Fire and Burning

שָׂרַף117 vb. burn (70 times + בָּאֵשׁ, 2 times + בְּמוֹ־אֵשׁ) (NH (rare) = BH; Assyrian šarâpu; Aramaic שְׂרַף (rare); ܣܪܰܦ is absorb, consume);— Qal Pf. 3 ms. שׂ׳ Jos 11:9 +, 3 fs. sf. שְׂרָפָ֫תַם Is 47:14, etc.; Impf. 3 ms. יִשְׂרֹף Nu 19:5 + 2 times, more often וַיִּשְׂרֹף Ex 32:20 +, 2 mpl. תִּשְׂרְפוּן Dt 7:5 + 2 times; Inf. abs. שָׂרוֹף 2 S 23:7; cstr. שְׂרֹף Je 36:25 +; sf. שָׂרְפוֹ Ju 9:52; Am 2:1; Pt. act. שֹׂרֵף Lv 16:28; Nu 19:8, pl. שֹׂרְפִים 2 K 17:31; pass. mpl. שְׂרֻפִים Nu 17:4; fs. שְׂרוּפָה 1 S 30:3, שְׂרֻפָה ψ 80:17, pl. שְׂרוּפוֹת Ne 3:34, cstr. שְׂרֻפוֹת Is 1:7;—burn (59 times + בָּאֵשׁ, 2 times + בְּמוֹ־אֵשׁ): 1. in making bricks, + לִשְׂרֵפָה Gn 11:3 (J; obj. om.). 2. a. c. acc. rei, usually to destroy, e.g. door Ju 9:52, house Ju 12:1; 1 K 16:18 (both c. עַל pers.), Je 39:8 + 11 times, cf. pt. pass. Ne 3:24, city Jos 6:24 1 S 30:1, 14 + 16 times, cf. pt. pass. 1 S 30:3; Is 1:7, chariots Jos 11:6, 9 2 K 23:11 ψ 46:10 (subj. י׳), idols, etc., Ex 32:20 (acc. om.), Dt 9:21 + 10 times, roll †Je 36:25, 27, 28, 29, 32, wood †Is 44:16, 19 (both + בְּמוֹ־אֵשׁ), cf. ψ 80:17 (fig.), Je 51:32, hair †Ez 5:4; bones, to lime (as outrage) †Am 2:1; upon altars (in desecration) †1 K 13:2; 2 K 23:16, 20 = 2 Ch 34:5; bodies, as funeral rite † 1 S 31:12 (rare custom, RSSem i. 353; 2nd ed. 372; but Klo Bu read יִשְׂפְּדוּ [= יִס׳]; cf. BenzArch. 163; Ency. Bib. Dead NowArch. i. 188); שׂ׳ as funeral rite also (obj. om., prob spices, cf. 2 Ch 16:14), †c. ל pers. mort. Je 34:5, + acc. cogn. שְׂרֵפָה 2 Ch 16:14 (cf. שְׂרֵפָה); in ceremonial of P (never of burning sacrif. on altar, הִקְטִיר, cf. הֶעֱלָה, but) chiefly (14 times) of consuming refuse, especially unused portions of victims, etc. (to prevent use), and infected objects, Ex 29:14, 34 +, sometimes מִחוּץ לַמַּחֲנֶה Lv 4:12 (+ עַל־עֵצִים), v 21(×2) + 4 times, etc., cf. Ez 43:21; also of burning red heifer (to produce ashes for purification) Nu 19:5(×2), 8. †b. burn, c. acc. pers., (1) as penalty Jos 7:25 (JE), Ju 14:15; 15:6 Lv 20:14, cf. Nu 17:4 (pt. pass.), so, אֵשׁ subj., Is 47:14, c. acc. cogn. שְׂרֵפָה Lv 10:6 (P); (2) as sacrifice, Je 7:31; 19:5; + ל dei Dt 12:31; 2 K 17:31. †Niph. Impf. 3 ms. יִשָּׂרֵף Jos 7:15 +, 3 fpl. תִּשָּׂרַפְנָה Pr 6:27, etc.;—be burned (11 times + בָּאֵשׁ): of city Je 38:17 + v 23 (read תִּשָּׂרֵף for תִּשְׂרֹף 𝔊 𝔖 𝔗 Hi Ew Gf Gie Du), idols, etc., Mi 1:7; 1 Ch 14:12; ritually (cf. Qal 2 a ad fin.) Lv 4:12; 6:23; 7:17, 19; 13:52; 19:6; of pers., as penalty Gn 38:24 (J), Jos 7:15 (JE), 2 S 23:7 (poet.), Lv 21:9 (H). †Pi. Pt. sf. מְסָֽרְפוֹ Am 6:10 his burner, usually one burning him, but prob. burning spices for him, v. Dr and cf. Qal supra. †Pu. Pf. 3 ms. שׂרָ֑ף, of goat Lv 10:16 it was burnt up (and gone).

