Dryness and Drought

† I. [חָרֵב] vb. be dry, dried up (cf. יָבֵשׁ) (Aramaic חֲרוֹב be dry, חוּרְבָּא drought);— Qal Pf. 3 pl. חָֽרְבוּ Gn 8:13(×2), Is 19:6; Impf. 3 ms. יֶחֱרַב Ho 13:15 + 2 times, וַיֶּחֱרָ֑ב ψ 106:9; Imv. fs. חֳרָ֑בִי Is 44:27;—be dry, dried up: 1. of ground, be freed from waters of flood ח׳ פְּנֵי הָאֲדָמָה Gn 8:13b (J). 2. of waters, be dried up, taken away; of waters of flood Gn 8:13a (P); of Nile וְנָהָר יֶחֱרַב וְיָבֵשׁ Is 19:5 (‖ וְנִשְּׁתוּ־מַיִם מֵהַיָּם), v. same combination Jb 14:11 (‖ אָֽזְלוּ מַיִם מִנִּי־יָם); Is 19:6 (‖ דָּֽלֲלוּ) 44:27 (‖ הוֹבִישׁ); of Red Sea ψ 106:9; fig. of Ephraim’s freshness and vigour Ho 13:15. Pu. Pf. 3 pl. לֹא חֹרָ֑בוּ Ju 16:7, 8, of fresh bow-strings (of gut, v. Bla). Hiph. Pf. הֶחֱרִיב Na 1:4, of י׳’s drying up rivers (‖ וַיַּבְּשֵׁהוּ), perhaps also Is 11:15 (for MT החרים) v. 𝔊 𝔖 𝔙 𝔗; וְהַחֲרַבְתִּ֫י the Euphrates Je 51:36 (‖ הוֹבַשְׁתִּי); Impf. אַחֲרִיב יָם Is 50:2, subj. י׳, I dry up a sea (‖ אָשִׂים נְהָרוֹת מִדְבָּר); אַחְרִב Is 37:25 = אַחֲרִב 2 K 19:24, of king of Assyria drying up rivers of Egypt; Pt. fs. הַמַּחֲרֶבֶת Is 51:10 of י׳’s arm drying up (Red) Sea.

† צִיָּה n.f. dryness, drought;—abs. צ׳ Ho 2:5 +; pl. צִיּוֹת ψ 105:41;—drought Jb 24:19 (‖ חֹם); elsewhere of land (often ‖ מִדְבָּר, עֲרָבָה, etc.): אֶרֶץ צ׳ land of drought, desert Ho 2:5 (sim.), Je 2:6; 50:12 (fig.), 51:43; Is 41:18; 53:2 (in sim.), ψ 107:35; + צָמָא Ez 19:13 (fig.), + שְׁמָמָה Jo 2:20, + עָיֵף ψ 63:2 (fig.); צ׳ = desert Is 35:1; Zp 2:13; Jb 30:3 ψ 78:17; pl. 105:41.

† יַבָּשָׁה n.f. dry land, dry ground (Sab. יבסם, opp. בחרם sea, DHM in MV; Palm. יבשא (dry) land Vog No. 79)—always abs. sg. יַבָּשָׁה; Ex 4:9 (J); of dry ground as path of Isr. through Red Sea Ex 14:16, 22, 29; 15:19 (all P), Ne 9:11 ψ 66:6; through Jordan Jos 4:22 (D); of dry land, opp. sea, at creation Gn 1:9, 10 (P); cf. Jon 1:9; specif. of shore of sea Jon 1:13; 2:11; fig. of needy Israel, to be refreshed by י׳’s spirit Is 44:3 (‖ צָמֵא).

† I. חֹ֫רֶב n.m. Gn 31:40 dryness, drought, heat, abs. ח׳ Gn 31:40 + 11 times + Dt 28:22 (for MT חֶרֶב; v. Di, sq. 𝔙; 𝔊 and 𝔊L om.);— 1. dryness Ju 6:37, 39, 40 (all of absence of dew); Je 50:38 (‖ יָבֵשׁ); so read also Zc 11:17 (for MT חֶרֶב, see v b and StaZAW i. 1881, 29), a drying up upon his arm (i. e. a withering) and upon his right eye. 2. drought Hg 1:11 + Dt 28:22 v. supr. 3. parching heat (of sun) Gn 31:40 (opp. קֶ֫רַח), Je 36:30 (opp. id.); Is 4:6; 25:4, 5(×2) of fever Jb 30:30.

† I. [חָרַר] vb. be hot, scorched, burn, poet. & late (Arabic حَرٌّ be hot, burn, thirst; Ethiopic ሐረረ Aramaic חַר; cf. Assyrian arâru, glow, SASmAsrb. i, p. 97 BelserBAS ii, 155)— Qal Pf. 3 fs. חָ֫רָה Jb 30:30, וְחָ֫רָה consec. Ez 24:11, חָ֫רוּ Is 24:6;— 1. be hot, scorched, Jerus., under fig. of caldron Ez 24:11. 2. burn = be burned, fig. of men, in י׳’s judgment, Is 24:6. 3. burn, of bones of sick men in fever ח׳ מִנִּי־חֹרֶב Jb 30:30. Niph. Pf. 3 ms. נָחָ֑ר Ez 15:4, נִחַר ψ 69:4; 3 pl. נִחָ֑רוּ ψ 102:4 (Köi. 368); Impf. וַיֵּחָ֑ר Ez 15:5 יֵח֑רוּ Ez 24:10 (del. Co B al.) 1. be scorched, of bellows מַפֻּחַ in fierce fire Je 6:29 (fig.); scorched, charred, of the vine (as fuel) Ez 15:4, 5 middle part charred, the ends devoured (אכל) by fire (sim. of inhab. of Jerus.); bones (sim. id.) Ez 24:10 (v. supr.). 2. burn, of bones in fever ψ 102:4 (כְּמוֹקֵד, cf. Qal Jb 30:30); be parched, of throat נח׳ גרוני 69:4.—Is 41:11; 45:24 Ct 1:6 v. חָרָה" dir="rtl" >חרה. Niph. 1. נָחַר Je 6:29 from √ נחר snort, puff, according to Mich Ew Gf Gie al.,—not Du. Pilp. Inf. לְחַרְחַר־רִיב Pr 26:21 to kindle strife.

