke, offer them by burning: to י׳, 1 S 2:16 (where prob. read יְקַטְּרוּן [and so v 15] Stal.c. 299): elsewhere to other gods or in illegal worship, Je 44:23; c. acc. קִטֵּר (but see this, infr.) Je 44:21 (here [and al. in some other passages] of incense), תּוֹדָה Am 4:5; place is usually c. ב, e.g. בַּבָּמוֹת 2 K 17:11; 23:5; עוֹד הָעָם מְזַבְּחִים וּמְקַטְּרִים בַּבָּמוֹת 1 K 22:44; 2 K 12:4; 14:4; 15:4, 35 (R), cf. 2 K 16:4 = 2 Ch 28:4 (cf. RSSem. i. 471; 2nd ed. 490); הַבּ׳ אֲשֶׁר קִטְּרוּ שָׁמָּה 2 K 23:8; c. עַל e.g. על הגבעות Ho 4:13, על גג(ו)ת Je 19:13; 32:29, על הלבנים Is 65:3, על ההרים v 7; c. לְ of deity, Ho 11:2; Je 1:16 + 14 times Je (+ 19:13; 32:29 supr.), Hb 1:16; 2 K 22:17; 23:5; 2 Ch 25:14; 28:25; 34:25 Qr (> Kt Hiph.), to the brazen serpent 2 K 18:4. Pu. Pt. מְקֻטֶּרֶת מֹר וגו׳ Ct 3:6 fumigated with myrrh, etc. (Aq. 𝔙 Schlottm מִקְטֹרֶת). Hiph.71 Pf. 3 ms. הִקְטִיר Lv 9:10 +; 2 ms. הִקְטַרְתָּ Ex 29:13, 18, 25, etc.; Impf. 3 ms. יַקְטִיר Lv 4:26; 16:25, וַיַּקְטֵר Ex 40:27 +, etc.: Imv. ms. הַקְטֵר 2 K 16:15; Inf. abs. הַקְטֵיר 1 K 9:25; cstr. לְהַקְטִיר Ex 30:20 +; Pt. מַקְטִיר Je 33:18 +, etc. 1. make sacrifices smoke, usually a. in worship of י׳: abs. 1 K 12:33; 13:1; 2 Ch 29:11; c. acc. חלב Lv 17:6; Nu 18:17; 1 S 2:15, 16, עלת 2 K 16:13, 15; 2 Ch 13:11, אִשֶּׁה Ex 30:20; Lv 2:11; Nu 18:17, מנחה Je 33:18; רֹאשׁ etc. Lv 8:20 אַזְכָּרָה Lv 2:16; חלבי השׁלמים Lv 6:5; קטרת 1 S 2:28; on 1 K 9:25 v. Klo Benz; place is על מזבח Lv 4:10 + 5 times, הַמִּזְבֵּ֫חָה Ex 29:13, 18, 25 + 23 times Lv, Nu 5:26 (all P); c. הַמִּזְבֵּחַ (acc.) Lv 6:8; בַּבָּמוֹת 1 K 3:3; בגיא בן הִנִּם 2 Ch 28:3. b. less often in worship of other gods. לאלהיהן (gods of Sol.’s wives) 1 K 11:8, לאלהיו (of Moab) Je 48:35, להם (Baalim) Ho 2:15;—2 Ch 34:25 read Qr Piʿel. 2. cause incense to smoke, offer incense abs. 2 Ch 2:5; 26:18(×2), 19; c. עַל of altar 2 Ch 26:16; Ex 30:7; 40:27; c. acc. יַקְטִירֶנָּה 30:7, 8, קטרת סמים 30:7; 40:27; 2 Ch 2:3, קטרת תמיד Ex 30:8, הק׳ קטרת Nu 17:5; 2 Ch 29:7. 3. make smoke upon (על) both altars (of burnt-offering and of incense) 1 Ch 6:34, cf. also 23:13. Hoph. be made to smoke as a sacrifice: Impf. 3 fs. תָּקְטָ֑ר Lv 6:15;Pt. מֻקְמָר Mal 1:11 (Ew Ke al.[Ges§ 121 b]; We Now read מ׳ לִשְׁמִי מִנְחָה; but v. מֻקְטָר).

בּוֹשׁ109 vb. be ashamed (Sab. בום; מהבאס = evil-doer DHMZMG 1883, 375, ‖ Aramaic בְּהַת, Syriac ܒܗܶܬ whence Arabic بَهُتَ was surprised)— Qal Pf. Je 48:39; בּשׁ Je 48:13; בּוֹשָׁה Je 15:9; בֹּשְׁתִּי Je 31:19 + 25 times; Impf. יֵבוֹשׁ Is 29:22 + 57 times; Inf. abs. בּוֹשׁ Je 6:15; 8:12; Imv. בּוֹשִׁי Is 23:4 Ez 16:52, בּוֹשׁוּ Ez 36:32; Pt. pl. בּוֹשִׁים Ez 32:30;— 1. abs. feel shame Je 6:15 + 16 times, Is 19:9; 23:4; 37:27 Is 2 45:16 + 14 times Ez 16:63 Mi 7:16 Jo 2:26, 27 2 K 19:26 Ez 9:6 Jb 6:20 ψ 6:11 (+ 27 times, chiefly in late Psalms). 2. sq. מִן, be ashamed of, i.e. disconcerted, disappointed by reason of Je 2:36(×2); 12:13; 48:13 Is 1:29; 20:5 Ez 32:30; 36:32. 3. with obj. בֹּשְׁתִּי לִשְׁאוֹל I am ashamed to ask Ezr 8:22; לֹא תֵבשׁוּ תַּהְכְּרוּ לִי ye are not ashamed to deal hardly with me (impf. subj.) Jb 19:3. בּושׁ often ‖ נכלם & חפר; בּשׁוּ וְהָכְלְמוּ they are ashamed and confounded Je 14:3, 22:22 Is 20:5; 41:11; 45:16, 17 Ez 16:52; 36:32 ψ 35:4; 69:7 Ez 9:6; וּבשׁוּ הַחֹזִים וְחָֽפְרוּ הַקֹּסְמִים and the seers shall be ashamed and the diviners confounded Mi 3:7, cf. Je 15:9 Jb 6:20 ψ 35:26; 40:15; 70:3; 71:24; יֵבוֹשׁ מְקוֹרוֹ Ho 13:15 (read יִיבַשׁ be dry); עַד־בּוֹשׁ †Ju 3:25 2 K 2:17; 8:11. cf. עַד־בּשׁ to the point of confusion †Ju 3:25 (cf. GFM), 2 K 2:17; 8:11. Poʿlēl Pf. בֹּשֵׁשׁ delay (in shame), בּשֵׁשׁ משֶׁה לָרֶדֶת Moses delayed to descend Ex 32:1 (J), מַדּוּעַ בּשֵׁשׁ רִכְבּוֹ לָבוֹא why delay his chariots to come? Ju 5:28. Hiph. 1. הֱבִישׁוֹתָ ψ 44:8; הֱבִישֹׁתָה ψ 53:6; Impf. 2 ms. sf. תְּבִישֵׁנִי ψ 119:31, 116; תָּבִישׁוּ ψ 14:6; put to shame, Pt. מֵבִישׁ Pr 10:5; 14:35; 19:26; 29:15; one causing shame or acting shamefully, ‖ מַשְׂכִּיל; עֶבֶד מַשְׂכִּיל יִמְשֹׁל בְּבֵן מֵבִישׁ a servant acting wisely will rule over a son causing shame Pr 17:2; מְבִישָׁה ‖ אֵשֶׁת חַיִל Pr 12:4. 2. הוֹבִישׁ 2 S 19:6 Je 2:26; 6:15 Jo 1:10, 12; הֹבִישׁ Je 10:14 + 7 times, Ho 2:7 Jo 1:12, 17 Is 30:5 (but הבאיש Kt); הֹבִשׁוּ Je 8:9, 12; Imv. הֹבִישׁוּ Jo 1:11 (all the forms in Joel derived √ יָבֵשׁ by ancient versions and some moderns, vid. Ew§ 122e Ges§ 78b). a. put to shame 2 S 19:6. b. act shamefully Ho 2:7. c. to be put to shame Je 2:26; 6:15; 46:24; 48:1(×2), 20; 50:2(×2) Jo 1:10, 12, 17 (?). d. be ashamed Je 8:9, 12 Jo 1:11, 12 (?) Is 30:5 (Qr); c. מִן Je 10:14 = 51:17. Hithpoʿl Impf. יִתְבּשָׁ֑שׁוּ ashamed before one another Gn 2:25 (J).

ἀνίστημι, causal in present ἀνίστημι (later ἀνιστάω Refs 2nd c.AD+imperfect ἀνίστην: future ἀναστήσω, poetry ἀνστήσω: aorist 1 ἀνέστησα, Epic dialect ἄνστησα, Aeolic dialect 3rd.pers.plural ὄστασανRefs 5th c.AD+: perfect ἀνέστακαLXX+2nd c.AD+aorist 1 middle ἀνεστησάμην (see. below Refs __I make to stand up, raise up, γέροντα δὲ χειρὸς ἀνίστη he raised the old man up by his hand, Refs 8th c.BC+ __I.2 raisefrom sleep, wake up, Refs 8th c.BC+ __I.3 raise from the dead, οὐδέ μιν ἀνστήσειςRefs 8th c.BC+; from misery or misfortune, Refs 4th c.BC+ __I.4 produce a witness, etc. (compare 111.6), προφήτην ὑμῖν ἀ. ὁ ΘεόςNT __I.5 after Refs 8th c.BC+ also of things, set up, build, στήλας variant in Refs 5th c.BC+; ἀνδριάντα ἐς Δελφούς Philipp. cited in Refs 4th c.BC+; so ἀ. τινὰ χρυσοῦν, χαλκοῦν (in pure Attic ἱστάναι), set up a golden, brazen statue of him, Refs 1st c.AD+ —so in aorist 1 middle, ἀναστήσασθαι πόλιν build oneself a city, Refs 5th c.BC+; ἀνεστήσαντο δὲ βωμούς they set them up altars, Refs 3rd c.BC+ __I.5.b build up again, restore, τείχηRefs 5th c.BC+ __I.6 put up for sale, Refs 5th c.BC+ __II rouse to action, stir up, ἀλλ᾽ ἴθι νῦν Αἴαντα.. ἄνστησονRefs 8th c.BC+, etc.: with dative person, raise up against another, τούτῳ δὲ πρόμον ἄλλον ἀναστήσουσιν Refs 5th c.BC+: rouse to arms, raise troops, Refs 5th c.BC+; ἀναστήσας ἦγε στρατόν he called up his troops and marched them, Refs 5th c.BC+ __III make people rise, break up an assembly by force, Refs 8th c.BC+; but ἐκκλησίαν ἀναστῆσαι adjourn it, Refs 5th c.BC+ __III.2 make people emigrate, transplant (compare below Refs 8th c.BC+ __III.3 make suppliants rise and leave sanctuary, Refs 5th c.BC+ make an army decamp, Refs 2nd c.BC+ __III.4 ἀ. ἐπὶ τὸ βῆμα make to ascend the tribune, Refs __III.5 of sportsmen, put up game, Refs 5th c.BC+ __III.6 μάρτυρα ἀναστής ασθαί τινα call him as one's witness, Refs 5th c.BC+ __B intransitive in present and imperfect ἀνίσταμαι, -μην, in future ἀναστήσομαι, in aorist 2 ἀνέστην (but ἀναστῶ, for ἀναστήσω, Refs 5th c.BC+, participle ἀστάςRefsperfect ἀνέστηκα, Attic dialect pluperfect ἀνεστήκ; also perfect ἀνεστέασιRefs 5th c.BC+aorist passive ἀνεστάθην, Aeolic dialect participle ὀσταθείςRefs 5th c.AD+:—stand up, rise, especially to speak, τοῖσι δ᾽ ἀνέστηRefs 8th c.BC+future participle, ἀ. λέξων, κατηγορήσων, etc.: so with infinitive, ἀνέστη μαντεύεσθαιRefs 8th c.BC+: in participle, ἀναστὰς εἶπεRefs 5th c.BC+; also, rise from one's seat as a mark of respect, θεοὶ δ᾽ ἅμα πάντες ἀνέστανRefs 8th c.BC+; ἀπὸ βωμοῦ Refs 4th c.BC+ __B.2 rise from bed or sleep, ἐξ εὐνῆς ἀνστᾶσαRefs 8th c.BC+; οὐδ᾽ ἀνιστάμην ἐκ κλίνης, of a sick person, Refs 5th c.BC+: absolutely, rise from sleep, Refs 5th c.BC+ __B.3 rise from the dead, Refs 8th c.BC+ __B.4 rise from an illness, recover, ἐκ τῆς νούσουRefs 5th c.BC+ __B.5 rise as a champion, Refs 8th c.BC+; θανάτων χώρᾳ πύργος ἀνέστα [Oedipus] Refs 5th c.BC+: hence with dative, stand up [to fight against..], Ἀγκαῖον.., ὅς μοι ἀνέστηRefs 8th c.BC+; see above Refs 4th c.BC+ __B.6 rise up, rear itself, πύργοιRefs 5th c.BC+; of statues, etc., to be set up, Refs 5th c.BC+ __B.7 to be set up, βασιλεύς as king, Refs 5th c.BC+ __B.8 of a river, rise, ἐξ ὀρέωνRefs 1st c.AD+ __B.9 perfect participle, γῆ γηλόφοισιν ἀνεστηκυῖαRefs 2nd c.AD+: metaphorically, lofty, ἀ. τὴν ψυχὴν γενόμενοςRefs 4th c.BC+ __B.II rise to go, set out, go away, εἰς ἌργοςRefs 5th c.BC+ __B.II.2 to be compelled to migrate (above Refs 5th c.BC+: of a country, to be depopulated, χώρα ἀνεστηκυῖαRefs 5th c.BC+; ἡσυχάσασα ἡ Ἑλλὰς καὶ οὐκέτι ἀνισταμένη no longer subject to migration, Refs 5th c.BC+ __B.II.3 of a law-court, rise, Refs __B.II.4 cease, οὐκ, ἀνέστη ἕως ἐνίκησε σκορπίσαιRefs

† חָרָה vb. burn, be kindled, of anger (Aramaic חרי Pa. cause fire to burn (rare); Zinj. חרא anger, NöZMG 1893, 98. 103; Arabic حَرْوَةٌ burning sensation, in throat, etc., from rage and pain)— Qal Pf. ח׳ Gn 4:6 + 20 times; Impf. יֶחֱרֶה Ex 32:11 + 2 times; יִ֫חַר Gn 18:30 + 7 times; וַיִּ֫חַר Gn 4:5 + 46 times; Inf. abs. חָרֹה 1 S 20:7; cstr. חֲרוֹת 2 S 24:1 ψ 124:3;— 1. of man: a. חרה אף (one’s) anger was kindled, burned Gn 39:19 Nu 22:27 (J), Ex 32:19, 22 (JE), Ju 9:30; 14:19 1 S 11:6 Jb 32:2, 5; c. בְּ against Gn 30:2 (E), 44:18 (J), 1 S 17:28; 20:30 2 S 12:5 2 Ch 25:10 ψ 124:3 Jb 32:2, 3; c. אֶל Nu 24:10 (E). b. impers., אף omitted; חרה לְ it was kindled for (him) he burned with anger Gn 31:36 (E), 4:5, 6; 34:7 Nu 16:15 (J), 1 S 15:11 (read perhaps וַיֵּצֶר, Weir in Dr), 18:8; 20:7(×2) 2 S 3:8; 6:8 = 1 Ch 13:11, 2 S 13:21; 19:43 Ne 3:33; 4:1; 5:6 Jon 4:1, 4, 9(×2); ins. ויחר לדוד 2 S 11:22 𝔊 We Dr; ח׳ בְּעֵינֵי Gn 31:35; 45:5 (E). 2. of God: a. ח׳ אף Ex 22:23 Nu 22:22 (E), Nu 11:1, 10; 32:10 (J); c. בְּ Ex 4:14; 32:10 Nu 12:9 Dt 31:17 (J), 6:15; 7:4; 11:17; 29:26 Jos 23:16 (D), Ju 6:39 2 S 6:7 = 1 Ch 13:10, Ho 8:5 2 K 23:26 2 Ch 25:15 Jb 42:7; בְּעַם Ex 32:11 Nu 11:33 (J), Is 5:25 ψ 106:40; בישׂראל Nu 25:3; 32:13 (JE); Ju 2:14, 20; 3:8; 10:7 2 S 24:1 2 K 13:3; בבני ישׂראל Jos 7:1 (R); בנהרים, אף omitted, Hb 3:8; c. עַל Zc 10:3. b. חרה לְ Gn 18:30, 32 (J) 2 S 22:8 = ψ 18:8.— Note. חרה not in HP (who use קצף); nor in Je Ez Is 2 Pr or poetry of Jb. Niph. Pf. נִחֲרוּ־ sq. בְּ Ct 1:6 (according to Bö ii. 379 De Köi. 551) be angry with; Pt. כֹּל הַנֶּחֱרִים בְּ׳ all that are incensed against (thee) Is 41:11, so 45:24. Hiph. Pf. הֶחֱרָה הֶחֱזִיק Ne 3:20 burned with zeal (?) in repairing, but 𝔊 om. החרה; prob. dittogr.; Impf. וַיַּחַר עָלַי אַפּוֹ Jb 19:11 and kindled his anger against me. Hithp. Impf. אַל תִּתְחַר ψ 37:1, 7, 8 Pr 24:19 heat oneself in vexation.—The foll. forms are somewhat dub.: Impf. 2 ms. אֵיךְ תְּתַחֲרֶה אֶת־הַסּוּסִים Je 12:5 how canst thou hotly contend (in a race) with the horses? Pt. כִּי אַתָּה מְתַחֲרֶה בָאָ֑רֶז Je 22:15 because thou strivest eagerly (to excel) in cedar; expl. as Tiphʿēl by Thes Ges§ 55, 5 Ew§ 122 a Ol§ 255 a Sta§ 159 b Köi. p. 557 al., and regarded by most as a rare causative stem; but ag. existence of Tiphʿēl v. BaNB § 180 a; ZMG 1894, 20; Ba regards the form as denom. (from a noun formed by ת preform., cf. Aramaic ܬܰܚܪܘܽܬܳܐ contention); SS would point as Hithp. [cf. Syriac ܐܶܬܚܪܺܝ contend with, ܚܶܪܝܳܢ contention], although meaning of Hithp. is diff., v. supr.

† I. [בָּעַר] vb. burn, consume (𝔗 בְּעַר burn; ܒܥܰܪ seek out, collect, glean; this apparently earlier meaning)— Qal Pf. 3 fs. בָּֽעֲרָה Nu 11:3 + 2 times, וּבָֽעֲרָה consec. Is 10:17 + 3 times, בָּֽעֲרוּ Ju 15:14 + 2 times + 2 S 22:13 (but cf. De on ψ 18), וּבָֽעֲרוּ consec. Is 1:31; Impf. יִבְעַר Ex 3:3 ψ 2:12, etc.; Pt. בֹּעֵר Ex 3:2 + 6 times, בֹּעֵרָ֑ה Is 34:9, בּוֹעֵרָה Ho 7:4, בֹּעֲרָ֫ה Is 30:33, בֹּעֶ֫רֶת Je 20:9, בֹּעֲרוֹת Ez 1:13;—burn, 1. (intr.) specif. begin to burn, be kindled ψ 18:9 sq. מִן (subj. גֶּחָלִים) = 2 S 22:9 (in v 13 textual error cf. supr.), ψ 106:18 (subj. אֵשׁ); fig. ψ 2:12 (subj. אַפּוֹ); cf. Je 44:6 (subj. חֵמָה); Is 30:33 (c. בְּ, subj. נִשְׁמַת י׳), ψ 39:4 (subj. אֵשׁ fig. of grief, distress) cf. Je 20:9. 2. be burning, burn, Ju 15:14 (subj. פִּשְׁתִּים, c. בָּאֵשׁ), Ex 3:2 (הסנה, c. בָּאֵשׁ), v 3 (subj. id.); Dt 4:11; 5:25; 9:15 (all subj. הר, c. בָּאֵשׁ), cf. Is 34:9 (זֶפֶת בערה), fig. of destruction Is 1:31 (subj. חָסֹן & פֹּעֲלוֹ); of torch לַפִּיד Is 62:1; of oven תַּנּוּר Ho 7:4, 6 (i.e. heated by fire within it). 3. trans. burn, consume (subj. אשׁ, להבה etc., sq. בְּ) Nu 11:1, 3 (אשׁ י׳). Jb 1:16 (אשׁ אלהים); in simile Ez 1:13 (גחלי אשׁ י׳), ψ 83:15 (only here trans. c.acc.; should תבער be pointed as Pi.?); fig. (subj. wrath of י׳) Is 42:25 cf. La 2:3 (subj. fire = fiery trial) Is 43:2. 4. act. but abs., fig. subj. wrath of י׳ Je 4:4; 7:20; 21:12 ψ 89:47 cf. Is 10:17 ψ 79:5 Is 30:27 (שֵׁם י׳ … בֹּעֵר אַפּוֹ) Mal 3:19 (היום בא); of human anger Est 1:12; subj. wickedness Is 9:17. Pi. Pf. בִּעֵר 1 K 22:47 2 K 23:24, וּבִעֵר consec. Lv 6:5, בִּעַ֫רְתָּ 2 Ch 19:3, וּבִעַרְתָּ֫ Dt 13:6 + 9 times in Dt; וּבִעֲרוּ cons. Ez 39:9(×2) (9a del. Co after Vrss), etc.; Impf. יְבַעֵר 1 K 14:10; 2 ms. תְּבַעֵר Dt 21:9, יְבַעֲרוּ Ez 39:10; 2 mpl. תְּבַעֲרוּ Ex 35:3, וּנְבַעֲרָה Ju 20:13 Inf. בָּעֵר Is 40:16; Pt. מְבַעֲרִים Je 7:18;— 1. kindle, lit. c. acc. אשׁ Ex 35:3 Je 7:18 cf. Ez 39:9 (v. supr.) v 10; fig. of י׳ sending destruction Ez 21:4 cf. of human schemes Is 50:11; light, obj. lamps in temple 2 Ch 4:20 cf. 13:11. 2. burn, lit. c. acc. עֵצִים Lv 6:5, גָּלָל dung 1 K 14:10; abs. Is 44:15 cf. 40:16 Ne 10:35. 3. fig. consume, utterly remove, partic. of evil and guilt, c. acc., especially in Deuteronomic phrase (מישׂראל) ובערת הרע מקרבך Dt 13:6; 17:7, 12; 19:13, 19; 21:21 cf. v 9 22:21, 22, 24; 24:7, v. also Ju 20:13; further, 1 K 22:47 2 K 23:24 2 Ch 19:3; also of devoted (tabooed) things Dt 26:13, 14; of persons (exterminate) 2 S 4:11; sq. אחרי pregn. 1 K 14:10; 16:3; 21:21; = devour, devastate, greedily enjoy the fruits of, Is 3:14; abs. היה לְבָעֵר be for destruction, be destroyed Nu 24:22 Is 5:5; 6:13; cf. רוּחַ בָּעֵר Is 4:4. Pu. Pt. מְבֹעָ֑רֶת Je 36:22;—burn (i.e. be supplied with fire), of fire-jar, הָאָח. Hiph. Pf. וְהִבְעַרְתִּ֫י Na 2:14; Impf. וַיַּבְעֵר Ju 15:5 2 Ch 28:3, וַיַּבְעֶר־ Ju 15:5; תַּבְעִיר Ez 5:2; Pt. מַבְעִיר 1 K 16:3, מַבְעִר Ex 22:5;— 1. kindle (c. acc. cogn.) Ex 22:5, cf. Ju 15:5 ויב׳ אשׁ בלפידים caused fire to burn among the brands. 2. burn up, c. acc. Ju 15:5 2 Ch 28:3 (sacrifice of children) בָּאֵשׁ) Ez 5:2 (בָּאוּר but cf. Co) Na 2:14 (בעשׁן). 3. consume = destroy (cf. Pi.) 1 K 16:3 (sq. אַחֲרֵי).

† חֹ֫שֶׁךְ n.m. Ex 10:21 darkness, obscurity;—abs. חֹשֶׁךְ Gn 1:2 + 75 times (+ Ex 8:12 del. Co A B etc.); cstr. id. Ex 10:22; sf. חָשְׁכִּי ψ 18:29 = 2 S 22:29;— 1. darkness (opp. אוֹר) lit. Gn 1:2, 4 (P), Is 45:7 Jb 26:10 Ec 2:13, cf. in imprecation Jb 3:4, 5 (ח׳ וצלמות = לילה Gn 1:5, 18 (P), cf. Jos 2:5 (JE), Is 45:19 Jb 17:12; 24:16; 38:19 ψ 104:20; darkness in mines Jb 28:3; of extraordinary darkness, in Egypt Ex 10:21(×2) (E); ח׳־אֲפֵלָה Ex 10:22 (E), ψ 105:28, from pillar of cloud Ex 14:20 (J); at Mt. Sinai Dt 4:11; 5:20; of clouds of theophany 2 S 22:12 = ψ 18:12; of darkness in death, or Sheʾôl, 1 S 2:9 Jb 10:21 (אֶרֶץ ח׳ וצלמות), 17:13; 18:18 ψ 88:13 Pr 20:20 (אִישׁוֹן ח׳ = extreme of darkness). 2. = secret place(s) Id 45:3 Jb 12:22 (‖ צלמות); = hiding-place Jb 34:22 (‖ id.), cf. ψ 139:11, 12;—on Ez 8:12, v. supr. 3. fig., a. = distress Is 5:30; 9:1; 29:18 (fig. of blindness), 42:7; 49:9; 58:10; 59:9; 60:2 La 3:2 Mi 7:8 ψ 18:29 = 2 S 22:29, Jb 15:22, 23, 30; 20:26; 22:11; 23:17; 29:3 ψ 107:10, 14 (in both ‖ צלמות), 112:4 Ec 5:16; 11:8. b. = dread, terror, symbol. of judgment Am 5:18, 20 Zp 1:15 Na 1:8 Ez 32:8 Jo 2:4; 3:4. c. = mourning Is 47:5. d. = perplexity Jb 5:14; 12:25; 19:8; confusion ψ 35:6. e. = ignorance Jb 37:19 Ec 2:14. f. = evil, sin Is 5:20(×2) Pr 2:13. g. = obscurity Ec 6:4(×2).

† יָרָה vb. throw, shoot (NH shoot, Hiph. teach; Aramaic Aph. אוֹרִי teach; Ethiopic ወረወ jecit; Amh. warê is information, news, v. NöZMG 1886, 724; Assyrian ârû, lead, guide, DlHWB 241; têrtu, law, DlHA 49; Zinj. ירי set, found, DHMSendsch. 57, cf. 2 infr.—Buhl distinguished 3√ √ ירה: i. = throw, cf. mod. Arabic warra; ii. Hiph. = moisten, cf. רוה; iii. Hiph. = teach, cf. ראה, Arabic رأى, رَوَى; but evidence for this division hardly sufficient)— Qal Pf. יר׳ Ex 15:4 + 3 times; 1 s. יָרִיתִי Gn 31:51 Jos 18:6; Impf. 1 pl. sf. וַנִּירָם Nu 21:30 (SS after 𝔊 וְנִינָם, see Ges§ 76 (2) e); Imv. יְרֵה 2 K 13:17; Inf. abs. יָרֹה Ex 19:13; cstr. לִיר(וֹ)ת ψ 11:2; 64:5; Pt. יֹרֶה Pr 26:18; pl. יוֹרִים 1 Ch 10:3; יֹרִים 2 Ch 35:23;— 1. throw, cast, with acc.: cast lots Jos 18:6 (E); army into (בְּ) the sea Ex 15:4 (song). 2. cast (= lay, set), corner-stone Jb 38:6; pillar Gn 31:51 (E; v. Zinj. supr.) 3. shoot arrows, abs. Ex 19:13 (E) 2 K 13:17; acc. of arrows 1 S 20:36, 37 Pr 26:18; acc. pers. Nu 21:30 (song, E) ψ 64:5; with לְ pers. 11:2; י(וֹ)רִים archers 1 Ch 10:3 2 Ch 35:23. 4. throw water, rain: Ho 6:3, but v. יוֹרֶה" dir="rtl" >יוֹרֶה early rain (cf. Hiph. 3). Niph. Impf. יִיָּרֶה shot through (with arrows) Ex 19:13 (E). Hiph. Pf. 3 ms. sf. הֹרַנִי Jb 30:19 (הֹרָנִי Baer); הוֹרָהוּ 2 K 12:3; הוֹרֵתָ֑נִי ψ 119:102; 1 s. וְהוֹרֵיתִ֫י Ex 4:15 1 S 12:23; sf. הֹרֵיתִיךָ Pr 4:11; הוֹרֵיתִיךָ Ex 4:12; Impf. יוֹרֶה ψ 25:8 + 5 times; וַיּוֹר 2 K 13:17 (for this and other forms see Ges§ 76 (2) e); וַיֹּרֵנִי Pr 4:4; יוֹרֵנוּ Ju 13:8 + 2 times; יוֹרֶנּוּ ψ 25:12 Is 28:26; וַיּוֹרֵהוּ Ex 15:25; יֹרֵם 2 K 17:27 ψ 64:8; 2 f. sf. תּוֹרְךָ ψ 45:5; תֹּרֶ֑ךָּ Jb 12:7, 8; 2 m. sf. תּוֹרֵם 1 K 8:36 = 2 Ch 6:27; 1 s. אוֹרֶה 1 S 20:20 Jb 27:11; sf. אוֹרְךָ ψ 32:8; 3 mpl. יוֹרוּ Dt 24:8 + 3 times; יֹרוּ 2 S 11:20 2 Ch 35:23; יֹרֻהוּ ψ 64:5; יוֹרוּךָ Dt 17:10 + 2 times; Imv. sf. הֹרֵנִי Jb 34:32; הוֹרֵנִי ψ 27:11 + 2 times; pl. sf. הוֹרוּנִי Jb 6:24; Inf. cstr. הוֹרֹת Gn 46:28 + 3 times; הוֹרֹתָם Ex 24:12; Pt. מוֹרֶה 1 S 20:36 + 5 times; מֹרֶה Pr 6:13; pl. מוֹרִים 1 S 31:3 + 2 times; sf. מוֹרָ֑י Pr 5:13; מוֹרֶיךָ Is 30:20(×2);— 1. throw, cast, with ל, into the mire Jb 30:19. 2. shoot (arrows) 1 S 20:20, 36 2 S 11:20 2 K 13:17; 19:32 = Is 37:33; with ל, of pers. 2 Ch 35:23; acc. pers. ψ 64:5, 8; מוֹרִים archers 1 S 31:3(×2) 1 Ch 10:3. 3. throw water, rain: וְיוֹרֶה צֶדֶק לָכֶם Ho 10:12 and rain righteousness for you (Thes al. under 5); hence מוֹרֶה early rain (cf. Qal 4). 4. point out, shew: לְהוֹרֹת לְפָנָיו גּשְׁנָה Gn 46:28 (J) to point out before him (the way) to Goshen; מֹרֶה בְּאֶצְבְּעֹתָיו Pr 6:13 pointing out with his fingers; acc. pers. et rei Ex 15:25 (JE) ψ 45:5 Jb 6:24. 5. direct, teach, instruct: a. of men, abs. Bezalel in handicraft Ex 35:34 (P); c. acc. pers., a father his son Pr 4:4; the ancients Job Jb 8:10; the animals and the earth, the friends of Job 12:7, 8; c. 2 acc. Is 28:9; בּדֶרֶךְ in the way 1 S 12:23 ψ 25:8; 32:8 Pr 4:11; בְּיַד־אֵל concerning the hand of Ēl Jb 27:11.—מוֹרֶה שֶׁקֶר teaching lies is used of prophet Is 9:14. b. specially of the authoritative direction (v. תּוֹרָה) given by priests on matters of ceremonial observance, with acc. rei and לְ pers. Dt 33:10 (song), they teach thy judgments to Jacob, and thy direction (law) to Israel; double acc. 17:10, 11 according to the direction, wherewith they direct thee; 24:8 (on leprosy), Lv 10:11 (P), abs. 14:57 (P), 2 Ch 15:3 כֹּהֵן מוֹרֶה, Ez 44:23 the Zadokite priests את־עמי יֹרוּ בֵּין קֹדֶשׁ לְחֹל; Mi 3:11 the priests give such ‘direction’ for hire; less technically, of Moses Ex 24:12 (E), of Jehoiada 2 K 12:3, of the Samaritan priests 2 K 17:27, 28. c. of God; c. acc. pers. Is 28:26 ψ 119:102; double acc. Ex 4:12, 15 (J), Ju 13:8 Jb 34:32 1 K 8:36 (= אֶל הַדֶּרֶךְ 2 Ch 6:27), ψ 27:11; 86:11; 119:33; acc. pers. בְּדֶרֶךְ ψ 25:12; מִדְּרָכָיו of his ways Is 2:3 = Mi 4:2. d. of idol-image Hb 2:18 (מוֹרֶה שָׁ֑קֶר), v 19.

