Withering and Drying

בּוֹשׁ109 vb. be ashamed (Sab. בום; מהבאס = evil-doer DHMZMG 1883, 375, ‖ Aramaic בְּהַת, Syriac ܒܗܶܬ whence Arabic بَهُتَ was surprised)— Qal Pf. Je 48:39; בּשׁ Je 48:13; בּוֹשָׁה Je 15:9; בֹּשְׁתִּי Je 31:19 + 25 times; Impf. יֵבוֹשׁ Is 29:22 + 57 times; Inf. abs. בּוֹשׁ Je 6:15; 8:12; Imv. בּוֹשִׁי Is 23:4 Ez 16:52, בּוֹשׁוּ Ez 36:32; Pt. pl. בּוֹשִׁים Ez 32:30;— 1. abs. feel shame Je 6:15 + 16 times, Is 19:9; 23:4; 37:27 Is 2 45:16 + 14 times Ez 16:63 Mi 7:16 Jo 2:26, 27 2 K 19:26 Ez 9:6 Jb 6:20 ψ 6:11 (+ 27 times, chiefly in late Psalms). 2. sq. מִן, be ashamed of, i.e. disconcerted, disappointed by reason of Je 2:36(×2); 12:13; 48:13 Is 1:29; 20:5 Ez 32:30; 36:32. 3. with obj. בֹּשְׁתִּי לִשְׁאוֹל I am ashamed to ask Ezr 8:22; לֹא תֵבשׁוּ תַּהְכְּרוּ לִי ye are not ashamed to deal hardly with me (impf. subj.) Jb 19:3. בּושׁ often ‖ נכלם & חפר; בּשׁוּ וְהָכְלְמוּ they are ashamed and confounded Je 14:3, 22:22 Is 20:5; 41:11; 45:16, 17 Ez 16:52; 36:32 ψ 35:4; 69:7 Ez 9:6; וּבשׁוּ הַחֹזִים וְחָֽפְרוּ הַקֹּסְמִים and the seers shall be ashamed and the diviners confounded Mi 3:7, cf. Je 15:9 Jb 6:20 ψ 35:26; 40:15; 70:3; 71:24; יֵבוֹשׁ מְקוֹרוֹ Ho 13:15 (read יִיבַשׁ be dry); עַד־בּוֹשׁ †Ju 3:25 2 K 2:17; 8:11. cf. עַד־בּשׁ to the point of confusion †Ju 3:25 (cf. GFM), 2 K 2:17; 8:11. Poʿlēl Pf. בֹּשֵׁשׁ delay (in shame), בּשֵׁשׁ משֶׁה לָרֶדֶת Moses delayed to descend Ex 32:1 (J), מַדּוּעַ בּשֵׁשׁ רִכְבּוֹ לָבוֹא why delay his chariots to come? Ju 5:28. Hiph. 1. הֱבִישׁוֹתָ ψ 44:8; הֱבִישֹׁתָה ψ 53:6; Impf. 2 ms. sf. תְּבִישֵׁנִי ψ 119:31, 116; תָּבִישׁוּ ψ 14:6; put to shame, Pt. מֵבִישׁ Pr 10:5; 14:35; 19:26; 29:15; one causing shame or acting shamefully, ‖ מַשְׂכִּיל; עֶבֶד מַשְׂכִּיל יִמְשֹׁל בְּבֵן מֵבִישׁ a servant acting wisely will rule over a son causing shame Pr 17:2; מְבִישָׁה ‖ אֵשֶׁת חַיִל Pr 12:4. 2. הוֹבִישׁ 2 S 19:6 Je 2:26; 6:15 Jo 1:10, 12; הֹבִישׁ Je 10:14 + 7 times, Ho 2:7 Jo 1:12, 17 Is 30:5 (but הבאיש Kt); הֹבִשׁוּ Je 8:9, 12; Imv. הֹבִישׁוּ Jo 1:11 (all the forms in Joel derived √ יָבֵשׁ by ancient versions and some moderns, vid. Ew§ 122e Ges§ 78b). a. put to shame 2 S 19:6. b. act shamefully Ho 2:7. c. to be put to shame Je 2:26; 6:15; 46:24; 48:1(×2), 20; 50:2(×2) Jo 1:10, 12, 17 (?). d. be ashamed Je 8:9, 12 Jo 1:11, 12 (?) Is 30:5 (Qr); c. מִן Je 10:14 = 51:17. Hithpoʿl Impf. יִתְבּשָׁ֑שׁוּ ashamed before one another Gn 2:25 (J).