[קָטַר115] vb.denom. Pi. Hiph. make sacrifices smoke, send them up in smoke (proposes produce קְטֹרֶת, v StaZAW vi (1886), 298 f.);— Pi.42 Pf. 3 mpl. קִטְּרוּ Je 19:13 +, קִטַּרְתֶּם Je 44:21, 23; Impf. 3 ms. יְקַטֵּר Hb 1:16 +; 3 mpl. יְקַטֵּר֑וּן Ho 11:2, etc.; Inf. abs. קַטֵּר 1 S 2:16 +; cstr. Je 11:13 +, Pt. pl. מְקַטְּרִים Is 65:3 +, etc.;—make sacrifices smoke, offer them by burning: to י׳, 1 S 2:16 (where prob. read יְקַטְּרוּן [and so v 15] Stal.c. 299): elsewhere to other gods or in illegal worship, Je 44:23; c. acc. קִטֵּר (but see this, infr.) Je 44:21 (here [and al. in some other passages] of incense), תּוֹדָה Am 4:5; place is usually c. ב, e.g. בַּבָּמוֹת 2 K 17:11; 23:5; עוֹד הָעָם מְזַבְּחִים וּמְקַטְּרִים בַּבָּמוֹת 1 K 22:44; 2 K 12:4; 14:4; 15:4, 35 (R), cf. 2 K 16:4 = 2 Ch 28:4 (cf. RSSem. i. 471; 2nd ed. 490); הַבּ׳ אֲשֶׁר קִטְּרוּ שָׁמָּה 2 K 23:8; c. עַל e.g. על הגבעות Ho 4:13, על גג(ו)ת Je 19:13; 32:29, על הלבנים Is 65:3, על ההרים v 7; c. לְ of deity, Ho 11:2; Je 1:16 + 14 times Je (+ 19:13; 32:29 supr.), Hb 1:16; 2 K 22:17; 23:5; 2 Ch 25:14; 28:25; 34:25 Qr (> Kt Hiph.), to the brazen serpent 2 K 18:4. Pu. Pt. מְקֻטֶּרֶת מֹר וגו׳ Ct 3:6 fumigated with myrrh, etc. (Aq. 𝔙 Schlottm מִקְטֹרֶת). Hiph.71 Pf. 3 ms. הִקְטִיר Lv 9:10 +; 2 ms. הִקְטַרְתָּ Ex 29:13, 18, 25, etc.; Impf. 3 ms. יַקְטִיר Lv 4:26; 16:25, וַיַּקְטֵר Ex 40:27 +, etc.: Imv. ms. הַקְטֵר 2 K 16:15; Inf. abs. הַקְטֵיר 1 K 9:25; cstr. לְהַקְטִיר Ex 30:20 +; Pt. מַקְטִיר Je 33:18 +, etc. 1. make sacrifices smoke, usually a. in worship of י׳: abs. 1 K 12:33; 13:1; 2 Ch 29:11; c. acc. חלב Lv 17:6; Nu 18:17; 1 S 2:15, 16, עלת 2 K 16:13, 15; 2 Ch 13:11, אִשֶּׁה Ex 30:20; Lv 2:11; Nu 18:17, מנחה Je 33:18; רֹאשׁ etc. Lv 8:20 אַזְכָּרָה Lv 2:16; חלבי השׁלמים Lv 6:5; קטרת 1 S 2:28; on 1 K 9:25 v. Klo Benz; place is על מזבח Lv 4:10 + 5 times, הַמִּזְבֵּ֫חָה Ex 29:13, 18, 25 + 23 times Lv, Nu 5:26 (all P); c. הַמִּזְבֵּחַ (acc.) Lv 6:8; בַּבָּמוֹת 1 K 3:3; בגיא בן הִנִּם 2 Ch 28:3. b. less often in worship of other gods. לאלהיהן (gods of Sol.’s wives) 1 K 11:8, לאלהיו (of Moab) Je 48:35, להם (Baalim) Ho 2:15;—2 Ch 34:25 read Qr Piʿel. 2. cause incense to smoke, offer incense abs. 2 Ch 2:5; 26:18(×2), 19; c. עַל of altar 2 Ch 26:16; Ex 30:7; 40:27; c. acc. יַקְטִירֶנָּה 30:7, 8, קטרת סמים 30:7; 40:27; 2 Ch 2:3, קטרת תמיד Ex 30:8, הק׳ קטרת Nu 17:5; 2 Ch 29:7. 3. make smoke upon (על) both altars (of burnt-offering and of incense) 1 Ch 6:34, cf. also 23:13. Hoph. be made to smoke as a sacrifice: Impf. 3 fs. תָּקְטָ֑ר Lv 6:15;Pt. מֻקְמָר Mal 1:11 (Ew Ke al.[Ges§ 121 b]; We Now read מ׳ לִשְׁמִי מִנְחָה; but v. מֻקְטָר).