† [נָצַב] vb.Niph. take one’s stand, stand (NH נִצָּב id. (rare), הַצָּבָה n. taking a stand; Ph. (Pun.) נצב, מנצבת, מצבת monument Lzb 325; Nab. Palm. נצב set up; Zinj. id., statue, all Lzb 325 Cook 82; Palm. מצבא image, Nab. נצב id., DHMVOJ viii (1984), 12, cf. Lzb l.c.; perhaps Assyrian naṣâbu TelAm., Wkl TA 24b; Aramaic נְצַב, ܢܨܰܒ Arabic نَصَبَ set up, erect, نَصْبٌ sign, mark, way-mark; Sab. נצב cippus CIS iv. 23 Sab Denkm95 DHM ZMG xxx (1876), 115f. Derenb JAs, 1883, Aug.–Sept. 244; Min. מצב statue (= מנצב) HomSüdar. Chrest. 128);— Niph. Pf. 3 fs. נִצְּבָה ψ 45:10, נִצָּ֑בָה Gn 37:7; Pr 8:2; 2 ms. וְנִצַּבְתָּ֫ Ex 7:15 + 2 times; 3 pl. נִצְּבוּ 15:8, וְנִצְּבוּ consec. 33:8; Pt. נִצָּב Gn 24:13 +, f. נִצָּבָה Zc 11:16, נִצֶּ֫בֶת 1 S 1:26; mpl. נִצָּבִים Ex 5:20 +; fpl. נִצָּבוֹת 1 S 4:20;— 1. a. station oneself, take one’s stand, for definite purpose, c. עַל loc. (by, on) Gn 24:13, 43; 28:13; Ex 7:15; 33:21; 34:2 (all J), Ex 17:9; 18:14 (E), Nu 23:6, 17 (JE); Am 7:7; 9:1; Pr 8:2; of י׳ Is 3:13 taketh his stand to plead; c. ב loc. Ex 5:20 ψ 82:1 (of God), cf. Nu 22:23, 31, 34; נ׳ עִמְּכָה 1 S 1:26; לִפְנֵי י׳ Dt 29:9; c. פֶּתַח Nu 16:27 (JE), Ju 18:16, 17; abs. La 2:4 (on text v. Löhr). b. stand = be stationed (by appointment, or in fulfilment of duty), c. עַל pers. (sitting or lying) Gn 45:1; 1 S 4:20; 22:6, 7, 17; נ׳ עַל־מִשְׁמַרְתִּי Is 21:8 stand at my watchman’s post (‖ עֹמֵד); לִימִינְךָ ψ 45:10; abs. 2 S 13:31. c. take an upright position, stand, יָקוּמוּ וְנ׳ Ex 33:8 (E; + פֶּתַח loc.), cf. Gn 37:7 (E; of sheaf); of waters, נ׳ כְמוֹ־נֵד Ex 15:8 (song). 2. be stationed = appointed over (על), 1 S 22:9; Ru 2:5, 6; with Samuel presiding over (על) them 1 S 19:20. Hence 3. Pt. as subst. deputy, prefect (as appointed, deputed), only 1 K 4:5, 7; 5:7, 30; 9:23 2 Ch 8:10 (all of Sol.’s officers; so also 2 Ch 8:10 Qr, נציב), 1 K 22:48 (of Edom). 4. stand firm, fig. כָּל־אָדָם נִצָּב ψ 39:6 every man, (even) the firm-standing, is wholly vanity (but expression strange, and text dub.); נ׳ בַּשָּׁמָ֑יִם 119:89 (of י׳’s word); that which stands firm Zc 11:16 (Isr. under fig. of sheep), but dub.; We GASm leave untranslated; Now proposes הַנַּחֲלָה the diseased. Hiph. Pf. הִצִּיב 1 K 16:34; 2 ms. הִצַּבְתָּ Gn 21:29 ψ 74:17; 3 mpl. הִצִּ֫יבוּ Je 5:26; Impf. יַצִּיב Jos 6:26, יַצֵּב Dt 32:8 (dub.; poet. for וַיּ׳ Ew§ 233a Di; rhythmical shortening Ges§ 109 k; read יַצִּב Dr DaSynt. p. 94), וַיַּצֶּב־ 2 S 18:18; sf. וַיַּצִּיבֵ֫נוּ La 3:12; Imv. fs. הַצִּ֫יבִי Je 31:21; Inf. cstr. הַצִּיב 1 S 13:21; 1 Ch 18:3; Pt. מַצִּיב 1 S 15:12 (but read הִצִּיב 𝔊 We Dr Bu Kit HPS);— 1. station, set: c. acc., ewes Gn 21:28, 29 (E; לְבַד apart), trap Je 5:26; fig. set me before thee (לְפָנֶיךָ) ψ 41:13; set me as a target La 3:12. 2. set up, erect pillar (מַצֵּבָה) Gn 35:14, 20 (E), 2 S 18:18, + אֲשֵׁרִים 2 K 17:10; altar Gn 33:20 (E), stone-heap 2 S 18:17; monument 1 S 15:12; 1 Ch 18:3; Je 31:21; city-gates (c. ב), Jos 6:26 (JE) = 1 K 16:34. 3. cause to stand erect, waters, כְּמוֹ־נֵד ψ 78:13 (cf. Qal Ex 15:8). 4. fix, establish boundary (subj. י׳) Dt 32:8 ψ 74:17; Pr 15:25; dominion (יַד) 1 Ch 18:3 (of king).—1 S 13:21 is dub.; AV sharpen, RV set; Kit ‘gerade machen’; Klo נִצַּב subst., v. infr.; cf. HPS. Hoph. Pf. 3 ms. הֻצַּב Na 2:8 it is fixed, determined (Kl Or), but very dub.; perhaps n.pr., or epith., of queen, cf. We Now GASm, q.v.; Pt. סֻלָּם מֻצָּב אַ֫רְצָה Gn 28:12 (E) a ladder set up on the earth; אֵלוֹן מ׳ Ju 9:6, read אֵלוֹן הַמַּצֵּבָה GFM, v. infr.—Cf. also יָצַב" dir="rtl" >יצב Hithp.

† I. יָבֵשׁ vb. be dry, dried up, withered (NH id. (rare), 𝔗 יְבֵישׁ, chiefly Pa. Ithp., Syriac ܢܺܒܶܫ; Sab. Palm. deriv.; Arabic يَبِسَ; Ethiopic የብሰ )— Qal Pf. 2 ms. יָבֵשׁ Jos 9:5 + 8 times; וְיָבֵשׁ consec. Is 19:5 + 4 times; 3 fs. יָֽבְשָׁה Gn 8:14; 3 pl. יָֽבְשׁוּ Je 23:10 + 2 times; יָבֵ֑שׁוּ 50:38 + 2 times; Impf. 3 ms. יִבַשׁ Is 19:7; יִיבָ֑שׁ Je 12:4 Jb 8:12; וַיִּיבַשׁ 1 K 17:7; וַיִּיבָ֑שׁ Jon 4:7; 3 fs. תִּיבַשׁ Ez 17:10; תִּיבָ֑שׁ v 10 + 3 times, etc.; Inf. cstr. (בִּ)יבשׁ Is 27:11; יְבשֶׁת Gn 8:7; abs. יָבוֹשׁ Zc 11:17; יָבשׁ Ez 17:10;— 1. be dry, dried up without moisture: a. of bread Jos 9:5, 12 (JE). b. of ground lacking rain Am 4:7, cf. Am 1:2 (of Carmel at utterance of י׳’s voice), Je 23:10. c. of earth after the flood Gn 8:14 (P), cf. חָרֵב" dir="rtl" >חָרֵב. d. of grass, herbage, trees and crops (already implied in b) = wither Is 15:6; 19:7; 27:11 Je 12:4 Jb 8:12 Jo 1:12 Jon 4:7; in sim. of shortness of life ψ 90:6; 102:12; 129:6, v. also Is 40:7, 8 (in these two ‖ נָבֵל); of heart under fig. of grass ψ 102:5; of Judah under fig. of vine Ez 17:9(×2), 10(×3), cf. 19:12; of princes under fig. of tree Is 40:24; of roots of Ephr. under fig. of tree Ho 9:16, so of roots of wicked Jb 18:16. e. of hand, arm, dry up, wither, as judgment from י׳, 1 K 13:4 Zc 11:17(×2); in distress יָבֵשׁ כַּחֶרֶשׁ כֹּחִי ψ 22:16 my strength is dried up like the potsherd; of skin La 4:8, and (fig.) of bones Ez 37:11. 2. be dried up: of water Gn 8:7 (J), Is 19:5 1 K 17:7 Je 50:38 Jo 1:20 Jb 12:15; 14:11. Pi. make dry, dry up, only Impf. 3 ms. sf. וַיַּבְּשֵׁהוּ Na 1:4 and hath made it dry (י׳, the sea); 3 fs. תְּיַבֵּשׁ Jb 15:30 the flame shall dry up his branches (fig. of wicked); fig. תְּיַבֶּשׁ־נָּ֑רֶם Pr 17:22 a broken spirit maketh dry (the) bones. Hiph. Pf. 3 ms. הוֹבִישׁ Jos 2:10 + 3 times + Jo 1:10 (v. infr.); חֹבִישׁ Ez 19:12 + 2 times Jo (v. infr.); 3 fs. הוֹבִישָׁה Jo 1:12 (v. infr.); 2 ms. הוֹבַשְׁתָּ ψ 74:15; 1 s. הוֹבַשְׁתִּי Ez 17:24; וְהוֹבַשְׁתִּ֫י Je 51:36; 3 pl. וְהֹבִישׁוּ consec. Zc 10:11; Impf. 1 s. אוֹבִישׁ Is 42:15(×2); 44:27;—dry up, make dry: 1. dry up water, י׳ subj., Jos 2:10; 4:23(×2); 5:1 (all D), Je 51:36 (‖ הֶחֱרִיב), Is 42:15; 44:27 (חֳרָבִי in ‖ cl.), ψ 74:15. 2. make dry, wither: herbage, trees, crops, etc., of י׳, Is 42:15 (‖ החריב); obj. Babylon under fig. of tree Ez 17:24; of east wind’s drying up Judah’s fruit Ez 19:12. 3. exhibit dryness: of river-deeps laid bare Zc 10:11.—In like manner might be taken Jo 1:10, 12(×2), 17, if from יבשׁ; but the sense would be difficult, especially in v 10, 12, and הֹבִישׁוּ v 11 must be from בּוֹשׁ, to which all these cases in Jo may be consistently assigned; v. בּוֹשׁ" dir="rtl" >בּוֹשׁ.

φῶς, contraction for φάος, light (which see). φῴς, ἡ, plural φῷδες, contraction from φωΐς (which see).

† יָצַק vb. pour, cast, flow (Talm. id.)— Qal Pf. יָצַק Lv 8:15 + 2 times; וְיָצַק consec. 2:1; 14:15; וַיִּצֹק Lv 8:12 sf. יְצָקָם 1 K 7:46 2 Ch 4:17, etc.; Impf. יִצֹּק Lv 14:26 Nu 5:15; וַיִּצֹּק Gn 28:18 + 8 times; וַיִּ֫צֶק 1 K 22:35 (intrans.); 3 fs. וַתִּצֹּק 2 S 13:9; אֶצֹּק Is 44:3; אֶצָּק־ v 3; וַיִּֽצְקוּ 2 K 4:40; Imv. יְצֹק Ez 24:3; צַק 2 K 4:41; יִצְקוּ 1 K 18:34; Inf. צֶ֫קֶת Ex 38:27 Jb 38:38; Pt. pass. Jb 28:2 + 5 times; pl. יְצוּקִים 2 Ch 4:3; יְצֻקִים 1 K 7:24; יְצֻקוֹת v 30;— 1. pour, pour out, oil, in anointing, sq. acc. (שׁמן) + על Gn 28:18 (E), 35:14 (J); sq. מִשֶּׁמֶן + על Lv 8:12 (P); sq. על (שׁמן implied from context) Ex 29:7 (P), 1 S 10:1 2 K 9:3; sq. שֶׁמֶן + אֶל־ v 6; fig., c. רוּחִי + על Is 44:3; oil in sacrifice, + על Lv 2:1, 6 Nu 5:15; in cleansing, + על Lv 14:15, 26 (upon his palm; all P); oil into (על) vessels 2 K 4:4; water, for washing, + על 3:11; for drenching, + על 1 K 18:34; for boiling (into (בְ) the caldron), symbol., Ez 24:3; for satisfying thirst (fig.) + על Is 44:3; blood (of sacrifice) + אֶל־יְסוֹד Lv 8:15; 9:9 (P); pottage, for eating, 2 K 4:40, 41; cakes (לְבִבוֹת) 2 S 13:9; fig. of disease יָצוּק בּוֹ ψ 41:9 infused into him (al. less prob. as 3 molten, i. e. fixed upon). 2. cast (objects of metal) Ex 25:12; 26:37; 36:36; 37:3, 13; 38:5, 27 (all P), 1 K 7:46 = 2 Ch 4:17, 1 K 7:24, 30; 2 Ch 4:3. 3. Pt. pass. as adj. fig. cast, hard, of crocodile’s scales Jb 41:15; of crocodile’s heart v 16(×2) (as stone). 4. intrans. flow, pour, only וַיִּצֶ֫ק 1 K 22:35 (of blood), Jb 38:38 בְּצֶקֶת עָפָר לַמּוּצָק. Hiph. Impf. וַיַּצִּ֫קוּ 2 S 15:24; וַיַּצִּקֻם Jos 7:23; Pt. f. מֹי‌֯צָ֑קֶת 2 K 4:5;—pour (oil) 2 K 4:5, fig. of shekels of silver, etc., pour out Jos 7:23; of the ark, 2 S 15:24 set down (?); but read וַיַּצִּיגוּ (Dr Gr). Hoph. Pf. הוּצַק ψ 45:3; Impf. יוּצַק Lv 21:10 Jb 22:16; Pt. מוּצָ֑ק 1 K 7:23, 33 2 Ch 4:2 Jb 37:18; מֻצָק 11:15; cstr. מֻצַּק 1 K 7:16;— 1. be poured, subj. שֶׁמֶן, sq. על (in anointing), Lv 21:10 (H); fig. of foundation of wicked Jb 22:16, v. Di; of grace חֵן, on lips, ψ 45:3 (sq. ב), v. Che. 2. Pt. = cast, molten הים המ׳ 1 K 7:23 = 2 Ch 4:2, ראי Jb 37:18; as pred. 1 K 7:33; cstr. as subst. מֻֽצַּק נְחֹשֶׁת 1 K 7:16. 3. Pt., fig. firmly established, pred. of pers., וְהָיִיתָ מ׳ Jb 11:15 and thou shalt be established (‖ לֹא תִירָא). Cf. צוּק²" dir="rtl" >II צוק (p. 848).

† אֱמוּנָה n.f. firmness, steadfastness, fidelity Ex 17:12 + 46 times; אֱמוּנוֹת Pr 28:20. 1. lit. firmness, steadiness: Ex 17:12 וַיְהִי יָדָיו א׳ his hands were steadiness (i.e. steady). 2. steadfastness, אֱמוּנַת עִתֶּיךָ steadfastness of thy times Is 33:6. 3. faithfulness, trust: a. of human conduct ψ 37:3 Pr 12:22 Je 5:3; 7:28; 9:2; in office 2 K 12:16; 22:7 2 Ch 19:9; 31:12; 34:12; (על) בֶּאֱמוּנָה in trust (over) 1 Ch 9:22, 26, 31 2 Ch 31:15, 18; דֶּרֶךְ א׳ ψ 119:30; אִישׁ אֱמוּנוֹת man of great faithfulness Pr 28:20; associated with צֶדֶק in human character יָפִיחַ א׳ יַגִּיד צֶדֶק who breatheth out faithfulness sheweth forth righteousness Pr 12:17; cf. 1 S 26:23 Is 59:4 Je 5:1; צַדִּיק בֶּאֱמוּנָתוֹ יִחְיֶה a righteous man by his faithfulness liveth Hb 2:4 (> faith Luth AV RV). b. as a divine attribute ψ 88:12; 89:2, 3, 6, 9 Is 25:1 Ho 2:22 La 3:23; אֵל אֱמוּנָה Dt 32:4; his faithfulness is shewn in his works ψ 33:4; commands ψ 119:86; in affliction ψ 119:75; in his oath to David ψ 89:50; it reacheth unto the skies ψ 36:6; unto all generations ψ 100:5; 119:90; he will not belie it ψ 89:34. It is אֱמוּנָה אֹמֶן Is 25:1; cf. מְאֹד" dir="rtl" >אֱמוּנָה מְאֹד ψ 119:138. It is closely associated with the divine חֶסֶד mercy ψ 89:25; 92:3; 98:3 Ho 2:22; with the divine צֶדֶק, צְדָקָה ψ 96:13; 143:1 Is 11:5; & salvation ψ 40:11.

† צֵל n.m. ψ 144:4 shadow;—צ׳ abs. 2 K 20:9 +, cstr. Gn 19:8 +; sf. צִלְּךָ ψ 121:5, צִלּוֹ Ez 31:6 +, also צִלְלוֹ Jb 40:22, etc.; pl. צְלָלִים Ct 2:17; 4:6; cstr. צִלְלֵי Je 6:4;— 1. shadow on dial 2 K 20:9, 10(×2), 11 ‖ Is 38:8; צִלְלֵי־עָ֑רֶב Je 6:4, cf. Ct 2:17; 4:6; of mt. Ju 9:36. 2. shadow, shade, as protection (from sun): of branches, Ju 9:15 (in allegory), Ho 4:13; Jb 40:22; Jon 4:5, 6 and (in fig.) Ho 14:8; Ez 17:23; 31:6, 12, 17 ψ 80:11 Ct 2:3 (of refreshment, delight); of rock Is 32:2 (sim.); צ׳ קֹרָתִי Gn 19:8 shadow of my roof; of cloud Is 25:4 and (fig. of י׳’s protection 4:6; 25:4, so prob. 16:3; צ׳ כְּנָפֶיךָ shadow of thy wings, fig. of י׳’s protection ψ 17:8; 36:8; 57:2; 63:8; shade, in gen., Jb 7:2, fig. of י׳ ψ 121:5; hence = protection, defence, of city (wall) Je 48:45; of י׳ Nu 14:9 (JE), ψ 91:1 (v. also n.pr. בְּצַלְאֵל), cf. צֵל יָדוֹ Is 49:2 (covering prophet, under fig. of sword), 51:16 (covering people); of human ally Is 30:2, 3, of king La 4:20; also of wisdom Ec 7:12, money v 12.—בְּצִלָּהּ Is 34:15 appar. ref. to קִפּוֹז, but improb.; read perhaps בֵּצֶיהָ her eggs Du CheHpt. (CheHeb. Hpt. transp. וּבָֽקְעָה וְדָֽגְרָה). 3. shadow as symb. of transitoriness of life Jb 8:9; 14:2 ψ 144:4 (כְּצֵל עוֹבֵר), Ec 6:12; 8:13; כְּצֵל נָטוּי of an individ. life near its end ψ 102:12, so כְּצֵל כִּנְטוֹתוֹ 109:23; in sim. of emaciated members, וִיצֻרַי כַּצֵּל Jb 17:7.

סָמַךְ48 vb. lean, lay, rest, support (NH id.; Ph. in n.pr. Lzb 317, 329; Aramaic סְמַךְ, ܣܡܰܟ; also Ethiopic ((ሰመከ) አስመከ) cause to lean upon, etc. Di 335; Arabic سَمَكَ is be high, ascend, raise, uplift, سَمْكٌ roof);— Qal41 Pf. 3 ms. ס׳ Dt 34:9; Ez 24:2, וְסָמַךְ consec. Am 5:19 +; 3 fs. סָֽמְכָה ψ 88:8, sf. סְמָכָ֑תְהוֹ Is 59:16, סְמָכָ֑תְנִי 63:5, etc.; Impf. 3 ms. וַיִּסְמֹךְ Lv 8:14; Nu 27:23, sf. יִסְמְכֵ֫נִי ψ 3:6, etc.; Imv. ms. sf. סָמְכֵנִי ψ 119:116; Pt. act. סוֹמֵךְ Is 63:5 + 3 times; pl. cstr. סֹמְכֵי Ez 30:6 ψ 54:6; pass. סָמוּךְ Is 26:3 ψ 112:8; pl. סְמוּכִים 111:8;— 1. a. lean or lay hand upon (עַל־): Am 5:19; elsewhere in sacred rite: on head of sacrif. victim, as those who share in sacrif., Ex 29:10, 15, 19; Lv 1:4 + 12 times Lv, Nu 8:12 (all P), 2 Ch 29:23; so of Levites, presented to י׳ Nu 8:10 (P); on head of blasphemer Lv 24:14 (P; as witnesses of his guilt); on head of Joshua in consecration (Moses subj.) Nu 27:18, 23; Dt 34:9 (all P). b. intrans. ψ 88:8 thy wrath hath rested upon me (עָלַי); also סָמַךְ מֶלֶךְ־בָּבֶל אֶל־ Ez 24:2 hath leaned against, rested his weight upon, Jerusalem, i.e. invested (Toy), begun the siege of it. †2. support, uphold, sustain, only fig.: c. 2 acc. Gn 27:37 (J) with corn and must have I sustained him, provided sustenance for him, cf. (of י׳) ψ 51:14; uphold Egypt Ez 30:6; abs. Is 63:5; especially of י׳ upholding, sustaining Is 59:16; 63:5 ψ 3:6; 37:17, 24; 54:6 (on בְּ essentiae v. Ges§ 119 i, בְּ supr. 7 a), 119:116; 145:14; so pt. pass. ψ 111:8 they are sustained, i.e. maintained (י׳’s commands), סָמוּךְ לִבּוֹ 112:8 his heart is sustained, firm, and so יֵצֶר ס׳ Is 26:3. †Niph. Pf. 1 s. נִסְמַ֫כְתִּי ψ 71:6; 3 pl. נִסְמָ֑כוּ Is 48:2; Impf. יִסָּמֵךְ 2 K 18:21 Is 36:6, וַיִּסָּמֵךְ Ju 16:29; 3 mpl. וַיִּסָּֽמְכוּ 2 Ch 32:8;—reflex. support, or brace oneself, also c. עַל־: Ju 16:29 and he braced himself against (upon) them (the pillars): 2 K 18:21 (if) a man support himself on it (Egypt as a cracked reed) = Is 36:6; on cheering words 2 Ch 32:8; on God Is 48:2 ψ 71:6. †Pi. Imv. mpl. sf. + בְּ instr.: סַמְּכוּנִי Ct 2:5 sustain (refresh, revive) me with raisin-cakes.

[אוֹר43] vb. be or become light (cf. Arabic أَوَّرَ enkindle, Aramaic (Nasar.) ܐܘܪ Aph. illumine, & deriv. in Assyrian)— Qal Pf. אוֹר Gn 44:3 +; אֹ֫רוּ 1 S 14:29; Impf. 3 fpl. וַתָּאֹרְנָה 1 S 14:27 Qr; Pt. אוֹר Pr 4:18 (Ges§ 72 R. 1); Imv. fs. א֫וֹרִי Is 60:1;—become light, shine of sun (especially in early morn.) Gn 44:3 (J) 1 S 29:10 Pr 4:18 Is 60:1; of eyes (owing to refreshment) 1 S 14:27(Qr) 29. Niph. Impf. וַיֵּאֹר 2 S 2:32; Inf. c. לֵאוֹר Jb 33:30; Pt. נָאוֹר ψ 76:5—become lighted up of day-break 2 S 2:32; by light of life, revival Jb 33:30; by light of glory, enveloped in light ψ 76:5. Hiph. Pf. וְהֵאִיר Ex 25:37, etc.; Impf. יָאִיר Jb 41:24 +; יָאֵר Nu 6:25 +; וַיָּ֫אֶר ψ 118:27 +, etc.; Imv. הָאֵר ψ 80:20 +, הָאִ֫ירָה ψ 31:17 +; Inf. הָאִיר Gn 1:15 +; Pt. מֵאִיר Pr 29:13; מְאִירַת ψ 19:9; מְאִירוֹת Is 27:11— 1. give light, of sun, moon & stars Gn 1:15, 17 (P), of moon Is 60:19; of pillar of fire (sq. ל) Ex 13:21; 14:20 (both JE) ψ 105:39 Ne 9:12, 19; of sacred lamp Ex 25:37 Nu 8:2 (both P); fig. of the words of God ψ 119:130. 2. lightup, cause to shine, shine, sq. acc. הֵאִירוּ בְרָקִים תֵּבֵל lightnings lighted up the world ψ 77:19; 97:4; abs. הָאָרֶץ הֵאִירָה מִכְּבֹדוֹ Ez 43:2; the earth shined with his glory (of theophany); of leviathan, which makes path shine behind him Jb 41:24; לַיְלָה כַּיּוֹם יָאִיר night shineth as day ψ 139:12. 3. light a lamp ψ 18:29; wood Is 27:11; altar(-fire) Mal 1:10. 4. lighten, of the eyes, הָאִיר עֵינַיִם, subj. י׳, his law, etc. Pr 29:13 ψ 13:4; 19:9 Ezr 9:8. 5. make shine, of face of God יָאֵר י׳ פָּנָיו אֵלֶיךָ Yahweh make his face shine upon thee Nu 6:25 (priest’s blessing), reappearing ψ 31:17 (sq. עַל־), 67:2 (sq. אֶת־), 80:4, 8, 20; 119:135 (sq. ב), Dn 9:17 cf. ψ 4:7; without פָּנִים (sq. ל) ψ 118:27; once, of face of man, Ec 8:1 חָכַמַת אָדָם תָּאִיר פָּנָיו the wisdom of a man lighteth up his face.

[קוּם] vb. arise, stand (v. BH);—Pe Pf. 3 ms. קָם Dn 3:24, 3 mpl. קָ֫מוּ Ezr 5:2; Impf. 3 ms. יְקוּם Dn 6:20; 7:24, 3 fs. תְּקוּם 2:39, 44; 3 mpl. יְקוּמוּן 7:10, 17, 24 (יְקֻ׳); Imv. 2 fs. קוּמִי Dn 7:5; Pt. קָאֵם 2:31, pl. קאמין Kt, קָֽיְמִין Qr, 3:3, emph. קָֽאֲמַוָּא 7:16;— 1. arise Dn 3:24 (from throne), 6:20 (from bed). 2. come on scene of history: kingdom 2:39, king 7:17, 24 (both מִן of source), v 24. 3. arise (out of inaction), and build Ezr 5:2, devour Dn 7:5b. 4. stand, lit., לָקֳבֵל pers. 2:31, cf. 3:3, קֱדָם pers. 7:10; pt. as n., those standing (there) v 16. 5. endure, of kingdom 2:44. Pa. set up, establish an ordinace (קְיָם): Inf. לְקַיָּמָה 6:8. Haph. (K§ 45, 4) Pf. 3 ms. הֲקֵים Dn 3:2 +, וַהֲקִים 6:2, sf. הֱקִימֵהּ 5:11, אֲקִימֵהּ 3:1; 3 fs. הֱקִמַת 7:5; 2 ms. הֲקֵימְתָּ 3:12, 18; 1 s. הֲקֵ֫ימֶת לָא 3:14; Impf. 3 ms. יְהָקֵים (K§ 45, b)) 5:21; 6:16, יְקִים 2:44; 4:14; Inf. sf. לַהֲקָמוּתֵהּ 6:4; Pt. act. מְהָקֵים 2:21;— 1. set up, lit. image 3:1, 2, 3(×2), 5, 7, 12, 14, 18; fig. kings 2:21, kingdom v 44. 2. lift up one side 7:5a (Dr). 3. establish, c. acc. קְיָם 6:16 (= Pa.), אֱסָרָא v 9. 4. appopint Ezr 6:18, 2 acc. Dn 5:11; sf. pers. + עַל 6:4, ל acc. pers. + עַל 4:14; 5:21; 6:2. Hoph. Pf. 3 fs. הֳקִימַת (variants in Str; cf. K§ 45, 5; not Hebraism Nö GGA 1867, 1784; WCG 225, 253) 7:4 be made to stand עַל־רָגְלַיִן.