† I. יָבֵשׁ vb. be dry, dried up, withered (NH id. (rare), 𝔗 יְבֵישׁ, chiefly Pa. Ithp., Syriac ܢܺܒܶܫ; Sab. Palm. deriv.; Arabic يَبِسَ; Ethiopic የብሰ )— Qal Pf. 2 ms. יָבֵשׁ Jos 9:5 + 8 times; וְיָבֵשׁ consec. Is 19:5 + 4 times; 3 fs. יָֽבְשָׁה Gn 8:14; 3 pl. יָֽבְשׁוּ Je 23:10 + 2 times; יָבֵ֑שׁוּ 50:38 + 2 times; Impf. 3 ms. יִבַשׁ Is 19:7; יִיבָ֑שׁ Je 12:4 Jb 8:12; וַיִּיבַשׁ 1 K 17:7; וַיִּיבָ֑שׁ Jon 4:7; 3 fs. תִּיבַשׁ Ez 17:10; תִּיבָ֑שׁ v 10 + 3 times, etc.; Inf. cstr. (בִּ)יבשׁ Is 27:11; יְבשֶׁת Gn 8:7; abs. יָבוֹשׁ Zc 11:17; יָבשׁ Ez 17:10;— 1. be dry, dried up without moisture: a. of bread Jos 9:5, 12 (JE). b. of ground lacking rain Am 4:7, cf. Am 1:2 (of Carmel at utterance of י׳’s voice), Je 23:10. c. of earth after the flood Gn 8:14 (P), cf. חָרֵב" dir="rtl" >חָרֵב. d. of grass, herbage, trees and crops (already implied in b) = wither Is 15:6; 19:7; 27:11 Je 12:4 Jb 8:12 Jo 1:12 Jon 4:7; in sim. of shortness of life ψ 90:6; 102:12; 129:6, v. also Is 40:7, 8 (in these two ‖ נָבֵל); of heart under fig. of grass ψ 102:5; of Judah under fig. of vine Ez 17:9(×2), 10(×3), cf. 19:12; of princes under fig. of tree Is 40:24; of roots of Ephr. under fig. of tree Ho 9:16, so of roots of wicked Jb 18:16. e. of hand, arm, dry up, wither, as judgment from י׳, 1 K 13:4 Zc 11:17(×2); in distress יָבֵשׁ כַּחֶרֶשׁ כֹּחִי ψ 22:16 my strength is dried up like the potsherd; of skin La 4:8, and (fig.) of bones Ez 37:11. 2. be dried up: of water Gn 8:7 (J), Is 19:5 1 K 17:7 Je 50:38 Jo 1:20 Jb 12:15; 14:11. Pi. make dry, dry up, only Impf. 3 ms. sf. וַיַּבְּשֵׁהוּ Na 1:4 and hath made it dry (י׳, the sea); 3 fs. תְּיַבֵּשׁ Jb 15:30 the flame shall dry up his branches (fig. of wicked); fig. תְּיַבֶּשׁ־נָּ֑רֶם Pr 17:22 a broken spirit maketh dry (the) bones. Hiph. Pf. 3 ms. הוֹבִישׁ Jos 2:10 + 3 times + Jo 1:10 (v. infr.); חֹבִישׁ Ez 19:12 + 2 times Jo (v. infr.); 3 fs. הוֹבִישָׁה Jo 1:12 (v. infr.); 2 ms. הוֹבַשְׁתָּ ψ 74:15; 1 s. הוֹבַשְׁתִּי Ez 17:24; וְהוֹבַשְׁתִּ֫י Je 51:36; 3 pl. וְהֹבִישׁוּ consec. Zc 10:11; Impf. 1 s. אוֹבִישׁ Is 42:15(×2); 44:27;—dry up, make dry: 1. dry up water, י׳ subj., Jos 2:10; 4:23(×2); 5:1 (all D), Je 51:36 (‖ הֶחֱרִיב), Is 42:15; 44:27 (חֳרָבִי in ‖ cl.), ψ 74:15. 2. make dry, wither: herbage, trees, crops, etc., of י׳, Is 42:15 (‖ החריב); obj. Babylon under fig. of tree Ez 17:24; of east wind’s drying up Judah’s fruit Ez 19:12. 3. exhibit dryness: of river-deeps laid bare Zc 10:11.—In like manner might be taken Jo 1:10, 12(×2), 17, if from יבשׁ; but the sense would be difficult, especially in v 10, 12, and הֹבִישׁוּ v 11 must be from בּוֹשׁ, to which all these cases in Jo may be consistently assigned; v. בּוֹשׁ" dir="rtl" >בּוֹשׁ.

