Tumult and Uproar

† שָׁאוֹן n.m. Ho 10:14 roar (of waters, etc.), din, crash, uproar;—abs. שׁ׳ Ho 10:14 +; cstr. שְׁאוֹן Is 13:4 +; sf. שְׁאוֹנָהּ 5:14;— 1. roar of water (waves), Is 17:12 (‖ הָמָה), sim. of noise of invading host, so v 13, but del. Du CheHpt. Marti, as doublet; roar of this host v 12 (‖ הָמוֹן), cf. שְׁאוֹן קוֹלָם Je 51:55; of waves also ψ 65:8(×2); of din or crash of battle Am 2:2 Ho 10:14 ψ 74:23; בְּנֵי שׁ׳ Je 48:45 (i.e. warriors); of battle in which י׳ beats down his foes Je 25:31, cf. Is 66:6; of gathering hosts Is 13:4; שׁ׳ זָרִים 25:5 (Du Marti, plausibly, גְּאוֹן זֵדֵים, as 13:11); read שׁ׳ also prob. (for שַׁאֲנָן, q.v.) 2 K 19:28 = Is 37:29; in mocking appell. of Pharaoh (Necho), Je 46:17 פ׳ (𝔊 𝔖 𝔙) קִרְאוּ שֵׁם call ye the name of Ph. a Crash. 2. uproar of revellers Is 5:14; 24:8.—בּוֹר שׁ׳ ψ 40:3, pit of roaring (of waters? fig., cf. מַעֲמַקֵּי־מַיִם 69:3, where also ‖ יָוֵן); Thes al. of destruction (v. √ 2), but against usage of שָׁאוֹן; > Du proposes בּוֹר שָׁוְא (cf. נָפַת שָׁוְא Is 30:28).

† הָמַם vb. make a noise, move noisily, confuse, discomfit (cf. [הום])— Qal Pf. וְהָמַם consec. Is 28:28; sf. הֲמָמַ֫נִי Je 51:34 Qr (Kt הֲמָמָ֫נוּ), הֲמָמָם 2 Ch 15:16; 1 s. וְהַמֹּתִ֫י Ex 23:27; Impf. וַיָּ֫הָם Ex 14:24 Ju 4:15; sf. וַיְּהֻמֵּם Jos 10:10 1 S 7:10 ψ 18:15 + 2 S 22:15 Kt (doubtless right; Qr וַיָּהֹ֑ם); 2 ms. sf. וּתְהֻמֵּם ψ 144:6; Inf. sf. לְהֻמָּם Dt 2:15 Est 9:24;— 1. move noisily, trans., drive a wagon in threshing ה׳ גִּלְגַּל עֶגְלָתוֹ וּפָרָשָׁיו Is 28:28 (‖ דושׁ). 2. confuse, discomfit, c. acc. Ex 14:24; 23:27 Jos 10:10 Ju 4:15 1 S 7:10 ψ 18:15 = 2 S 22:15 (‖ הפיץ), ψ 144:6 (‖ id.); discomfit, vex, 2 Ch 15:6 c. acc. & בְּכָל־צָרָה of instr.; c. acc. also Dt 2:15 (sq. עַד תֻּמָּם), Est 9:24 (sq. לְאַבְּדָם); prob. also Je 51:34 (‖ אָכַל), cf. הוּם" dir="rtl" >הוּם Dt 7:23.

† מְהוּמָה n.f. tumult, confusion, disquietude, discomfiture—abs. מ׳ Dt 7:23 + 7 times; cstr. מְהוּמַת 1 S 5:11 Ez 22:5; pl. abs. מְהוּמוֹת 2 Ch 15:5, מְהוּמֹת Am 3:9;— 1. tumult, confusion Am 3:9 (‖ עֲשׁוּקִים oppression), disturbance, turmoil (opp. peace) 2 Ch 15:5 (‖ vb. המם v 6), cf. Ez 22:5; disquietude (of mind) Pr 15:16; especially tumult & confusion, panic, as due to divine judgment מְהוּמַת־י׳ Zc 14:13 cf. Ez 7:7; also 1 S 5:9 and מְהוּמַת מָוֶת v 11. 2. discomfiture (due to י׳) in war 1 S 14:20 (cf. v 15, 22); Dt 7:23 (acc. cogn. c. הום q.v.), 28:20 (‖ מְאֵרָה, מִגְעֶרֶת); cf. יוֹם" dir="rtl" >יוֹם מ׳ Is 22:5 (‖ מְבוּסָה, מְבוּכָה) a day of discomfiture & down-treading & confusion.