† גַּל n.m. Gn 31:48 heap, wave, billow (as rolled together, rolling, rolling up), also spring, MT Ct 4:12 cf. 3 infr.—abs. גַּל Jb 8:17 + 5 times (incl. הַגַּל Gn 31:48 +); גָּ֑ל Gn 31:46; הַגָּ֑ל Gn 31:46; לַגָּ֑ל Is. 25:2; cstr. גַּל־ Jos 7:26 + 2 times + Gn 31:47, 48 q.v. infr.; pl. גַּלִּים 2 K 19:25 + 6 times; cstr. גַּלֵּי־ Is 48:18; sf. גַּלָּיו ψ 89:10 + 6 times; גַּלֵּיהֶם ψ 65:8 + 2 times;— 1. heap of stones, a. ג׳ אבנים raised (הקים) over dead body Jos 7:26; 8:29; cf. 2 S 18:17 (c. הִצִּיב). b. גַּל alone Jb 8:17 (roots wrapped about it). c. heap or pile made (עשׂה) for use in ratifying compact of Jacob with Laban Gn 31:46(×2), 48, 51, 52(×3) cf. also גַּלְעֵד" dir="rtl" >גַּלְעֵד n.pr. d. heap of ruins Is 25:2; elsewhere pl. Ho 12:12 2 K 19:25 = Is 37:26 Jb 15:28 Jer. 9:10; 51:37. 2. waves (rollers) poet., only pl., waves of sea Je 5:22; 31:35 Is 51:15 Jb 38:11 ψ 65:8; 89:10; 107:25, 29; cf. also in simile Ez 26:3 Is 48:18 (גַּלֵּי־הַיָּם); fig. of chastisements from י׳ ψ 42:8 (‖ מִשְׁבָּרִים) Jon 2:3 (‖ id.); of army of Babylon’s conqueror Je 51:42, 55; cf. Zc 10:11 (VB; but BevJPh. xviii. 88 proposes גִּבְלִים cf. Ez 27:9). 3. spring, Ct 4:12 גַּן נָעוּל אֲחוֹתִי כַּלָּ֑ה גַּל נָעוּל מַעְיָן חָתוּם a garden barred (is) my sister, bride, a spring barred, a fountain sealed; but גַּן for גַּל 𝔊 𝔖 𝔙.

† [הָמָה] vb. murmur, growl, roar, be boisterous (𝔗 הֲמָא, but rare, and perhaps not genuine Aramaic; cf. Arabic هَمْهَمَ murmur);— Qal Pf. 3 mpl. הָמוּ ψ 46:7 + 2 times; וְהָמוּ consec. Je 5:22 + 2 times; Impf. יֶהֱמֶה Jr 6:23 + 3 times; 2 fs. תֶּהֱמִי ψ 42:12; 43:5; וַתֶּהֱמִי 42:6; אֶהֱמֶה 55:18; אֶהֱמָ֑יָה 77:4; יֶהֱמוּ 46:4 + 3 times; וַיֶּהֱמוּ Is 51:15; Je 31:35; יֶהֱמָיוּ֑ן ψ 39:7 + 2 times; 1 pl. נֶהֱמֶה Is 59:11; Inf. הֲמוֹת Is 17:12; Pt. הֹמֶה Pr 20:1 Je 4:19; f. הוֹמָה 1 K 1:41, הֹמִיָּה Pr 7:11; 9:13, הוֹמִיָּה Is 22:2; fpl. הֹמִיּוֹת Pr 1:21, הֹמוֹת Ez 7:16 (Co הַמָּוֶת cf. 𝔊 𝔖);— 1. growl like a dog כַּכָּ֑לֶב ψ 59:7, 15, subj. wicked men; groan (in distress, lamentation), like bears כַּדֹּבִים Is 59:11 (‖ הגה כיונה); of doves (also in sim.) Ez 7:16 cf. Da (si vera l., vid. supr.). 2. murmur, fig. of soul (נֶפֶשׁ) in discouragement ψ 42:6, 12; 43:5; in prayer 55:18; 77:4 (both ‖ אָשִׂיחָה); also subj. מֵעִים, of the thrill of deep-felt compassion or sympathy, sq. לְ of person pitied, Je 31:20 (‖ רחם ארחמנו), sq. עַל, Ct 5:4; further כַּכִּנּוֹר, like the lyre (zither) Is 16:11; כַּחֲלִילִים, like flutes, subj. לֵב Je 48:36 (sq. לְ) v 36 (sq. אֶל); cf. Je 4:19 לִבִּי הֹמֶה־לִי. 3. roar, of waves, subj. גַּלִּים Je 5:22; 31:35 Is 51:15 cf. ψ 46:4; sim. of roar of multitudes Is 17:12 Je 6:23; 50:42; metaph. id., Je 51:55; be tumultuous, of peoples ψ 46:7 (‖ מָטוּ); 83:3 (‖ נָֽשְׂאוּ רֹאשׁ). 4. be in commotion, stir, of city 1 K 1:41 Is 22:2; so pt. fpl. as subst. רֹאשׁ הֹמִיּוֹת Pr 1:21 head of stirring, bustling streets (‖ פתתי שׁערים); of man, אַךְ־הֶבֶל יֶהֱמָי֑וּן ψ 39:7 surely to no purpose they bustle about (‖ אַךְ־בְּצֶלֶם יִתְהַלֶּךְ־אִישׁ). 5. be boisterous, turbulent, as with wine Zc 9:15 (but read perhaps דָּמָם, cf. FiHexapl. ii. 3, 1024 KloTh LZ, 1879, 564 StaZAW 1881, 18); also pt. as adj., of שֵׁכָר (by meton.) Pr 20:1; of shameless woman Pr 7:11; 9:13.

† [יָצַת] vb. kindle, burn (intr.) (NH id. (rare))— Qal Impf. 3 fs. וַתִּצַּת Is 9:17; יִצַּ֑תּוּ 33:12 Je 51:58 (Köi 431); 3 fpl. תִּצַּתְנָה Je 49:2;—kindle, intr., fig. of wickedness, Is 9:17; sq. בָּאֵשׁ be kindled with fire (= set on fire), of thorns (in sim.) 33:12, Je 49:2 (of dependent towns and villages of Rabbah, under fig. of daughters), 51:58 (of gates of Babylon). Niph. Pf. נִצְּתָה 2 K 22:13 Je 9:11 + 2:15 Kt (Qr נִצְּתוּ); וְנִצְּתָה consec. 2 K 22:17 Je 46:19; נִצְּתוּ Ne 1:3 + 2 times + Je 2:15 Qr (cf. supr.);—be kindled, fig. of wrath of י׳, 2 K 22:13, 17; be burned, of gates of Jerusalem, sq. בָּאֵשׁ, Ne 1:3; 2:17; = desolated Je 2:15 (of cities of Israel), cf. 46:19, 9:9 (of mountains and pastures); of land 9:11 (‖ אָֽבְדָה). Hiph. Pf. הִצִּית Je 11:16; 1 s. וְהִצַּתִּי consec. Je 17:27 + 5 times; והוציתיה 2 S 14:30 Kt; (וְהַצִּיתוּהָ Imv., Ges§ 71 Köi 431); הִצִּיתוּ v 31 Je 51:30; וְהִצִּיתוּ consec. 32:29; Impf. וִיַּצֶּת־ La 4:11; אֲצִיתֶנָּה Is 27:4 (read אַצִּיתֶנָּה Köl.c. Gesl.c.); וַיַּצִּיתוּ Jos 8:19 + 2 times; תַּצִּיתוּ v 8; Imv. 2 S 14:30 Qr, cf. supr.; Pt. מַצִּית Ez 21:3;—kindle, set on fire, sq. acc., עִיר + בָּאֵשׁ Jos 8:8, 19 (JE), Je 32:29 (+ שׂרף); field of corn, + בָּאֵשׁ 2 S 14:30(×2), 31; dwellings (no באשׁ) Je 51:30, cf. also Ju 9:49; also sq. acc. אֵשׁ + prep. על, Je 11:16 (of Jerusalem under fig. of olive-tree); elsewhere + בְּ, Am 1:14, והצתי אשׁ ב׳ (hence Je 17:27; 21:14; 43:12; 49:27; 50:32) La 4:11 Ez 21:3.

† שָׁטַף vb. overflow, rinse or wash off (NH id., so J.Aram. שְׁטַף; Assyrian šaṭâpu, overflow, Arabic سطف id., Cuche);— Qal Pf. 3 ms. שׁ׳ Is 8:8 +, etc.; Impf. 3 ms. וַיִּשְׁטֹף 1 K 22:38, etc.; Pt. שׁוֹטֵף Is 10:22 +, pl. שֹׁטְפִים Is 28:2;— 1. overflow, of river Is 8:8; Je 47:2a (v. נַחַל), Dn 11:10, 40, all fig. of invading army, cf. Is 28:15 (qy. by StaThLZ, Apr. 1894, 235, Du Marti read שׁוֹט שֹׁטֵט), v 18 (v. שׁוֹט), also (sim. of י׳ in judgment) v 2 (מַיִם), 30:28, of judicial destruction, שׁוֹטֵף צְדָקָה Is 10:22; c. acc. of land Je 47:2b, pers. (fig.) Is 43:2 (נְהָרוֹת), ψ 69:3 (שִׁבֹּלֶת), v 16 (שׁ׳ מַיִם), 124:4 (מַיִם), cf. Is 28:17 Ct 8:7; גֶּשֶׁם שׁוֹטֵף flooding rain (of י׳’s judgment) Ez 13:11, 13; 38:22; נַחַל שׁוֹטֵף Is 66:12, sim., in good sense.—Abs. Dn 11:26 v. Niph.—Fig. of dashing, rushing horse, כְּסוּס שׁוֹ׳ בַּמִּלְחָמָה Je 8:6. 2. flow, run, lit. of נַחַל ψ 78:20 2 Ch 32:4. 3. lit., rinse or wash off, c. acc. of thing washed 1 K 22:38, יָדָיו בַּמָּ֑יִם Lv 15:11 (P); of stain Ez 16:9 (מֵעָלַיִךְ; ‖ רָחַץ); עֲפַר־אָ֑רֶץ Jb 14:19. Niph. Impf. 3 ms. יִשָּׁטֵף בַּמַּיִם Lv 15:12 be rinsed out, off (P; of wooden vessel); 3 mpl. יִשָּֽׁטְפוּ מִלְּפָנָיו Dn 11:22 be swept away (defeated), read prob. יִשָּׁטֵף (for יִשְׁטֹף), also v 26 (cf. Dr). Pu. Pf. 3 ms. וּמֹרַק וְשֻׁטַּף בַּמָּ֑יִם Lv 6:21 (P) it shall be scoured and rinsed.

σκότος, ὁ, more rarely σκότος, εος, τό (see. entry near the end), darkness, gloom, Refs 8th c.BC+; opposed to φάος, Refs 5th c.BC+; opposed to ἡμέρα, Refs 5th c.BC+ __2 in Refs 8th c.BC+ always of the darkness of death, mostly in phrase τὸν δὲ σ. ὄσσε κάλυψεν Refs; so in Trag. and Comedy texts, σκότῳ θανεῖν Refs 5th c.BC+; ἤδη με περιβάλλει σ. Refs 5th c.BC+; σκότον εἶναι τεθνηκότος (i.e. Αἰσχύλου) Refs 5th c.BC+ __3 of the nether world, Refs 5th c.BC+; παῖδες ἀρχαίου ΣκότουRefs 5th c.BC+ __4 the darkness of the womb, φυγόντα μητρόθεν σκότον Refs 4th c.BC+ __5 of blindness, σκότου νέφος Refs 5th c.BC+; βλέποντα νῦν μὲν ὄρθ᾽, ἔπειτα δὲ σκότον, i.e. μηδέν,Refs 5th c.BC+ __5.b dizziness, vertigo, Refs 5th c.BC+; compare σκοτόδινος, -δινιάω. __6 metaphorically, σκότῳ κρύπτειν hide in darkness, Refs 5th c.BC+; σκότον ἔχειν to be in darkness, obscurity, Refs 5th c.BC+; ἀπορία καὶ σ. Refs 5th c.BC+ it is dark and uncertain, Refs 5th c.BC+ __7 of a person, Μητρότιμος ὁ σ., like{ὁ σκοτεινός}, the mystery-man, Refs 6th c.BC+; also, darkness, i.e. ignorance, Refs 4th c.BC+; deceit, σ. καὶ ἀπάτη Refs 5th c.BC+ __8 plural, σκότη shadows in a picture, Refs 2nd c.AD+ regarded the masculine as the Attic dialect form: the neuter never occurs in Refs 5th c.BC+, and is nowhere required by the metre in Trag., though it sometimes occurs in codices, Refs 5th c.BC+; it is found, however, without variant, in Refs 5th c.BC+ and Attic dialect Prose, Refs 5th c.BC+; the word is always neuter in LXX and “NT.” σκοτί-α, ἡ, (σκότος) darkness, gloom, NT+3rd c.BC+ __II in Architecture, scotia, cavetto, a sunken moulding, so called from the dark shadow it casts, Refs 1st c.BC+ __III Σκοτιά, epithet of Aphrodite in Egypt, Refs

† [רָעַשׁ] vb. quake, shake, intr. (NH = BH, so Aramaic ܪܥܰܫ (rare), and (once) רְעַשׁ toss, rage (of sea); Arabic رَعَسَ, usually رَعِشَ, رَعَشَ (loan-word?), tremble, quiver, quake; cf. perhaps Assyrian rêšu exult);— Qal Pf. 3 fs. רָֽעֲשָׁה Je 8:16; 49:21, רָעָ֑שָׁה Ju 5:4 ψ 68:9; 3 pl. רָעֲשׁוּ Jo 2:10 +, etc. Impf. 3 ms. יִרְעַשׁ ψ 72:16, 3 fpl. תִּרְעַשְׁנָה Ez 26:10, etc.; Pt. pl. רֹעֲשִׁים Je 4:24;—quake, shake, of earth Ju 5:4 = ψ 68:9, 2 S 22:8 (‖ רגז = ψ 18:8 (‖ id.), ψ 77:19 (+ רגז), also Is 13:13 (c. עַל־כֵּן, + מִמְּקוֹמוֹ, pregn.; ‖ רָגַז), Je 51:29; c. מִן caus. Je 8:16; 10:10; 49:21; of מוֹסְדֵי אָ֑רֶץ Is 24:18; of heavens Jo 2:10 (לִפְנֵי caus.; ‖ רָגַז); heavens and earth 4:16; mts. Je 4:24 Na 1:5 (מִן pers. caus.), ψ 46:4 (ב caus.); walls Ez 26:10 (מִן caus.); אִיִּים v 15 (id.); מִגְרשׁוֹת 27:28 (ל caus.); הַסִּפִּים Am 9:1; all living things Ez 38:20 (מִפָּנַי caus.); of waving grain ψ 72:16. Niph. נִרְעֲשָׁה הָאָרֶץ Je 50:46 is made to quake (מִקּוֹל). Hiph. Pf. 2 ms. הִרְעַשְׁתָּה ψ 60:4; 1 s. הִרְעַשְׁתִּי 31:16; וְהִר׳ consec. Hg 2:7; Impf. 2 ms. sf. 3 ms. (הֲ)תַרְעִישֶׁנּוּ Jb 39:20; Pt. מַרְעִישׁ Is 14:16 + 2 times;— 1. cause to quake, subj. י׳, c. acc. of heavens, earth, nations, etc., Hg 2:6, 7, 21, cf. ψ 60:4; nations + מִקּוֹל Ez 31:16; subj. man, c. acc. of kingdoms Is 14:16 (‖ מַרְגִּיז). 2. cause (horse) to spring, leap (like locust), man subj., Jb 39:20.

† בָּרָד n.m. Ex 9:18 hail (Arabic بَرَدٌ, Aramaic בְּרַד, ܒܰܪܕܳܐ; also Sab. ברדם, cold DHMZMG 1875, 607)—בָּרָד Ex 9:18 + 28 times;—hail, c. המטיר י׳ Ex 9:18, 23, c. נתן י׳ 9:23; also Ex 9:19, 22, 24, 25, 25, 26; 10:5, 12, 15; ‖ קֹלֹת thunder Ex 9:23, 28, 29, 33, ‖ קֹלֹת & מָטָר Ex 9:34, ‖ אשׁ lightning 9:24; all JE, Egyptian plague; cf. ψ 78:47, 48; 105:32; another great hailstorm Jos 10:11 (E), where אַבְנֵי הַבּ׳; further, in theoph ψ 18:13 (‖ גחלי־אשׁ) 2 S 22:13 om. by error; del. however in ψ 18:14 cf. De Che etc.; אוצרות ב׳ Jb 38:22, אשׁ וב׳ שׁלג וקיטור ψ 148:8, ירקון וב׳ Hg 2:17; in sim. Is 28:2 זרם ב׳ שׁער; fig. Is 28:17; 30:30 (אבן ב׳)—fig. of judgment of י׳.

† [כָּבָה] vb. be quenched, extinguished, go, out, of fire or lamp (NH id.; Aramaic כְּבָא light of eyes; Arabic كَبَا id.)— Qal Pf. 3 pl. כָּבוּ Is 43:17; Impf. יִכְבֶּה 1 S 3:3; Pr 21:18; 3 fs. תִּכְבֶּה Lv 6:5 + 10 times; Inf. cstr. כְּבוֹתְךָ Ez 32:7 𝔊 𝔖 𝔙 Co (MT כַּבּ׳ Pi.)—be quenched, extinguished (c. neg. except 1 S 3:3; Pr 26:20; Is 43:17), of lamp (נֵר אֱלֹהִים) in sanctuary 1 S 3:3; of altar-fire Lv 6:5, 6; of נֵרָהּ Pr 31:18; of bodies of renegade Israelites Is 66:24 (cf. גֵּיא בֶן־הִנֹּם); subj. אֵשׁ fig. of contention Pr 26:20; fig. subj. fire kindled by י׳ Ez 21:3, 4; subj. wrath (חֵמָה) of י׳ 2 K 22:17 = 2 Ch 34:25; Je 7:20; wrath under fig. of fire (אֵשׁ) Je 17:27; so of burning land of Edom Is 34:10; of annihilation of Yahweh’s enemies Is 43:17 (כַּפִּשְׁתָּה; ‖ דָּעַךְ), cf. Pharaoh Ez 32:7 (v. supr.) Pi. Pf. וְכִבּוּ consec. 2 S 14:7; Impf. 3 ms. sf. יְכַבֶּנָּה Is 42:3; 2 ms. תְּכַבֶּה 2 S 21:17; וַיְכַבּוּ 2 Ch 29:7; Inf. כַּבּוֹת Ct 8:7; also MT כַּבּוֹתְךָ Ez 32:7 (but cf. supr.); Pt. מְכַבֶּה Is 1:31 + 3 times;—quench, extinguish, fig. except 2 Ch 29:7 (of extinguishing lamps, נֵרוֹת, in temple); sq. נֵר יִשְׂרָאֵל (fig. for life of David) 2 S 21:17; sq. גַּחַלְתִּי (coal = family-hope) 2 S 14:7 (of killing widow’s only son); sq. פִּשְׁתָּה כֵהָה Is 42:3 dimly-burning wick (fig. of spiritually weak); implied obj. ref. to wrath of י׳ Am 5:6 Je 4:4; 21:12; to people and idols Is 1:31; sq. love אַהֲבָה Ct 8:7 (subj. מַּיִם רַבִּים) Ez 32:7 cf. supr.

† [מָסַס] vb. dissolve, melt, intr. (𝔗 מְסַס; cf. מסה, and II. מאס);— Qal Inf. cstr. מְסֹס נֹסֵס Is 10:18; like the melting (wasting away) of a נֹסֵס (q.v.) Niph. Pf. וְנָמֵס consec. Ez 21:12; וְנָמָ֑ס Ex 16:21 ψ 112:10; נָמַ֫סּוּ ψ 97:5 + 2 times; Impf. יִמַּס Dt 20:8 +; וַיִּמַּסּוּ Ju 15:14; Inf. abs. הִמֵּס 2 S 17:10; cstr. id. ψ 68:3; Pt. נָמֵס ψ 22:15 + 2 times;— 1. melt (intr.) of manna Ex 16:21; wax ψ 68:3 (sim. of wicked); manacles Ju 15:14 (=vanished, dropped off); wicked ψ 112:10 (melt away); especially of hills and mts. Mi 1:4 ψ 97:5 Is 34:3. 2. most often fig. of heart=faint, grow fearful, Na 2:11 2 S 17:10(×2) Dt 20:8 (Ges§ 121 b) Jos 2:11; 5:2; 7:5 Is 13:7; 19:1 Ez 21:12 ψ 22:15. 3. Pt.=wasted, consumptive (?), 1 S 15:9 (‖ נְמִבְזָה, read נִבְזָה v. בזה Niph.) נִמְאֶסֶת worthless, lit. rejected (v. מאס Niph.) Hiph. Pf. 3 pl. הֵמַסּוּ אֶת־לְבָבֵנוּ Dt 1:28 cause to melt (=intimidate).

† [שָׂגַב] vb. be (inaccessibly) high (cf. 𝔗 שְׂגַב Pa. [from Heb.] exalt);— Qal Pf. 1. 3 fs. שָֽׂגְבָה Dt 2:36, of city, c. מִן, be (too) high for capture. 2. 3 mpl. שָֽׂגְבוּ Jb 5:11 of pers., be high in prosperity. Niph. Pf. 3 ms. נִשְׂגַּב Is 2:11, 17; נִשְׂגָּ֑ב Pr 18:10; 3 fs. נִשְׂגְּבָה ψ 139:6; Pt. נִשְׂגָּב Is 12:4 +; fs. נִשְׂגָּבָה Is 26:5; +;— 1. be high, walls Is 30:13; Pr 18:11; city Is 26:5; God’s knowledge ψ 139:6 (unattainable). 2. be (safely) set on high, Pr 18:10. 3. be exalted, of God Is 2:11, 17; 33:5; his name 12:4 ψ 148:13. Pi. Impf. 3 ms. יְשַׂגֵּב Is 9:10 ψ 107:41; sf. יְשַׂגֶּבְךָ 20:2, etc.;—trans. c. acc.: 1. set (securely) on high, ψ 20:2; 69:30; 91:14; c. מִן, of foe 59:2, affliction 107:41. 2. exalt, in effective hostility, c. עַל, Is 9:10. Pu. Impf. 3 ms. יְשֻׂגָּ֑ב Pr 29:25 be set (securely) on high. Hiph. Impf. 3 ms. יַשְׂגִּיב Jb 36:22 God acts exaltedly בְּכֹחוֹ.

† בָּרָק n.m. Ez 1:13 lightning (chiefly in poetry) (Arabic بَرْقٌ, Assyrian birḳu COTGloss, ZimBP 76, 82 Aramaic בְּרַק, ܒܰܪܩܳܐ )—abs. ב׳ Jb 20:25 + 7 times + 2 S 22:15 (cf. infr.); cstr. בְּרַק Dt 32:41 + 2 times; pl. בְּרָקִים Ex 19:16 + 7 times, בְּרָקָיו ψ 97:4;—lightning, 1. lit. mostly pl. = lightnings, lightning-flashes Ex 19:16 ψ 18:15 (in theoph., on 2 S 22:15 v. infr.) 77:19; 97:4; 135:7 Jb 38:35 Je 10:13; 51:16; so in sim. of swift brightness Na 2:5, sg. only ψ 144:6 2 S 22:15 (where however read בְּרָקִים בָּרַק cf. בָּרַק—so 𝔊L Klo Che, cf. his crit. n. ψ 18:15), Ez 1:13 (in vision), and in sim. of brightness Dn 10:6; swift destruction Zc 9:14. 2. fig. (always sing.) of flashing arrow-head Jb 20:25, cf. ב׳ חרב Dt 32:41, ב׳ חנית Na 3:3 Hb 3:11; cf. glitter of weapon Ez 21:15, 20, 33.

† מָאוֹר n.m. luminary—abs. Gn 1:16 +; cstr. מְאוֹר Pr 15:30 +; pl. מְאוֹרֹת Gn 1:15; מְאֹרֹת v 14, 16; cstr. מְאוֹרֵי Ez 32:8—light, light-bearer, luminary, lamp, of sun & moon Gn 1:14, 15, 16(×3) (P) Ez 32:8; moon ψ 74:16; מְנֹרַת הַמָּאוֹר the lamp-stand of the luminary or light (where הַמּ׳ is sum of seven sacred lamps on golden lamp-stand) Ex 35:14(×2), 28; 39:37 Nu 4:9, 16, cf. Ex 25:6; 27:20; 35:8 Lv 24:2 (all P); מְאוֹר־עֵינַיִם יְשַׂמַּח־לֵב֑ Pr 15:30 the luminary of the eyes (= the eyes as a lamp) gives the light of joy to the heart; מְאוֹר פָּנֶיךָ ψ 90:8 the luminary of thy face (thy face as a lamp) in the light of which the secrets are exposed.

† זָרַח vb. rise, come forth (NH id., Assyrian zarâḫu DlPr180; Sab. דֿרח lofty, majestic (of king) and in cpd. n.pr. DHMZMG 1875, 605; 1883, 327 MordtZMG 1876, 37)— Qal Pf. ז׳ Dt 33:2 ψ 112:4; זָרָ֑ח Is 60:1; וְזָרַח consec. Is 58:10 Ec 1:5; 3 fs. זָרְֽחָה Ex 22:2 + 3 times; וְזָֽרְחָה consec. Mal 3:20; Impf. יִזְרַח 2 S 23:4 Is 60:2; יִזְרָ֑ח Jb 9:7; וַיִּזְרַח Gn 32:32; 3 fs. תִּזְרַח ψ 104:22; Inf. cstr. זְרֹחַ Ju 9:33 Jo 4:8; Pt. זוֹרֵחַ Ec 1:5;— 1. rise: a. (of sun) Ju 9:33 Na 3:17 2 S 23:4 Jon 4:8 Jb 9:7 ψ 104:22 Ec 1:5(×2); sq. על Ex 22:2 (JE), 2 K 3:22; sq. לְ Gn 32:32 (J). b. fig., sq. לְ, שֶׁמֶשׁ צְדָקָה Mal 3:20; of י׳, וְזָרַח מִשֵּׂעִיר לָמוֹ Dt 33:2; sq. על, Is 60:2 (‖ כבודו יראה); כבוד י׳ Is 60:1; subj. אוֹר, fig. (= happiness, blessedness) Is 58:10 ψ 112:4 (sq. לְ). 2. come out, appear, of appearance of leprosy (הַצָּרַ֫עַת) 2 Ch 26:19.

† חָשַׁךְ vb. be, grow dark (NH id.; Aramaic חֲשַׁךְ, ܚܫܶܟ; Arabic حَسِكَ bear rancour, v. LagBN 30)— Qal Pf. ח׳ Is 5:30 + 4 times; וְחָֽשְׁכָה consec. Mi 3:6 (but v. infr.); חָֽשְׁכוּ La 5:17; וְחָֽשְׁכוּ consec. Ec 12:3; Impf. 3 fs. תֶּחְשַׁךְ Ec 12:2; וַתֶּחְשַׁךְ Ex 10:15; 3 mpl. יֶחְשְׁכוּ Jb 3:9; 3 fpl. תֶּחְשַׁכְנָה ψ 69:24;— 1. be, grow dark, אוֹר Is 5:30, cf. (fig.) Jb 18:6; הַשֶּׁמֶשׁ Is 13:16 (fig.); היום Ez 30:18 (where read חשׁך, for MT Baer חשׂך); Jb 3:9 (subj. כוכבים), cf. Ec 12:2 (subj. השׁמשׁ, האור, הירח, הכוכבים); impers. Mi 3:6 (si vera l.; but read prob. וַחֲשֵׁכָה, corresponding with לַיְלָה preceding). 2. have a dark colour: ח׳ מִשְּׁחוֹר תָּֽאֳרָם La 4:8 darker than blackness is their visage; of the earth הָאָרֶץ Ex 10:15. 3. grow dim La 5:17 (subj. עינינו), cf. ψ 69:24 (fig.), Ec 12:3 subj. הָרֹאוֹת i.e. the eyes Hiph. Pf. הֶחְשִׁיךְ Am 5:8, וְהַחֲשַׁכְתִּ֫י Am 8:9; Impf. יַחֲשִׁיךְ ψ 139:12; יַחְשִׁךְ Je 13:16; וַיַּחְשִׁךְ ψ 105:28; Pt. מַחְשִׁיךְ Jb 38:2;— 1. make dark, יום לילה הח׳ Am 5:8; abs. cause darkness Je 13:16 ψ 105:28, cf. Am 8:9 (לארץ). 2. = hide, conceal, sq. מִמֶּךָּ ψ 139:12. 3. fig. obscure, confuse Jb 38:2 (obj. עֵצָה).

† [נָטַף] vb. drop, drip, fig. (especially of prophet) discourse (NH id.; 𝔗 נְטַף drop, drip; Syriac ܢܛܰܦ drip, ܛܘܽܦܬܳܐ drop (NöSyriac Gr. § 105) etc.; Arabic نَطَفَ id.; Ethiopic ነጥበ id., ነጠፈ colare (stillando), expercolare);— Qal Pf. 3 mpl. נָֽטְפוּ Ju 5:4 + 2 times; נָטָ֑פוּ Ju 5:4; Impf. 3 fs. תִּטֹּף Jb 29:22; 3 mpl. יִטְּפוּ Jo 4:18; 3 fpl. תִּטֹּפְנָה Pr 5:3 Ct 4:11; Pt. נֹטְפוֹת Ct 5:13;—drop, drip, usually trans., c. acc., of clouds dropping water (מַיִם), in storm Ju 5:4, ‖ heavens v 4 (obj. om.), ψ 68:9 (id.; all theoph); of hands dripping myrrh (מוֹר) Ct 5:5; in predict. יִטְּפוּ עָסִיס Jo 4:18 the mts. shall drip must; fig. of (seductive) speech נֹפֶת תִּטּ׳ Pr 5:3 the lips of the strange woman drop honey, so perhaps Ct 4:11 (Bu of kisses); שִׂפְתוֹתָיו נ׳ מוֹר 5:13 his lips drip myrrh (perhaps of sweet breath). Intrans. only עָלֵימוֹ תִּטֹּף מִלָּתִי Jb 29:22 upon them my speech used to drop. Hiph. Pf. 3 mpl. וְהִטִּיפוּ consec. Am 9:13; Impf. 2 ms. תַּטִּיף Am 7:16; 1 s. אַטִּף Mi 2:11; 3 mpl. יַטִּיפ֑וּן v 6; 2 mpl. תַּטִּיפוּ v 6, תַּטִּפוּ v 6; Pt. מַטִּיף Mi 2:11; Inf. הַטֵּף Ez 21:2;— 1. drip, וְהִטּ׳ עָסִיס Am 9:13 shall drip must (= Qal Jo 4:18). 2. of speech, especially prophecy, discourse: c. עַל against, Am 7:16 (‖ הִנָּבֵא), c. אֶל־ toward, Ez 21:2 (‖ id.), v 7 (‖ id.); c. ל concerning Mi 2:11 cf. v 11;—אַל־תַּטִּפוּ יַטִּיפ֑וּן לֹא־יַטִּפוּ לָאֵלֶּה Mi 2:6 ‘talk not’—so they talk—‘they (read ye?) shall not talk of these things’ (where תַּטּ׳, יַטִּפוּ ref. to prophets).