† חָרָה vb. burn, be kindled, of anger (Aramaic חרי Pa. cause fire to burn (rare); Zinj. חרא anger, NöZMG 1893, 98. 103; Arabic حَرْوَةٌ burning sensation, in throat, etc., from rage and pain)— Qal Pf. ח׳ Gn 4:6 + 20 times; Impf. יֶחֱרֶה Ex 32:11 + 2 times; יִ֫חַר Gn 18:30 + 7 times; וַיִּ֫חַר Gn 4:5 + 46 times; Inf. abs. חָרֹה 1 S 20:7; cstr. חֲרוֹת 2 S 24:1 ψ 124:3;— 1. of man: a. חרה אף (one’s) anger was kindled, burned Gn 39:19 Nu 22:27 (J), Ex 32:19, 22 (JE), Ju 9:30; 14:19 1 S 11:6 Jb 32:2, 5; c. בְּ against Gn 30:2 (E), 44:18 (J), 1 S 17:28; 20:30 2 S 12:5 2 Ch 25:10 ψ 124:3 Jb 32:2, 3; c. אֶל Nu 24:10 (E). b. impers., אף omitted; חרה לְ it was kindled for (him) he burned with anger Gn 31:36 (E), 4:5, 6; 34:7 Nu 16:15 (J), 1 S 15:11 (read perhaps וַיֵּצֶר, Weir in Dr), 18:8; 20:7(×2) 2 S 3:8; 6:8 = 1 Ch 13:11, 2 S 13:21; 19:43 Ne 3:33; 4:1; 5:6 Jon 4:1, 4, 9(×2); ins. ויחר לדוד 2 S 11:22 𝔊 We Dr; ח׳ בְּעֵינֵי Gn 31:35; 45:5 (E). 2. of God: a. ח׳ אף Ex 22:23 Nu 22:22 (E), Nu 11:1, 10; 32:10 (J); c. בְּ Ex 4:14; 32:10 Nu 12:9 Dt 31:17 (J), 6:15; 7:4; 11:17; 29:26 Jos 23:16 (D), Ju 6:39 2 S 6:7 = 1 Ch 13:10, Ho 8:5 2 K 23:26 2 Ch 25:15 Jb 42:7; בְּעַם Ex 32:11 Nu 11:33 (J), Is 5:25 ψ 106:40; בישׂראל Nu 25:3; 32:13 (JE); Ju 2:14, 20; 3:8; 10:7 2 S 24:1 2 K 13:3; בבני ישׂראל Jos 7:1 (R); בנהרים, אף omitted, Hb 3:8; c. עַל Zc 10:3. b. חרה לְ Gn 18:30, 32 (J) 2 S 22:8 = ψ 18:8.— Note. חרה not in HP (who use קצף); nor in Je Ez Is 2 Pr or poetry of Jb. Niph. Pf. נִחֲרוּ־ sq. בְּ Ct 1:6 (according to Bö ii. 379 De Köi. 551) be angry with; Pt. כֹּל הַנֶּחֱרִים בְּ׳ all that are incensed against (thee) Is 41:11, so 45:24. Hiph. Pf. הֶחֱרָה הֶחֱזִיק Ne 3:20 burned with zeal (?) in repairing, but 𝔊 om. החרה; prob. dittogr.; Impf. וַיַּחַר עָלַי אַפּוֹ Jb 19:11 and kindled his anger against me. Hithp. Impf. אַל תִּתְחַר ψ 37:1, 7, 8 Pr 24:19 heat oneself in vexation.—The foll. forms are somewhat dub.: Impf. 2 ms. אֵיךְ תְּתַחֲרֶה אֶת־הַסּוּסִים Je 12:5 how canst thou hotly contend (in a race) with the horses? Pt. כִּי אַתָּה מְתַחֲרֶה בָאָ֑רֶז Je 22:15 because thou strivest eagerly (to excel) in cedar; expl. as Tiphʿēl by Thes Ges§ 55, 5 Ew§ 122 a Ol§ 255 a Sta§ 159 b Köi. p. 557 al., and regarded by most as a rare causative stem; but ag. existence of Tiphʿēl v. BaNB § 180 a; ZMG 1894, 20; Ba regards the form as denom. (from a noun formed by ת preform., cf. Aramaic ܬܰܚܪܘܽܬܳܐ contention); SS would point as Hithp. [cf. Syriac ܐܶܬܚܪܺܝ contend with, ܚܶܪܝܳܢ contention], although meaning of Hithp. is diff., v. supr.