θόρῠβ-ος, ὁ, noise, especially the confused noise of a crowded assembly, uproar, clamour, Refs 5th c.BC+; θόρυβος βοῆς a confused clamour, Refs 5th c.BC+; less frequently of an individual, Refs 5th c.BC+; of animals, θόρυβον δ᾽ οὐκ ἐφίλησαν ὄνων Refs __2 especially in token of approbation or the contrary, Refs 5th c.BC+ __2.a applause, θ. Ληναΐτης Refs 5th c.BC+ __2.b groans, murmurs, Refs 5th c.BC+; μεγάλοι θόρυβοι κατέχουσ᾽ ἡμᾶς great murmurs are abroad among us, Refs 5th c.BC+ __II tumult, confusion, θ. παρασχεῖν τινι Refs 5th c.BC+; ἐς θ. ἀπικέσθαι, καταστῆναι, Refs 5th c.BC+; κραυγὴ καὶ θ. Refs 4th c.BC+ __II.2 confusion of mind, θορύβους ἐνθυμηματικοὺς καὶ ἀποφθεγματικοὺς παρασκευάζειν Refs 4th c.BC+; ὁ παρὰ κακὰς δόξας θ. Refs 5th c.BC+ __III with infinitive, ἐς θόρυβον ἤλυθον.. λευσθῆναι I ran a risk of being stoned, Refs 5th c.BC+

† רֹ֫גֶז n.m.Jb 3:26 agitation, excitement, raging;—ר׳ abs. Hb 3:2 +, cstr. Jb 37:2; sf. רָגְזֶ֑ךָ Is 14:3;—raging Jb 3:17; disquiet, turmoil Is 14:3 Jb 3:26; 14:1; raging, wrath Hb 3:2; ר׳ קֹלוֹ Jb 37:2 rumbling of his voice (i.e. thunder); of excitement of warhorse, בְּרַעַשׁ וְרֹגֶז 39:24.

ἀκατα-στᾰσία, ἡ, instability, anarchy, confusion, NT+2nd c.BC+ __II unsteadiness, τοῦ σώματοςRefs 3rd c.BC+

τάρᾰχος [τᾰ], ὁ, ={ταραχή}, LXX+5th c.BC+

† הֲמֻלָּה, הֲמוּלָּה n.f. rain - storm (?), rushing or roaring sound (?): קוֹל הֲמוּלָּה גְדֹלָה Je 11:16 sound of a great storm, of wind fanning flames in tree (in fig. of Yahweh’s judgment on Judah); > AVRVDa tumult; קוֹל הֲמֻלָּה כְּקוֹל מַחֲנֶה Ez 1:24 of noise of wings of living creatures in Ezekiel’s vision (del. B Co cf. Hi).

σύγ-χῠσις, εως, ἡ, (συγχέω) mixture, confusion, confounding, ἡ τῶν ἄλλων (variant{ὅλων}) σ. Refs 5th c.BC+; of Babel, LXX+2nd c.BC+; σ. λαβεῖν to be commingled, Refs 1st c.AD+ ς. litterularum, Refs 1st c.BC+; political confusion, σ. τῆς πολιτείαςRefs 2nd c.BC+ __b formation of a compound, Refs 3rd c.BC+ __2 confusion, ruin, βίου, δόμων, Refs 5th c.BC+; σ. θανάτου μεγάλη 'indiscriminate mortality' LXX+4th c.BC+ __3 Grammars, of composition, confusion, indistinctness, Refs 2nd c.AD+; opposed to εὐκρίνεια, Refs 2nd c.AD+ __4 an injury to the eye, syncopated hysis, Refs 1st c.AD+ __II of persons, confusion, Refs 2nd c.AD+; σ. ἔχοντες confounded, Refs 5th c.BC+ __III of contracts and the like, violation, τῶν σπονδῶν Refs 5th c.BC+; τὴν τῶν ὅρκων καὶ σπονδῶν σ. Refs 5th c.BC+ __III.2 confusion, NT+2nd c.BC+