† שָׁאוֹן n.m. Ho 10:14 roar (of waters, etc.), din, crash, uproar;—abs. שׁ׳ Ho 10:14 +; cstr. שְׁאוֹן Is 13:4 +; sf. שְׁאוֹנָהּ 5:14;— 1. roar of water (waves), Is 17:12 (‖ הָמָה), sim. of noise of invading host, so v 13, but del. Du CheHpt. Marti, as doublet; roar of this host v 12 (‖ הָמוֹן), cf. שְׁאוֹן קוֹלָם Je 51:55; of waves also ψ 65:8(×2); of din or crash of battle Am 2:2 Ho 10:14 ψ 74:23; בְּנֵי שׁ׳ Je 48:45 (i.e. warriors); of battle in which י׳ beats down his foes Je 25:31, cf. Is 66:6; of gathering hosts Is 13:4; שׁ׳ זָרִים 25:5 (Du Marti, plausibly, גְּאוֹן זֵדֵים, as 13:11); read שׁ׳ also prob. (for שַׁאֲנָן, q.v.) 2 K 19:28 = Is 37:29; in mocking appell. of Pharaoh (Necho), Je 46:17 פ׳ (𝔊 𝔖 𝔙) קִרְאוּ שֵׁם call ye the name of Ph. a Crash. 2. uproar of revellers Is 5:14; 24:8.—בּוֹר שׁ׳ ψ 40:3, pit of roaring (of waters? fig., cf. מַעֲמַקֵּי־מַיִם 69:3, where also ‖ יָוֵן); Thes al. of destruction (v. √ 2), but against usage of שָׁאוֹן; > Du proposes בּוֹר שָׁוְא (cf. נָפַת שָׁוְא Is 30:28).

σκοτί-α, ἡ, (σκότος) darkness, gloom, NT+3rd c.BC+ __II in Architecture, scotia, cavetto, a sunken moulding, so called from the dark shadow it casts, Refs 1st c.BC+ __III Σκοτιά, epithet of Aphrodite in Egypt, Refs

† מוּג vb. melt (𝔗 מוּג Ithp., ψ 46:7; 107:26; cf. Arabic مَاجَ surge (of the sea), Qor 18:99; مَوْجٌ a wave);— Qal Impf. 3 fs. תָּמוּג ψ 46:7; וַתָּמוֹג Am 9:5; 2 ms. sf. וַתְּמוּגֵ֫נוּ Is 64:6 (but read prob. וַתְּמַגְּנֵנוּ, v. [מָגַן] p. 171 supr., and cf. Di > Du תְּמוֹגְגֵנוּ); Inf. לָמוּג Ez 21:20;— 1. melt, subj. אֶרֶץ, at touch of י׳ Am 9:5; at voice of י׳ ψ 46:7; = faint (of heart), Ez 21:20. 2. trans. cause to melt Is 64:6 (but v. supr.) Niph. Pf. נָמוֹג Na 2:7 + 1 times; 3 pl. נָמֹ֫גוּ Ex 15:15 + 3 times; Pt. pl. נְמֹגִים ψ 75:4 in view of prevailing fig. use, and of Arabic مَاجَ (موج) be in tumult, commotion, of sea, people, be agitated, perplexed, it is perhaps dub. whether melt is orig. meaning; be moved, agitated is usually poss., and even Am 9:13 ψ 65:11 (both late), where (especially Am) moistening is suggested, this may be perhaps derived from agitating, loosening, dissolving;—melt away, fig. for be helpless, disorganized (through terror, etc.) Ex 15:15 (cf. context), Jos 2:9, 24 1 S 14:16 (cf. We Dr), Je 49:23, cf. Na 2:7 Is 14:31 ψ 75:4. Poʿl. soften, dissolve, act.: only Impf. 2 ms. sf. (subj. God): בִּרְבִיבִם תְּמֹגְגֶנָּה ψ 65:11 thou softenest it [the earth] with showers; fig., = dissipate וּתְמֹֽגְגֵ֫נִי Jb 30:22—We reads וַיְמֹגֵג Hb 3:6 for וַיְמֹדֶד, v. מָדַד" dir="rtl" >מדד Poʿ. Hithpoʿl. Pf. 3. pl. הִתְמֹגָ֑גוּ Na 1:5; Impf. 3 fs. תִּתְמוֹגָ֑ג ψ 107:26; 3 fpl. תִּתְמוֹגַגְנָה Am 9:13;—melt, subj. hills (before י׳) Na 1:5; subj. נֶפֶשׁ ψ 107:26 (in terror); hyperb. for flow Am 9:13 (of fertile hills, ‖ הִטִּ֫יפוּ הֶהָרִים). Ni. inf. abs. נָמוֹג Is 14:31.

† צֶ֫לֶם n.m. Ez 16:17 image (something cut out, cf. פֶּסֶל; Nö ‘Schnitzbild’);—צ׳ abs. ψ 39:7, cstr. Gn 1:27 +; sf. צַלְמוֹ v 27; 5:3, צַלְמֵנוּ 1:26, צַלְמָם ψ 73:20; pl. cstr. צַלְמֵי 1 S 6:5(×2) +, sf. צְלָמָיו 2 K 11:18; 2 Ch 23:17, צַלְמֵיכֶם Am 5:26;— 1. images of tumours and mice (of gold) 1 S 6:5(×2), 11; especially of heathen gods Am 5:26 (text dub.; del. We as gloss, cf. GASm Dr), 2 K 11:18 = 2 Ch 23:17 (both c. vb. שִׁבְּרוּ), Ez 7:20, so צ׳ זָכָר 16:17 (i.e. in male form, according to fig. of harlotry for idolatry); צַלְמֵי מַסֵּכֹתָם Nu 33:52 their molten images; of painted pictures of men Ez 23:14. 2. image, likeness, of resemblance, בְּצ׳ (בָּרָא) עָשָׂה, of God’s making man in his own image, Gn 1:26 (‖ כִּדְמוּתֵנוּ), v 27:27; 9:6, כְּצ׳ 5:3 (‖ בִּדְמוּתוֹ; all P). 3. fig. = mere, empty, image, semblance, בְּצ׳ ψ 39:7 as (ב essentiae) a (mere) semblance man walks about; צַלְמָם תִּבְזֶה 73:20 thou wilt despise their semblance.

† קָדַר vb. be dark (dull-coloured, cf. Arabic قَذُرَ / قَذِرَ be dirty (on ذ = ד v. NöZMG xi (1886), 729); NH Hiph. (of face) shew gloom; 𝔗 J קְדַר be dark);— Qal Pf. consec. וְקָדַר Mi 3:6; 1 s. קָדַרְתִּי Je 8:21, etc.; Pt. קֹדֵר ψ 35:14 +; pl. קֹדְרִים Jb 5:11; 6:16;—be dark, of sky Je 4:28 (leaden-coloured, as with clouds, v. Hithp.), of sun and moon Jo 2:10; 4:15; fig. of lack of revelation from י׳, וְק׳ עֲלֵיהֶם הַיּוֹם Mi 3:6; of turbid stream Jb 6:16; fig. of mourning (prob. be squalid, of neglected person and dress of mourner, cf. 2 S 19:25) Je 8:21; 14:2 (לָאָרֶץ, metaph. of gates); Jb 5:11; 30:28 (בְּלֹא חַמָּה), ψ 35:14; 38:7; 42:10; 43:2. Hiph. 1. darken: Pf. 1 s. consec. וְהִקְדַּרְתִּי Ez 32:7 (obj. stars), cf. Impf. 1 s. sf. אַקְדִּירֵם עָלֶיךָ 32:8. 2. cause to mourn וָאַקְדִּר עָלָיו לְבָנוֹן 31:15. Hitph. Pf. 3 pl. וְהַשָּׁמַיִם הִתְקַדְּרוּ עָבִים 1 K 18:45 and the heavens grew dark with clouds.

† רַ֫עַשׁ n.m. Je 10:22 quaking, shaking;—ר׳ abs. 1 K 19:11 +, cstr. Na 3:2; Jb 41:21;— 1. specif. earthquake, Am 1:1; Zc 14:5; 1 K 19:11(×2), 12; fig. of י׳’s judgment Is 29:6; Ez 38:19; cf. (in vision) קוֹל ר׳ גָּדוֹל 3:12, 13; prob. also 37:7 (𝔊 Thes Co Krae; > rustling, rattling, Hi-Sm Toy); hence hyperbol. of shaking of earth by tramping of warriors Is 9:4, by war-chariots Je 47:3, cf. 10:22, or wheels Na 3:2, by war-horse(ʾs hoofs) Jb 39:24. *(רֹנֶז+) 2. quaking, trembling, of pers. Ez 12:18. 3. shaking, quivering, of dart Jb 41:21 (al. rushing sound).

† הָמַם vb. make a noise, move noisily, confuse, discomfit (cf. [הום])— Qal Pf. וְהָמַם consec. Is 28:28; sf. הֲמָמַ֫נִי Je 51:34 Qr (Kt הֲמָמָ֫נוּ), הֲמָמָם 2 Ch 15:16; 1 s. וְהַמֹּתִ֫י Ex 23:27; Impf. וַיָּ֫הָם Ex 14:24 Ju 4:15; sf. וַיְּהֻמֵּם Jos 10:10 1 S 7:10 ψ 18:15 + 2 S 22:15 Kt (doubtless right; Qr וַיָּהֹ֑ם); 2 ms. sf. וּתְהֻמֵּם ψ 144:6; Inf. sf. לְהֻמָּם Dt 2:15 Est 9:24;— 1. move noisily, trans., drive a wagon in threshing ה׳ גִּלְגַּל עֶגְלָתוֹ וּפָרָשָׁיו Is 28:28 (‖ דושׁ). 2. confuse, discomfit, c. acc. Ex 14:24; 23:27 Jos 10:10 Ju 4:15 1 S 7:10 ψ 18:15 = 2 S 22:15 (‖ הפיץ), ψ 144:6 (‖ id.); discomfit, vex, 2 Ch 15:6 c. acc. & בְּכָל־צָרָה of instr.; c. acc. also Dt 2:15 (sq. עַד תֻּמָּם), Est 9:24 (sq. לְאַבְּדָם); prob. also Je 51:34 (‖ אָכַל), cf. הוּם" dir="rtl" >הוּם Dt 7:23.

† I. [חָרֵב] vb. be dry, dried up (cf. יָבֵשׁ) (Aramaic חֲרוֹב be dry, חוּרְבָּא drought);— Qal Pf. 3 pl. חָֽרְבוּ Gn 8:13(×2), Is 19:6; Impf. 3 ms. יֶחֱרַב Ho 13:15 + 2 times, וַיֶּחֱרָ֑ב ψ 106:9; Imv. fs. חֳרָ֑בִי Is 44:27;—be dry, dried up: 1. of ground, be freed from waters of flood ח׳ פְּנֵי הָאֲדָמָה Gn 8:13b (J). 2. of waters, be dried up, taken away; of waters of flood Gn 8:13a (P); of Nile וְנָהָר יֶחֱרַב וְיָבֵשׁ Is 19:5 (‖ וְנִשְּׁתוּ־מַיִם מֵהַיָּם), v. same combination Jb 14:11 (‖ אָֽזְלוּ מַיִם מִנִּי־יָם); Is 19:6 (‖ דָּֽלֲלוּ) 44:27 (‖ הוֹבִישׁ); of Red Sea ψ 106:9; fig. of Ephraim’s freshness and vigour Ho 13:15. Pu. Pf. 3 pl. לֹא חֹרָ֑בוּ Ju 16:7, 8, of fresh bow-strings (of gut, v. Bla). Hiph. Pf. הֶחֱרִיב Na 1:4, of י׳’s drying up rivers (‖ וַיַּבְּשֵׁהוּ), perhaps also Is 11:15 (for MT החרים) v. 𝔊 𝔖 𝔙 𝔗; וְהַחֲרַבְתִּ֫י the Euphrates Je 51:36 (‖ הוֹבַשְׁתִּי); Impf. אַחֲרִיב יָם Is 50:2, subj. י׳, I dry up a sea (‖ אָשִׂים נְהָרוֹת מִדְבָּר); אַחְרִב Is 37:25 = אַחֲרִב 2 K 19:24, of king of Assyria drying up rivers of Egypt; Pt. fs. הַמַּחֲרֶבֶת Is 51:10 of י׳’s arm drying up (Red) Sea.

† סְעָרָה n.f. tempest, storm-wind;—abs. סְעָרָה Is 29:6 + (so also 2 K 2:1, 11 Ginsb; Baer בַּסֳּעָרָה); cstr. סַעֲרַת Je 23:19; 30:23; pl. סְעָרוֹת Ez 13:11, 13; cstr. סַעֲרוֹת Zc 9:14;—4, as instr. of י׳’s wrath, Is 29:6 (+ סוּפָה), cf.40:24; 41:16, also רוּחַ סְעָרוֹת Ez 13:11, 13 (against nation under fig. of wall); storm-wind of Elijah’s translation 2 K 2:1, 11; of theophany Ez 1:4 (רִוּחַ סְעָרָה), Jb 38:1; 40:6, and סַעֲרוֹת תֵּימָן Zc 9:14; סַעֲרַת י׳ as fig. of י׳’s wrath Je 23:19; 30:23; of ordinary tempests only in late ψψ: רוּחַ סְעָרָה 107:25; 148:8, ס׳ opp. דְּמָמָה 107:29.

† צִיָּה n.f. dryness, drought;—abs. צ׳ Ho 2:5 +; pl. צִיּוֹת ψ 105:41;—drought Jb 24:19 (‖ חֹם); elsewhere of land (often ‖ מִדְבָּר, עֲרָבָה, etc.): אֶרֶץ צ׳ land of drought, desert Ho 2:5 (sim.), Je 2:6; 50:12 (fig.), 51:43; Is 41:18; 53:2 (in sim.), ψ 107:35; + צָמָא Ez 19:13 (fig.), + שְׁמָמָה Jo 2:20, + עָיֵף ψ 63:2 (fig.); צ׳ = desert Is 35:1; Zp 2:13; Jb 30:3 ψ 78:17; pl. 105:41.

ξηραίνω, future -ᾰνῶRefs 5th c.BC+: aorist ἐξήρἀνα Refs 5th c.BC+:—passive, future ξηρανθήσομαι Refs 2nd c.AD+middle ξηρᾰνοῦμαι in same sense, Refs 5th c.BC+: aorist ἐξηράνθην Refs 8th c.BC+: perfect ἐξήρασμαι NT+5th c.BC+; infinitive ἀπ-εξηράνθαι Refs 5th c.BC+; participle ἐξηρᾱμένος only late, Refs 3rd c.AD+: (ξηρός):—parch, dry up, ξηρανεῖ σ᾽ ὁ Βάκχιος E. [prev. cited]; of the sun, Refs 5th c.BC+; make costive, τὴν κοιλίην Refs 5th c.BC+:—passive, to be or become dry, parched, ἐξηράνθη πεδίον Il.[same place],Refs 5th c.BC+; to be withered, ἐξηράνθη ἡ συκῆ NT+2nd c.BC+ __2 drain dry, ξηράνας τὴν διώρυχα Refs 5th c.BC+ __3 metaphorically, κακουχεῖ αὑτὸν καὶ ξ. Refs 3rd c.BC+ __3.b passive, of a paralytic, NT

† I. סוּפָה n.f. storm-wind (that makes an end?);—abs. ס׳ Is 5:28 +; סוּפָ֫תָה Ho 8:7 (Ges§ 90 f.); sf. סוּפָֽתְךָ ψ 83:16; pl. סוּפוֹת Is 21:1;—storm-wind, כְּסַעַר בְּיוֹם ס׳ Am 1:14, Na 1:3 (‖ שְׂעָרָה), Is 17:13 (‖ רוּחַ), Jb 37:9 Is 21:1, as driving chaff Jb 21:18 (vb. גָּנַב; in sim.), sim. of rushing chariots Is 5:28; 66:15 Je 4:13, of ruin Pr 1:27 cf. 10:25; symbol. of י׳’s judgments, רוּחַ יִזְרָ֖עוּ וְס׳ יִקְצֹ֑רוּ Ho 8:7, ψ 83:16 (‖ סַעַר), Jb 27:20 (vb. גָּנַב), Is 29:6 (+ סְעָרָה).

† עֲרָפֶל n.m. cloud, heavy cloud (perhaps from above √ + ל afform; NH = BH; Syriac ܥܰܪܦܶܠܴܐ; 𝔗 עֲרָפֵילָא; Mand. ארפילא NöM 126, 128; on vocaliz. v. BaNB 160 and against him SchwallyZAW x (1890), 178 who proposes עַרְפֶּל);—ע׳ in which God dwells Ex 20:18 (Gi; van d. H. v 21), 1 K 8:12 = 2 Ch 6:1; + עָנָן Dt 4:11 (also חֹשֶׁךְ), 5:19 (22) ψ 97:2; Jb 22:13 v בַּעַד; ע׳ תַּחַת רַגְלָיו 2 S 22:10 = ψ 18:10; as swaddling-bands of sea Jb 38:9; fig. of misery Is 60:2 (‖ חֹשֶׁךְ); of י׳’s judgment Je 13:16 (‖ צַלְמָוֶת), as a past day יוֹם עָנָן וַע׳ Ez 34:12 = (of future day of י׳) Zp 1:15 (‖ יוֹם חשֶׁךְ וַאֲפֵלָה) = Jo 2:2 (‖ id.).

σεισμ-ός, ὁ, (σείω) shaking, shock, γῆς σ. earthquake, Refs 5th c.BC+ __2 generally, shock, agitation, commotion, σ. τοῦ σώματος Refs 5th c.BC+; ἔξωθεν.. προσφέρειν τοῖς.. πάθεσι σεισμόν a shock, NT+2nd c.AD+ __3 blackmail, extortion, Refs 2nd c.BC+; συκοφάντεια καὶ σ. Refs 2nd c.BC+

† יַבָּשָׁה n.f. dry land, dry ground (Sab. יבסם, opp. בחרם sea, DHM in MV; Palm. יבשא (dry) land Vog No. 79)—always abs. sg. יַבָּשָׁה; Ex 4:9 (J); of dry ground as path of Isr. through Red Sea Ex 14:16, 22, 29; 15:19 (all P), Ne 9:11 ψ 66:6; through Jordan Jos 4:22 (D); of dry land, opp. sea, at creation Gn 1:9, 10 (P); cf. Jon 1:9; specif. of shore of sea Jon 1:13; 2:11; fig. of needy Israel, to be refreshed by י׳’s spirit Is 44:3 (‖ צָמֵא).

† [הֲפוּגָה] n.f. id.;—pl. מֵאֵין הֲפֻגוֹת La 3:49 (of weeping; form very strange, read prob. פֻּגוֹת),

† מַבּוּל n.m. Gn 7:6 flood in time of Noah (NH id.; Jew.-Aramaic; מַבּוּלָא; Syriac ܡܳܡܽܘܠܴܐ; der. dub.; Thes al. √ יבל, but improb., v. DlProl. 122 f.; poss. old Assyrian (Bab.) loan-word (yet form unkn. in Assyrian), or from √ נבל = Assyrian nabâlu, destroy DlHWB443 f.; cf. DlPar. 156; Prol. 122 Che ψ 29, 10 crit. n., Hbr. iii. 3, 175 f., O. WhitehouseCOT ii. 293);—מ׳ only Gn and ψ 29:10; always abs. and always c. art. except Gn 9:11, 15;—וַיְהִי הַמּ׳ Gn 7:17; לֹא יִהְיֶה עוֹד מ׳ 9:11; foll. by מַיִם as appos. Gn 6:17; 7:6; מֵי הַמּ׳ Gn 7:7, 10; 9:11; לֹא־יִהְיֶה עוֹד הַמַּיִם לְמ׳ Gn 9:15; as epoch, in phr. אַחַר הַמּ׳ Gn 9:28; 10:1, 32; 11:10 (del. as gloss Bu Di); י׳ לַמּ׳ יָשָׁ֑ב ψ 29:10 י׳ at the flood sat enthroned (so most; Che v. crit. n. ‘at the storm’ (destruction = destructive storm IdHbrl.c.), but הַמּ׳ seems in all the other passages to be almost = n.pr. of the flood; cf. also מֵי נֹחַ Is 54:9(×2)).

† [רָעַם] vb.denom. thunder;— Qal make the sound of thunder, thunder: Impf. 3 ms. יִרְעַם let the sea thunder (in praise, ‖ שׂמח, גיל, עלז, הריע, מחא כף, רנן) ψ 96:11 = 1 Ch 16:32, ψ 98:7.—Pf. 3 pl. רָֽעֲמוּ פָּנִים Ez 27:35 is dub.: faces tremble (Toy are convulsed), or they tremble (cf. Hi-Sm Krae; AV RV are troubled) in face, lacks etym. support (otherwise Gerber47, but v. √ supr.); 𝔊 𝔖 Co דָּֽמְעוּ פְּנֵיהֶם. Hiph. (Gerber47) thunder, cause thunder;—Pf. 3 ms. הִרְעִים ψ 29:3; Impf. 3 ms. יַרְעֵם (on—ֵ v. Köi, 210) ψ 18:14 +; וַיַּרְעֵם 1 S 7:10; 2 ms. תַּרְעֵם Jb 40:9; 1 S 1:6 v. infr.;—thunder, of י׳ (God) 2:10; 7:10 (both c. עַל pers. against whom), ψ 18:14 = 2 S 22:14, ψ 29:3 Jb 37:4, 5, cf. 40:9.—הְרְּעִמָהּ 1 S 1:6 is appar. Inf. cstr. sf. (Ges§ 20 h; 22 s), but not understood by 𝔊 and dub.: AV RV to make her fret, cf. Aramaic utter (loud) complaints (Weir in DrSm 291); perhaps corrupt HPS.

βροντ-ή, ἡ, thunder, Διὸς μεγάλοιο κεραυνὸν δεινήν τε β. Refs 8th c.BC+; ἀστραπὴ καὶ β. Refs 5th c.BC+; β. δ᾽ ἐρράγη δι᾽ ἀστραπῆς Refs 5th c.BC+; χθόνιαι β. Refs 5th c.BC+ __II the state of one struck with thunder, astonishment, ἐπεάν σφι θεὸς ἐμβάλῃ β. Refs 5th c.BC+ (βρομτᾱ, compare βρέμω.)

κατακαίω, Attic dialect κατακάω [ᾱ], Epic dialect infinitive κατακαιέμεν Refs 8th c.BC+: future -καύσωRefs 5th c.BC+: aorist κατέκαυσα Refs 5th c.BC+; Epic dialect 3rd.pers. singular κατέκηε Refs 8th c.BC+; 1st pers. plural subjunctive κατακήομεν (variant{-κείομεν}) Refs 8th c.BC+; infinitive κατακῆαι Refs 8th c.BC+: perfect -κέκαυκαRefs 5th c.BC+:—passive, future -καυθήσομαιRefs 5th c.BC+, -καήσομαι NTaorist κατεκαύθην (the Attic dialect form) Refs 5th c.BC+; Laconian dialect infinitive -καῆμενRefs 1st c.AD+; -εκαύσθην Refs 4th c.BC+: perfect -κέκαυμαιRefs 5th c.BC+:—burn completely, in Refs 8th c.BC+ of sacrifices and dead bodies, κατακήομεν αὐτούς Refs 8th c.BC+; κ. τοὺς μάντιας burn them alive, Refs 5th c.BC+; of cities and houses, etc., κατὰ μὲν ἔκαυσαν.. πόλιν Refs; [οἰκίη] κατεκάη Refs 5th c.BC+ [same place]; γῆ κατακεκαυμένη burnt earth, Refs 4th c.BC+; Κατακεκαυμένη, name of the upper valley of the Hermus, in Lydia, Refs 1st c.BC+; of the fingers, to be burnt with hot food, Refs 3rd c.BC+ __2 of hot winds, parch, τὰ ἐκ τῆς γῆς Refs 3rd c.BC+ __3 metaphorically, ὁ ἔρως ἐμέ.. κατακέκαυκεν Refs (c):—passive, τὰ στόματα -κάεται ἐπὶ τέχνην Refs 4th c.BC+ __II passive, of fire, κατὰ πῦρ ἐκάη had burnt down, burnt out, Refs 8th c.BC+

† I. חֹ֫רֶב n.m. Gn 31:40 dryness, drought, heat, abs. ח׳ Gn 31:40 + 11 times + Dt 28:22 (for MT חֶרֶב; v. Di, sq. 𝔙; 𝔊 and 𝔊L om.);— 1. dryness Ju 6:37, 39, 40 (all of absence of dew); Je 50:38 (‖ יָבֵשׁ); so read also Zc 11:17 (for MT חֶרֶב, see v b and StaZAW i. 1881, 29), a drying up upon his arm (i. e. a withering) and upon his right eye. 2. drought Hg 1:11 + Dt 28:22 v. supr. 3. parching heat (of sun) Gn 31:40 (opp. קֶ֫רַח), Je 36:30 (opp. id.); Is 4:6; 25:4, 5(×2) of fever Jb 30:30.

† מְהוּמָה n.f. tumult, confusion, disquietude, discomfiture—abs. מ׳ Dt 7:23 + 7 times; cstr. מְהוּמַת 1 S 5:11 Ez 22:5; pl. abs. מְהוּמוֹת 2 Ch 15:5, מְהוּמֹת Am 3:9;— 1. tumult, confusion Am 3:9 (‖ עֲשׁוּקִים oppression), disturbance, turmoil (opp. peace) 2 Ch 15:5 (‖ vb. המם v 6), cf. Ez 22:5; disquietude (of mind) Pr 15:16; especially tumult & confusion, panic, as due to divine judgment מְהוּמַת־י׳ Zc 14:13 cf. Ez 7:7; also 1 S 5:9 and מְהוּמַת מָוֶת v 11. 2. discomfiture (due to י׳) in war 1 S 14:20 (cf. v 15, 22); Dt 7:23 (acc. cogn. c. הום q.v.), 28:20 (‖ מְאֵרָה, מִגְעֶרֶת); cf. יוֹם" dir="rtl" >יוֹם מ׳ Is 22:5 (‖ מְבוּסָה, מְבוּכָה) a day of discomfiture & down-treading & confusion.

† [נָפַח] vb. breathe, blow (כור נפוח Ecclus 43:4 a furnace blown upon (heated hot); NH נָפַח, id., 𝔗 נְפַח, Syriac ܢܦܰܚ; Assyrian napâḫu, inflame, nappaḫu, smith DlHWB 474; Arabic (نَفَحَ and) نَفَخ�� blow; Ethiopic ነፍኀ: or ነፍሐ: Di712);— Qal Pf. 3 fs. נָֽפְחָה Je 15:9; וְנָפַ֫חְתִּי Hg 1:9; וְנָפַחְתִּ֫י Ez 22:21; Impf. וַיִּפַּח Gn 2:7; Imv. fs. פְּחִי Ez 37:9; Inf. (לָ)פַ֫חַת Ez 22:20; Pt. act. נֹפֵחַ Is 54:16; pass. נָפוּחַ Je 1:13 Jb 41:12;—breathe, blow, וַיִּפַּח בְּאַפּוֹ נִשְׁמַת חַיִּים Gn 2:7 (J); sq. ב also Ez 37:9; Is 54:16 and Hg 1:9 blow into it (to scatter it); sq. עַל־: לָפַחַת עָלָיו אֵשׁ Ez 22:20 to blow fire upon it (ore, for melting), so fig. Ez 22:21 and I will blow upon you with (ב) the fire of my wrath; נ׳ נַפְשָׁהּ Je 15:9 she hath breathed out her life (of a mother, cf. Hiph.); abs. סִיר נָפוּחַ Je 1:13 a blown (i.e. well-heated, boiling) pot, cf. דּוּד" dir="rtl" >דּוּד נ׳ Jb 41:12 (sim.). Pu. Pf. אֵשׁ לֹא נֻפָּ֑ח Jb 20:26 a fire not blown (by any human breath). So perhaps also Nu 21:30 (reading עַד־נֻפַּח אֵשׁ וגו׳ until fire was blown [hot] as far as Medeba), cf. Di. Hiph. Pf. 1 s. נֶפֶשׁ בְּעָלֶיהָ חִפָּ֑חְתִּי Jb 31:39 (or if) the life of its (the land’s) owners I have caused them to breathe out; וְהִפַּחְתֶּם אוֹתוֹ Mal 1:13 and ye have sniffed at it (in contempt).

† שׁוֹאָה, שֹׁאָה n.f. devastation, ruin, waste;—abs. שׁו׳ Is 10:3 +, שֹׁאָה 47:11; Zp 1:15; Jb 30:14 (+ 38:27 van d. H. Gi, but v. Baer’s n.); cstr. שֹׁאַת Pr 3:25;— 1. devastation, ruin, as coming on pers., Is 10:3; 47:11 (Babylon personif.), ψ 35:8a; 63:10; שֹׁאַת רְשָׁעִים Pr 3:25 (obj. genit.; ‖ פַּחַד); (יוֹם) שׁ׳ וּמְשׁוֹאָה Zp 1:15; prob. = devastating storm, in sim. Ez 38:9 (‖ עָנָן), Pr 1:27 (Qr; Kt שׁאוה; ‖ סוּפָה).—ψ 35:8b read prob. שַׁחְתֹּה his pit, 𝔖 We (cf. v 7). 2. concretely, ruin, waste, of the desert, Jb 30:3 (reading אֶרֶץ for אֶמֶשׁ Ol; otherwise sub 1), שׁ׳ וּמְשׁוֹאָה 38:27 (‖ מִדְבָּר v 26); = ruins Jb 30:14.