† [מָסַס] vb. dissolve, melt, intr. (𝔗 מְסַס; cf. מסה, and II. מאס);— Qal Inf. cstr. מְסֹס נֹסֵס Is 10:18; like the melting (wasting away) of a נֹסֵס (q.v.) Niph. Pf. וְנָמֵס consec. Ez 21:12; וְנָמָ֑ס Ex 16:21 ψ 112:10; נָמַ֫סּוּ ψ 97:5 + 2 times; Impf. יִמַּס Dt 20:8 +; וַיִּמַּסּוּ Ju 15:14; Inf. abs. הִמֵּס 2 S 17:10; cstr. id. ψ 68:3; Pt. נָמֵס ψ 22:15 + 2 times;— 1. melt (intr.) of manna Ex 16:21; wax ψ 68:3 (sim. of wicked); manacles Ju 15:14 (=vanished, dropped off); wicked ψ 112:10 (melt away); especially of hills and mts. Mi 1:4 ψ 97:5 Is 34:3. 2. most often fig. of heart=faint, grow fearful, Na 2:11 2 S 17:10(×2) Dt 20:8 (Ges§ 121 b) Jos 2:11; 5:2; 7:5 Is 13:7; 19:1 Ez 21:12 ψ 22:15. 3. Pt.=wasted, consumptive (?), 1 S 15:9 (‖ נְמִבְזָה, read נִבְזָה v. בזה Niph.) נִמְאֶסֶת worthless, lit. rejected (v. מאס Niph.) Hiph. Pf. 3 pl. הֵמַסּוּ אֶת־לְבָבֵנוּ Dt 1:28 cause to melt (=intimidate).

† I. [חָרֵב] vb. be dry, dried up (cf. יָבֵשׁ) (Aramaic חֲרוֹב be dry, חוּרְבָּא drought);— Qal Pf. 3 pl. חָֽרְבוּ Gn 8:13(×2), Is 19:6; Impf. 3 ms. יֶחֱרַב Ho 13:15 + 2 times, וַיֶּחֱרָ֑ב ψ 106:9; Imv. fs. חֳרָ֑בִי Is 44:27;—be dry, dried up: 1. of ground, be freed from waters of flood ח׳ פְּנֵי הָאֲדָמָה Gn 8:13b (J). 2. of waters, be dried up, taken away; of waters of flood Gn 8:13a (P); of Nile וְנָהָר יֶחֱרַב וְיָבֵשׁ Is 19:5 (‖ וְנִשְּׁתוּ־מַיִם מֵהַיָּם), v. same combination Jb 14:11 (‖ אָֽזְלוּ מַיִם מִנִּי־יָם); Is 19:6 (‖ דָּֽלֲלוּ) 44:27 (‖ הוֹבִישׁ); of Red Sea ψ 106:9; fig. of Ephraim’s freshness and vigour Ho 13:15. Pu. Pf. 3 pl. לֹא חֹרָ֑בוּ Ju 16:7, 8, of fresh bow-strings (of gut, v. Bla). Hiph. Pf. הֶחֱרִיב Na 1:4, of י׳’s drying up rivers (‖ וַיַּבְּשֵׁהוּ), perhaps also Is 11:15 (for MT החרים) v. 𝔊 𝔖 𝔙 𝔗; וְהַחֲרַבְתִּ֫י the Euphrates Je 51:36 (‖ הוֹבַשְׁתִּי); Impf. אַחֲרִיב יָם Is 50:2, subj. י׳, I dry up a sea (‖ אָשִׂים נְהָרוֹת מִדְבָּר); אַחְרִב Is 37:25 = אַחֲרִב 2 K 19:24, of king of Assyria drying up rivers of Egypt; Pt. fs. הַמַּחֲרֶבֶת Is 51:10 of י׳’s arm drying up (Red) Sea.

ξηραίνω, future -ᾰνῶRefs 5th c.BC+: aorist ἐξήρἀνα Refs 5th c.BC+:—passive, future ξηρανθήσομαι Refs 2nd c.AD+middle ξηρᾰνοῦμαι in same sense, Refs 5th c.BC+: aorist ἐξηράνθην Refs 8th c.BC+: perfect ἐξήρασμαι NT+5th c.BC+; infinitive ἀπ-εξηράνθαι Refs 5th c.BC+; participle ἐξηρᾱμένος only late, Refs 3rd c.AD+: (ξηρός):—parch, dry up, ξηρανεῖ σ᾽ ὁ Βάκχιος E. [prev. cited]; of the sun, Refs 5th c.BC+; make costive, τὴν κοιλίην Refs 5th c.BC+:—passive, to be or become dry, parched, ἐξηράνθη πεδίον Il.[same place],Refs 5th c.BC+; to be withered, ἐξηράνθη ἡ συκῆ NT+2nd c.BC+ __2 drain dry, ξηράνας τὴν διώρυχα Refs 5th c.BC+ __3 metaphorically, κακουχεῖ αὑτὸν καὶ ξ. Refs 3rd c.BC+ __3.b passive, of a paralytic, NT

