Shining and Illuminating

[אוֹר43] vb. be or become light (cf. Arabic أَوَّرَ enkindle, Aramaic (Nasar.) ܐܘܪ Aph. illumine, & deriv. in Assyrian)— Qal Pf. אוֹר Gn 44:3 +; אֹ֫רוּ 1 S 14:29; Impf. 3 fpl. וַתָּאֹרְנָה 1 S 14:27 Qr; Pt. אוֹר Pr 4:18 (Ges§ 72 R. 1); Imv. fs. א֫וֹרִי Is 60:1;—become light, shine of sun (especially in early morn.) Gn 44:3 (J) 1 S 29:10 Pr 4:18 Is 60:1; of eyes (owing to refreshment) 1 S 14:27(Qr) 29. Niph. Impf. וַיֵּאֹר 2 S 2:32; Inf. c. לֵאוֹר Jb 33:30; Pt. נָאוֹר ψ 76:5—become lighted up of day-break 2 S 2:32; by light of life, revival Jb 33:30; by light of glory, enveloped in light ψ 76:5. Hiph. Pf. וְהֵאִיר Ex 25:37, etc.; Impf. יָאִיר Jb 41:24 +; יָאֵר Nu 6:25 +; וַיָּ֫אֶר ψ 118:27 +, etc.; Imv. הָאֵר ψ 80:20 +, הָאִ֫ירָה ψ 31:17 +; Inf. הָאִיר Gn 1:15 +; Pt. מֵאִיר Pr 29:13; מְאִירַת ψ 19:9; מְאִירוֹת Is 27:11— 1. give light, of sun, moon & stars Gn 1:15, 17 (P), of moon Is 60:19; of pillar of fire (sq. ל) Ex 13:21; 14:20 (both JE) ψ 105:39 Ne 9:12, 19; of sacred lamp Ex 25:37 Nu 8:2 (both P); fig. of the words of God ψ 119:130. 2. lightup, cause to shine, shine, sq. acc. הֵאִירוּ בְרָקִים תֵּבֵל lightnings lighted up the world ψ 77:19; 97:4; abs. הָאָרֶץ הֵאִירָה מִכְּבֹדוֹ Ez 43:2; the earth shined with his glory (of theophany); of leviathan, which makes path shine behind him Jb 41:24; לַיְלָה כַּיּוֹם יָאִיר night shineth as day ψ 139:12. 3. light a lamp ψ 18:29; wood Is 27:11; altar(-fire) Mal 1:10. 4. lighten, of the eyes, הָאִיר עֵינַיִם, subj. י׳, his law, etc. Pr 29:13 ψ 13:4; 19:9 Ezr 9:8. 5. make shine, of face of God יָאֵר י׳ פָּנָיו אֵלֶיךָ Yahweh make his face shine upon thee Nu 6:25 (priest’s blessing), reappearing ψ 31:17 (sq. עַל־), 67:2 (sq. אֶת־), 80:4, 8, 20; 119:135 (sq. ב), Dn 9:17 cf. ψ 4:7; without פָּנִים (sq. ל) ψ 118:27; once, of face of man, Ec 8:1 חָכַמַת אָדָם תָּאִיר פָּנָיו the wisdom of a man lighteth up his face.

† [יָפַע] vb. only Hiph. shine out or forth, send out beams, cause to shine (NH id., in fig. senses; 𝔗 יְפַע; Assyrian Shaph. šûpu, shine, cause to shine, glorify, Lotz TP Col. vii 93 ZimBP 97, 105 SAS Asrb. ii. 18; cf. Arabic وَفْعٌ aedificium elatum; kindred seem to be يَفَعَ ascendit montem, adultus fuit; Sab. יפע raise, heighten Os ZMG 1865, 210 f., יפע name of a temple DHM ZMG 1883, 350)— Hiph. Pf. הוֹפִיעַ Dt 33:2 ψ 50:2; וְהוֹפִיעַ consec. Jb 37:15; 2 ms. הוֹפָ֑עְתָּ 10:3; Impf. 3 fs. תּוֹפַע 3:4; וַתּ֫וֹפַע 10:22; Imv. הוֹפִיעַ ψ 94:1; הוֹפִ֫יעָה 80:2;— 1. shine out, forth, display beams: of י׳ Dt 33:2 ψ 50:2; 80:2; 94:1 Jb 10:3 (sq. עַל); subj. נְהָרָה light Jb 3:4; 10:22 וַתֹּפַע כְּמוֹ אֹפֶל (of She’ôl). 2. cause to shine וְהוֹפִיעַ אוֹר עֲנָנוֹ Jb 37:15, subj. י׳.