καίω, Attic dialect κάω [ᾱ], imperfect ἔκαιον Refs 8th c.BC+, Epic dialect καῖον Refs 8th c.BC+: future καύσω Refs 5th c.BC+: aorist 1 ἔκαυσα Refs 5th c.BC+; Epic dialect ἔκηα (certain active and middle forms have κει- in codices of Refs 8th c.BC+; 3rd.pers. singular ἔκηε (ν) Refs; unaugm. κῆεν Refs; 3rd.pers. plural ἔκηαν (variant{ἔκειαν}) Refs 8th c.BC+ codices; 1st pers. plural subjunctive κείομεν Refs 8th c.BC+ (κατα-), Refs; infinitive κῆαι Refs 8th c.BC+; participle κείαντες Refs, Attic dialect κέαντες Refs 5th c.BC+perfect κέκαυκα Refs 5th c.BC+ —middle, aorist 1 ἐκαυσάμην Refs 5th c.BC+; Epic dialect κείαντο, κειάμενοι, Refs 8th c.BC+:—passive, future καυθήσομαι NT+5th c.BC+: aorist 1 ἐκαύθην Refs 5th c.BC+; Epic dialect and Ionic dialectaorist 2 ἐκάην [ᾰ] Refs 8th c.BC+; infinitive καήμεναι Refs 8th c.BC+: perfect κέκαυμαι Refs 5th c.BC+; infinitive κεκαῦσθαι Refs 4th c.BC+ __I kindle, πυρὰ πολλά Refs 8th c.BC+ —middle, πῦρ κείαντο they lighted them a fire, Refs 8th c.BC+:—passive, to be lighted, burn, πυραὶ νεκύων καίοντο Refs 8th c.BC+; αἱ φλόγες αἱ καιόμεναι.. περὶ τὸν οὐρανόν the meteors which blaze, Refs 4th c.BC+; of ore, to be smelted, Refs __II set on fire, burn, μηρία, ὀστέα, Refs 8th c.BC+:—passive, νηυσὶν καιομένῃσιν Refs __II.2 make hot, of the sun, ἀνθρώπους Refs 5th c.BC+; [Χείμαρρος] ἠελίῳ κεκαυμένος smelted, Refs 1st c.AD+ __II.3 of extreme cold, ἡ Χιὼν καίει τῶν κυνῶν τὰς ῥῖνας Refs 5th c.BC+; κάειν λέγεται.. τὸ ψυχρόν, οὐχ ὡς τὸ θερμόν Refs 4th c.BC+ __II.4 passive, of fever-heat, τὰ ἐντὸς ἐκάετο Refs 5th c.BC+: metaphorically, of passion, especially of love, to be on fire, ἐν φρασὶ καιομένα Refs 5th c.BC+; καίεσθαί τινος (i.e. ἔρωτι) Refs 4th c.BC+; also καομένη Ἑλλάς Greece being in a fever of excitement, Refs 5th c.BC+ __II.5 suffer from inflammation, ἐκαύθη ἔσω Refs 5th c.BC+ __III burn and destroy (in war), τέμνειν καὶ κ., κ. καὶ πορθεῖν, waste with fire and sword, Refs 5th c.BC+ __IV of surgeons, cauterize, ὤμους Refs 5th c.BC+:—in passive, Refs to use knife and cautery, Refs 5th c.BC+ __V burn or bake pottery, κανθάρους uncertain in Refs 5th c.BC+

φωτίζω, future φωτίσω NT:—I. absolutely, shine, give light, ὁ ἄνθραξ [οὐ δύναται] φωτίζειν ὥσπερ ἡ φλόξ Refs 4th c.BC+ __II transitive, illuminate, ὁ ἥλιος φ. τὸν κόσμον Refs 1st c.BC+ —passive, τὸ φωτιζόμενον, opposed to τὸ φωτίζον,Refs 2nd c.AD+; of a planet, Refs 5th c.AD+ __II.2 bring to light, make known, τὴν ἑκατέρων αἵρεσιν NT+2nd c.BC+:—passive, γράμματα ἑαλωκότα καὶ πεφωτισμένα Refs 2nd c.BC+ __II.3 enlighten, instruct, teach, φ. τινάς, πῶς.. LXX+NT __II.4 illuminate with spiritual light, ὁ ὑπὸ τοῦ θεοῦ πεφωτισμένος Refs __II.4.b in a special sense, baptize, in passive, NT __II.5 throw light upon, illustrate, of commentators, Ὅμηρον Refs 3rd c.AD+

† גַּלְגַּל n.m. Ec 12:6 wheel, whirl, whirlwind (on format. cf. BaNB 204)—abs. ג׳ Ez 10:2 + 7 times; גַּלְגַּ֑ל ψ 83:14; pl. c. sf. גַּלְגִּלָּיו Is 5:28 Je 47:3;— 1. wheel, a. of war-chariot Is 5:28 Je 47:3, also coll. Ez 23:24; 26:10; perhaps also in Ezekiel’s vision Ez 10:2, 6, 13 (cf. wheelwork) but cf. infr. b. for drawing water Ec 12:6. 2. a. whirl (of dust or chaff) ψ 83:14 Is 17:13, sim. of foes put to flight by God. b. perhaps whirling of wheels Ez 10:2, 6, 13 Sm RV; cf. supr. c. whirlwind or wheel ψ 77:19.

† I. [חָרַר] vb. be hot, scorched, burn, poet. & late (Arabic حَرٌّ be hot, burn, thirst; Ethiopic ሐረረ Aramaic חַר; cf. Assyrian arâru, glow, SASmAsrb. i, p. 97 BelserBAS ii, 155)— Qal Pf. 3 fs. חָ֫רָה Jb 30:30, וְחָ֫רָה consec. Ez 24:11, חָ֫רוּ Is 24:6;— 1. be hot, scorched, Jerus., under fig. of caldron Ez 24:11. 2. burn = be burned, fig. of men, in י׳’s judgment, Is 24:6. 3. burn, of bones of sick men in fever ח׳ מִנִּי־חֹרֶב Jb 30:30. Niph. Pf. 3 ms. נָחָ֑ר Ez 15:4, נִחַר ψ 69:4; 3 pl. נִחָ֑רוּ ψ 102:4 (Köi. 368); Impf. וַיֵּחָ֑ר Ez 15:5 יֵח֑רוּ Ez 24:10 (del. Co B al.) 1. be scorched, of bellows מַפֻּחַ in fierce fire Je 6:29 (fig.); scorched, charred, of the vine (as fuel) Ez 15:4, 5 middle part charred, the ends devoured (אכל) by fire (sim. of inhab. of Jerus.); bones (sim. id.) Ez 24:10 (v. supr.). 2. burn, of bones in fever ψ 102:4 (כְּמוֹקֵד, cf. Qal Jb 30:30); be parched, of throat נח׳ גרוני 69:4.—Is 41:11; 45:24 Ct 1:6 v. חָרָה" dir="rtl" >חרה. Niph. 1. נָחַר Je 6:29 from √ נחר snort, puff, according to Mich Ew Gf Gie al.,—not Du. Pilp. Inf. לְחַרְחַר־רִיב Pr 26:21 to kindle strife.

† [לָהַט] vb. blaze up, flame (NH id.; Syriac ܠܗܶܛ; Assyrian laʾâṭu, in der. forms);— Qal Pt. act. אֵשׁ לֹהֵט ψ 104:4 a flaming fire (so Bae; אֵשׁ וָלַהַט Bi Che, cf. Ol), made into י׳’s servants; pl. לֹהֲטִים 57:5 (fig. of enemies, cf. לְבָאִם v a). Pi. Pf. 3ms. וְלִהַט Mal 3:19; 3 fs. לִהּטָה Jo 1:19; Impf. 3 fs. תְּלַהֵט Jo 2:3 + 4 times; וַתְּלַהֵט Dt 32:22; sf. וַתְּלַהֲטֵהוּ Is 42:25;—set ablaze, usually c. acc.;—foundation of mts., Dt 32:22 (subj. אֵשׁ, fig. of י׳’s judgment, ‖ קָדַח, יָקַד, אָכַל), cf. תְּל׳ הָרִים ψ 83:15 (in sim., subj. לֶהָבָה; ‖ כְּאֵשׁ תִּבְעַר־יָ֑עַר); of flame (לֶהָבָה) consuming trees Jo 1:19 (of effects of drought; ‖ אֵשׁ אָֽכְלָה); persons Mal 3:19 (subj. הַיּוֹם הַבָּא; ‖ בָּעַר); cf. ψ 97:3 (subj. אֵשׁ), 106:18 (subj. לֶהָבָה; ‖ וַתִּבְעַר־אֵשׁ); hyperb. of י׳’s wrath (חֵמָה אַפּוֹ וֶעֱזוּז מִלְחָמָה) consuming Jacob Is 42:25; of crocodile (hyperb.), נַפְשׁוֹ גֶּחָלִים תְּלַהֵ֑ט Jb 41:13 his breath setteth coals ablaze; abs. Jo 2:3, fig. of devastation by locusts (subj. לֶהָבָה; ‖ אָֽכְלָה אֵשׁ).

† אֲפֵלָה n.f. darkness, gloominess, calamity—א׳ Ex 10:22 +; אֲפֵלָתְךָ Is 58:10; pl. אֲפֵלוֹת Is 59:9— 1. darkness Dt 28:29 Pr 7:9 (‖ אִישׁוֹן לַיְלָה); of supernatural darkness in Egypt Ex 10:22; of day of י׳ (cf. Am 5:20 sub אָפֵל) Jo 2:2 Zp 1:15 (both ‖ חשׁך, ענן, ערפל) sim. of wickedness Je 23:12 Pr 4:19. 2. fig. of calamity Is 8:22 (‖ חֲשֵׁכָה), 58:10 (‖ חשׁך, opp. צהרים), 59:9 (‖ id., opp. נגהות).

† [גָּעַשׁ] vb. shake, quake (NH id.)— Qal Impf. וַתִּגְעַשׁ ψ 18:8a = 2 S 22:8a Kt (Qr Hithp.);—quake of earth at theoph, ψ 18:8 = 2 S 22:8 (read Kt; ‖ רעשׁ). Pu. Impf. be shaken up, convulsed יְגֹעֲשׁוּ־עָם Jb 34:20 a people are convulsed. Hithp. shake back and forth, toss or reel to and fro וַיִּתְגָּעַשׁ Qr 2 S 22:8a (Qal); יִתְגָּֽעֲשׁוּ Je 46:7, וַיִּתְגָּֽעֲשׁוּ ψ 18:8b + 2 times;—of mountains ψ 18:8b = 2 S 22:8b; of waves of sea, Je 5:22; of waters of Nile Je 46:7 (cf. v 8). Hithpo. Pf. וְהִתְגֹּעֲשׁוּ consec. Je 25:16; Impf. יִתְגֹּעֲשׁוּ Je 46:8; id. of waters of Nile Je 46:8; of drunken men, reel to and fro, Je 25:16 (fig. of nations confounded by י׳).

ἀνατέλλω, poetry ἀντ-, aorist ἀνέτειλα: perfect participle ἀνατεταλκόςRefs 2nd c.BC+:—make to rise up, τοῖσιν δ᾽ (i.e. ἵπποις) ἀμβροσίην ἀνέτειλενέμεσθυLXX+8th c.BC+; ὕδωρ ἀ. make water gush forth, NT+5th c.BC+passive, φλὸξ ἀνατελλομένα a flame mounting up, Refs 5th c.BC+ __2 bring forth, give birth to ἄντειλας ΔιόνυσονRefs 5th c.BC+ __II intransitive, rise, appear above the horizon, of any heavenly body, as sun and moon, Refs 5th c.BC+; also of constellations, Refs 3rd c.BC+; distinct from ἐπιτέλλω (which see), Refs 1st c.BC+; compare ἀνατολή. __II.b ={ἐπιτέλλω}, of the Pleiades, Refs 3rd c.BC+ __II.2 of a river, take its rise, ἐκ ταύτης [γῆς λίμνης] Refs 5th c.BC+ __II.2.b of persons, originate, ἐξ Ἰούδα ἀνατέταλκεν ὁ κύριοςNT __II.3 grow, of hair, ταρφὺς ἀντέλλουσα θρίξRefs 4th c.BC+; of teeth, Refs 4th c.BC+; spring up, of plants, Refs 4th c.BC+ __II.4 of mountains, rise, Refs 3rd c.BC+; but, appear on the horizon, Refs __II.5 rise up, ἀνέτειλε σωτήρ probably in Refs

ἀστρᾰπ-ή, ἡ, ={ἀστεροπή},{στεροπή},fiash of lightning, lightning, βροντὴ καὶ ἀ.Refs 5th c.BC+; personified, as subject of painting, Refs 1st c.AD+: frequently in plural, lightnings, τὰς ἀ. τε καὶ κεραυνίους βολάςRefs 5th c.BC+ __2 light of a lamp, NT+4th c.BC+ __3 metaphorically, ἀστραπήν τιν᾽ ὀμμάτων flashing of the eyes, Refs 5th c.BC+; ἐκτυφλοῦν τιν᾽ ἀστραπὴ [εἰμί] Refs 4th c.BC+

βέβαιος, ον (so always in Refs 5th c.BC+, also α, ον (see. below): (βαίνω):— firm, steady, κρύσταλλος Refs 5th c.BC+; γῆ β. terra firma, Refs 2nd c.AD+; steadfast, durable, ὁμιλία.. πιστὴ καὶ βέβαιος Refs 5th c.BC+ __b sure, certain, τέκμαρ Refs 5th c.BC+; πύλας β. παρέχειν make safe, secure, Refs 5th c.BC+; βεβαιότερος κίνδυνος a surer game, Refs: superlative -ότατοςRefs; βέβαιόν ἐστί τινι ὅτι.. Refs 1st c.BC+ confirm, guarantee, Refs 1st c.BC+ __2 of persons, etc., steadfast, constant, φίλος Refs 5th c.BC+infinitive, βεβαιότεροι μηδὲν νεωτεριεῖν more certain to make no change, Refs 5th c.BC+ __3 τό β. certainty, Refs 5th c.BC+; but τὸ β. τῆς διανοίας firmness, resolution, Refs 5th c.BC+ __3.b security, guarantee, τὸ δημόσιον β. Refs __II adverb -ωςRefs 5th c.BC+; ἔχειν, γνῶναι, δημοκρατεῖσθαι, Refs 4th c.BC+: comparative -ότερον, οἰκεῖν Refs 5th c.BC+; -οτέρως Refs 5th c.BC+: superlative -όταταRefs 5th c.BC+

† אֹ֫פֶל n.m. Jb 3:6 darkness, gloom (only poet.)—א׳ always abs.— 1. darkness, of night ψ 91:6 (opp. צָֽהֳרָֽיִם); deep in the earth, אֶבֶן א׳ Jb 28:3 (‖ חֹשֶׁךְ, צַלְמָוֶת); darkness, gloom of underworld Jb 10:22(×2) (‖ אֶרֶץ חֹשֶׁךְ, א׳ עֵיפָפָה, צַלְמָוֶת); personif. Jb 3:6 that night—let darkness take it יִקָּחֵהוּ א׳; fig. of spiritual darkness Is 29:18 (‖ חֹשֶׁךְ); of secrecy, treachery ψ 11:2. 2. especially fig. of calamity Jb 23:17 (‖ חשׁך q.v.), 30:26 (opp. אוֹר).

† [דָּלַק] vb. burn (intrans.), hotly pursue (NH id. Aramaic דְּלַק, ܕܠܰܩ all intrans. burn, kindle; Hiph., Aph. transitive)— Qal Pf. 2 ms. דָּלַקְתָּ Gn 31:36; 3 mpl. וְדָֽלְקוּ consec. Ob 18; sf. דְּלָקֻנוּ La 4:19; Impf. יִדְלַק ψ 10:2; Inf. cstr. דְּלֹק 1 S 17:53; Pt. act. pl. דֹּלְקִים Pr 26:23;— 1. burn, וְדָֽלְקוּ בָהֶם Ob 18 (fig. of Isr. ravaging among Edomites, ‖ וַאֲכָלוּם; on construction c. בְּ cf. 2 K 17:25); also in חִצָּיו לְדֹלְקִים יִפְעָ֑ל ψ 7:14 his arrows he maketh burning ones (subj. God) RV De Che al.; & שְׂפָתַיִם דֹּלְקִים Pr 26:23 burning (fervent) lips (opp. לֵב רָ֑ע). 2. hotly pursue Gn 31:36 (E; sq. אַחֲרֵי 1 S 17:53 (sq. id.); ψ 10:2; La 4:19 (both sq. acc.) Hiph. Impf. sf. יַדְלִיקֵם Is 5:11; Imv. הַדְלֵק Ez 24:10;—inflame, c. acc., subj. wine Is 5:11; kindle obj. הָאֵשׁ Ez 24:10.

† [דָּעַךְ] vb. go out, be extinguished (poet. & especially Wisd. lit. (Aramaic דְּעִיךְ, ܕܥܶܟ )— Qal Pf. 3 mpl. דָּֽעֲכוּ Is 43:17; Impf. יִדְעַךְ Pr 20:20, יִדְעָ֑ךְ Jb 18:5 + 4 times;—go out, be extinguished, of lamp, always fig., lamp of wicked (i.e. prosperity) אוֹר רְשָׁעִים Jb 18:5, נֵר ר׳ Jb 18:6; 21:17 Pr 13:9; 20:20; 24:20; of hostile armies Is 43:17 (‖ כָּב֫וּ). Niph. Pf. 3 pl. נִדְעֲכוּ be made extinct, dried up, Jb 6:17 (of brooks). Pu. Pf. 3 pl. דֹּעֲכוּ of assailants, be extinguished, quenched כְּאֵשׁ קוֹצִים ψ 118:12; but read perhaps בעדו with 𝔊 Bae & Che, v. Checrit. n.

† II. יָבֵשׁ adj.verb. or pt. dry, dried, so, ms. abs. Na 1:10 + 4 times; fs. יְבֵשָׁה Nu 11:6; mpl. (וִ)יבֵשִׁים Nu 6:3; fpl. יְבֵשׁוֹת Ez 37:2, 4;— 1. dried, lit. only עֲנָבִים יְבֵשִׁים Nu 6:3 dried grapes (P; opp. ע׳ לַחִים); fig. נַפְשֵׁנוּ יְבֵשָׁה 11:6 (JE) our soul (i.e. our appetite) is dried up, viz. for want of fresh, juicy meat. 2. dry, of chaff, קַשׁ Na 1:10 in sim. of Ninevites under impending judgment; cf. in fig. of Job, Jb 13:25; of tree Ez 17:24 (fig. of Davidic house; opp. עֵץ לָ֑ה), 21:3 (in prediction of Judah’s devastation by Babylon, opp. id.); Is 56:3 fig. of eunuch; of the bones in Ezek.’s vision Ez 37:2, 4.

† [יָקַד] vb. be kindled, burn (Aramaic יְקַד, ܝܺܩܶܕ, burn, intrans.; Arabic وَقَدَ, id.)— Qal Impf. 3 ms. יֵקַד Is 10:16; 3 fs. וַתִּיקַד Dt 32:22; Pt. act. f. יֹקֶ֫דֶת Is 65:5; pass. יָקוּד 30:14;—be kindled, fig. of judgment, יֵקַד יְקֹד כִּיקוֹד אֵשׁ Is 10:16; so burn, Dt 32:22 a fire hath been kindled (קָֽדְחָה) in my wrath, וַתִּיקַד עַד־שְׁאוֹל and it burneth unto Sheʾôl; fig. of people displeasing to י׳, אֵלֶּה עָשָׁן בְּאַפִּי אֵשׁ יֹקֶדֶת כָּל־הַיּוֹם Is 65:5; pt. יָקוּד kindled, as subst. לַחְתּוֹת אֵשׁ מִיָּקוּד 30:14 to take fire from that which is kindled, i. e. from the hearth (LgBN 60). Hoph. Impf. 3 fs. תּוּקַד Lv 6:2, 5, 6; תּוּקָ֑ד Je 15:14; 17:4;—be burning, burn, of (perpetual) altar-fire Lv 6:2, 5, 6 (P); fig. of י׳’s judgment, אֵשׁ קָֽדְחָה בְּאַפִּי עֲלֵיכֶם תּוּקָ֑ד Je 15:14, similarly 17:4 (cf. Dt 32:22 supr., as prob. source of both).

† [כֵּהֶה] adj.dim, dull, faint; only f. כֵּהָה Lv 13:6 + 6 times; pl. כֵּהוֹת Lv 13:39 1 S 3:2;—dim, of eyes 1 S 3:2; of burning wick (פִּשְׁתָּה כ׳) Is 42:3; dull (in colour, of plague-spots) Lv 13:6, 21, 26, 28, 39, 56; fig. = faint רוּחַ כ׳ Is 61:3 (opp. מַעֲטֵה תְהִלָּה).

ξηρός, ά, όν, dry, opposed to ὑγρός, of a dried-up river, Refs 5th c.BC+; μέτρα ξ. τε καὶ ὑγρά dry and liquid measures, Refs 5th c.BC+; ξ. γάλα, i.e. ripe cheese, Refs; so τυρὸς ξ., opposed to τυρὸς χλωρός, Refs 4th c.BC+; ἐν ξηροῖσιν ἐκτρέφειν on solid food, i.e. cereals, Refs 5th c.BC+; καρπὸς ξ., i.e. cereal, opposed to κ. ξύλινος, produce of trees, i. e. fruit, wine, or oil, Refs 5th c.BC+hay, Refs 3rd c.BC+; φοῖνιξ ξ. dried dates, Refs 2nd c.AD+; ξ. καρποί, opposed to οἶνος, ἔλαιον, Refs 2nd c.AD+; ξ. πυρίαι applications of dry heat, Refs 5th c.BC+; compare ξηροπυρία. adverb ξηρῶς by the use of dry powder, Refs 5th c.BC+ __2 of bodily condition, withered, lean, δέμας Refs 5th c.BC+costive, Refs 5th c.BC+ __3 of the voice, compare ξηρόφωνος. __II fasting: hence, generally, austere, τρόποι Refs 5th c.BC+; of persons, Refs 4th c.BC+; harsh, opposed to ἡδύς, Refs 5th c.BC+ __II.2 metaphorically, of style, πραγματεία ἀτερπὴς καὶ ξ. Refs 4th c.BC+aridity, Refs 4th c.BC+; of critics, ξηροὶ Καλλιμάχου πρόκυνες Refs 1st c.AD+ __III as substantive ἡ ξηρά (i.e. γῆ), dry land, opposed to ὑγρά, NT+5th c.BC+; ναῦς ἐπὶ τοῦ ξηροῦ ποιεῖν to leave the ships aground, Refs 5th c.BC+; τὸ ξ. τοῦ ποταμοῦ the part of its bed left dry, Refs 5th c.BC+ __III.2 ξηρά, ἡ, in a bath-house, room for dry heat, Refs 2nd c.AD+

σβέννῡμι, Refs 5th c.BC+; σβεννύω, Refs 5th c.BC+: imperfect ἐσβέννυον Refs 2nd c.AD+future σβέσω App Refs 5th c.BC+; Epic dialect σβέσσω Oracle texts cited in Refs 5th c.BC+: aorist ἔσβεσα Refs 8th c.BC+; Epic dialect infinitive σβέσσαι Refs 8th c.BC+; Ionic dialect infinitive κατα-ς βῶσαι Refs 3rd c.BC+perfect and aorist 2, see below:—middle, future σβήσομαι (ἀπο-) Refs 5th c.BC+: aorist σβέσαντο Refs 4th c.AD+:—passive, Refs 8th c.BC+: future σβεσθήσομαι Refs 2nd c.AD+: aorist ἐσβέσθην Refs 5th c.BC+; Epic dialect συν-έσβετο Refs 2nd c.AD+: perfect ἔσβεσμαι Refs 5th c.BC+:—besides these, aorist 2 and perfect and pluperfect active are used intransitive, ἔσβην Refs 8th c.BC+; imperative σβῆτε (transitive) Refs 5th c.BC+; participle ἀπο-σβείς Refs 5th c.BC+perfect ἔσβηκα (ἀπ-) Refs 5th c.BC+pluperfect ἐσβήκει (ἀπ-) Refs 5th c.BC+:—quench, put out, used by Refs 8th c.BC+; σ. τὸ καιόμενον Refs 5th c.BC+ __2 of liquids, dry up, ἡ Μηδικὴ πόα σ. τὸ γάλα Refs 4th c.BC+ __3 generally and metaphorically, quench, quell, check, κεῖνός γ᾽ οὐκ ἐθέλει σβέσσαι χόλον Refs 8th c.BC+; καῦμα (in the bowels) Refs 5th c.BC+; λιθάργυρον ὄξει ἢ οἴνῳ σ. cooling it, Refs 1st c.AD+; ὕδατι δίψαν σ. Refs 3rd c.BC+; σ. τυραννίδα epigram cited in Refs 1st c.AD+; regard as extinguishable, ταύτας τὰς δυνάμεις Refs 3rd c.AD+ __II passive σβέννυμαι (with intransitive tenses of active, see above), to be quenched, go out, of fire, οὐδέ ποτ᾽ ἔσβη πῦρ Refs 8th c.BC+; of inflamed pustules, go down, disappear, Refs 5th c.BC+; ἰχθύων.. ᾠὰ μετὰ ἁλῶν σβεσθέντα (assuming variant) καὶ ἐποπτηθέντα Refs 3rd c.BC+: metaphorically of men, become extinct, die, Refs 4th c.BC+; of a city,Refs 1st c.AD+ __II.2 of liquids, run dry, γάλα Refs 4th c.BC+; αἶγες σβεννύμεναι goats which are going off their milk, Refs 8th c.BC+ __II.3 generally, to be quelled or lulled, of wind, οὐδέ ποτ᾽ ἔσβη οὖρος Refs 8th c.BC+; of sound, σβέννυτο θωρήκων ἐνοπή Refs 1st c.AD+; ἐσβέσθη Νίκανδρος his charm is quenched, Refs; of an orator, Refs 1st c.BC+; of legal proceedings, to be cancelled, διὰ τὸ ἐσβέσθαι πᾶν σπέρμα δίκης Refs 5th c.BC+ zg[uglide]es-, compare ζείναμεν· σβέννυμεν, Refs 5th c.AD+, Lithuanian gèsti 'to be extinguished'.)

† חָֽרָבָה n.f. dry ground;—abs. ח׳ Gn 7:22 + 7 times; opp. הַיָּם Ex 14:21 (J). Hg 2:6; cf. Gn 7:22 (J); opp. water of Jordan Jos 3:17(×2) (J), 4:18 (E), 2 K 2:8; of Nile-arms וְנָתַתִּ֫י יְאֹרִים ח׳ Ez 30:12.

† [יָפַע] vb. only Hiph. shine out or forth, send out beams, cause to shine (NH id., in fig. senses; 𝔗 יְפַע; Assyrian Shaph. šûpu, shine, cause to shine, glorify, Lotz TP Col. vii 93 ZimBP 97, 105 SAS Asrb. ii. 18; cf. Arabic وَفْعٌ aedificium elatum; kindred seem to be يَفَعَ ascendit montem, adultus fuit; Sab. יפע raise, heighten Os ZMG 1865, 210 f., יפע name of a temple DHM ZMG 1883, 350)— Hiph. Pf. הוֹפִיעַ Dt 33:2 ψ 50:2; וְהוֹפִיעַ consec. Jb 37:15; 2 ms. הוֹפָ֑עְתָּ 10:3; Impf. 3 fs. תּוֹפַע 3:4; וַתּ֫וֹפַע 10:22; Imv. הוֹפִיעַ ψ 94:1; הוֹפִ֫יעָה 80:2;— 1. shine out, forth, display beams: of י׳ Dt 33:2 ψ 50:2; 80:2; 94:1 Jb 10:3 (sq. עַל); subj. נְהָרָה light Jb 3:4; 10:22 וַתֹּפַע כְּמוֹ אֹפֶל (of She’ôl). 2. cause to shine וְהוֹפִיעַ אוֹר עֲנָנוֹ Jb 37:15, subj. י׳.

† [יְקַד] vb. burn (v. BH);— Pe. Pt. act. f. יָקִדְתָּא Dn 3:6, 11, 15, 17, 20, 21, 23, 26.

† סַ֫עַר n.m. Je 23:19 tempest;—abs. ס׳ Am 1:14 + 5 times; סָ֑עַר ψ 55:9; pl. sf. סַעֲרֶיךָ 83:16;—tempest, especially fig.: of passionate acts of men, מֵרוּחַ סֹעָה מִסָּ֑עַר ψ 55:9 (מִסּ׳ here awkward, without ו); of י׳’s wrath Je 23:19 (ס׳ מִתְחוֹלֵל), cf. 25:32; 30:23; tempest as instr. of י׳’s wrath, ψ 83:16 (‖ סוּפָה); v. also בְּסַעַר בְּיוֹם סוּפָה Am 1:14 and Jon 1:4, 12.

† I. שָׁאַף vb. gasp, pant, pant after, long for (so 𝔗 Jb 7:2);— Qal Pf. 3 ms. וְשָׁאַף consec. Jb 5:5, 3 fs. שָֽׁאֲפָה Je 2:24, 3 pl. שָֽׁאֲפוּ 14:6; Impf. 3 ms. יִשְׁאַף Jb 7:2, etc.; Pt. act. שׁוֹאֵף Ec 1:5;— 1. gasp, as a woman in travail, fig. of י׳, Is 42:14 (‖ נָשַׁם); pant after, snuff up the wind (acc.), of wild ass Je 2:24; 14:6; constr. praegn. וְאֶל־מְקוֹמוֹ שׁ׳ Ec 1:5 unto his place he panteth (comes panting), of sun under fig. of racer. 2. gasp or pant with desire ψ 119:131 (‖ יָאַב); pant after, be eager for, c. acc. Jb 5:5 (cf. צַמִּים p. 855b), 7:2 (‖ יְקַזֶּה), 36:20 (but obscure in context).