† I. [בָּעַר] vb. burn, consume (𝔗 בְּעַר burn; ܒܥܰܪ seek out, collect, glean; this apparently earlier meaning)— Qal Pf. 3 fs. בָּֽעֲרָה Nu 11:3 + 2 times, וּבָֽעֲרָה consec. Is 10:17 + 3 times, בָּֽעֲרוּ Ju 15:14 + 2 times + 2 S 22:13 (but cf. De on ψ 18), וּבָֽעֲרוּ consec. Is 1:31; Impf. יִבְעַר Ex 3:3 ψ 2:12, etc.; Pt. בֹּעֵר Ex 3:2 + 6 times, בֹּעֵרָ֑ה Is 34:9, בּוֹעֵרָה Ho 7:4, בֹּעֲרָ֫ה Is 30:33, בֹּעֶ֫רֶת Je 20:9, בֹּעֲרוֹת Ez 1:13;—burn, 1. (intr.) specif. begin to burn, be kindled ψ 18:9 sq. מִן (subj. גֶּחָלִים) = 2 S 22:9 (in v 13 textual error cf. supr.), ψ 106:18 (subj. אֵשׁ); fig. ψ 2:12 (subj. אַפּוֹ); cf. Je 44:6 (subj. חֵמָה); Is 30:33 (c. בְּ, subj. נִשְׁמַת י׳), ψ 39:4 (subj. אֵשׁ fig. of grief, distress) cf. Je 20:9. 2. be burning, burn, Ju 15:14 (subj. פִּשְׁתִּים, c. בָּאֵשׁ), Ex 3:2 (הסנה, c. בָּאֵשׁ), v 3 (subj. id.); Dt 4:11; 5:25; 9:15 (all subj. הר, c. בָּאֵשׁ), cf. Is 34:9 (זֶפֶת בערה), fig. of destruction Is 1:31 (subj. חָסֹן & פֹּעֲלוֹ); of torch לַפִּיד Is 62:1; of oven תַּנּוּר Ho 7:4, 6 (i.e. heated by fire within it). 3. trans. burn, consume (subj. אשׁ, להבה etc., sq. בְּ) Nu 11:1, 3 (אשׁ י׳). Jb 1:16 (אשׁ אלהים); in simile Ez 1:13 (גחלי אשׁ י׳), ψ 83:15 (only here trans. c.acc.; should תבער be pointed as Pi.?); fig. (subj. wrath of י׳) Is 42:25 cf. La 2:3 (subj. fire = fiery trial) Is 43:2. 4. act. but abs., fig. subj. wrath of י׳ Je 4:4; 7:20; 21:12 ψ 89:47 cf. Is 10:17 ψ 79:5 Is 30:27 (שֵׁם י׳ … בֹּעֵר אַפּוֹ) Mal 3:19 (היום בא); of human anger Est 1:12; subj. wickedness Is 9:17. Pi. Pf. בִּעֵר 1 K 22:47 2 K 23:24, וּבִעֵר consec. Lv 6:5, בִּעַ֫רְתָּ 2 Ch 19:3, וּבִעַרְתָּ֫ Dt 13:6 + 9 times in Dt; וּבִעֲרוּ cons. Ez 39:9(×2) (9a del. Co after Vrss), etc.; Impf. יְבַעֵר 1 K 14:10; 2 ms. תְּבַעֵר Dt 21:9, יְבַעֲרוּ Ez 39:10; 2 mpl. תְּבַעֲרוּ Ex 35:3, וּנְבַעֲרָה Ju 20:13 Inf. בָּעֵר Is 40:16; Pt. מְבַעֲרִים Je 7:18;— 1. kindle, lit. c. acc. אשׁ Ex 35:3 Je 7:18 cf. Ez 39:9 (v. supr.) v 10; fig. of י׳ sending destruction Ez 21:4 cf. of human schemes Is 50:11; light, obj. lamps in temple 2 Ch 4:20 cf. 13:11. 2. burn, lit. c. acc. עֵצִים Lv 6:5, גָּלָל dung 1 K 14:10; abs. Is 44:15 cf. 40:16 Ne 10:35. 3. fig. consume, utterly remove, partic. of evil and guilt, c. acc., especially in Deuteronomic phrase (מישׂראל) ובערת הרע מקרבך Dt 13:6; 17:7, 12; 19:13, 19; 21:21 cf. v 9 22:21, 22, 24; 24:7, v. also Ju 20:13; further, 1 K 22:47 2 K 23:24 2 Ch 19:3; also of devoted (tabooed) things Dt 26:13, 14; of persons (exterminate) 2 S 4:11; sq. אחרי pregn. 1 K 14:10; 16:3; 21:21; = devour, devastate, greedily enjoy the fruits of, Is 3:14; abs. היה לְבָעֵר be for destruction, be destroyed Nu 24:22 Is 5:5; 6:13; cf. רוּחַ בָּעֵר Is 4:4. Pu. Pt. מְבֹעָ֑רֶת Je 36:22;—burn (i.e. be supplied with fire), of fire-jar, הָאָח. Hiph. Pf. וְהִבְעַרְתִּ֫י Na 2:14; Impf. וַיַּבְעֵר Ju 15:5 2 Ch 28:3, וַיַּבְעֶר־ Ju 15:5; תַּבְעִיר Ez 5:2; Pt. מַבְעִיר 1 K 16:3, מַבְעִר Ex 22:5;— 1. kindle (c. acc. cogn.) Ex 22:5, cf. Ju 15:5 ויב׳ אשׁ בלפידים caused fire to burn among the brands. 2. burn up, c. acc. Ju 15:5 2 Ch 28:3 (sacrifice of children) בָּאֵשׁ) Ez 5:2 (בָּאוּר but cf. Co) Na 2:14 (בעשׁן). 3. consume = destroy (cf. Pi.) 1 K 16:3 (sq. אַחֲרֵי).

