Earthquake Shaking

† [רָעַשׁ] vb. quake, shake, intr. (NH = BH, so Aramaic ܪܥܰܫ (rare), and (once) רְעַשׁ toss, rage (of sea); Arabic رَعَسَ, usually رَعِشَ, رَعَشَ (loan-word?), tremble, quiver, quake; cf. perhaps Assyrian rêšu exult);— Qal Pf. 3 fs. רָֽעֲשָׁה Je 8:16; 49:21, רָעָ֑שָׁה Ju 5:4 ψ 68:9; 3 pl. רָעֲשׁוּ Jo 2:10 +, etc. Impf. 3 ms. יִרְעַשׁ ψ 72:16, 3 fpl. תִּרְעַשְׁנָה Ez 26:10, etc.; Pt. pl. רֹעֲשִׁים Je 4:24;—quake, shake, of earth Ju 5:4 = ψ 68:9, 2 S 22:8 (‖ רגז = ψ 18:8 (‖ id.), ψ 77:19 (+ רגז), also Is 13:13 (c. עַל־כֵּן, + מִמְּקוֹמוֹ, pregn.; ‖ רָגַז), Je 51:29; c. מִן caus. Je 8:16; 10:10; 49:21; of מוֹסְדֵי אָ֑רֶץ Is 24:18; of heavens Jo 2:10 (לִפְנֵי caus.; ‖ רָגַז); heavens and earth 4:16; mts. Je 4:24 Na 1:5 (מִן pers. caus.), ψ 46:4 (ב caus.); walls Ez 26:10 (מִן caus.); אִיִּים v 15 (id.); מִגְרשׁוֹת 27:28 (ל caus.); הַסִּפִּים Am 9:1; all living things Ez 38:20 (מִפָּנַי caus.); of waving grain ψ 72:16. Niph. נִרְעֲשָׁה הָאָרֶץ Je 50:46 is made to quake (מִקּוֹל). Hiph. Pf. 2 ms. הִרְעַשְׁתָּה ψ 60:4; 1 s. הִרְעַשְׁתִּי 31:16; וְהִר׳ consec. Hg 2:7; Impf. 2 ms. sf. 3 ms. (הֲ)תַרְעִישֶׁנּוּ Jb 39:20; Pt. מַרְעִישׁ Is 14:16 + 2 times;— 1. cause to quake, subj. י׳, c. acc. of heavens, earth, nations, etc., Hg 2:6, 7, 21, cf. ψ 60:4; nations + מִקּוֹל Ez 31:16; subj. man, c. acc. of kingdoms Is 14:16 (‖ מַרְגִּיז). 2. cause (horse) to spring, leap (like locust), man subj., Jb 39:20.

† רַ֫עַשׁ n.m. Je 10:22 quaking, shaking;—ר׳ abs. 1 K 19:11 +, cstr. Na 3:2; Jb 41:21;— 1. specif. earthquake, Am 1:1; Zc 14:5; 1 K 19:11(×2), 12; fig. of י׳’s judgment Is 29:6; Ez 38:19; cf. (in vision) קוֹל ר׳ גָּדוֹל 3:12, 13; prob. also 37:7 (𝔊 Thes Co Krae; > rustling, rattling, Hi-Sm Toy); hence hyperbol. of shaking of earth by tramping of warriors Is 9:4, by war-chariots Je 47:3, cf. 10:22, or wheels Na 3:2, by war-horse(ʾs hoofs) Jb 39:24. *(רֹנֶז+) 2. quaking, trembling, of pers. Ez 12:18. 3. shaking, quivering, of dart Jb 41:21 (al. rushing sound).

σεισμ-ός, ὁ, (σείω) shaking, shock, γῆς σ. earthquake, Refs 5th c.BC+ __2 generally, shock, agitation, commotion, σ. τοῦ σώματος Refs 5th c.BC+; ἔξωθεν.. προσφέρειν τοῖς.. πάθεσι σεισμόν a shock, NT+2nd c.AD+ __3 blackmail, extortion, Refs 2nd c.BC+; συκοφάντεια καὶ σ. Refs 2nd c.BC+

† [גָּעַשׁ] vb. shake, quake (NH id.)— Qal Impf. וַתִּגְעַשׁ ψ 18:8a = 2 S 22:8a Kt (Qr Hithp.);—quake of earth at theoph, ψ 18:8 = 2 S 22:8 (read Kt; ‖ רעשׁ). Pu. Impf. be shaken up, convulsed יְגֹעֲשׁוּ־עָם Jb 34:20 a people are convulsed. Hithp. shake back and forth, toss or reel to and fro וַיִּתְגָּעַשׁ Qr 2 S 22:8a (Qal); יִתְגָּֽעֲשׁוּ Je 46:7, וַיִּתְגָּֽעֲשׁוּ ψ 18:8b + 2 times;—of mountains ψ 18:8b = 2 S 22:8b; of waves of sea, Je 5:22; of waters of Nile Je 46:7 (cf. v 8). Hithpo. Pf. וְהִתְגֹּעֲשׁוּ consec. Je 25:16; Impf. יִתְגֹּעֲשׁוּ Je 46:8; id. of waters of Nile Je 46:8; of drunken men, reel to and fro, Je 25:16 (fig. of nations confounded by י׳).

† [חָרַג] vb. quake (cf. (si vera l.) Arabic حَرِجَ be straitened, unable to move for fear and rage (Lane), also put oneself in a rage (Dozy); 𝔗 חַרְגַת מוֹתָא Dt 32:25 terror of death)—only Qal Impf. 3 mpl. וְיַחְרְגוּ מִמִּסְגְּרוֹתֵיהֶם ψ 18:46 pregn. and come quaking out of their fortresses (cf. יִרְגְּזוּ in like connex. Mi 7:17); read the same also in ‖ 2 S 22:46 (for MT וְיַחְגְרוּ, v. חגר; possible would be also ויחרדו in both, as Ho 11:10, 11 etc.)