θόρῠβ-ος, ὁ, noise, especially the confused noise of a crowded assembly, uproar, clamour, Refs 5th c.BC+; θόρυβος βοῆς a confused clamour, Refs 5th c.BC+; less frequently of an individual, Refs 5th c.BC+; of animals, θόρυβον δ᾽ οὐκ ἐφίλησαν ὄνων Refs __2 especially in token of approbation or the contrary, Refs 5th c.BC+ __2.a applause, θ. Ληναΐτης Refs 5th c.BC+ __2.b groans, murmurs, Refs 5th c.BC+; μεγάλοι θόρυβοι κατέχουσ᾽ ἡμᾶς great murmurs are abroad among us, Refs 5th c.BC+ __II tumult, confusion, θ. παρασχεῖν τινι Refs 5th c.BC+; ἐς θ. ἀπικέσθαι, καταστῆναι, Refs 5th c.BC+; κραυγὴ καὶ θ. Refs 4th c.BC+ __II.2 confusion of mind, θορύβους ἐνθυμηματικοὺς καὶ ἀποφθεγματικοὺς παρασκευάζειν Refs 4th c.BC+; ὁ παρὰ κακὰς δόξας θ. Refs 5th c.BC+ __III with infinitive, ἐς θόρυβον ἤλυθον.. λευσθῆναι I ran a risk of being stoned, Refs 5th c.BC+

λάμπω, Refs 8th c.BC+; Ionic dialectIterat. λάμπεσκεν Refs 5th c.BC+: future -ψω Refs 5th c.BC+: aorist ἔλαμψα Refs 5th c.BC+perfect λέλαμπα (in present sense) Refs 5th c.BC+:—middle, Refsimperfect ἐλαμπόμην, Epic dialect λαμπ-, Refs 8th c.BC+: future λάμψομαι (ἐλλ-) Refs 5th c.BC+:—passive, future λαμφθήσομαι (ἐλλ-) Refs 3rd c.AD+: aorist ἐλάμφθην Refs 1st c.AD+ (περι-): from these late forms of passive must be distinguished the similar Ionic dialect forms of λαμβάνω:—give light, shine, of the gleam of arms, τῆλε δὲ χαλκὸς λάμφ᾽ ὥς τε στεροπή Refs 8th c.BC+; λάμπε δὲ χαλκῷ, of Hector,Refs 5th c.BC+; of the eyes, ὀφθαλμὼ δ᾽ ἄρα οἱ πυρὶ λάμπετον Refs 8th c.BC+; of the sun, Refs 6th c.BC+; of fire, Refs 8th c.BC+:—middle, κόρυθος -ομένης Refs 8th c.BC+; of a person, - όμενος πυρί Refs 8th c.BC+ __2 of sound, ring loud and clear, παιὰν δὲ λάμπει Refs 5th c.BC+ __3 metaphorically, shine forth, be famous or conspicuous, λάμπει κλέος Refs 5th c.BC+ __3.b Astrology texts, of a planet, occupy a favourable position, Refs 2nd c.AD+ __4 of persons, φαιδρὸς λάμποντι μετώπῳ with beaming face, Refs 5th c.BC+; shine, gain glory, οὐδ᾽ εἰ Κλέων γ᾽ ἔλαμψε Refs 3rd c.BC+ __II transitive, cause to shine, illumine, δόλιον ἀκταῖς ἀστέρα λάμψας Refs 5th c.BC+—Found chiefly in poetry and Comedy texts, though the present and imperfect occur in Refs 5th c.BC+, and late Prose, and the aorist in Refs 5th c.BC+

πνέω, poetry πνείω as always in Refs 8th c.BC+future πνεύσομαι (ἐκ-) Refs 5th c.BC+; also πνευσοῦμαι LXX+5th c.BC+ is falsa lectio in Refs 4th c.BC+: aorist 1 ἔπνευσα Refs 8th c.BC+perfect πέπνευκα (ἐπι-) Refs 5th c.BC+ —passive, future πνευσθήσομαι (δια-) Refs 2nd c.AD+aorist ἐπνεύσθην (δι-) Refs 8th c.BC+present and imperfect, to which Trag. add future and aorist 1 active —For the form ἄμπνυε, see. {ἀναπνέω}; for ἀμπνύνθη, -πνυτο, see at {ἄμπνυτο}; and for perfect passive πέπνῡμαι, participle πεπνῡμένος, see at {πέπνυμαι}.—Like other disyllable Verbs in -έω, this Verb contracts only εε, εε; but ἐκπνέων is disyllable in Refs 4th c.BC+:—blow, of wind and air, οὐδέ ποτ᾽ οὖροι πνείοντες φαίνονθ᾽ Refs 8th c.BC+; τῷ πνέοντι (i.e. ἀνέμῳ or πνεύματι) Refs 2nd c.AD+; ἡ πνέουσα (i.e. αὔρα) NT; also of a flute-player, μέγα πνέων Refs 2nd c.AD+; and of the flutes themselves, αὐλοὺς ἡδὺ πνέοντας Refs; πνεῖται flutes are sounding, Refs 4th c.BC+ __II breathe, send forth an odour, ἀμβροσίη.. ἡδὺ πνείουσα Refs 8th c.BC+; π. εὐῶδες, δυσῶδες, Refs 1st c.AD+ __II.2 with accusative, breathe out, send forth, Ζεφύρου πνείοντος ἐέρσην Refs 3rd c.BC+ __II.3 with genitive, breathe or smell of a thing, οὐ μύρου πνέον Refs 5th c.BC+: rarely with dative, μύροισι π. smell with.., Refs: frequently metaphorically, breathe, be redolent of, Χαρίτων πνείοντα μέλη Refs 4th c.BC+; φόνου π. conjecture in Refs 1st c.BC+ __III of perceptible breathing, [ἵππω] πνείοντε κατ᾽ ὤμων Refs 8th c.BC+ __IV generally, draw breath, breathe: hence, live, Refs 8th c.BC+; οἱ πνέοντες, ={οἱ ζῶντες}, Refs 5th c.BC+ __V metaphorically, with accusative cognate, breathe forth, μένεα πνείοντες breathing spirit, epithet of warriors, Refs 8th c.BC+; φρενὸς πνέων τροπαίαν Refs; πνέων χάριν τινίRefs 5th c.BC+; τρέχει τις Ἀλφειὸν πνέων, of a swift runner, Refs; and in a rhetorical passage, οἱ πῦρ πνέοντες, οἱ νενικηκότες Λακεδαιμονίους Refs 5th c.BC+ __V.2 with neuter adjectives or Prons., πνέοντες μεγάλα giving themselves airs, Refs 5th c.BC+; τόσονδ᾽ ἔπνευσαςRefs 5th c.BC+ breathing over their shields, i. e. unable to repress their rage for war, Refs 8th c.BC+; ᾧ σὺ μὴ πνεύσῃς ἐνδέξιος on whom thou breathest not favourably, Refs 3rd c.BC+

σκῐά, ᾶς, Ionic dialect σκῐή, ῆς, ἡ, shadow, Refs 8th c.BC+; σκιὰ ἀντίστοιχος ὥς like the shadow that is one's double, Refs 5th c.BC+ __2 reflection, image (in a bowl of oil), Refs 8th c.BC+ __3 shade of one dead, phantom, Refs 8th c.BC+; κατθανὼν δὲ πᾶς ἀνὴρ γῆ καὶ σ. Refs 5th c.BC+; also, of one worn to a shadow, Refs 4th c.BC+; κακωθεὶς δ᾽ οὐδὲν ἄλλ᾽ εἰμ᾽ ἢ σ. Refs 5th c.BC+: frequently in proverbs of man's mortal estate, σκιᾶς ὄναρ ἄνθρωπος Refs 5th c.BC+; ὁρῶ γὰρ ἡμᾶς οὐδὲν ἄλλο πλὴν εἴδωλα.. ἢ κούφην σ. Refs; of human affairs, εὐτυχοῦντα μὲν σκιᾷ τις ἂν πρέψειεν Refs 4th c.BC+; οὐδὲν μᾶλλον ἢ καπνοῦ σ. Refs; of worthless things, τἄλλ᾽ ἐγὼ καπνοῦ σκιᾶς οὐκ ἂν πριαίμην Refs 5th c.BC+; περὶ ὄνου σκιᾶς [μάχεσθαι] Refs 5th c.BC+ wrote a Comedy texts entitled Ὄνου σκι; ἡ ἐν Δελφοῖς σ. that phantom at Delphi, of the Amphictyonic council, Refs 4th c.BC+; αἱ τοῦ δικαίου σ. mere shadows of.., Refs 5th c.BC+; σκιαὶ τῶν ὄντων, ἀλλ᾽ οὐκ εἰδώλων σRefs 4th c.BC+ __4 evil spirit, Refs 6th c.AD+ __II shade of trees, etc., as a protection from heat, πετραίη τε σκιή the shade of a rock, Refs 8th c.BC+; ἐν σκιῇ ἑζόμενοςRefs 5th c.BC+; ἐν σκιᾷ, i.e. indoors, Refs 5th c.BC+; σκιὰν ὑπερτείνασα Σειρίου κυνός shade from its heat, Refs 5th c.BC+ __III shadow in painting, τὰ λαμπρὰ τῇ σκιᾷ τρανότερα ποιοῦσι Refs 1st c.BC+; ἀνθρώπων πρῶτος ἐξευρὼν φθορὰν καὶ ἀπόχρωσιν σκιᾶς, of the painter Apollodorus, Refs 1st c.AD+ __III.2 silhouette, profile, Διόδωρος σ. Ἀντιφίλου ἐποίησεν Refs 2nd c.BC+ __III.3 perhaps coloured border on a garment, καλάσηριν ἢ ὑπόδυμα μὴ ἔχον σκιάς Refs 4th c.BC+ __IV an uninvited guest, introduced by another (Latin umbra), Refs 1st c.AD+. (Cf. Sanskrit chāyā´ 'shadow'.)

† חֹ֫רֶף n.m. harvest-time, autumn (Arabic خَرِيفٌ freshly gathered fruit, autumn (also rain of autumn or beginning of winter) = Sab. חֿרפ(ן) DHMZMG 1875, xxix. 597; Sab. חֿרף, חֿרפם = year, cf. Ethiopic ኀሪፍ annus currens Os(Levy)ZMG 1865, 168, 174 DHMZMG 1883, 369; Assyrian ḫarpu, SchrJPTh 1875, 341 KAT2 53 n. = COT i. 54 n.)—abs. ח׳ Zc 14:8 + 5 times; sf. חָרְפִּי Jb 29:4;—קַיִץ וָחֹרֶף Gn 8:22 (J), ψ 74:17 Zc 14:8; בֵּית הַח׳ autumn-house or palace Am 3:15 Je 36:22 (+ בַּחֹדֶשׁ הַתְּשִׁיעִי in the 9th month, i.e. Nov.–Dec.); מח׳ עָצֵל לֹא יַחֲרֹשׁ Pr 20:4 a sluggard ploughs not after harvest; as implying maturity, בִּימֵי חָרְפִּי Jb 29:4 in the days of my autumn (prime).

† I. [כָּהָה] vb. be or grow dim, faint (NH id.; Aramaic כְּהָא; cf. Arabic كَهِىَ be أَكْهَى, i.e. weak, cowardly)— Qal Pf. 3 fs. כָּֽהֲתָה Dt 34:7; Impf. יִכְהֶה Is 42:4; 3 fs. תִּכְהֶה Zc 11:17; וַתֵּ֫כַהּ Jb 17:7; וַתִּכְהֶיןָ Gn 27:1: Inf. abs. כָּהֹה Zc 11:17;—grow dim, of eye Gn 27:1 (J), Dt 34:7 Jb 17:7; of violent putting out of eye Zc 11:17(×2); he shall not grow dim Is 42:4, of servant of י׳ under fig. of lamp or fire (v. Kay Che De), or grow faint (cf. Di). Pi. Pf. 3 fs. וְכִהֲתָה consec. Ez 21:12 (subj. כָּל־רוּחַ; ‖ וְנָמֵס כָּל־לֵב) grow faint (Pi intrans., Ges§ 52 k, Köi. 187; but read perhaps כָּֽהֲתָה).

† מַחְשָׁךְ n.m. dark place (poet.)—abs. מ׳ Is 29:15; 42:16; מַחְשָׁ֑ךְ ψ 88:19; pl. מַחֲשַׁכִּים 88:7; 143:3 = La 3:6; cstr. מַחֲשַׁכֵּי ψ 74:20;—dark place: a. = hiding-place מח׳־ארץ 74:20. b. dark region, in which men may lose their way Is 42:16. c. = grave, or שׁאול ψ 88:19 (v. Che); of dark place of God’s wrath (like Sheʾôl) 88:7; cf. 143:3 = La 3:6. d. = secret place, secrecy (of plots) Is 29:15.

† [סָעַר] vb. storm, rage (Ecclus. סער Hiph. 47:17 move tempestuously; סְעָרָה storm-wind 43:17; 48:9; NH Pi. stir up, blow, סְעָרָה storm-wind; = II. שָׂעַר, but relation obscure; Assyrian šâru, wind, favours originality of שׂ׳, but this only late in Heb., and for ס׳ Frä 189 cp. Arabic سَعَرَ kindle fire, excite, inflame, be vehemently hungry and thirsty, be mad, insane, etc. Lane 1363);— Qal Impf. 3 mpl. fig., יִסְעֲרוּ Hb 3:14 they [my foes] storm along to scatter me; Pt. act. סֹעֵר Jon 1:11 the sea was growing more and more stormy, so v 13 (+ עֲלֵיהֶם); f. סֹעֲרָה Is 54:11 storm-tossed (fig. of Jerusalem). Niph. Impf. 3 ms. וַיִּסָּעֵר 2 K 6:11 and the heart of the king … was enraged because of (עַל־) this thing. Pi. Impf. 1 s. sf. וְאֵסָֽעֲרֵם עַל־ Zc 7:14 (on form v. Ges§§ 23 h, 52 n) and storm them away (hurl them by a storm-wind) upon the nations. Po. Impf. 3 ms. כְּמֹץ יְסֹעֵר Ho 13:3 shall be like chaff (which) is storm-driven from a threshing-floor.

† קֶ֫רַח n.m. Jb 38:29 frost, ice;—abs. ק׳ Gn 31:40 +, קָ֑רַח Jb 6:16 +; sf. קַרְחוֹ ψ 147:17;— 1. frost of night (opp. חֹרֶב of day), Gn 31:40 (E), Je 36:30. 2. ice, Jb 6:16; 37:10; 38:29 (‖ כְּפֹר hoarfrost), מַשְׁלִיךְ ק׳ כְפִתִּים ψ 147:17 (Hup al. think of hail, but v. Bae; ‖ קָרָה cold, שֶׁלֶג, כְּפוֹר v 16); probably also כְּעֵין ק׳ Ez 1:22 (so Krae; most crystal, after 𝔊).

† רֹ֫גֶז n.m.Jb 3:26 agitation, excitement, raging;—ר׳ abs. Hb 3:2 +, cstr. Jb 37:2; sf. רָגְזֶ֑ךָ Is 14:3;—raging Jb 3:17; disquiet, turmoil Is 14:3 Jb 3:26; 14:1; raging, wrath Hb 3:2; ר׳ קֹלוֹ Jb 37:2 rumbling of his voice (i.e. thunder); of excitement of warhorse, בְּרַעַשׁ וְרֹגֶז 39:24.

πῠρόω, (πῦρ) burn with fire, burn up, τὰς Ἀθήνας Refs 5th c.BC+; burn as a burnt sacrifice, ὀσφῦν Refs 5th c.BC+; burn on a pyre, ἣν πεπύρωκαν (sic) ἐγώ Refs; π. Κύκλωπος ὄψιν burn out his eye, Refs 5th c.BC+ —middle, παῖδα πυρωσαμένη having placed my son on the pyre, Refs 1st c.AD+:—passive, to be set on fire, to be burnt, πυρωθέντων Τρώων Refs 5th c.BC+ __b π. τὴν γεῦσιν, τὴν γλῶσσαν, seem hot to the taste or tongue, Refs 1st c.AD+ __c ἡ ζεστολουσία.. πυροῦσα τὴν ἐπιφάνειαν reddening or warming up the surface, Refs 1st c.AD+ __2 metaphorically, set on fire, inflame, Ἔρως σὺ δ᾽ εὐθέως με πύρωσον Refs:—passive, to be inflamed or excited, παραγγέλμασιν.. πυρωθεὶς καρδίαν Refs 4th c.BC+; τινι by a person (with love), NT+1st c.AD+ __II absolutely, produce fire, Refs 4th c.BC+:—passive, to become fire, to be ignited, Refs 5th c.BC+ __III treat with fire: roast, grill, Refs 5th c.BC+; bake, πλίνθους Refs 4th c.BC+; warm on the fire, Refs 2nd c.BC+; melt, [ἀργυρώματα] Refs 3rd c.BC+; make red hot, Refs 1st c.AD+; fumigate, δῶμα θεείῳ Refs 3rd c.BC+; cauterize, Refs 4th c.BC+ __III.2 passive, to be affected by fire, ὁ χρυσὸς οὐ πυροῦται Refs __III.3 of gold, to be proved or tested by fire, χρυσίον πεπυρωμένον ἐκ πυρός NT: metaphorically, proved by fire, approved, LXX+1st c.AD+ __III.4 to be affected by heart-burn, Refs 1st c.AD+

χειμών, ῶνος, ὁ, (χεῖμα) winter, χειμῶνος δυσθαλπέος ὅς ῥά τε ἔργων ἀνθρώπους ἀνέπαυσεν Refs 8th c.BC+; χειμῶνι in winter, Refs 5th c.BC+; also χειμῶνος in winter-time, Refs 5th c.BC+; χ. μέσου in mid-winter, Refs 5th c.BC+in the course of the winter, Refs 5th c.BC+; διὰ χειμῶνος, διὰ τοῦ χ., Refs 5th c.BC+during winter, Refs 5th c.BC+; τὸν χ. during the winter, Refs 5th c.BC+; ὄρος ἄβατον ὑπὸ χειμῶνος in consequence of the cold weather, Refs 5th c.BC+; opposed to καύματα, Refs 5th c.BC+ __2 the wintry quarter of the heavens, the north, Βορέης καὶ χ. Refs 5th c.BC+ __II wintry, stormy weather: generally, storm, ἐπεὶ οὖν χειμῶνα φύγον καὶ ἀθέσφατον ὄμβρον Refs 8th c.BC+; χ. νοτερός a storm of rain, Refs 5th c.BC+ because of the winter-storms, Refs 5th c.BC+ __II.2 metaphorically, θεόσσυτος χ. storm of calamity sent by the gods, Refs 4th c.BC+; χ. καὶ κακῶν τρικυμίαRefs; δορὸς.. ἐν χειμῶνι in the storm of battle, Refs 5th c.BC+; θολερῷ.. χ. νοσήσας, of the madness of Ajax, Refs; χ. γήρως βαρύς, of life's winter, Refs 1st c.AD+; of a person, χ. ὁ μειρακίσκος ἐστὶ τοῖς φίλοις Refs 4th c.BC+: rare in Prose, of battle, Refs 1st c.AD+; of mental and moral trouble, Refs 4th c.BC+; χ. τοῦ κλύδωνος χαλεπώτερος, of pirates, Refs 4th c.AD+ to have trouble (in cutting teeth), Refs 5th c.BC+

† אִישׁוֹן n.[m.] pupil of eye (cf. DlHA 9 PrätLOPh, Feb. 1884, but also Ar. إِنْسَانٌ العَيْنِ, & NöZMG 1886, 739)—א׳ all cstr.—א׳ עַיִן Dt 32:10 Pr 7:2; א׳ בַּת־עַיִן ψ 17:8 (in all, sim. of preciousness); = middle, midst of night בְּא׳ לַיְלָה וַאֲפֵלָה Pr 7:9; בְּא׳ חֹשֶׁךְ 20:20 Kt i.e. in deep darkness (Qr בֶּאֱשׁוּן v. Now).

† נָגַהּ vb. shine (Assyrian nagû, shine, beam, be joyful, DlHWB 446; Ethiopic ነግሀ: Aramaic ܢܓܰܗ; NH 𝔗 נוֹגְהָא planet Venus)— Qal Pf. ועל־דרכיך נ׳ אוֹר Jb 22:28; אור נ׳ עליהם Is 9:1; Impf. ולא־יִגַּהּ שְׁבִיב אִשּׁוֹ Jb 18:5. Hiph. Impf. 1. enlighten ויהוה יַגִּיהַּ חָשְׁכִּי 2 S 22:29 = יהוה אלהי יַגִּהַּ חשׁכי ψ 18:29. 2. cause to shine (of moon) וְיָרֵחַ לא־יַגִּיהַּ אוֹרוֹ׃ Is 13:10 (‖ חָשַׁך).

† II. רָגַע vb. be at rest, repose (prob. = Arabic رَجَعَ return, proposes return to rest, after wanderings, etc.);— Niph. Imv. 2 fs. Je 47:6 (of sword) be gathered into thy scabbard, הֵרָֽגְעִי וָדֹ֫מִּי repose, and be still. Hiph. a. trans. give rest to;—Inf. cstr. Je 31:2 הָלוֹךְ לְהַרְגִּיעוֹ I will go to give him (Isr.) rest, 50:34 לְמַעַן הִרְגִּיעַ את־הארץ (on הִ׳, v. Ges§ 531 Dr Dt 7:24; read prob. הַ׳); Is 51:4 ומשׁפטי לאור עמים אַרְגִּיעַ usually I will cause my judgment (religion) to repose as, etc. (i.e. I will establish it; cf. שִׂים 42:4); but metaph. strange: hence Bachm Che Marti (joining to v 5) צִדְקִי (אֲקָרֵב 46:13) אַרְגִּיעַ אַקְּרִיב in a moment (I. רָגַע Hiph.) will I bring near, etc., Du הִרְגִּיעַ קָרֵב, Oort Ry Kit בְּרֶגַע קָרֵב (cf. 𝔊 ἐγγίζει ταχύ). b. intrans. rest, repose, Dt 28:65 ובגוים ההם לא תַרְגִּיעַ, Is 34:14 שָׁם הִרְגִּ֫יעָה לִילִית. So Ecclus 36:31.

† רַ֫עַם n.[m.] thunder;—ascribed to י׳: ר׳ abs. Is 29:6, בְּסֵתֶר רַ֑עַם ψ 81:8 (Baer Gi; i. e. thunder-cloud); sf. קוֹל רַעַמְךָ 77:19; 104:7; cstr. רַעַם גבורתו Jb 26:14 (fig. of י׳’s display of might; opp. שֵׁמֶץ); fig. of captins, ר׳ שָׂרִים 39:25, i.e. thunderous shouting (+ תְּרוּעָה).

† I. [שָׁאָה] vb. make a din or crash, crash into ruins (perhaps akin to שׁוֹאָה (√ שׁוא) storm, devastation; > Aramaic ܫܗܳܐ be deserted, שַׁהֲוָוא, שַׁהֲוָתָא desert);— Qal Pf. 3 pl. שָׁאוּ Is 6:11 until cities have crashed into ruins; + perhaps Na 1:5 (p. 671a). Niph. Impf. 3 fs. תִּשָּׁאֶה שְׁמָמָה Is 6:11, usually, and the ground be ruined into a desolation, but 𝔊 Lo Du Marti תִּשָּׁאֵר be left a desol.; 3 mpl. יִשָּׁא֑וּן Is 17:12 they are in uproar (of nations, ‖ יֶהֱמָיוּן), v 13 (but del. as doublet Du CheHpt. Marti). Hiph. Inf. cstr. לְהַשְׁאוֹת Is 37:26, = לַהְשׁוֹת 2 K 19:25 (Ges§ 23 f Köi. 570, who follow van d. H. in giving לְהַשְׁאוֹת as Qr, but v. Baer Gi), to cause … cities to crash into ruined heaps.

† שָׁחֹר adj. black;—שׁ׳ of hair Lv 13:31, 37 (P), so fpl. שְׁחֹרוֹת Ct 5:11; of skin, fs. שְׁחוֹרָה 1:5; of horses, mpl. שְׁחֹרִים Zc 6:2, 6.

ἀκατα-στᾰσία, ἡ, instability, anarchy, confusion, NT+2nd c.BC+ __II unsteadiness, τοῦ σώματοςRefs 3rd c.BC+

ἅπτω, future ἅψω: aorist ἧψα:—passive, perfect ἧμμαι, Ionic dialect ἅμμαιRefs 5th c.BC+: future ἅψομαιRefs 8th c.BC+ (συν-) Refs 2nd c.AD+ —middle, see.below (compare ἑάφθη):—fasten or bind to, used by Refs 8th c.BC+active, ἅψας ἀμφοτέρωθεν.. ἔντερον οἰός (of a lyre-string) Refs 8th c.BC+; once in middle, ἁψαμένη βρόχον.. ἀφ᾽ ὑψηλοῖο μελάθρου having fastened the noose to the beam (to hang herself), Refs; so later ἅψεται ἀμφὶ βρόχον.. δείρᾳRefs 5th c.BC+:—active, βρόχους ἅ. κρεμαστούςRefs 5th c.BC+ __2 join, ἅ. χορόνRefs 4th c.BC+; πάλην τινὶ ἅ. fasten a contest in wrestling on one, engage with one, Refs: —passive, ἅπτεσθαι τὴν Μεγαρέων πόλιν καὶ Κορινθίων τοῖς τείχεσινRefs 4th c.BC+ __II more frequently in middle, ἅπτομαι, future ἅψομαι, aorist ἡψάμηνRefs 5th c.BC+, with perfect passive ἧμμαιRefs 5th c.BC+:—fasten oneself to, grasp, c.genitive, ἅψασθαι γούνωνRefs 8th c.BC+; ἅπτεσθαί τινος, Latin manus inicere alicui, Refs 5th c.BC+; τῶν σφυγμῶν feel the pulse, Refs 2nd c.AD+: metaphorically, take hold of, cleave to, Refs 5th c.BC+ __II.b absolutely, τῶν μὲν γὰρ πάντων βέλε᾽ ἅπτεται for the spears of all the Trojans reach their mark, Refs 8th c.BC+ __II.c ἅ. τῆς γῆς land, Refs 1st c.BC+ __III metaphorically, engage in, undertake, βουλευμάτωνRefs 5th c.BC+; πολέμου prosecute it vigorously, Refs 5th c.BC+; ἐπιτηδεύματοςRefs 5th c.BC+ attack, impugn the argument of another, Refs; τούτων ἥψατο touched on these points, handled them, Refs 5th c.BC+; but also, touch on, treat superficially, Refs 5th c.BC+ __III.b absolutely, begin, set to work, ταῖς διανοίαιςRefs 5th c.BC+ __III.2 fasten upon, attack, Refs 5th c.BC+; of diseases, ἧπταί μουRefs 5th c.BC+; ὅσα ἅπτεται ἀνθρώπων all that feed on human flesh, Refs __III.2.b lay hands on, χρημάτωνRefs 5th c.BC+ __III.3 touch, affect, ἄλγος οὐδὲν ἅπτεται νεκροῦRefs 5th c.BC+; make an impression upon, ἡμῶνRefs 2nd c.BC+ __III.4 grasp with the senses, perceive, Refs 5th c.BC+; apprehend, τῆς αἰτίαςRefs 4th c.BC+ __III.5 have intercourse with a woman, NT+5th c.BC+ __III.6 come up to, reach, overtake, Refs 5th c.BC+; attain, τῆς ἀληθείαςRefs 5th c.BC+; but also with genitive, Ἡρακλέος σταλᾶνRefs __III.7 make use of, avail oneself of, τῆς τύχηςRefs 5th c.BC+ __III.8 Geometry texts, of bodies and surfaces, to be in contact, Refs 4th c.BC+; of lines or curves, meet, Refs 3rd c.BC+; touch, Refs 3rd c.BC+; pass through a point, Refs 3rd c.BC+; of points, lie on a line or curve,Refs; ἅπτεται τὸ σημεῖον θέσει δεδομένης εὐθείας the locus of the point is a given straight line, Refs 3rd c.AD+ __B active, kindle, set on fire (i.e. by contact of fire), Refs 5th c.BC+ (so in middle, Refs 5th c.BC+:—passive, to be set on fire, ὁ μοχλὸς ἐλάϊνος ἐν πυρὶ μέλλεν ἅψεσθαιRefs 8th c.BC+; ὡς ἅφθη τάχιστα τὸ λήιον.. ἅψατο νηοῦ as soon as the corn caught fire, it set fire to the temple, Refs 5th c.BC+; πυρῆς ἤδη ἁμμένηςRefs 5th c.BC+ __B.II ἅ. πῦρ kindle a fire, Refs:—passive, ἄνθρακες ἡμμένοι red-hot embers, Refs 5th c.BC+ __B.III cook, Refs 2nd c.AD+

ἐκμάσσω, Attic dialect ἐκμάττω, perfect ἐκμέμᾰχα (ἐκμέμα-κα codices) conjecture in Refs 1st c.BC+aorist 2 passive -εμάγην [ᾰ] Refs 5th c.BC+; also aorist I participle ἐκμαχθείς Refs 5th c.AD+:—wipe off, wipe away, κάρᾳ κηλῖδας ἐξέμαξεν Refs 5th c.BC+; ἔκμασσε [τὸ αἷμα] Refs 5th c.BC+:—middle, wipe away one's tears, Refs 2nd c.AD+ __2 wipe dry, ὑπὸ σπόγγου Refs 5th c.BC+; [τοὺς ἔμπροσθεν πόδας] ἐ. εἰς τοὺς μέσους, of bees, Refs 4th c.BC+ __II of an artist, mould or model in wax or plaster, αὑτὸν ἐκμάττειν τε καὶ ἐνιστάναι εἰς τοὺς τῶν κακιόνων τύπους to mould and adapt oneself to.., Refs 5th c.BC+; of pessaries, Refs 5th c.BC+:—so in middle, Refs; ὧν ἔτι θερμὰ κονία.. ἐκμάσσεται ἴχνη of whose yet warm footsteps the dust receives the impress, Refs 3rd c.BC+; express, imitate, ἵππου γενεήν Refs 2nd c.BC+; ἐς τὸ ἀκριβέστατον ἐξεμάξατο τὸν διδάσκαλον he was the image of his master, Refs 4th c.AD+ —passive, μάλθης ἄναγνα σώματ᾽ ἐκμεμαγμένοι (variant{-μένα}) Refs 5th c.BC+; ἐκεῖνος αὐτὸς ἐκμεμαγμένος his very image, Refs 5th c.BC+; ὃ ἂν ἐκμαγῇ whatever be impressed, whatever impression be made (compare ἐκμαγεῖον), Refs 5th c.BC+; τὴν ἰδέαν τοῦ παιδὸς ἐκμεμάχθαι had impressed upon him the image of the boy, Refs 1st c.AD+

ἐξᾰλείφω, perfect passive ἐξαλήλιμμαι (see. below): subjunctive aorist 2 passive ἐξαλῐφῇ variant in Refs 5th c.BC+:— plaster or wash over, τοῦ σώματος τὸ ἥμισυ ἐξηλείφοντο γύψῳ Refs 5th c.BC+; ᾗ ἔτυχε.. οὐκ ἐξαληλιμμένον τὸ τεῖχος where it was not whitewashed, Refs 5th c.BC+:—middle, anoint, μύρῳ βρενθείῳ ἐξαλείψαο Refs 7th c.BC+ __II wipe out, obliterate, ἐξαλειφθεῖσ᾽ ὡς ἄγαλμα Refs 5th c.BC+: metaphorically, wipe out of one's mind, πάντα τὰ πρόσθεν Refs 5th c.BC+; [ὑπόνοιαν] Refs 4th c.BC+; cancel, ἐ. ψηφίσματα Refs 5th c.BC+; ἐξαλειφόντων (i.e. τὸ ὀφείλημα) Refs; especially at Athens, ἐ. τινὰ ἐκ τοῦ καταλόγου strike his name off the roll, Refs 5th c.BC+; opposed to ἐγγράφω, Refs 5th c.BC+ —middle, ἐξαλείψασθαι τὰς ἀπογραφάς to get one's inventory cancelled, Refs 5th c.BC+ blot it out from one's mind, Refs 5th c.BC+ __II.2 metaphorically, wipe out, destroy, μὴ 'ξαλείψῃς σπέρμα Πελοπιδῶν Refs 5th c.BC+:—passive, ἡ Σπάρτης εὐδαιμονίη οὐκ ἐξηλείφετο Refs 5th c.BC+

ζόφος, ὁ, nether darkness, ἱεμένων Ἔρεβόσδε ὑπὸ ζόφον NT+8th c.BC+; Ἀΐδης δ᾽ ἔλαχε ζόφον ἠερόεντα obtained the realms of gloom for his share, Refs 8th c.BC+ __2 generally, gloom, darkness, NT+8th c.BC+; χειμέριος ζ. the gloom of winter, Refs 5th c.BC+ __II the dark quarter, i.e. the West, ἤδη γὰρ φάος οἴχεθ᾽ ὑπὸ ζόφον Refs 8th c.BC+; ποτὶ ζόφον, opposed to πρὸς ἠῶ τ᾽ ἠέλιόν τε, Refs 8th c.BC+ (the North accusative to Refs 1st c.BC+; Γαδείρων τὸ πρὸς ζόφον to the west of.., Refs 5th c.BC+ —poetical and later Prose. (Prob. _cognate_ with ζέφυρος.)