κατακαίω, Attic dialect κατακάω [ᾱ], Epic dialect infinitive κατακαιέμεν Refs 8th c.BC+: future -καύσωRefs 5th c.BC+: aorist κατέκαυσα Refs 5th c.BC+; Epic dialect 3rd.pers. singular κατέκηε Refs 8th c.BC+; 1st pers. plural subjunctive κατακήομεν (variant{-κείομεν}) Refs 8th c.BC+; infinitive κατακῆαι Refs 8th c.BC+: perfect -κέκαυκαRefs 5th c.BC+:—passive, future -καυθήσομαιRefs 5th c.BC+, -καήσομαι NTaorist κατεκαύθην (the Attic dialect form) Refs 5th c.BC+; Laconian dialect infinitive -καῆμενRefs 1st c.AD+; -εκαύσθην Refs 4th c.BC+: perfect -κέκαυμαιRefs 5th c.BC+:—burn completely, in Refs 8th c.BC+ of sacrifices and dead bodies, κατακήομεν αὐτούς Refs 8th c.BC+; κ. τοὺς μάντιας burn them alive, Refs 5th c.BC+; of cities and houses, etc., κατὰ μὲν ἔκαυσαν.. πόλιν Refs; [οἰκίη] κατεκάη Refs 5th c.BC+ [same place]; γῆ κατακεκαυμένη burnt earth, Refs 4th c.BC+; Κατακεκαυμένη, name of the upper valley of the Hermus, in Lydia, Refs 1st c.BC+; of the fingers, to be burnt with hot food, Refs 3rd c.BC+ __2 of hot winds, parch, τὰ ἐκ τῆς γῆς Refs 3rd c.BC+ __3 metaphorically, ὁ ἔρως ἐμέ.. κατακέκαυκεν Refs (c):—passive, τὰ στόματα -κάεται ἐπὶ τέχνην Refs 4th c.BC+ __II passive, of fire, κατὰ πῦρ ἐκάη had burnt down, burnt out, Refs 8th c.BC+

καίω, Attic dialect κάω [ᾱ], imperfect ἔκαιον Refs 8th c.BC+, Epic dialect καῖον Refs 8th c.BC+: future καύσω Refs 5th c.BC+: aorist 1 ἔκαυσα Refs 5th c.BC+; Epic dialect ἔκηα (certain active and middle forms have κει- in codices of Refs 8th c.BC+; 3rd.pers. singular ἔκηε (ν) Refs; unaugm. κῆεν Refs; 3rd.pers. plural ἔκηαν (variant{ἔκειαν}) Refs 8th c.BC+ codices; 1st pers. plural subjunctive κείομεν Refs 8th c.BC+ (κατα-), Refs; infinitive κῆαι Refs 8th c.BC+; participle κείαντες Refs, Attic dialect κέαντες Refs 5th c.BC+perfect κέκαυκα Refs 5th c.BC+ —middle, aorist 1 ἐκαυσάμην Refs 5th c.BC+; Epic dialect κείαντο, κειάμενοι, Refs 8th c.BC+:—passive, future καυθήσομαι NT+5th c.BC+: aorist 1 ἐκαύθην Refs 5th c.BC+; Epic dialect and Ionic dialectaorist 2 ἐκάην [ᾰ] Refs 8th c.BC+; infinitive καήμεναι Refs 8th c.BC+: perfect κέκαυμαι Refs 5th c.BC+; infinitive κεκαῦσθαι Refs 4th c.BC+ __I kindle, πυρὰ πολλά Refs 8th c.BC+ —middle, πῦρ κείαντο they lighted them a fire, Refs 8th c.BC+:—passive, to be lighted, burn, πυραὶ νεκύων καίοντο Refs 8th c.BC+; αἱ φλόγες αἱ καιόμεναι.. περὶ τὸν οὐρανόν the meteors which blaze, Refs 4th c.BC+; of ore, to be smelted, Refs __II set on fire, burn, μηρία, ὀστέα, Refs 8th c.BC+:—passive, νηυσὶν καιομένῃσιν Refs __II.2 make hot, of the sun, ἀνθρώπους Refs 5th c.BC+; [Χείμαρρος] ἠελίῳ κεκαυμένος smelted, Refs 1st c.AD+ __II.3 of extreme cold, ἡ Χιὼν καίει τῶν κυνῶν τὰς ῥῖνας Refs 5th c.BC+; κάειν λέγεται.. τὸ ψυχρόν, οὐχ ὡς τὸ θερμόν Refs 4th c.BC+ __II.4 passive, of fever-heat, τὰ ἐντὸς ἐκάετο Refs 5th c.BC+: metaphorically, of passion, especially of love, to be on fire, ἐν φρασὶ καιομένα Refs 5th c.BC+; καίεσθαί τινος (i.e. ἔρωτι) Refs 4th c.BC+; also καομένη Ἑλλάς Greece being in a fever of excitement, Refs 5th c.BC+ __II.5 suffer from inflammation, ἐκαύθη ἔσω Refs 5th c.BC+ __III burn and destroy (in war), τέμνειν καὶ κ., κ. καὶ πορθεῖν, waste with fire and sword, Refs 5th c.BC+ __IV of surgeons, cauterize, ὤμους Refs 5th c.BC+:—in passive, Refs to use knife and cautery, Refs 5th c.BC+ __V burn or bake pottery, κανθάρους uncertain in Refs 5th c.BC+