† II. יָבֵשׁ adj.verb. or pt. dry, dried, so, ms. abs. Na 1:10 + 4 times; fs. יְבֵשָׁה Nu 11:6; mpl. (וִ)יבֵשִׁים Nu 6:3; fpl. יְבֵשׁוֹת Ez 37:2, 4;— 1. dried, lit. only עֲנָבִים יְבֵשִׁים Nu 6:3 dried grapes (P; opp. ע׳ לַחִים); fig. נַפְשֵׁנוּ יְבֵשָׁה 11:6 (JE) our soul (i.e. our appetite) is dried up, viz. for want of fresh, juicy meat. 2. dry, of chaff, קַשׁ Na 1:10 in sim. of Ninevites under impending judgment; cf. in fig. of Job, Jb 13:25; of tree Ez 17:24 (fig. of Davidic house; opp. עֵץ לָ֑ה), 21:3 (in prediction of Judah’s devastation by Babylon, opp. id.); Is 56:3 fig. of eunuch; of the bones in Ezek.’s vision Ez 37:2, 4.

ξηρός, ά, όν, dry, opposed to ὑγρός, of a dried-up river, Refs 5th c.BC+; μέτρα ξ. τε καὶ ὑγρά dry and liquid measures, Refs 5th c.BC+; ξ. γάλα, i.e. ripe cheese, Refs; so τυρὸς ξ., opposed to τυρὸς χλωρός, Refs 4th c.BC+; ἐν ξηροῖσιν ἐκτρέφειν on solid food, i.e. cereals, Refs 5th c.BC+; καρπὸς ξ., i.e. cereal, opposed to κ. ξύλινος, produce of trees, i. e. fruit, wine, or oil, Refs 5th c.BC+hay, Refs 3rd c.BC+; φοῖνιξ ξ. dried dates, Refs 2nd c.AD+; ξ. καρποί, opposed to οἶνος, ἔλαιον, Refs 2nd c.AD+; ξ. πυρίαι applications of dry heat, Refs 5th c.BC+; compare ξηροπυρία. adverb ξηρῶς by the use of dry powder, Refs 5th c.BC+ __2 of bodily condition, withered, lean, δέμας Refs 5th c.BC+costive, Refs 5th c.BC+ __3 of the voice, compare ξηρόφωνος. __II fasting: hence, generally, austere, τρόποι Refs 5th c.BC+; of persons, Refs 4th c.BC+; harsh, opposed to ἡδύς, Refs 5th c.BC+ __II.2 metaphorically, of style, πραγματεία ἀτερπὴς καὶ ξ. Refs 4th c.BC+aridity, Refs 4th c.BC+; of critics, ξηροὶ Καλλιμάχου πρόκυνες Refs 1st c.AD+ __III as substantive ἡ ξηρά (i.e. γῆ), dry land, opposed to ὑγρά, NT+5th c.BC+; ναῦς ἐπὶ τοῦ ξηροῦ ποιεῖν to leave the ships aground, Refs 5th c.BC+; τὸ ξ. τοῦ ποταμοῦ the part of its bed left dry, Refs 5th c.BC+ __III.2 ξηρά, ἡ, in a bath-house, room for dry heat, Refs 2nd c.AD+

† חָֽרָבָה n.f. dry ground;—abs. ח׳ Gn 7:22 + 7 times; opp. הַיָּם Ex 14:21 (J). Hg 2:6; cf. Gn 7:22 (J); opp. water of Jordan Jos 3:17(×2) (J), 4:18 (E), 2 K 2:8; of Nile-arms וְנָתַתִּ֫י יְאֹרִים ח׳ Ez 30:12.

† מְלֵחָה n.f. saltness, barrenness;—Jb 39:6 (‖ עֲרָבָה) as dwelling-place of wild ass, salt-plain; אֶרֶץ מְלֵחָה Je 17:6 (‖ לֹא תֵשֵׁב); ψ 107:34 (opp. אֶרֶץ פְּרִי).

† I. [חָרֵב] adj. dry, only fs. חֲרֵבָה Lv 7:10 of meal-offering not moistened (with oil; P); פַּת־חֲרֵבָה Pr 17:1 a dry morsel.

† יַבֶּ֫שֶׁת n.f. id., made by God’s hands ψ 95:5; water shall become blood בַּיַּבָּ֑שֶׁת Ex 4:9 (J).

† צָיוֹן n.[m.] dryness, parched ground (on format. v. LagBN 204);—כְּחֹרֶב בְּצ׳ Is 25:5, בְּצ׳ 32:2 (‖ אֶרֶץ עֲיֵפָה; both in sim.).

† צְחִיחָה n.f. scorched land;—צ׳ ψ 68:7.

† [צַחְצָחָה] n.[f.] scorched region;—pl. צַחְצָחוֹת Is 58:11.

† [תַּלְאֻבָה] n.f. drought;—only pl. intens., בַּמִּדְבָּר בְּאֶרֶץ תַּלְאֻבוֹת Ho 13:5.