ἐκμάσσω, Attic dialect ἐκμάττω, perfect ἐκμέμᾰχα (ἐκμέμα-κα codices) conjecture in Refs 1st c.BC+aorist 2 passive -εμάγην [ᾰ] Refs 5th c.BC+; also aorist I participle ἐκμαχθείς Refs 5th c.AD+:—wipe off, wipe away, κάρᾳ κηλῖδας ἐξέμαξεν Refs 5th c.BC+; ἔκμασσε [τὸ αἷμα] Refs 5th c.BC+:—middle, wipe away one's tears, Refs 2nd c.AD+ __2 wipe dry, ὑπὸ σπόγγου Refs 5th c.BC+; [τοὺς ἔμπροσθεν πόδας] ἐ. εἰς τοὺς μέσους, of bees, Refs 4th c.BC+ __II of an artist, mould or model in wax or plaster, αὑτὸν ἐκμάττειν τε καὶ ἐνιστάναι εἰς τοὺς τῶν κακιόνων τύπους to mould and adapt oneself to.., Refs 5th c.BC+; of pessaries, Refs 5th c.BC+:—so in middle, Refs; ὧν ἔτι θερμὰ κονία.. ἐκμάσσεται ἴχνη of whose yet warm footsteps the dust receives the impress, Refs 3rd c.BC+; express, imitate, ἵππου γενεήν Refs 2nd c.BC+; ἐς τὸ ἀκριβέστατον ἐξεμάξατο τὸν διδάσκαλον he was the image of his master, Refs 4th c.AD+ —passive, μάλθης ἄναγνα σώματ᾽ ἐκμεμαγμένοι (variant{-μένα}) Refs 5th c.BC+; ἐκεῖνος αὐτὸς ἐκμεμαγμένος his very image, Refs 5th c.BC+; ὃ ἂν ἐκμαγῇ whatever be impressed, whatever impression be made (compare ἐκμαγεῖον), Refs 5th c.BC+; τὴν ἰδέαν τοῦ παιδὸς ἐκμεμάχθαι had impressed upon him the image of the boy, Refs 1st c.AD+

† נָשַׁת vb. be dry, parched;— Qal Pf. 3 fs. לְשׁוֹנָם בַּצָּמָא נָשָׁ֑תָּה Is 41:17 (on D f. affect. v. Ges§ 20 i); also fig. נָֽשְׁתָה גְבוּרָתָם Je 51:30, their might is dry, i.e. fails. Niph. Pf. 3 pl. consec. וְנִשְּׁתוּ־מַיִם מֵהַיָּ֑ם Is 19:5 and water shall be dried up from the sea; cf. Impf. יִנָּֽתְשׁוּ מַיִּם Je 18:14, where read prob. יִנָּֽשְׁתוּ (Gf Gie al.).

† [עָשֵׁשׁ] vb. waste away (cf. Assyrian ašašu, moth; Arabic عُثٌّ moth(-worm), عَثَّ eat (of moth; ? denom.); according to De ψ 6:8 al. עָשֵׁשׁ is denom. from עָשׁ, prop. be moth-eaten, but improb.); according to JacobZMG 1901, 142; ZAW 1902, 107 be dark; cf. עשׁשׁא darkness, in Chr-Pal. Qal Pf. 3 fs. עָֽשְׁשָׁה מִּכַּעַם עֵינִי ψ 6:8 my eye is wasted from grief, = 31:10 (בְּכַעַם; + נַפְשִׁי, בִּטְנִי); 3 pl. עֲצָמַי עָשֵׁ֑שׁוּ v 11.

† [עָבַשׁ] vb. shrivel (cf. Arabic عَبَسَ contract (especially face), frown);— Qal Pf. 3 mpl. עָֽבְשׁוּ פְרֻדוֹת Jo 1:17 the grains have shrivelled (cf. Dr Now).

† [צָמַק] vb. dry up, shrivel (NH id.; 𝔗J Nu 6:3 צְמִיקִין, for יְבֵשִׁיּם);— Qal Pt. act. pl. שָׁדַיִם צֹמְקִים Ho 9:14 shrivelling breasts (of women; ‖ רֶחֶם מַשְׁכִּיל).

† [צָנַם] vb. dry up, harden (cf. Aramaic צוּנָמָא, ܨܘܢܳܡܳܐ, stone);— Qal Pt. pass. fpl. צְנֻמוֹת Gn 41:23 (E) of ears of grain.