λάμπω, Refs 8th c.BC+; Ionic dialectIterat. λάμπεσκεν Refs 5th c.BC+: future -ψω Refs 5th c.BC+: aorist ἔλαμψα Refs 5th c.BC+perfect λέλαμπα (in present sense) Refs 5th c.BC+:—middle, Refsimperfect ἐλαμπόμην, Epic dialect λαμπ-, Refs 8th c.BC+: future λάμψομαι (ἐλλ-) Refs 5th c.BC+:—passive, future λαμφθήσομαι (ἐλλ-) Refs 3rd c.AD+: aorist ἐλάμφθην Refs 1st c.AD+ (περι-): from these late forms of passive must be distinguished the similar Ionic dialect forms of λαμβάνω:—give light, shine, of the gleam of arms, τῆλε δὲ χαλκὸς λάμφ᾽ ὥς τε στεροπή Refs 8th c.BC+; λάμπε δὲ χαλκῷ, of Hector,Refs 5th c.BC+; of the eyes, ὀφθαλμὼ δ᾽ ἄρα οἱ πυρὶ λάμπετον Refs 8th c.BC+; of the sun, Refs 6th c.BC+; of fire, Refs 8th c.BC+:—middle, κόρυθος -ομένης Refs 8th c.BC+; of a person, - όμενος πυρί Refs 8th c.BC+ __2 of sound, ring loud and clear, παιὰν δὲ λάμπει Refs 5th c.BC+ __3 metaphorically, shine forth, be famous or conspicuous, λάμπει κλέος Refs 5th c.BC+ __3.b Astrology texts, of a planet, occupy a favourable position, Refs 2nd c.AD+ __4 of persons, φαιδρὸς λάμποντι μετώπῳ with beaming face, Refs 5th c.BC+; shine, gain glory, οὐδ᾽ εἰ Κλέων γ᾽ ἔλαμψε Refs 3rd c.BC+ __II transitive, cause to shine, illumine, δόλιον ἀκταῖς ἀστέρα λάμψας Refs 5th c.BC+—Found chiefly in poetry and Comedy texts, though the present and imperfect occur in Refs 5th c.BC+, and late Prose, and the aorist in Refs 5th c.BC+

† נָגַהּ vb. shine (Assyrian nagû, shine, beam, be joyful, DlHWB 446; Ethiopic ነግሀ: Aramaic ܢܓܰܗ; NH 𝔗 נוֹגְהָא planet Venus)— Qal Pf. ועל־דרכיך נ׳ אוֹר Jb 22:28; אור נ׳ עליהם Is 9:1; Impf. ולא־יִגַּהּ שְׁבִיב אִשּׁוֹ Jb 18:5. Hiph. Impf. 1. enlighten ויהוה יַגִּיהַּ חָשְׁכִּי 2 S 22:29 = יהוה אלהי יַגִּהַּ חשׁכי ψ 18:29. 2. cause to shine (of moon) וְיָרֵחַ לא־יַגִּיהַּ אוֹרוֹ׃ Is 13:10 (‖ חָשַׁך).

† קָרַן vb. Qal denom. of קֶרֶן 5, send out rays;—Pf. 3 ms. קָרַן עוֹר פָּנָיו Ex 34:29, 30, 35 (P). Hiph.denom. of קֶרֶן 1 a, display (grow) horns (be fully developed), Pt. פָּר מַקְרִן מַפְרִים ψ 69:32.