† [לָהַט] vb. blaze up, flame (NH id.; Syriac ܠܗܶܛ; Assyrian laʾâṭu, in der. forms);— Qal Pt. act. אֵשׁ לֹהֵט ψ 104:4 a flaming fire (so Bae; אֵשׁ וָלַהַט Bi Che, cf. Ol), made into י׳’s servants; pl. לֹהֲטִים 57:5 (fig. of enemies, cf. לְבָאִם v a). Pi. Pf. 3ms. וְלִהַט Mal 3:19; 3 fs. לִהּטָה Jo 1:19; Impf. 3 fs. תְּלַהֵט Jo 2:3 + 4 times; וַתְּלַהֵט Dt 32:22; sf. וַתְּלַהֲטֵהוּ Is 42:25;—set ablaze, usually c. acc.;—foundation of mts., Dt 32:22 (subj. אֵשׁ, fig. of י׳’s judgment, ‖ קָדַח, יָקַד, אָכַל), cf. תְּל׳ הָרִים ψ 83:15 (in sim., subj. לֶהָבָה; ‖ כְּאֵשׁ תִּבְעַר־יָ֑עַר); of flame (לֶהָבָה) consuming trees Jo 1:19 (of effects of drought; ‖ אֵשׁ אָֽכְלָה); persons Mal 3:19 (subj. הַיּוֹם הַבָּא; ‖ בָּעַר); cf. ψ 97:3 (subj. אֵשׁ), 106:18 (subj. לֶהָבָה; ‖ וַתִּבְעַר־אֵשׁ); hyperb. of י׳’s wrath (חֵמָה אַפּוֹ וֶעֱזוּז מִלְחָמָה) consuming Jacob Is 42:25; of crocodile (hyperb.), נַפְשׁוֹ גֶּחָלִים תְּלַהֵ֑ט Jb 41:13 his breath setteth coals ablaze; abs. Jo 2:3, fig. of devastation by locusts (subj. לֶהָבָה; ‖ אָֽכְלָה אֵשׁ).

† [יָקַד] vb. be kindled, burn (Aramaic יְקַד, ܝܺܩܶܕ, burn, intrans.; Arabic وَقَدَ, id.)— Qal Impf. 3 ms. יֵקַד Is 10:16; 3 fs. וַתִּיקַד Dt 32:22; Pt. act. f. יֹקֶ֫דֶת Is 65:5; pass. יָקוּד 30:14;—be kindled, fig. of judgment, יֵקַד יְקֹד כִּיקוֹד אֵשׁ Is 10:16; so burn, Dt 32:22 a fire hath been kindled (קָֽדְחָה) in my wrath, וַתִּיקַד עַד־שְׁאוֹל and it burneth unto Sheʾôl; fig. of people displeasing to י׳, אֵלֶּה עָשָׁן בְּאַפִּי אֵשׁ יֹקֶדֶת כָּל־הַיּוֹם Is 65:5; pt. יָקוּד kindled, as subst. לַחְתּוֹת אֵשׁ מִיָּקוּד 30:14 to take fire from that which is kindled, i. e. from the hearth (LgBN 60). Hoph. Impf. 3 fs. תּוּקַד Lv 6:2, 5, 6; תּוּקָ֑ד Je 15:14; 17:4;—be burning, burn, of (perpetual) altar-fire Lv 6:2, 5, 6 (P); fig. of י׳’s judgment, אֵשׁ קָֽדְחָה בְּאַפִּי עֲלֵיכֶם תּוּקָ֑ד Je 15:14, similarly 17:4 (cf. Dt 32:22 supr., as prob. source of both).

