Extinguishing Fire

† [כָּבָה] vb. be quenched, extinguished, go, out, of fire or lamp (NH id.; Aramaic כְּבָא light of eyes; Arabic كَبَا id.)— Qal Pf. 3 pl. כָּבוּ Is 43:17; Impf. יִכְבֶּה 1 S 3:3; Pr 21:18; 3 fs. תִּכְבֶּה Lv 6:5 + 10 times; Inf. cstr. כְּבוֹתְךָ Ez 32:7 𝔊 𝔖 𝔙 Co (MT כַּבּ׳ Pi.)—be quenched, extinguished (c. neg. except 1 S 3:3; Pr 26:20; Is 43:17), of lamp (נֵר אֱלֹהִים) in sanctuary 1 S 3:3; of altar-fire Lv 6:5, 6; of נֵרָהּ Pr 31:18; of bodies of renegade Israelites Is 66:24 (cf. גֵּיא בֶן־הִנֹּם); subj. אֵשׁ fig. of contention Pr 26:20; fig. subj. fire kindled by י׳ Ez 21:3, 4; subj. wrath (חֵמָה) of י׳ 2 K 22:17 = 2 Ch 34:25; Je 7:20; wrath under fig. of fire (אֵשׁ) Je 17:27; so of burning land of Edom Is 34:10; of annihilation of Yahweh’s enemies Is 43:17 (כַּפִּשְׁתָּה; ‖ דָּעַךְ), cf. Pharaoh Ez 32:7 (v. supr.) Pi. Pf. וְכִבּוּ consec. 2 S 14:7; Impf. 3 ms. sf. יְכַבֶּנָּה Is 42:3; 2 ms. תְּכַבֶּה 2 S 21:17; וַיְכַבּוּ 2 Ch 29:7; Inf. כַּבּוֹת Ct 8:7; also MT כַּבּוֹתְךָ Ez 32:7 (but cf. supr.); Pt. מְכַבֶּה Is 1:31 + 3 times;—quench, extinguish, fig. except 2 Ch 29:7 (of extinguishing lamps, נֵרוֹת, in temple); sq. נֵר יִשְׂרָאֵל (fig. for life of David) 2 S 21:17; sq. גַּחַלְתִּי (coal = family-hope) 2 S 14:7 (of killing widow’s only son); sq. פִּשְׁתָּה כֵהָה Is 42:3 dimly-burning wick (fig. of spiritually weak); implied obj. ref. to wrath of י׳ Am 5:6 Je 4:4; 21:12; to people and idols Is 1:31; sq. love אַהֲבָה Ct 8:7 (subj. מַּיִם רַבִּים) Ez 32:7 cf. supr.

† [דָּעַךְ] vb. go out, be extinguished (poet. & especially Wisd. lit. (Aramaic דְּעִיךְ, ܕܥܶܟ )— Qal Pf. 3 mpl. דָּֽעֲכוּ Is 43:17; Impf. יִדְעַךְ Pr 20:20, יִדְעָ֑ךְ Jb 18:5 + 4 times;—go out, be extinguished, of lamp, always fig., lamp of wicked (i.e. prosperity) אוֹר רְשָׁעִים Jb 18:5, נֵר ר׳ Jb 18:6; 21:17 Pr 13:9; 20:20; 24:20; of hostile armies Is 43:17 (‖ כָּב֫וּ). Niph. Pf. 3 pl. נִדְעֲכוּ be made extinct, dried up, Jb 6:17 (of brooks). Pu. Pf. 3 pl. דֹּעֲכוּ of assailants, be extinguished, quenched כְּאֵשׁ קוֹצִים ψ 118:12; but read perhaps בעדו with 𝔊 Bae & Che, v. Checrit. n.