κῦμα, ατος, τό, (κύω) anything swollen (as if pregnant): hence, __I wave, billow, of rivers as well as the sea, in singular and plural; κ. θαλάσσης Refs 8th c.BC+; κύματ᾽ ἐπ᾽ ἠϊόνος κλύζεσκον Refs 5th c.BC+ when the swell abated, Refs 5th c.BC+ __I.2 metaphorically, flood of men, κ. χερσαῖον στρατοῦ Refs 4th c.BC+ __I.2.b of the waves of adversity, etc., κ. ἄτης, κακῶν, Refs 5th c.BC+; κελαινοῦ κ. μένος, of passion, Refs 5th c.BC+ __I.2.c phrases: μάτην με κῦμ᾽ ὅπως παρηγορῶν Refs 5th c.BC+ __I.3 Architecture texts, waved moulding, cyma, Λέσβιον κ. Refs 4th c.BC+ __II from κύω (as κύημα from κυέω), foetus, embryo, νεόσπορον Refs 5th c.BC+; of the earth, κ. λαμβάνειν Refs 4th c.BC+ __II.2 young sprout of plants, Refs 4th c.BC+; especially of a cabbage, Refs 2nd c.AD+

σκοτίζω, make dark, τὸν θεὸν τὸν φωτίζοντα καὶ σκοτίζοντα τὸν κόσμον Refs 3rd c.AD+; get in the light of, ἐνέργειαν Refs 1st c.BC+; stupefy, σκορπίους Refs 1st c.AD+:—passive, to be darkened, Refs 1st c.AD+; to be blinded, σκοτισθήτωσαν οἱ ὀφθαλμοὶ αὐτῶν LXX+NT; to be dizzy, Refs 5th c.BC+

φωτεινός, ή, όν, (φῶς) shining, bright, ἥλιος Refs 5th c.BC+; σκοτεινὰ καὶ φ. [σώματαLXX+1st c.AD+ __II metaphorically, clear, distinct, λόγος Refs 1st c.AD+; also in moral sense, NT+5th c.AD+

† I. אוּר n.m. flame. לְכוּ בְאוּר אֶשְׁכֶם walk in the flame of your fire Is 50:11, & so fire itself, whose light & flame were seen 44:16; 47:14—exile Is. + 31:9 & Ez 5:2 (Co אשׁ).

† חֲשֵׁכָה n.f. darkness (chiefly poet.)—ח׳ Gn 15:12 + 2 times, so read also prob. Mi 3:6 (for MT חָֽשְׁכָה); חֲשֵׁיכָה ψ 139:12; cstr. חֶשְׁכַּת ψ 18:12; pl. חֲשֵׁכִים Is 50:10;—darkness, opp. light (אוֹרָה) ψ 139:12; supernat., ח׳ גדולה Gn 15:12 (JE); חֶשְׁכַּת־מַיִם ψ 18:12 in theoph. (but ‖ 2 S 22:12 חַשְׁרַת־מים a mass of water); fig. = lack of understanding ψ 82:5; = distress Is 8:22 (‖ צָרָה), 50:10.

† מִכְוָה n.f. burnt-spot, scar of a burn; מִכְוַת־אֵשׁ Lv 13:24; מִכְוָה v 24, 25, 28(×2) (all P).

† [קָדַח] vb. be kindled, kindle (NH id., also bore, Aramaic קְדַח, ܩܕܰܚ bore, kindle; Arabic قَدَحَ strike fire (with flint, etc.); Ph. מקדח is lamp-lighter (in temple) according to CISi. No. 352, 1, 3);— Qal 1. be kindled: Pf. 3 fs. אֵשׁ קָֽדְחָה בְּאַפִּי Dt 32:22 Je 15:14; 17:4 (reading קָֽדְחָה for קְדַחְתֶּם), all of י׳’s wrath. 2. act. kindle; Inf. cstr. כִּקְדֹחַ אֵשׁ הֲמָסִים Is 64:1 (v. [הֶמֶס]); Pt. קֹדְחֵי אֵשׁ 50:11.

† קָרָה n.f. id.;—abs. בְּיוֹם ק׳ Na 3:17 a day of coldness, cold day, so Pr 25:20; ק׳ alone, cold of night Jb 24:7; in gen., due to winds 37:9 (מִמְּזָרִים v. זרה Pi.; yet Voigt Bu, attractively, מִמְּזָוִים (cf. ψ 144:13) out of storehouses [‖ חֶדֶר]); לִפְנֵי קָרָתוֹ מִי יַעֲמֹד ψ 147:17, + pl. Zc 14:6 (read וְקָרוֹת, v. יָקָר).

† [רָעַף] vb. trickle, drip, synon. of נזל, II. ערף (cf. Arabic رَعَفَ flow (of blood), bleed (of the nose));— Qal Impf. 3 mpl. יִרְעֲפוּ, of clouds Jb 36:28 (c. עֲלֵי pers.; ‖ יִזְּלוּ), c. acc. mat. טַל Pr 3:20; fig. מַעְגָּלֶיךָ יִרְעֲפוּן דָּ֑שֶׁן ψ 65:12 (i.e. fertilizing rain); subj. of moistened ground, נְאוֹת מִדְבָּר, v 13. Hiph. Imv. mpl. הַרְעִיפוּ Is 45:8 trickle, O heavens, from above (fig.: ‖ יִזְּלוּ צֶדֶק).

† I. שָׂרָף n.m. Is 14:29 fiery, serpent, usually venomous (poss. from above √, from burning effect of poison);—abs. שׂ׳ Nu 21:8 (JE; on Arabic parallels v. JacobAr. Dichter ii. 93, iv. 10 f.), appos. נָחָשׁ שׂ׳ Dt 8:15, pl. הַנְּחָשִׁים הַשְּׂרָפִים Nu 21:6; a flying serpent, or dragon, שָׂרָף מְעוֹפֵף Is 14:29; 30:6.

ἄσβεστος, ον, also η, ον Refs 8th c.BC+:— unquenchable, inextinguishable, φλόξRefs 8th c.BC+ [same place]; not quenched, πῦρ ἄ.Refs 8th c.BC+; ἄ. πόρος ὠκεανοῦ ocean's ceaseless flow, Refs 4th c.BC+; πῦρ, of hell, NT __II as substantive, ἄσβεστος (i.e. τίτανος), ἡ, unslaked lime, Refs 3rd c.BC+ __II.2 a mineral or gem, Refs 1st c.AD+. ἀσβεστώδης· tofus, Refs

κατα-κλυσμός, ὁ, flood, Refs 5th c.BC+; inundation, Refs 5th c.BC+ __2 metaphorically, κ. τῶν πραγμάτων political deluge, Refs 4th c.BC+ __II Medic.. affusion, douche, Refs

καυμᾰτ-ίζω, burn, scorch up, NT:—passive, to be burnt up, NT; become heated, suffer from heat, Refs 1st c.AD+

παραχειμ-άζω, perfect participle -κεχειμακώςNT:—winter at a place, Refs 4th c.BC+

στερεός, ά, όν, also στερρός (which see), firm, solid, σ. λίθος ἠὲ σίδηρος Refs 8th c.BC+; αἰχμὴ σ. πᾶσα χρυσέη all of solid gold, Refs 5th c.BC+; τὰ -ώτερα τῶν ὀστέων, opposed to τὰ ἀραιότερα, Refs 5th c.BC+; τὸ σ., opposed to κενόν, Refs 4th c.BC+; opposed to μαλθακός, Refs 5th c.BC+; κυσὶ σ. καὶ ἰσχνοῖς, opposed to προβάτοις πίοσι καὶ ἁπαλοῖς, Refs 5th c.BC+; σ. κέρας solid, opposed to κοῖλον, Refs 4th c.BC+; στερεὰ τροφή solid food, NT+1st c.BC+; τὸ σ. σῶμα, opposed to ὁ χυλός, Refs 2nd c.AD+; σ. κοιλίη costive, Refs 5th c.BC+. adverb -ρεῶς firmly, fast, κατέδησαν Refs 8th c.BC+ __b of money, standard, of full value, ἀργυρίου στερεὰ τάλαντα Refs 2nd c.BC+; so perhaps of sums due in kind, πυροῦ στερεοῦ Refs 2nd c.BC+; and of linear and square measures, τῆς προσούσης αὐλῆς πηχῶν σ. ὀκτὼ τὸ ἐπιβάλλον αὐτῷ μέρος ἥμισυ πήχεις σ. τέσσερας eight (four) standard cubits, Refs 2nd c.BC+; πόδες σ. standard feet, Refs; μέτρημα σ. Refs 3rd c.BC+ __c ὠρύγη ποταμὸς ἐπὶ τὰ τρία σ. the ditch was restored by digging to its three normal dimensions, Refs 1st c.AD+, compare 673, where the Latin version has at tria soldu (m). __2 metaphorically, stiff, stubborn, στερεοῖς ἐπέεσσι, opposed to μειλιχίοις, Refs 8th c.BC+. adverb -ρεῶς, ἀποειπεῖν Refs 8th c.BC+ __3 later, hard, stubborn, cruel, πῦρ Refs 5th c.BC+; τοῦτο ἤδη -ώτερον harder, more difficult, Refs 5th c.BC+ __4 of language, τὸ εὔτονον καὶ σ. solidity, Refs 1st c.BC+ __5 σ. ζῴδια, i.e. productive of settled conditions, Refs 2nd c.BC+ __II of bodies and quantities, solid, cubic, opposed to ἐπίπεδος (plane), Refs 5th c.BC+; σ. γωνία a solid angle, Refs 3rd c.BC+; σ. ἀριθμός a cubic number, Refs 4th c.BC+; τὰ σ. cubic numbers, representing bodies of three dimensions, Refs 5th c.BC+: dative singular στερεῷ in the third power, Refs. (Cf. Sanskrit sthirás 'firm, hard, solid', OHG. star 'rigid', ORefs 5th c.BC+ starian 'stare fixedly'.)

χάλαζ-α [χᾰ], ης, ἡ, hail NT+8th c.BC+hailstones, Refs 5th c.BC+: metaphorically, any pelting shower, ὀμβρία χ. Refs 5th c.BC+ __II any small knot like a hailstone, __II.1 pimple or tubercle in the flesh of swine, Refs 4th c.BC+ __II.2 small cyst, such as grows on the eyelid, Refs 2nd c.AD+ __II.3 a knot or hard lump; in an egg, Refs 4th c.BC+crystals, Refs. (Cf. Sloven. žled, Little Russian oželeda 'sleet, ice'.)

ψῡχρός, ά, όν, cold, χάλαζα, νιφάδες, χιών, Refs 8th c.BC+; ψ. χαλκός (as we say 'cold steel') Refs 8th c.BC+; ψυχρόν (without ὕδωρ) Refs 6th c.BC+ also ={ψῦχος}, cold, Refs 5th c.BC+: of the air, αὔρη ψ. Refs 8th c.BC+; ψ. βίος life in the cold, Refs 5th c.BC+; of cold meats, Refs 2nd c.AD+; of a snake, Refs 3rd c.BC+: comparative -ότεροςRefs 5th c.BC+: superlative -ότατοςRefs 1st c.BC+ __II metaphorically, __II.1 ineffectual, vain, ἐπικουρίη ψ. Refs 5th c.BC+; θερμὴν ἐπὶ ψυχροῖσι καρδίαν ἔχεις a hot spirit in a cold business, Refs __II.2 of feelings, ψ. τέρψις, ἐλπίς, Refs 5th c.BC+ __II.3 of persons, cold-hearted, heartless, indifferent, NT+5th c.BC+ __II.4 of flat, lifeless, insipid productions, τὸν Παλαμήδην (the play so named) ψυχρὸν ὄντ᾽ αἰσχύνεται Refs 5th c.BC+; ψ. καὶ ἀηδὴς [Μοῦσα] Refs 5th c.BC+: hence jokes in Refs 5th c.BC+; also of authors themselves, γίνεται ψυχρός Refs 1st c.BC+. adverb, ὁ δ᾽ αὖ Θέογνις ψυχρὸς ὢν ψυχρῶς ποιεῖ Refs 5th c.BC+; σκώψαντι ψ. ἐπιγελάσαι to laugh at a feeble joke, Refs 5th c.BC+ __II.5 silly, γραϊδίοις ψυχροῖς ὁμιλοῦντες Refs 2nd c.AD+; compare conversely μάκρα for μάκτρα (ψυχρός originally 'cooled by blowing' from ψύχω 'blow').]

† דּוֹנַג n.m. wax, דּוֹנַג Mi 1:4 + 2 times; דּוֹנָ֑ג ψ 22:15—always in simile, of melting; at theophany hills melt like wax ψ 97:5; like wax before fire Mi 1:4; wicked perish as wax melteth before fire ψ 68:3; heart melteth like wax ψ 22:15 (simile of fear, despair). On ד׳ in ψ 118:12 cf. Bae Checrit. n.

† I. חָמַר vb. ferment, boil or foam up (Arabic خَمَرَ ferment, leaven, خُمْرَةٌ, خَمِيرَةٌ, n. leaven; v. LagBN 207);— Qal Pf. 3 ms. וְיַיִן ח׳ ψ 75:9 and wine which foams, (others from IV. חמר be red); 3 pl. חָֽמְרוּ is suggested by We as poss. Hb 3:15 (for MT חֹמֶר q.v.) the great waters foamed; Impf. 3 mpl. יֶהֱמוּ יֶחְמְרוּ מֵימָיו ψ 46:4 let its water roar and foam. Peʿalʿal Pf. pass. 3 pl. מֵעַי חֳמַרְמָ֑רוּ La 1:20 my bowels are in a ferment (‖ נֶהְפַּךְ לִבִּי), of distress at calamities of Jerus.; so חֳמַרְמְרוּ מֵעַי La 2:11.—Jb 16:16 v. חמר²" dir="rtl" >IV. חמר.

† [חָתָה] vb. snatch up, usually fire, coals (NH id.; 𝔗 חֲתָא id. (rare); Assyrian ḫatû is destroy (i.e. snatch away?) v. SASmithAsrb. i. 90)— Qal Impf. יַחְתֶּה Pr 6:27; sf. יַחְתְּךָ ψ 52:7; Inf. cstr. לַחְתּוֹת Is 30:14; Pt. חֹתֶה Pr 25:22;—snatch up, c. acc. אֵשׁ מִיָּקוּד Is 30:14 to snatch up fire from a hearth (‖ לַחְשֹׂף מים מִגֶּבֶא); אֵשׁ בְּחֵיקוֹ Pr 6:27 shall a man snatch up fire in his bosom and his garments not be burned? (in sim. of adulterer); pregn. seize (and put) upon גֶּחָלִים אַתָּה ח׳ על־רֹאשׁוֹ Pr 25:22; יַחְתְּךָ וְיִסָּֽחֲךָ מֵאֹ֑הֶל ψ 52:7 God … shall snatch thee away, and pluck thee up tent-less.

† [מָסָה] vb. melt, dissolve, be liquefied (Ethiopic መሰወ liquefy; Aramaic מְסָא melt away, ܡܣܳܐ dissolve, decay; coagulate; Assyrian masû is wash; v. also מסס);—only Hiph. Pf. 3 pl. הִמְסִיו Jos 14:8 (on form v. Ges§ 75 R. 17). Impf. sf. יַמְסֵם ψ 147:18; 2 ms. וַתֶּ֫מֶס ψ 39:12; אַמְסֶה ψ 6:7;—cause to dissolve, melt, ice ψ 147:18; hyperb. בְּדִמְעָתִי עַרְשִׁי אַמְסֶה ψ 6:7 with my tears I cause my bed to dissolve; וַתֶּמֶס כָּעָשׁ חֲמוּדוֹ ψ 39:12=consume, cause to vanish; fig. sq. לֵב=intimidate Jos. 14:8.

† עֲלָטָה n.f. thick darkness (*NH עֲלָטָה (rare); according to BaES 5 transp. from Arabic غَطَلَ [be cloudy]; غَيْطَلَةٌ darkness);—abs. ע��, attending sunset Gn 15:17 (c. vb. masc.; AlbrZAW xv (1895). 325 KöSynt. § 350 e read הָֽיְתָה); בַּע׳ Ez 12:7 (‖ בָּעֶרֶב), v 6, 12.

† צֵל n.m. ψ 144:4 shadow;—צ׳ abs. 2 K 20:9 +, cstr. Gn 19:8 +; sf. צִלְּךָ ψ 121:5, צִלּוֹ Ez 31:6 +, also צִלְלוֹ Jb 40:22, etc.; pl. צְלָלִים Ct 2:17; 4:6; cstr. צִלְלֵי Je 6:4;— 1. shadow on dial 2 K 20:9, 10(×2), 11 ‖ Is 38:8; צִלְלֵי־עָ֑רֶב Je 6:4, cf. Ct 2:17; 4:6; of mt. Ju 9:36. 2. shadow, shade, as protection (from sun): of branches, Ju 9:15 (in allegory), Ho 4:13; Jb 40:22; Jon 4:5, 6 and (in fig.) Ho 14:8; Ez 17:23; 31:6, 12, 17 ψ 80:11 Ct 2:3 (of refreshment, delight); of rock Is 32:2 (sim.); צ׳ קֹרָתִי Gn 19:8 shadow of my roof; of cloud Is 25:4 and (fig. of י׳’s protection 4:6; 25:4, so prob. 16:3; צ׳ כְּנָפֶיךָ shadow of thy wings, fig. of י׳’s protection ψ 17:8; 36:8; 57:2; 63:8; shade, in gen., Jb 7:2, fig. of י׳ ψ 121:5; hence = protection, defence, of city (wall) Je 48:45; of י׳ Nu 14:9 (JE), ψ 91:1 (v. also n.pr. בְּצַלְאֵל), cf. צֵל יָדוֹ Is 49:2 (covering prophet, under fig. of sword), 51:16 (covering people); of human ally Is 30:2, 3, of king La 4:20; also of wisdom Ec 7:12, money v 12.—בְּצִלָּהּ Is 34:15 appar. ref. to קִפּוֹז, but improb.; read perhaps בֵּצֶיהָ her eggs Du CheHpt. (CheHeb. Hpt. transp. וּבָֽקְעָה וְדָֽגְרָה). 3. shadow as symb. of transitoriness of life Jb 8:9; 14:2 ψ 144:4 (כְּצֵל עוֹבֵר), Ec 6:12; 8:13; כְּצֵל נָטוּי of an individ. life near its end ψ 102:12, so כְּצֵל כִּנְטוֹתוֹ 109:23; in sim. of emaciated members, וִיצֻרַי כַּצֵּל Jb 17:7.

† קָרַן vb. Qal denom. of קֶרֶן 5, send out rays;—Pf. 3 ms. קָרַן עוֹר פָּנָיו Ex 34:29, 30, 35 (P). Hiph.denom. of קֶרֶן 1 a, display (grow) horns (be fully developed), Pt. פָּר מַקְרִן מַפְרִים ψ 69:32.

† II. [שָׂעַר] vb. sweep or whirl away (of storm-wind) (= סָעַר, q.v.; Assyrian šâru, wind, DlHWB 635; > Thes1334 cp. I. שׂער);— Qal Impf. 3 ms. sf. יִשְׂעָרֶנּוּ ψ 58:10 fig. he (י׳) shall sweep it away. Niph. Pf. 3 fs. impers. נִשְׂעֲרָה ψ 50:3 round about him it is tempestuous exceedingly. Pi. Impf. 3 ms. sf. וִישַׂעֲרֵ֫הוּ Jb 27:21 and it [an E. wind] shall whirl him away from (מִן) his place. Hithp. Impf. 3 ms. וְיִשְׂתָּעֵר עָלָיו Dn 11:40 the kg. shall storm against him.

ἑδραῖος, α, ον, also ος, ον Refs 5th c.BC+:— sitting, sedentary, of persons or their occupations, ἔργον Refs 5th c.BC+; ἑ. ἀρχαί, opposed to στρατεῖαι, Refs 5th c.BC+ __2 ἑδραία ῥάχις the horse's back on which the rider sits, Refs 5th c.BC+ __II steady, steadfast, κάθησ᾽ ἑδραία Refs 5th c.BC+; ἑ. ὕπνος sound sleep, Refs 5th c.BC+; of a cup, Refs 2nd c.AD+: metaphorically in Rhet., firmly based, κατάληξις Refs 4th c.BC+. adverb -αίως firmly, Refs 2nd c.BC+; steadily, Refs 5th c.AD+ __II.2 permanently appointed, Refs 6th c.AD+

λαῖλαψ, ᾰπος, ἡ, furious storm, hurricane, βαῖνον ἐρεμνῇ λαίλαπι ἶσοι LXX+8th c.BC+, a whirlwind sweeping upwards: metaphorically, ἔτλης λαίλαπα δυσμενέων Refs 1st c.BC+—Not found in early Prose, but common later,NT+1st c.AD+:—a form λαιλαπετός, ὁ, occurs in Refs 8th c.BC+

μέλᾱς (μέλᾰς Refs 3rd c.BC+; genitive μέλᾰνος, μελαίνης, μέλᾰνος, etc.; Epic dialect dative μείλανι (for the sake of meter) Refs 8th c.BC+: Aeolic dialect nominative μέλαις, from *μέλανς, Refs 7th c.BC+:—black, dark: in Refs 8th c.BC+ generally, dark in colour, οἶνος Refs 8th c.BC+; μέλαν αἷμα, κῦμα, Refs 8th c.BC+, from its being pitched over, Refs 8th c.BC+; of men, dark, swarthy, μέλανας δὲ ἀνδρικοὺς ἰδεῖν Refs 5th c.BC+; τὰ μ. black marks about the ears of dogs, Refs 5th c.BC+ __II dark, murky, ἕσπερος Refs 8th c.BC+ __III metaphorically, black, dark, θάνατος Refs 8th c.BC+; ὀδύναι Refs; μ. τύχα, ἀρά, Refs 4th c.BC+; Ἅιδης Refs 5th c.BC+; ἡμέραι μέλαιναι, = Latin dies atri, Refs 1st c.AD+ __III.2 of the voice, indistinct, Refs 4th c.BC+; βραχὺ καὶ μ. φώνημα, of Nero, Refs 2nd c.AD+ __III.3 dark, obscure, enigmatical, ἱστορίη Refs 1st c.AD+ __III.4 of character, dark, malignant, μ. φρήν, καρδία, Refs 6th c.BC+; μ. ἦθος M. Ant.4.28. __IV comparative μελάντερος, α, ον, blacker, very black, τοῦ δ᾽ οὔ τι μελάντερον ἔπλετο ἔσθος Refs 8th c.BC+: superlative μελάντατος Refs 5th c.BC+:— comparative also μελανώτερος Refs 1st c.BC+: superlative μελαινότατος Refs 1st c.AD+ __V μέλαινα (i.e. νοῦσος), ἡ, in Medicine texts, of diseases causing black secretions (such as melaena), Refs 5th c.BC+ __VI μέλαν, τό, see entry (Cf. Sanskrit málam 'dirt', malinás 'dirty', Lett. melns 'black'.)

σκοτειν-ός, ή, όν, (σκότος) dark, νυκτὸς ἅρμ᾽ ἐπείγεται σ. Refs 4th c.BC+; σ. περιβολαί, of a scabbard, Refs 5th c.BC+; [ὁδοί] Refs 5th c.BC+; ἀνὰ τὸ σ. προϊδεῖν in the darkness, Refs 5th c.BC+; of a person, blind, καίπερ σ. Refs 5th c.BC+; τὰ σ. the dark shadows in a picture, Refs 5th c.BC+ adverb, σκοτεινὸν ζῆν to live in privacy, Refs 5th c.BC+ __II metaphorically, dark, obscure, opposed to ἐλλόγιμος καὶ φανός, Refs; Heraclitus was called ὁ σκοτεινός, Refs 4th c.BC+; σ. ἀκοαί obscure reports, Refs 5th c.BC+; σ. μηχανήματα dark, secret, Refs 5th c.BC+. adverb, -νῶς διαλέγεσθαι Refs 5th c.BC+ __III probably falsa lectio for{κοτ-} in Refs 5th c.BC+

σκοτ-όω, darken, blind, σκοτώσω βλέφαρα καὶ δεδορκότα Refs 5th c.BC+; stupefy, Refs 2nd c.AD+; make dizzy, τὰς ὄψεις NT:—passive, to be in darkness, suffer from vertigo, like{σκοτοδινιάω}, Refs 5th c.BC+; ἕλμινθες -ωθεῖσαι stupefied, Refs 1st c.AD+

φέγγος, εος, τό, light, splendour, lustre, τῆλε δὲ φ. ἀπὸ χροὸς ἀθανάτοιο λάμπε θεᾶς LXX+4th c.BC+; φ. ἀστραπῆς ὅπλωνLXX: frequently like{φάος}, of daylight, either absolutely or with some word added, φ. ἡλίου Refs 5th c.BC+; without the Article, φ. εἰσορᾶν θεοῦ Refs 5th c.BC+; ὦ φέγγοςRefs 5th c.BC+ __b moonlight, Refs 5th c.BC+; νυκτερινὰ φέγγη, opposed to ἡμερινὸν φῶς, Refs 5th c.BC+ see at {φέγγο; τὸ φ. [τοῦ γάλακτος}], of the milky way, Refs 4th c.BC+ __c of men, φ. ἰδεῖν, προσιδεῖν, to see the light, come into the world, ἐπεὶ πάμπρωτον εἶδον φ. Refs 5th c.BC+ __d day, τριταῖον ἤδη φ. Refs 5th c.BC+; μοιρίδιον φ. ={μ. ἦμαρ}, Refs 5th c.BC+ __2 the light of torches or fire, φ. λαμπάδων Refs 4th c.BC+; πυρόςRefs: a light, torch, Refs 5th c.BC+; plural φέγγη torches or watch-fires, Refs 4th c.BC+ __3 the light of the eyes, φ. ὀμμάτων Refs 5th c.BC+; τυφλὸν φ, i.e. blindness, Refs 5th c.BC+ __II light, as a metaphorically for delight, glory, pride, joy, Refs 5th c.BC+; of persons, Refs 5th c.BC+; φ. ὀπώρας, of wine, Refs __II.2 lustre, δικαιοσύνης καὶ σωφροσύνης LXX+5th c.BC+

ψῦχος, εος, τό, (ψύχω Refs cold, Refs 5th c.BC+; opposed to θάλπος, Refs 5th c.BC+; opposed to ἀλέα, Refs 4th c.BC+; opposed to καύματα, Refs; ἐν ψύχει in winter-time, Refs 5th c.BC+; ψ., ={ῥῖγος}, Refs 5th c.BC+frosts, cold weather, Refs 5th c.BC+ __2 once in Refs 8th c.BC+, coolness, ψύχεος ἱμείρων Refs 8th c.BC+

† אוּד n.m. brand, fire-brand (orig. perhaps bent stick used to stir fire) א׳ מֻצָּל מִשְּׂרֵפָה Am 4:11 = א׳ מ׳ מֵאֵשׁ Zc 3:2, pl. זַנְבוֹת הָאוּדִים הָעֲשֵׁנִים Is 7:4, stumps of smoking firebrands.

† I. אוֹרָה n.f. light (late, Mish. id., cf. Aramaic אוּרְתָּא evening-light, moon-light, star-light, etc.) 1. light (opp. חֲשֵׁיכָה) ψ 139:12. 2. light of joy & happiness Es 8:16; pl. intens. אוֹרוֹת light of life Is 26:19 (light that quickens dead bodies as dew the plants Ew Hi De Che Di RVm; vid. BrMP 303 cf. אוֹר חַיִּים; but Ki Ges MV Bö RV transl. herbs).

† אֶלְגָּבִישׁ n.[m.] hail (= Ar. أَلْجِبْسُ gypsum; cf. sub גבשׁ) אַבְנֵי א׳ Ez 13:11, 13; 38:22.