τᾰρᾰχή, also τάρχη Refs 5th c.AD+, ἡ, disorder, physiological disturbance or upheaval, Refs 2nd c.AD+; ἡ ἀπὸ τῆς φλεβοτομίας τ. Refs; especially of the bowels, τῆς κοιλίης Refs 5th c.BC+ __2 of the mind, αἱ φρενῶν ταραχαί Refs 5th c.BC+; ἀνωμαλία καὶ τ. Refs 5th c.BC+; ἐν οἵαις ἦν τ. Refs 4th c.BC+; πολλὴν ἔχει τ. Refs 5th c.BC+; διανοίας ἰσχυρὰ τ. Refs 4th c.BC+ __3 of an army or fleet, Refs 5th c.BC+; ἐν τῇ τ. in the confusion, in the mêlée, Refs 5th c.BC+ __4 political confusion, tumult, and in plural tumults, troubles, πολλὴ τ. περὶ τῶν τιμέων ἐγένετο Refs; ἐν τῇ τ. Refs 5th c.BC+; τ. διαλύειν, κατασβεννύναι, Refs 5th c.BC+; of rebellions or civil wars in Egypt, Refs 2nd c.BC+: = Latin tumultus, Refs 1st c.AD+

† [הָמַן] vb. rage, be turbulent (?denom. from המון Thes, after Rabb.; cf. Ke RV; AV multiply; but very dub.)—only Qal Inf. sf. יַעַן הֲמָנְכֶם מִן־הַגּוֹיִם Ez 5:7 (Sm queries; Ew, after 𝔖 Aq, הִמָּנֵכֶם from מנה); read rather, with Bö Co Da, המרותכם (from מרה) because ye rebelled.

† [רָגַשׁ] vb. be in tumult or commotion (Arabic رَجَسَ make a vehement noise; Biblical Aramaic Aramaic רְגַשׁ, ܪܓܰܫ be disturbed, in tumult (𝔗 Ithp. often for הָמָה, as ψ 46:6, שָׁאָה Is 17:12f.; ܪܓܽܘܫܝܳܐ for הָמו̇ן ibid.); but Syriac usually perceive, so NH Hiph., but Hithp. fall stormily upon);— Qal. Pf. 3 pl. ψ 2:1 רָֽגְשׁוּ why do the nations throng tumultuously?

† [תְּשֻׁאָה] n.f. noise (proposes of devastation, storm);—MT only pl. תְּשֻׁאוֹת abs. city noises Is 22:2 (of עִיר הוֹמִיָּה), adv. acc. = (with) shoutings Zc 4:7; so cstr. ת׳ נוֹגֵשׂ לֹא יִשְׁמָ֑ע Jb 39:7 (subj. wild ass); ת׳ סֻכָּתוֹ 36:29 (of thunder); read perhaps sg. תְּשֻׁוָה (= תְּשֻׁאָה) Jb 30:22 Kt, dissolvest me in (or, into) the roar of the storm (‖ make me ride on wind), so Ew Ol De Di Du Bu al.; > תֻּשִׁיָּה Qr AV my substance (?), Du מִתֻּשׁ׳ ‘ohne Halt’ (?).

† תְּאֻנִים n.[m.] toil Ez 24:12 תּ׳ הֶלְאָת she hath wearied (me or herself) with toil (but Co del. as dittogr. cf. 𝔊).