Winter Cold Season

† חֹ֫רֶף n.m. harvest-time, autumn (Arabic خَرِيفٌ freshly gathered fruit, autumn (also rain of autumn or beginning of winter) = Sab. חֿרפ(ן) DHMZMG 1875, xxix. 597; Sab. חֿרף, חֿרפם = year, cf. Ethiopic ኀሪፍ annus currens Os(Levy)ZMG 1865, 168, 174 DHMZMG 1883, 369; Assyrian ḫarpu, SchrJPTh 1875, 341 KAT2 53 n. = COT i. 54 n.)—abs. ח׳ Zc 14:8 + 5 times; sf. חָרְפִּי Jb 29:4;—קַיִץ וָחֹרֶף Gn 8:22 (J), ψ 74:17 Zc 14:8; בֵּית הַח׳ autumn-house or palace Am 3:15 Je 36:22 (+ בַּחֹדֶשׁ הַתְּשִׁיעִי in the 9th month, i.e. Nov.–Dec.); מח׳ עָצֵל לֹא יַחֲרֹשׁ Pr 20:4 a sluggard ploughs not after harvest; as implying maturity, בִּימֵי חָרְפִּי Jb 29:4 in the days of my autumn (prime).

† קֶ֫רַח n.m. Jb 38:29 frost, ice;—abs. ק׳ Gn 31:40 +, קָ֑רַח Jb 6:16 +; sf. קַרְחוֹ ψ 147:17;— 1. frost of night (opp. חֹרֶב of day), Gn 31:40 (E), Je 36:30. 2. ice, Jb 6:16; 37:10; 38:29 (‖ כְּפֹר hoarfrost), מַשְׁלִיךְ ק׳ כְפִתִּים ψ 147:17 (Hup al. think of hail, but v. Bae; ‖ קָרָה cold, שֶׁלֶג, כְּפוֹר v 16); probably also כְּעֵין ק׳ Ez 1:22 (so Krae; most crystal, after 𝔊).

χειμών, ῶνος, ὁ, (χεῖμα) winter, χειμῶνος δυσθαλπέος ὅς ῥά τε ἔργων ἀνθρώπους ἀνέπαυσεν Refs 8th c.BC+; χειμῶνι in winter, Refs 5th c.BC+; also χειμῶνος in winter-time, Refs 5th c.BC+; χ. μέσου in mid-winter, Refs 5th c.BC+in the course of the winter, Refs 5th c.BC+; διὰ χειμῶνος, διὰ τοῦ χ., Refs 5th c.BC+during winter, Refs 5th c.BC+; τὸν χ. during the winter, Refs 5th c.BC+; ὄρος ἄβατον ὑπὸ χειμῶνος in consequence of the cold weather, Refs 5th c.BC+; opposed to καύματα, Refs 5th c.BC+ __2 the wintry quarter of the heavens, the north, Βορέης καὶ χ. Refs 5th c.BC+ __II wintry, stormy weather: generally, storm, ἐπεὶ οὖν χειμῶνα φύγον καὶ ἀθέσφατον ὄμβρον Refs 8th c.BC+; χ. νοτερός a storm of rain, Refs 5th c.BC+ because of the winter-storms, Refs 5th c.BC+ __II.2 metaphorically, θεόσσυτος χ. storm of calamity sent by the gods, Refs 4th c.BC+; χ. καὶ κακῶν τρικυμίαRefs; δορὸς.. ἐν χειμῶνι in the storm of battle, Refs 5th c.BC+; θολερῷ.. χ. νοσήσας, of the madness of Ajax, Refs; χ. γήρως βαρύς, of life's winter, Refs 1st c.AD+; of a person, χ. ὁ μειρακίσκος ἐστὶ τοῖς φίλοις Refs 4th c.BC+: rare in Prose, of battle, Refs 1st c.AD+; of mental and moral trouble, Refs 4th c.BC+; χ. τοῦ κλύδωνος χαλεπώτερος, of pirates, Refs 4th c.AD+ to have trouble (in cutting teeth), Refs 5th c.BC+

παραχειμ-άζω, perfect participle -κεχειμακώςNT:—winter at a place, Refs 4th c.BC+

† סתו Kt, סְתָיו Qr n.m. winter (loan-wd. from Aramaic; cf. Syriac ܣܰܬܘܳܐ, 𝔗 סִיתְוָא; Arabic شِتَآءٌ Lane1504; prob. orig. שׂ׳, cf. SchwallyIdiot. 64; on ו as old nominat. ending (ס׳ for šutayu) cf. LagBN 190 Anm.);—הַסְּתָ֯ו עָבָ֑ר Ct 2:11.