διαυγ-άζω, glance, shine through, τῷ σχισμῷ NT+2nd c.BC+; to be transparent, Mnesith. cited in Refs 4th c.AD+ __II ={φωτίζω}, Refs 5th c.AD+: and so metaphorically, διαυγασθείς being enlightened, perceiving the truth, Refs 1st c.AD+ __III Astrology texts, influence by its rays (= ἐπιθεωρέω), Refs 1st c.AD+ __IV passive, to be glazed, of pottery, probably in Refs 1st c.BC+

αὐγάζω, future -άσω: aorist ηὔγᾰσαRefs 1st c.AD+:—passive, see below: (αὐγή):—view in the clearest light, see distinctly, discern, Refs 5th c.BC+:—also in middle, Refs 8th c.BC+ — passive, αὐγασθεῖσα being mirrored in the smooth water, uncertain in Refs 5th c.BC+; simply, appear, Refs 1st c.BC+ __II of the sun, illumine, τινάRefs 5th c.BC+:—passive, Refs __II.2 metaphorically, enlighten, NT; set in a clear light, Refs 1st c.AD+ __III intransitive, appear bright or white, LXX; shine, Refs

ἐκλάμπ-ω, shine or beam forth, Refs 5th c.BC+; of persons, Refs 1st c.AD+; burst forth violently, of a fever, Refs 5th c.BC+; of sound, to be clearly heard, [ἐκ τῆς κραυγῆς] ἐξέλαμψε τὸ καλεῖν τὸν βασιλέα Refs 2nd c.BC+ __2 to be distinguished, δι᾽ εὐφυΐαν Refs 1st c.AD+ __II with accusative cognate, flash forth, πυρωπὸν γλῆνος ἐκλάμψαν φλόγα Refs 4th c.BC+; σέλας uncertain reading in Refs 6th c.BC+ __III Astrology texts,= διαυγάζω Refs 1st c.AD+

κρυσταλλ-ίζω, to be clear as crystal, NT

† הֵילֵל n.m. appell. shining one, epith. of king of Babylon, אֵיךְ נָפַלְתָּ מִשָּׁמַיִם ה׳ בֶּן־שָׁ֑חַר Is 14:12 how art thou fallen, shining one, son of dawn! i.e. star of the morning. (Cf. Assyrian muštilil epith. of (Venus as) morning-star III R 57:60 OppJAS 1871, 448 SchrSK 1874, 337 COT ad loc.)

† I. [זָהַר] vb. be light, shining (Arabic زَهَرَ, زَهُرَ shine, adj. اَزْهَرُ bright (cf. LagBN 120); Aramaic זְהַר, ܙܗܰܪ; NH in deriv.; v. also sub II. זהר)— Hiph. intrans. (late) send out light, shine, fig. of everlasting glory of teachers of righteousness: וְהַמַּשְׂכִּלִים יַזְהִרוּ כְּזֹהַר הָרָקִיעַ Dn 12:3 and they that make wise shall shine like the shining of the firmament (‖ וּמַצְדִּיקֵי הָרַבִּים כַּכּוֹכָבִים לְעוֹלָם וָעֶד).

† I. [נָצַץ] vb. shine, sparkle (NH נִצְנֵץ; akin to Arabic نَاضَ sparkle, flash, 𝔗 נְעָא);— Qal Pt. וְנֹצְצִים כְּעֵין נְחשֶׁת Ez 1:7 (of cherubim);—PerlesAnal.45 proposes נוֹצִיצָם their plumage (נ׳ ‖ form of נוֹצָה), cf. Ew.

† I. [עָשַׁת] vb. be smooth or shiny (?), si vera l. (cf. עֶשֶׁת);—only Qal Pf. 3 pl. שָֽׁמְנוּ עָֽשְׁתוּ Je 5:28 (fig.) they have grown fat, they are smooth (or shine, from fat); doubtful word, Thes conj. עָֽשְׁרוּ have grown rich (cf. 𝔊 𝔖 𝔗), so Gie (but וַיַּעֲשִׁירוּ precedes, v 27).

† II. [צָהַל] vb. Hiph. make shining (NH id. (rare); ‖ form of צהר, denom. from צהרים);—Inf. cstr. לְהַצְהִיל פָּנִים מִשָּׁ֑מֶן ψ 104:15.