σβέννῡμι, Refs 5th c.BC+; σβεννύω, Refs 5th c.BC+: imperfect ἐσβέννυον Refs 2nd c.AD+future σβέσω App Refs 5th c.BC+; Epic dialect σβέσσω Oracle texts cited in Refs 5th c.BC+: aorist ἔσβεσα Refs 8th c.BC+; Epic dialect infinitive σβέσσαι Refs 8th c.BC+; Ionic dialect infinitive κατα-ς βῶσαι Refs 3rd c.BC+perfect and aorist 2, see below:—middle, future σβήσομαι (ἀπο-) Refs 5th c.BC+: aorist σβέσαντο Refs 4th c.AD+:—passive, Refs 8th c.BC+: future σβεσθήσομαι Refs 2nd c.AD+: aorist ἐσβέσθην Refs 5th c.BC+; Epic dialect συν-έσβετο Refs 2nd c.AD+: perfect ἔσβεσμαι Refs 5th c.BC+:—besides these, aorist 2 and perfect and pluperfect active are used intransitive, ἔσβην Refs 8th c.BC+; imperative σβῆτε (transitive) Refs 5th c.BC+; participle ἀπο-σβείς Refs 5th c.BC+perfect ἔσβηκα (ἀπ-) Refs 5th c.BC+pluperfect ἐσβήκει (ἀπ-) Refs 5th c.BC+:—quench, put out, used by Refs 8th c.BC+; σ. τὸ καιόμενον Refs 5th c.BC+ __2 of liquids, dry up, ἡ Μηδικὴ πόα σ. τὸ γάλα Refs 4th c.BC+ __3 generally and metaphorically, quench, quell, check, κεῖνός γ᾽ οὐκ ἐθέλει σβέσσαι χόλον Refs 8th c.BC+; καῦμα (in the bowels) Refs 5th c.BC+; λιθάργυρον ὄξει ἢ οἴνῳ σ. cooling it, Refs 1st c.AD+; ὕδατι δίψαν σ. Refs 3rd c.BC+; σ. τυραννίδα epigram cited in Refs 1st c.AD+; regard as extinguishable, ταύτας τὰς δυνάμεις Refs 3rd c.AD+ __II passive σβέννυμαι (with intransitive tenses of active, see above), to be quenched, go out, of fire, οὐδέ ποτ᾽ ἔσβη πῦρ Refs 8th c.BC+; of inflamed pustules, go down, disappear, Refs 5th c.BC+; ἰχθύων.. ᾠὰ μετὰ ἁλῶν σβεσθέντα (assuming variant) καὶ ἐποπτηθέντα Refs 3rd c.BC+: metaphorically of men, become extinct, die, Refs 4th c.BC+; of a city,Refs 1st c.AD+ __II.2 of liquids, run dry, γάλα Refs 4th c.BC+; αἶγες σβεννύμεναι goats which are going off their milk, Refs 8th c.BC+ __II.3 generally, to be quelled or lulled, of wind, οὐδέ ποτ᾽ ἔσβη οὖρος Refs 8th c.BC+; of sound, σβέννυτο θωρήκων ἐνοπή Refs 1st c.AD+; ἐσβέσθη Νίκανδρος his charm is quenched, Refs; of an orator, Refs 1st c.BC+; of legal proceedings, to be cancelled, διὰ τὸ ἐσβέσθαι πᾶν σπέρμα δίκης Refs 5th c.BC+ zg[uglide]es-, compare ζείναμεν· σβέννυμεν, Refs 5th c.AD+, Lithuanian gèsti 'to be extinguished'.)

ἐξᾰλείφω, perfect passive ἐξαλήλιμμαι (see. below): subjunctive aorist 2 passive ἐξαλῐφῇ variant in Refs 5th c.BC+:— plaster or wash over, τοῦ σώματος τὸ ἥμισυ ἐξηλείφοντο γύψῳ Refs 5th c.BC+; ᾗ ἔτυχε.. οὐκ ἐξαληλιμμένον τὸ τεῖχος where it was not whitewashed, Refs 5th c.BC+:—middle, anoint, μύρῳ βρενθείῳ ἐξαλείψαο Refs 7th c.BC+ __II wipe out, obliterate, ἐξαλειφθεῖσ᾽ ὡς ἄγαλμα Refs 5th c.BC+: metaphorically, wipe out of one's mind, πάντα τὰ πρόσθεν Refs 5th c.BC+; [ὑπόνοιαν] Refs 4th c.BC+; cancel, ἐ. ψηφίσματα Refs 5th c.BC+; ἐξαλειφόντων (i.e. τὸ ὀφείλημα) Refs; especially at Athens, ἐ. τινὰ ἐκ τοῦ καταλόγου strike his name off the roll, Refs 5th c.BC+; opposed to ἐγγράφω, Refs 5th c.BC+ —middle, ἐξαλείψασθαι τὰς ἀπογραφάς to get one's inventory cancelled, Refs 5th c.BC+ blot it out from one's mind, Refs 5th c.BC+ __II.2 metaphorically, wipe out, destroy, μὴ 'ξαλείψῃς σπέρμα Πελοπιδῶν Refs 5th c.BC+:—passive, ἡ Σπάρτης εὐδαιμονίη οὐκ ἐξηλείφετο Refs 5th c.BC+

† [זָעַךְ] vb. extinguish, only Niph. be extinguished יָמַי נִזְעָ֑כוּ Jb 17:1 (‖ רוּחִי חֻבָּ֑לָה). Elsewhere always דעך (q.v.), and so in cogn. languages. Prob. error for נדעכו.

† [יְצַב] vb. Pa. make certain, gain certainty (𝔗; cf. BH);— Pa. Inf. לְיַצָּבָא Dn 7:19, c. עַל concerning.