† [דָּלַף] vb. drop, drip (WisdLt.) (NH id. (זלף more common), דֶּלֶף trough, etc., Aramaic דְּלַף, ܕܠܰܦ, drip)— Qal Pf. 3 fs. אֶל־אֱלוֹהַּ דָּֽלְפָה עֵינִי Jb 16:20 i.e. weeps (drops in tears); דָּֽלְפָה נַפְשִׁי מִתּוּגָה ψ 119:28 i.e. weeps (Itself away Che cf. De); Impf. בְּשִׁפְלוּת יָדַיִם יִדְלֹף הַבָּֽיִת׃ Ec 10:18 the house drips, i.e. leaks, because cracks are not mended.

† [חֲזִיז] n.[m.] thunder-bolt, lightning-flash (NH חֲזִיז; Aramaic חֲזִיזָא shining cloud)—only cstr. חֲזִיז and pl. חֲזִיזִים; וְדֶרֶךְ לַחֲזִיז קֹלוֹת Jb 28:26 and a way for thunder-bolts = 38:25; י׳ עֹשֶׂה חֲזִיזִים Zc 10:1 (‖ מְטַר־גֶּשֶׁם).

† חַשְׁמַל n.[m.] etym. and exact meaning dub.; evidently some shining substance; AV amber; supposed by Thes (q.v.) and most to be a brilliant amalgam of gold and silver, 𝔊 ἤλεκτρον (v Liddell & Scott s. v. 2), 𝔙 electrum; v. also Dl in BaerEzech. xii; only in the combination כְּעֵין ח׳ like the appearance of ח׳ Ez 1:4, 27; כְּעֵין הַחַשְׁמַ֑לָה Ez 8:2 (on ending ה—ָ v. Ges§ 90 f; Co del.).

† מְלֵחָה n.f. saltness, barrenness;—Jb 39:6 (‖ עֲרָבָה) as dwelling-place of wild ass, salt-plain; אֶרֶץ מְלֵחָה Je 17:6 (‖ לֹא תֵשֵׁב); ψ 107:34 (opp. אֶרֶץ פְּרִי).

† [שָׂלַק] vb. kindle, burn (Ecclus 43:4margin הִסִּיק, v 21, 23 הִשִּׂיק, burn; Aramaic (also Biblical Aramaic) סְלַק ascend, Aph. cause to go up (in flame), offer sacrifice; ܣܠܶܩ, Palm. סלק, ascend);— Niph. Pf. 3 fs. אֵשׁ נִשְּׂקָה בְיַעֲקֹב ψ 78:21 a fire was kindled against Jacob. Hiph. make a fire, burn: Pf. 3 pl. consec. וְהִשִּׂיקוּ, c. ב rei Ez 39:9; Impf. 3 ms. abs. יַשִּׂיק Is 44:15 (both ‖ בִּעֵר).

† נָשַׁת vb. be dry, parched;— Qal Pf. 3 fs. לְשׁוֹנָם בַּצָּמָא נָשָׁ֑תָּה Is 41:17 (on D f. affect. v. Ges§ 20 i); also fig. נָֽשְׁתָה גְבוּרָתָם Je 51:30, their might is dry, i.e. fails. Niph. Pf. 3 pl. consec. וְנִשְּׁתוּ־מַיִם מֵהַיָּ֑ם Is 19:5 and water shall be dried up from the sea; cf. Impf. יִנָּֽתְשׁוּ מַיִּם Je 18:14, where read prob. יִנָּֽשְׁתוּ (Gf Gie al.).

† II. [עָמַם] vb. darken, dim (NH id.; Arabic غَمَّ cover, veil, conceal; 𝔗 עֲמַם grow dark);— Qal Pf. 3 pl. sf. עֲמַמֻהוּ Ez 31:8 dub., but prob. (as Thes) cedars did not eclipse him; עֲמָמוּךָ 28:3 no secret do they hold dark (= is held dark) for thee (Ges§ 117 x). Hoph. Impf. 3 ms. יוּעַם זָהָב La 4:1 (fig.) how is the gold dimmed! cf. Bu.

† [עָשֵׁשׁ] vb. waste away (cf. Assyrian ašašu, moth; Arabic عُثٌّ moth(-worm), عَثَّ eat (of moth; ? denom.); according to De ψ 6:8 al. עָשֵׁשׁ is denom. from עָשׁ, prop. be moth-eaten, but improb.); according to JacobZMG 1901, 142; ZAW 1902, 107 be dark; cf. עשׁשׁא darkness, in Chr-Pal. Qal Pf. 3 fs. עָֽשְׁשָׁה מִּכַּעַם עֵינִי ψ 6:8 my eye is wasted from grief, = 31:10 (בְּכַעַם; + נַפְשִׁי, בִּטְנִי); 3 pl. עֲצָמַי עָשֵׁ֑שׁוּ v 11.

† [קָפָא] vb. thicken, condense, congeal (cf. Syriac ܩܦܳܐ heap up, collect);— Qal Pf. 3 pl. קָֽפְאוּ תְהֹמֹת Ex 15:8 (song) the deeps were condensed, became firm walls; Impf. יקפאון Zc 14:6 Kt (i.e. יִקְפָּא֑וּן [poss. is also יִקָּפֵא֑וּן Niph.]) Thes al. glorious(?) ones [stars] shall contract (dwindle), but read Qr וְקִפָּאוֹן v. foll. Pt. הַקֹּפְאִים עַל־שִׁמְרֵיהֶם Zp 1:12 the men who are thickening on their lees (easy-going men, under figure of undisturbed wine). Hiph. Impf. 2 ms. sf. תַּקְפִּיאֵנִי Jb 10:10 didst thou not curdle me like cheese (of formation of foetus)?

† קַר adj. cool;—cstr. (fig.) וְקַר־רוּחַ Pr 17:27 (Kt) cool of spirit, i.e. calm, self-possessed (Qr יְקַר־); pl. קָרִים of water Je 18:14 Pr 25:25.

† [שָׁדַף] vb. scorch, blight (NH id.; Niph. Hithp. be blighted; J.Aram. שְׁדַף Ithpe. burn (up); Arabic سدف iv. be dark);— Qal Pt. pass. cstr., of ears of grain, שְׁדוּפֹת קָדִים Gn 41:6 scorched by a sirocco, so שְׁדֻפוֹת ק׳ v 23, שׁ׳ הַקּ׳ v 27 (all E).

ἀμετά-θετος, ον, unalterable, immutable, κατάληψις, of knowledge, Refs 4th c.BC+; of fate, Chrysipp.Refs 2nd c.BC+, etc. adverb -τως, διακεῖσθαιRefs 1st c.BC+ __2 Grammars, not inflected, Refs 2nd c.AD+

ἀνάπτω, make fast on or to, Refs 8th c.BC+ — middle, ἐκ τοῦδ᾽ ἀναψόμεσθα πρυμνήτην κάλων to him will we moor our bark, i.e. he shall be our protector, Refs; θεοῖσι κῆδος ἀνάψασθαι form a close connexion with.., Refs; χάριτας ἔς τινα ἀ. confer favours on.., Refs; also, fasten to oneself, ἐπιστολὴν ἐκ τῶν δακτύλων ἀ.Refs 4th c.BC+; take in tow, ναῦνRefs 1st c.BC+:—passive, to be fastened or fasten oneself on to, cling to, with genitive, πέπλωνRefs 5th c.BC+; have a thing fastened on one, περιβόλαι᾽ ἀνήμμεθα Refs __2 hang up in a temple, offer up, like{ἀνατίθημι}, πολλὰ δ᾽ ἀγάλματ᾽ ἀνῆψεν Refs 8th c.BC+ __3 metaphorically, fasten upon, attach to, μῶμον ἀνάψαιRefs 8th c.BC+; αἷμα ἀ. τινί a charge of bloodshed, uncertain in Refs 5th c.BC+; ascribe, refer to, τοὺς λόγους εἰς ἀριθμοὺς ἀ.Refs 4th c.BC+; χάριν ἀ. τινί ascribe a favour to him, Refs 3rd c.AD+:—middle, attach oneself, πρὸς πολλούςRefs 1st c.BC+ __II light up, kindle, λύχναRefs 5th c.BC+:—passive, to be kindled, Refs 4th c.BC+ __II.2 inflame with anger, Refs 4th c.AD+:—passive,Refs 3rd c.AD+; excite emotionally, Refs 1st c.BC+ __II.3 intransitive, to be lighted up, Refs 4th c.BC+

ἀσάλευτος [σᾰ], ον, unmoved, unshaken, ἀ. ἡ γῆRefs 4th c.BC+; of Delos, NT+1st c.AD+; of the sea, probably in Refs 5th c.BC+; πίστιςNT; ἀ. μένειν, of ordinances, Refs 4th c.AD+. adverb -τωςRefs 2nd c.BC+: neuter plural as adverb, χείλεσι ἀσάλευτα μεμυκόσιRefs 2nd c.AD+

ἀχλύς, ύος, ἡ, (accusative ἀχλύαRefs 5th c.AD+ mist, Refs 8th c.BC+ of a mist over the eyes, as of one dying, κατὰ δ᾽ ὀφθαλμῶν κέχυτ᾽ ἀ.Refs 8th c.BC+; as result of ulceration, ἀχλύεςRefs 5th c.BC+; or in emotion, Ἔρως πολλὴν κατ᾽ ἀχλὺν ὀμμάτων ἔχευενRefs 7th c.BC+; of drunkenness, πρὸς ὄμμ᾽ ἀ. ἀμβλωπὸς ἐφίζειRefs 5th c.BC+; of one whom a god deprives of the power of seeing and knowing others, κατ᾽ ὀφθαλμῶν χέεν ἀχλύνRefs 8th c.BC+:— personified as Sorrow, πὰρ δ᾽ Ἀχλὺς εἱστήκει ἐπισμυγερή τε καὶ αἰνή, χλωρή, ἀϋσταλέηRefs 8th c.BC+ __2 metaphorically, δνοφεράν τιν᾽ ἀχλὺν.. αὐδᾶταιRefs 4th c.BC+ __3 ἀ. ὑγρή liquid emitted by cuttlefish, Refs 2nd c.AD+—Mostly poetry, but used by Refs 5th c.BC+: also in later Prose, Refs 2nd c.BC+. [ῡ in nominative and accusative singular, Refs 8th c.BC+

βεβαί-ωσις, εως, ἡ, confirmation, β. γνώμης Refs 5th c.BC+; εἰς β. in perpetuity, ἡ γῆ οὐ πραθήσεται εἰς β. LXX __2 legal warranty, Refs 4th c.BC+; βεβαιώσεως δίκη Refs 2nd c.AD+

διαυγ-άζω, glance, shine through, τῷ σχισμῷ NT+2nd c.BC+; to be transparent, Mnesith. cited in Refs 4th c.AD+ __II ={φωτίζω}, Refs 5th c.AD+: and so metaphorically, διαυγασθείς being enlightened, perceiving the truth, Refs 1st c.AD+ __III Astrology texts, influence by its rays (= ἐπιθεωρέω), Refs 1st c.AD+ __IV passive, to be glazed, of pottery, probably in Refs 1st c.BC+

ἐπαν-ίστημι, set up again, τὰ τείχη [prev. work] 778d. __2 make to rise against, ἄνδρας ἐκ χαράδρας ἐ. τινί Refs 1st c.AD+; raise in revolt against, Ἰβηρίαν Ῥωμαίοις Refs 2nd c.AD+ __3 cause to arise, Refs 1st c.AD+ __II passive, with future middle Refs 5th c.BC+, aorist 2 and perfect active, stand up after another or at his word, once in Refs 8th c.BC+ __II.b rise from bed, rise, Refs 5th c.BC+; rise to speak, Refs 4th c.BC+; of buildings, in perfect, to be raised or built, ἢν τοῦτ᾽ ἐπανεστήκῃ Refs 5th c.BC+: with genitive, rise above, ἱερῷ -στηκότι τῆς ἀγορᾶς Refs 1st c.BC+; ταῖς -ισταμέναις [ἐκ add. codex unus] τῶν ὑδάτων πομφόλυξιν Refs 1st c.AD+ __II.2 rise up against, rise in insurrection against, τινί Refs 5th c.BC+: absolutely, rise in insurrection, opposed to ἀφίσταμαι, Refs 5th c.BC+the insurgents, Refs 5th c.BC+infinitive, ἐάν τις τυραννεῖν ἐπαναστῇ if any one aim at tyranny, Legal cited in Refs 5th c.BC+; in mal. participle, ἐ. ἀλλήλοις πώγωνας ἔχουσι Refs 4th c.BC+ __II.3 in Medicine texts, of tumours, etc., rise, swell, Refs 5th c.BC+projecting, prorninent, Refs 4th c.BC+; λόφος αὐτῶν τῶν πτερῶν ἐ. crest which sticks up and is composed of feathers, Refs

καυσ-όω, heat, Refs 2nd c.AD+:—passive, burn with intense heat, NT: generally, to be burnt, Refs __II suffer from καῦσος (A) 1, Refs 1st c.AD+

κλύδων [ῠ], ωνος, ὁ, wave, billow, and collectively, surf, rough water, Refs 8th c.BC+; κ. πελάγιος, θαλάσσιος, Refs 5th c.BC+ __2 in Medicine texts, splashing in the stomach and chest, Refs 2nd c.AD+; of sound heard in pleurisy, Refs; ἢν κ. ὑγρῶν ἀναπνέῃ ἐς τὰς διαπνοάς flood of humours, Refs 2nd c.AD+; ofinternal water in dropsy, Refs __II metaphorically, κ. κακῶν sea of troubles, Refs 5th c.BC+; κ. ἔφιππος flood of chariots, Refs 5th c.BC+

περιαστράπτω, flash around, φῶς π. τινά NT+4th c.AD+ __2 dazzle, ὁ ἀνὴρ περιαστράπτεται ὑπὸ κάλλους is dazzled with beauty, Refs 2nd c.AD+

περι-λάμπω, shine around or brightly, Refs:—middle, περιλαμπομένας φύσεις ὑπερβάλλειν λαμπρότητι Refs 1st c.BC+ __II c.accusative, light up, πολεμίῳ πυρὶ τὴν Ἑλλάδα π. Refs 4th c.BC+; illuminate, τὰ κεκρυμμένα τῶν ἀδικημάτων ταῖς ἀκτῖσι Refs 1st c.AD+; shine around, NT+1st c.AD+:—passive, to be illumined, φωτί, ὑπὸ τῆς φλογός, Refs 1st c.AD+

τάρᾰχος [τᾰ], ὁ, ={ταραχή}, LXX+5th c.BC+

φλογ-ίζω, future φλογίσω [prev. author = 5th c.AD(?): Hesychius Legal icographus], but -ιῶLXX:— ={φλέγω}, set on fire, burn, LXX+5th c.BC+: singe, Refs 5th c.BC+:—passive, to be set on fire, blaze, flame, φλογιζόμενον ἅλιον Refs 5th c.BC+: to be burnt up, consumed, Refs 4th c.BC+: metaphorically, of the tongue, NT __II intransitive, burn, blaze, LXX

φωστήρ, ῆρος, ὁ, that which gives light, οἱ φ. the lights of heaven, stars, LXX+4th c.BC+; οἱ δύο φ., i.e. sun and moon, NT+5th c.AD+ __2 splendour, radiance, ὁ φ. αὐτῆς ὅμοιος λίθῳ τιμιωτάτῳ NT __3 metaphorically, of a king, τῷ φ. τῷ ἡμετέρῳ Refs 4th c.AD+ __4 of the eyes, Refs 2nd c.AD+ __II opening for light, door or window, Refs 5th c.AD+

φωτ-ισμός, ὁ, illumination, light, Diocl(?).cited in Refs 1st c.AD+ __2 metaphorically, light, Κύριος φ. μου LXX+NT

† בָּצִיר n.m. Lv 26:5 vintage (cf. בָּצַר)—בָּצִיר Lv 26:5 + 4 times + Zc 11:2 Qr (but read בצור Kt); cstr. בְּצִיר Ju 8:2; sf. בְּצִירֵךְ Je 48:32;—vintage, lit. Lv 26:5(×2) Ju 8:2 Is 32:10 Je 48:32; in simile Is 24:13 Mi 7:1; Zc 11:2 read בצור (Kt) and cf. sub בָּצַר.

† בֶּ֫רֶד 1. n.pr.loc. בָּ֑רֶד Gn 16:14 near Kadesh. 2. n.pr.m. בֶּ֫רֶד an Ephraimite 1 Ch 7:20.

† בָּרַק vb. flash, of lightning (Arabic بَرَقَ gleam, flash, lighten, Assyrian barâḳu ZimBP 76, Aramaic בְּרַק, ܒܪܰܩ, Ethiopic በረቀ Sab. ברק Hal252 cf. DHMZMG 1875, 597)— Qal Pf. בָּרַק so read after 𝔊L 2 S 22:15 & also in ‖ ψ 18:15 (cf. Klo Che crit. n.); Imv. בְּרֹק ψ 144:6;—all c. acc. cogn. בָּרָק, בְּרָקִים;—flash, trans. flash lightning, subj. י׳.

† דֶּ֫לֶף n.m. a dropping (of rain, cf. WetzstZPV xiv. 1891, 5), fig. דֶּלֶף טֹרֵד מִדְיְנֵי אִשָּׁה Pr 19:13 etc.; ד׳ טוֹרֵד בְּיוֹם סַגְרִ֑יר וְאֵשֶׁת מִדְוָ֯נִים נִשְׁתָּֽוָה׃ Pr 27:15.

† הֲמֻלָּה, הֲמוּלָּה n.f. rain - storm (?), rushing or roaring sound (?): קוֹל הֲמוּלָּה גְדֹלָה Je 11:16 sound of a great storm, of wind fanning flames in tree (in fig. of Yahweh’s judgment on Judah); > AVRVDa tumult; קוֹל הֲמֻלָּה כְּקוֹל מַחֲנֶה Ez 1:24 of noise of wings of living creatures in Ezekiel’s vision (del. B Co cf. Hi).

† I. [חָרֵב] adj. dry, only fs. חֲרֵבָה Lv 7:10 of meal-offering not moistened (with oil; P); פַּת־חֲרֵבָה Pr 17:1 a dry morsel.

† יַבֶּ֫שֶׁת n.f. id., made by God’s hands ψ 95:5; water shall become blood בַּיַּבָּ֑שֶׁת Ex 4:9 (J).

† [כָּוָה] vb. burn, scorch, brand (NH id.; Aramaic ܟܘܳܐ especially Pa.; Arabic كَوَى cauterize)— Niph. Impf. 2 ms. תִּכָּוֶה Is 43:2 thou shalt not be scorched (fig. of Isr., ‖ בָּעַר); 3 fpl. וְרַגְלָיו לֹא תִּכָּוֶי֑נָה Pr 6:28 shall a man walk on the coals and his feet not be burned? (‖ שָׂרַף of garments v 27).

† כְּוִיָּה n.f. id.; כ׳ תַּחַת כ׳ Ex 21:25.

† מְקֵרָה n.f. coolness;—abs. מ׳ of chamber: עֲלִיַּת הַמּ׳ Ju 3:20 = חֲדַר הַמּ׳ v 24.

† נַהִירוּ (K§§ 16. 5; 61. 4) n.f. illumination, insight (Syriac id.);—abs. Dn 5:11, 14 (both + שָׂבְלְתָנוּ, חָכְמָה).

† נָשַׁף vb. blow (NH = BH; Chr-Pal.-Aramaic ܢܫܦ SchwallyIdiot. 58; Arabic نَسَفَ (vulg.) id. (Dozy ii. 667; on usually meaning cf. WetzstZPV xiv. 7); ‖ form of נשׁב, cf. Jen ZA iv (1889), 268);— Qal Pf. 3 ms. נ׳ בָּהֶם Is 40:24 he hath blown upon them (of י׳ under fig. of wind); 2 ms. נָשַׁפְתָּ בְרוּחֲךָ Ex 15:10 (song).

—

† סתו Kt, סְתָיו Qr n.m. winter (loan-wd. from Aramaic; cf. Syriac ܣܰܬܘܳܐ, 𝔗 סִיתְוָא; Arabic شِتَآءٌ Lane1504; prob. orig. שׂ׳, cf. SchwallyIdiot. 64; on ו as old nominat. ending (ס׳ for šutayu) cf. LagBN 190 Anm.);—הַסְּתָ֯ו עָבָ֑ר Ct 2:11.

† I. עֵיפָה n.f. darkness;—עֹשֵׂה שַׁחַר עֵיפָה Am 4:13; אֶרֶץ עֵפָ֫תָה Jb 10:22 (Ges§ 90 g; ‖ צַלְמָוֶת).

† II. [עָרַף] vb. drip, drop (cf. Arabic غَرَفَ lade out water with the hand (as with ladle) cf. Ph. ערפת portico (whence rain drips) v. HoffmAbh. d. GGW xxxvi. May, 1889, 12f.; cf. also غُرْفَةٌ upper-room; מערף ענן Ecclus 43:22 the dropping of a cloud, Assyrian irpu, irpitu, cloud(s));— Qal Impf. 3 mpl. שָׁמָיו יַעַרְפוּ־טָ֑ל Dt 33:28 his heavens drop dew; fig., of speech, intrans., יַעֲרֹף כַּמָּטָר לִקְחִי 32:2 let my teaching drop like the rain (‖ תִּזַּל כַּטַּל אִמְרָתִי).—Cf. רָעַף" dir="rtl" >רָעַף.

† צָיוֹן n.[m.] dryness, parched ground (on format. v. LagBN 204);—כְּחֹרֶב בְּצ׳ Is 25:5, בְּצ׳ 32:2 (‖ אֶרֶץ עֲיֵפָה; both in sim.).

† III. [צָלַל] vb. be or grow dark (cf. Arabic ظَلَّ be black, ظِلٌّ shade; Ethiopic ጸlለለ be dark; Assyrian ṣillu, shade, ṣalâlu, Pi. roof over, so Sab. טֿלל [ii.], טלת ceiling, roof, HomChrest. 125, cf. Palm. תטלילא; Old Aramaic טלל overshadow, Aramaic טְלָלָא, ܛܶܠܳܠܴܐ shadow);— Qal Pf. 3 pl. צָֽלְלוּ שַׁעֲרֵי יְר׳ Ne 13:19 the gates of Jerusalem grew dark, i.e. evening came on. Hiph. Pt. חֹרֶשׁ מֵצַל Ez 31:3 a shadowing wood (but del. 𝔊 Co Toy Krae).

† I. [קָרַר] vb. be cold (Arabic قَرَّ be cold, so Ethiopic ቈረረ Syriac ܩܰܪ; 𝔗 Ithpa. is cool oneself (rare); Levy cp. also NH Nithp. נִתְקָרֵר grow calm [i.e. cool]);— Hiph. make or keep cool: Pf. 3 fs. הֵקֵ֫רָה, fig., Je 6:7 b Jerus. keepeth her wickedness cool, fresh; Inf. cstr. metapl. הָקִיר (Ges§ 67 v) v 7 a, of בּוֹר keeping water cool (sim.).

† שְׂעָרָה n.f. id. (= סְעָרָה);—of way of י׳בְּסוּפָה וּבִשׂ׳ Na 1:3; fig. of י׳’s judgments; אֲשֶׁר־בִּשׂ׳ יְשׁוּפֵנִי Jb 9:17.

ἀκλῐνής, ές, lending to neither side, unswerving, Refs 5th c.BC+; impartial, ἀκοαίRefs 4th c.BC+; regular, ἀκλινέων καλάμωνRefs 1st c.BC+, etc.: in Mathematics texts, without inclination, of a perpendicular, Refs 5th c.AD+; horizontal, of a plane, Refs 2nd c.BC+, fixed, of notes in scale, Refs 3rd c.AD+: in Medicine texts, persistent, πυρετοίRefs 3rd c.BC+. adverb -νῶςRefs 1st c.AD+; Ionic dialect -νέωςRefs 3rd c.BC+ __2 metaphorically, steadfast, steady, φιλίαNT+1st c.BC+; unmoved, tranquil, Refs 4th c.AD+

ἀμετα-κίνητος, ον, not to be moved from place to place, immovable, Refs 5th c.BC+; of persons, Refs 1st c.BC+adverb -τως, ἔχειν stand unmoved, Refs 4th c.BC+

ἀναζωπῠρ-έω, rekindle, light up again, in tmesi, ἀν᾽ αὖ σὺ ζωπυρεῖς νείκη νέαNT+5th c.BC+:—passive, to be rekindled, Refs 5th c.BC+; to be excited, Refs 4th c.AD+ __II intransitive in active, Refs 1st c.AD+

ἀπαρά-βᾰτος, ον, unalterable, εἱρμὸς αἰτιῶνRefs 1st c.BC+; infallible, προρρήσειςRefs 3rd c.AD+; also of persons, Refsadverb -τως Chrysippsipp.Refs __2 inviolable, κύρια καὶ ἀ.Refs 1st c.BC+ __3 permanent, perpetual, ἱερωσύνηNT __3 active, not transgressing, Refs 1st c.AD+ adverb -τωςRefs 2nd c.AD+

ἀποσκῐ-ασμα, ατος, τό, shadow, ἀ. τροπῆς a shadow cast by turning, NT+3rd c.AD+ __II illusion, deceit, Refs 4th c.BC+

ἀπρόσ-ῐτος, ον, unapproachable, inaccessible, ὄρηNT+2nd c.BC+; of persons, Refs 1st c.BC+. adverb -τωςRefs 1st c.AD+

αὐγάζω, future -άσω: aorist ηὔγᾰσαRefs 1st c.AD+:—passive, see below: (αὐγή):—view in the clearest light, see distinctly, discern, Refs 5th c.BC+:—also in middle, Refs 8th c.BC+ — passive, αὐγασθεῖσα being mirrored in the smooth water, uncertain in Refs 5th c.BC+; simply, appear, Refs 1st c.BC+ __II of the sun, illumine, τινάRefs 5th c.BC+:—passive, Refs __II.2 metaphorically, enlighten, NT; set in a clear light, Refs 1st c.AD+ __III intransitive, appear bright or white, LXX; shine, Refs

αὐχμηρός, ά, όν, dry, without rain, χειμώνRefs 5th c.BC+; of places, dry, parched, τόποιNT+5th c.BC+ __b parching, νόσοιRefs 5th c.BC+ __2 dry, rough, squalid, οὖδαςRefs 5th c.BC+; especially of hair (compare {αὐχμηροκόμης}), Refs 5th c.BC+. adverb -ρῶς, ἔχειν τοῦ προσώπουRefs 2nd c.AD+ __3 miserable, Refs 4th c.AD+ uncertain reading in Refs 5th c.BC+

γνόφ-ος, later form for δνόφος, darkness, NT+4th c.BC+: plural, storm-clouds, Refs 4th c.BC+

ἐκκαίω, Attic dialect ἐκκάω, future -καύσω: aorist I ἐξέκαυσα Refs 5th c.BC+, but participle ἐκκέαντες Refs 5th c.BC+:—burn out, τοὺς ὀφθαλμούς τινος Refs 5th c.BC+:—passive, ἐκκάεσθαι τοὺς ὀφθαλμούς to have one's eyes burnt out, Refs 5th c.BC+ __II light up, kindle, τὰ πυρά Refs 5th c.BC+; provoke to anger, ἔκ με κάεις Refs 3rd c.BC+; inflame with curiosity, excite, τινά Refs 1st c.AD+:—passive, to be kindled, burn up, τὸ πῦρ ἐκκάεται LXX+5th c.BC+ __II.2 stimulate, τὴν βλάστησιν Refs 4th c.BC+ __III scorch, ἐκκαίων ὁ ἥλιος Refs 4th c.BC+; of thirst, parch, Refs 2nd c.AD+

ἐκλάμπ-ω, shine or beam forth, Refs 5th c.BC+; of persons, Refs 1st c.AD+; burst forth violently, of a fever, Refs 5th c.BC+; of sound, to be clearly heard, [ἐκ τῆς κραυγῆς] ἐξέλαμψε τὸ καλεῖν τὸν βασιλέα Refs 2nd c.BC+ __2 to be distinguished, δι᾽ εὐφυΐαν Refs 1st c.AD+ __II with accusative cognate, flash forth, πυρωπὸν γλῆνος ἐκλάμψαν φλόγα Refs 4th c.BC+; σέλας uncertain reading in Refs 6th c.BC+ __III Astrology texts,= διαυγάζω Refs 1st c.AD+

ἐμπνέω, poetry ἐμ-πνείω, future -πνεύσομαιRefs 5th c.BC+; later -πνεύσω Refs 5th c.AD+:—blow or breathe upon, with dative, πόντῳ Refs 8th c.BC+; ἐμπνείοντε μεταφρένῳ, of horses so close behind as to breathe upon one's back, Refs 8th c.BC+; of a lover, Refs 5th c.AD+; κατ᾽ οὖρον, ὥσπερ ἱστίοις, ἐμπνεύσομαι τῇδε E.[same place]; ἄνεμος ἐμπνεύσας δορί Refs; [αὐλοῖς] ἐμπνεῖν breathe into, play the flute, Refs 7th c.BC+:—passive, ἐμπνεόμενα ὄργανα Refs 2nd c.AD+ __2 absolutely, breathe in, inhale, Refs 5th c.BC+; but usually, __2.b breathe, live, be alive, Refs 5th c.BC+; τὰ ἐμπνέοντα, ={ἔμψυχα}, Refs 3rd c.BC+; of one expiring, βλέποντα κἀμπνέοντ᾽ ἔτι Refs 5th c.BC+ __3 with genitive, breathe of, be laden with, Ἀραβίης ὀδμῆς NT+5th c.AD+ __II transitive, blow into, ἄνεμος μέσον ἱστίον ἐ. swell the sail, Refs 5th c.BC+ __II.2 breathe into, infuse into, μένος, θάρσος. τινί, Refs 8th c.BC+; [Μοῦσαι] ἐνέπνευσαν δέ μοι αὐδήν Refs 8th c.BC+infinitive pro accusative, φᾶρος ἐνέπνευσε φρεσὶν ὑφαίνειν breathed into my mind (i.e. inspired me with the thought) to weave it, Refs 8th c.BC+:— passive, to be inspired, ὑπὸ θεοῦ Refs 1st c.AD+

ἐμ-πρήθω, blow up, inflate, of the wind, ἐν δ᾽ ἄνεμος πρῆσεν μέσον ἱστίον Refs 8th c.BC+:—passive, to be bloated or swollen, ἐμπεπρησμένης ὑός Refs 5th c.BC+ __II burn, ἐνέπρηθον μέγα ἄστυ Refs 8th c.BC+:—passive, Refs 1st c.AD+; compare ἐμπίμπρημι.