† I. [קָרַר] vb. be cold (Arabic قَرَّ be cold, so Ethiopic ቈረረ Syriac ܩܰܪ; 𝔗 Ithpa. is cool oneself (rare); Levy cp. also NH Nithp. נִתְקָרֵר grow calm [i.e. cool]);— Hiph. make or keep cool: Pf. 3 fs. הֵקֵ֫רָה, fig., Je 6:7 b Jerus. keepeth her wickedness cool, fresh; Inf. cstr. metapl. הָקִיר (Ges§ 67 v) v 7 a, of בּוֹר keeping water cool (sim.).

κατα-ψύχω [ῡ], cool, chill, ὕδωρ κ. τὴν ξηρὰν ἀναθυμίασιν Refs 4th c.BC+; αἱ ἄτομοι.. κατέψυξαν [τὸ σῶμα] Refs 4th c.BC+:—passive, future - ψῠγήσομαι Refs 2nd c.AD+: perfect -έψυγμαι: aorist -εψύχθην, also -εψύγην [ῠ] Refs 4th c.BC+:—to be chilled, become cold, Refs 5th c.BC+; of persons, κατεψυγμένοι, opposed to θερμοί, Refs __2 metaphorically, οὐ -έψυξαν τὴν ὁρμήν did not allow their ardour to cool, Refs 1st c.AD+:— passive, κατέψυκτο τὸ πρακτικόν Refs 1st c.AD+ __3 cool, refresh, καταψύχει πνοή Refs 4th c.BC+ __II dry land after irrigation, Refs 3rd c.BC+ — passive, of a country, χώρα κατεψυγμένη dried or parched up, Refs 1st c.BC+ __III intransitive, cool down, of persons, LXX

παραχειμ-ᾰσία, ἡ, wintering in a place, NT+2nd c.BC+

ψύχω, Refs 5th c.BC+: future ψύξω Refs 4th c.BC+: aorist ἔψυξα Refs 8th c.BC+perfect ἔψῡχα Ps.-Refs 2nd c.AD+ H.:—passive, future ψυχθήσομαι Refs 5th c.BC+: future NT+2nd c.AD+: aorist ἐψύχθην Refs 5th c.BC+aorist 2 ἐψύχην [ῠ] Refs 5th c.BC+ P.: perfect ἔψυγμαι Refs 5th c.BC+:—breathe, blow, Ἀθήνη.. ἦκα μάλα ψύξασα Refs 8th c.BC+ __II make cool or cold (not necessarily by blowing), ἀπιὼν ἐπὶ μᾶλλον ψύχει (i.e. ὁ ἥλιος) Refs 5th c.BC+; opposed to θερμαίνω, Refs 5th c.BC+:—passive, grow cool or cold, Refs 5th c.BC+; of fire, to be put out, Refs 5th c.BC+will grow cold, NT __II.2 cool, refresh, θάλπουσα καὶ ψύχουσα, of a nurse tending a child, Refs: intransitive in active, seek the cool air, LXX+2nd c.BC+ __II.3 chill, torment, ἀμφάκει κέντρῳ ψύχειν ψυχὰν ἐμάν (Meineke conjecture ψήχειν) Refs 4th c.BC+; of death, ψύξει σε δαίμων τῷ πεπρωμένῳ χρόνῳ Refs 2nd c.AD+:—passive, ψύχετ᾽ ἀμηχανίῃ Refs 3rd c.BC+ __II.4 metaphorically in passive, to be frigid, Refs 3rd c.AD+ __III dry, make dry, δάκρυα δ᾽ οὐ ψύχει γενέτης ἐμός LXX: air, ἱμάτια Refs 2nd c.AD+:—passive, Refs 5th c.BC+; οὗ τὰ σῦκα ψύχεται, gloss on{τρασιά}, Refs 8th c.BC+ generally of drying in the wind, opposed to τερσήμεναι of drying in the sun, Refs 8th c.BC+ [ῡ always, except in aorist 2 passive, see Refs 5th c.BC+

III. [חָרַף] vb.denom. remain in harvest-time (so Arabic خَرَفَ; Eng. to winter)—only Qal Impf. 3 fs. כָּל־בֶּהֱמַת הָאָרֶץ עָלָיו תֶּחֱרָ֑ף Is 18:6 all the beasts of the earth shall spend the harvest-time upon it.