πῠρόω, (πῦρ) burn with fire, burn up, τὰς Ἀθήνας Refs 5th c.BC+; burn as a burnt sacrifice, ὀσφῦν Refs 5th c.BC+; burn on a pyre, ἣν πεπύρωκαν (sic) ἐγώ Refs; π. Κύκλωπος ὄψιν burn out his eye, Refs 5th c.BC+ —middle, παῖδα πυρωσαμένη having placed my son on the pyre, Refs 1st c.AD+:—passive, to be set on fire, to be burnt, πυρωθέντων Τρώων Refs 5th c.BC+ __b π. τὴν γεῦσιν, τὴν γλῶσσαν, seem hot to the taste or tongue, Refs 1st c.AD+ __c ἡ ζεστολουσία.. πυροῦσα τὴν ἐπιφάνειαν reddening or warming up the surface, Refs 1st c.AD+ __2 metaphorically, set on fire, inflame, Ἔρως σὺ δ᾽ εὐθέως με πύρωσον Refs:—passive, to be inflamed or excited, παραγγέλμασιν.. πυρωθεὶς καρδίαν Refs 4th c.BC+; τινι by a person (with love), NT+1st c.AD+ __II absolutely, produce fire, Refs 4th c.BC+:—passive, to become fire, to be ignited, Refs 5th c.BC+ __III treat with fire: roast, grill, Refs 5th c.BC+; bake, πλίνθους Refs 4th c.BC+; warm on the fire, Refs 2nd c.BC+; melt, [ἀργυρώματα] Refs 3rd c.BC+; make red hot, Refs 1st c.AD+; fumigate, δῶμα θεείῳ Refs 3rd c.BC+; cauterize, Refs 4th c.BC+ __III.2 passive, to be affected by fire, ὁ χρυσὸς οὐ πυροῦται Refs __III.3 of gold, to be proved or tested by fire, χρυσίον πεπυρωμένον ἐκ πυρός NT: metaphorically, proved by fire, approved, LXX+1st c.AD+ __III.4 to be affected by heart-burn, Refs 1st c.AD+

† מִכְוָה n.f. burnt-spot, scar of a burn; מִכְוַת־אֵשׁ Lv 13:24; מִכְוָה v 24, 25, 28(×2) (all P).

† I. שָׂרָף n.m. Is 14:29 fiery, serpent, usually venomous (poss. from above √, from burning effect of poison);—abs. שׂ׳ Nu 21:8 (JE; on Arabic parallels v. JacobAr. Dichter ii. 93, iv. 10 f.), appos. נָחָשׁ שׂ׳ Dt 8:15, pl. הַנְּחָשִׁים הַשְּׂרָפִים Nu 21:6; a flying serpent, or dragon, שָׂרָף מְעוֹפֵף Is 14:29; 30:6.

ἄσβεστος, ον, also η, ον Refs 8th c.BC+:— unquenchable, inextinguishable, φλόξRefs 8th c.BC+ [same place]; not quenched, πῦρ ἄ.Refs 8th c.BC+; ἄ. πόρος ὠκεανοῦ ocean's ceaseless flow, Refs 4th c.BC+; πῦρ, of hell, NT __II as substantive, ἄσβεστος (i.e. τίτανος), ἡ, unslaked lime, Refs 3rd c.BC+ __II.2 a mineral or gem, Refs 1st c.AD+. ἀσβεστώδης· tofus, Refs

καυμᾰτ-ίζω, burn, scorch up, NT:—passive, to be burnt up, NT; become heated, suffer from heat, Refs 1st c.AD+

† [חָתָה] vb. snatch up, usually fire, coals (NH id.; 𝔗 חֲתָא id. (rare); Assyrian ḫatû is destroy (i.e. snatch away?) v. SASmithAsrb. i. 90)— Qal Impf. יַחְתֶּה Pr 6:27; sf. יַחְתְּךָ ψ 52:7; Inf. cstr. לַחְתּוֹת Is 30:14; Pt. חֹתֶה Pr 25:22;—snatch up, c. acc. אֵשׁ מִיָּקוּד Is 30:14 to snatch up fire from a hearth (‖ לַחְשֹׂף מים מִגֶּבֶא); אֵשׁ בְּחֵיקוֹ Pr 6:27 shall a man snatch up fire in his bosom and his garments not be burned? (in sim. of adulterer); pregn. seize (and put) upon גֶּחָלִים אַתָּה ח׳ על־רֹאשׁוֹ Pr 25:22; יַחְתְּךָ וְיִסָּֽחֲךָ מֵאֹ֑הֶל ψ 52:7 God … shall snatch thee away, and pluck thee up tent-less.

† [שָׁדַף] vb. scorch, blight (NH id.; Niph. Hithp. be blighted; J.Aram. שְׁדַף Ithpe. burn (up); Arabic سدف iv. be dark);— Qal Pt. pass. cstr., of ears of grain, שְׁדוּפֹת קָדִים Gn 41:6 scorched by a sirocco, so שְׁדֻפוֹת ק׳ v 23, שׁ׳ הַקּ׳ v 27 (all E).

καυσ-όω, heat, Refs 2nd c.AD+:—passive, burn with intense heat, NT: generally, to be burnt, Refs __II suffer from καῦσος (A) 1, Refs 1st c.AD+

φλογ-ίζω, future φλογίσω [prev. author = 5th c.AD(?): Hesychius Legal icographus], but -ιῶLXX:— ={φλέγω}, set on fire, burn, LXX+5th c.BC+: singe, Refs 5th c.BC+:—passive, to be set on fire, blaze, flame, φλογιζόμενον ἅλιον Refs 5th c.BC+: to be burnt up, consumed, Refs 4th c.BC+: metaphorically, of the tongue, NT __II intransitive, burn, blaze, LXX

† כְּוִיָּה n.f. id.; כ׳ תַּחַת כ׳ Ex 21:25.

ἀναζωπῠρ-έω, rekindle, light up again, in tmesi, ἀν᾽ αὖ σὺ ζωπυρεῖς νείκη νέαNT+5th c.BC+:—passive, to be rekindled, Refs 5th c.BC+; to be excited, Refs 4th c.AD+ __II intransitive in active, Refs 1st c.AD+

ἐκκαίω, Attic dialect ἐκκάω, future -καύσω: aorist I ἐξέκαυσα Refs 5th c.BC+, but participle ἐκκέαντες Refs 5th c.BC+:—burn out, τοὺς ὀφθαλμούς τινος Refs 5th c.BC+:—passive, ἐκκάεσθαι τοὺς ὀφθαλμούς to have one's eyes burnt out, Refs 5th c.BC+ __II light up, kindle, τὰ πυρά Refs 5th c.BC+; provoke to anger, ἔκ με κάεις Refs 3rd c.BC+; inflame with curiosity, excite, τινά Refs 1st c.AD+:—passive, to be kindled, burn up, τὸ πῦρ ἐκκάεται LXX+5th c.BC+ __II.2 stimulate, τὴν βλάστησιν Refs 4th c.BC+ __III scorch, ἐκκαίων ὁ ἥλιος Refs 4th c.BC+; of thirst, parch, Refs 2nd c.AD+

ἐμ-πρήθω, blow up, inflate, of the wind, ἐν δ᾽ ἄνεμος πρῆσεν μέσον ἱστίον Refs 8th c.BC+:—passive, to be bloated or swollen, ἐμπεπρησμένης ὑός Refs 5th c.BC+ __II burn, ἐνέπρηθον μέγα ἄστυ Refs 8th c.BC+:—passive, Refs 1st c.AD+; compare ἐμπίμπρημι.

κατανᾱλ-ίσκω, imperfect -ανάλισκον Refs 6th c.BC+: pluperfect -ανηλώκει (intransitive) Refs 5th c.BC+: but aorist -ηνάλωσα Refs 6th c.BC+:—passive, aorist -αναλωθῆναι Refs 6th c.BC+; subjunctive -αναλωθῇ Refs 5th c.BC+; indicative -ηναλώθησαν Refs: perfect -ανήλωμαι Refs 6th c.BC+ codices; infinitive Refs 1st c.AD+:— use up, spend, lavish, Refs 6th c.BC+; εἴς τι upon a thing, Refs 6th c.BC+; of space in a treatise, Refs 1st c.BC+:—passive, with pluperfect active, to be lavished, Refs 5th c.BC+ [prev. cited] __2 consume, Refs 4th c.BC+ 2.160b; devour fuel, of fire, Refs 4th c.BC+; later, eat, [ἰχθύν] Refs 2nd c.BC+ —passive, ἡ τροφὴ κ. εἰς τὴν αὔξησιν, εἰς τὸ σῶμα, Refs 5th c.BC+

πύρῐνος [ῠ], η, ον, (πῦρ) of fire, fiery, σῶμα Refs 4th c.BC+; εἰ.. ὁ ἀὴρ μὴ πῦρ, ἀλλὰ π. NT+1st c.BC+; π. νύμφαι hot springs, Refs; π. φάρμακον fiery drug, probably arsenic, Maria cited in Zos.Alch.p.201 Refs 5th c.BC+ __II metaphorically, π. πόλεμος bitter, obstinate war, Refs 2nd c.BC+ __II.2 π. ἀσπαστικόν fiery greeting, Refs

τεφρ-όω, burn to ashes, NT+3rd c.BC+:—middle, Refs 2nd c.BC+:—passive, to be burnt to ashes, Refs 4th c.BC+; to be covered with ashes, Refs 2nd c.AD+

† אֶקְדָּח n.[m.] perhaps fiery glow, sparkle; אַבְנֵי אֶקְדָּ֑ח Is 54:12 i.e. carbuncles (?);—𝔊 λίθους κρυστάλλου, 𝔙 lapides sculptos, Aq Theod Sym.

† נִיצוֹץ n.[m.] spark;—Is 1:31 (fig.).

† I. רִצְפָּה n.f. glowing stone (or coal) (WeIsr. u. Jüd. Gesch.(3) 83);—ר׳ abs. Is 6:6; pl. עֻגַת רְצָפִים 1 K 19:6 (cf. Syriac supr.).