Thunder Theophanic

קוֹל (sometimes, c. pref. et suff., קֹל)506 n.m. Gn 39:14 sound, voice;—abs. קוֹל Gn 4:10 + (הַקֹּל 27:22; 45:16); cstr. קוֹל 3:8 + (וְקֹל Ex 19:16, לְקֹל 4:8(×2)); sf. קוֹלִי 1 S 26:17 +, קוֹלְךָ Ju 18:25 +, etc. (קֹלִי Gn 22:18, קֹלֶ֑ךָ Ex 3:18, etc.); pl. (usually of thunder) קֹלֹת Ex 9:23 + 4 times, קוֹלֹת 20:18 (Gi v 15), קֹלוֹת 1 S 2:17 + 5 times;— 1. sound: especially a. of human voice Jos 6:10; 2 K 7:10; in speech Gn 27:22(×2) 1 S 1:13; 24:17; 26:17(×2); recognized (הִכִּיר) v 17 Je 18:3; יְפֵה ק׳ Ez 33:32 pleasant of voice, cf. Ct 2:14(×2); 8:13; in singing Ex 32:18; 2 S 19:36; Is 52:8, calling Ju 9:7, shouting Ex 32:17; 1 S 4:6(×2) 1 K 1:40; Ezr 3:13; rejoicing Je 7:34(×4) = 16:9; 25:10; 33:11; praise ψ 66:8; 26:7; Jo 2:10; laughter Je 30:19; weeping Gn 21:16; Ju 2:4; 1 S 11:4; Ru 1:9, 14; Ezr 3:13; outcry Gn 39:15, 18; 1 S 4:14; Je 8:19, distress, lament Je 9:18; Ez 27:30; Zc 11:3 ψ 102:6, supplication ψ 28:2, 6; 31:23; 86:6; adv. ק׳ אֶחָד with one voice Ex 24:3; 2 Ch 5:13, ק׳ גָּדוֹל loud voice 2 S 15:23 + (cf. בְּק׳ ג׳ Gn 39:14; 1 S 28:12 +), ק׳ רָם †Dt 27:14; נָשָׂא ק׳ Gn 21:16 + (v. נָשָׂא 1 b (5)), הֵרִים ק׳ 39:15 + (v. רום Hiph.); on ק׳ as independ. nom., sq. subj. + vb. of calling ψ 3:5; 27:7; 142:2 v. Ges§ 144 m. b. of י׳ Gn 3:8; 10; Is 6:8; Ex 19:19; 1 K 19:13; Mi 6:9; Ez 10:5 (cf. also 2 b) +; adv. ק׳ גָּדוֹל Dt 5:19; Ez 9:1; ק׳ דְּמָמָה דַקָּה 1 K 19:12. c. of seraph Is 6:4. d. of angel Dn 8:16 (ק׳ אָדָם) i.e. in human speech, cf. Bev); ק׳ דְּבָרָיו 10:6, 9(×2). e. of animals: bleating of sheep 1 S 15:14; lowing of cattle v 14 Je 9:9, neighing of horses 8:16, roaring of lion Am 3:4 Je 2:15 +, hissing of serpent 46:22 (in sim.), singing of birds Na 2:8; Zp 2:14; ψ 104:12; Ct 2:12; Ec 12:4. f. exclamation, at beginning of cl., a sound of …! = hark! Gn 4:10; Is 13:4; 40:3; 52:8; Je 4:15; 10:22; 50:28; Ct 2:8; 5:2 (Ges§ 146 b). 2. sound: a. of instrument, especially ק׳ (הַ)שֹּׁפָר Ex 9:16; 20:18 (Gi v 15) Am 2:2; 1 K 1:41 +, חֲצֹצְרוֹת וגו׳ 2 Ch 5:13; כִּנּוֹר Ez 26:13; עוּגָב Jb 21:12; of פַּעֲמֹנִים on high priest’s robe Ex 28:35. b. thunder-clap or peal (cf. Dr 1 S 12:17), קוֹל י׳ (or קוֹלוֹ) Am 1:2 Is 30:30; 31 Je 10:13 = 51:16, Jo 2:11; 4:16 ψ 18:14 = 2 S 22:14, ψ 29:3–5, 7–9; 46:7 Jb 37:4 (cf. 1 S 7:10 ψ 77:18, 19; 104:7), so especially pl. abs. (v. supr.) †Ex 9:23, 28, 29, 33, 34; 19:16; 20:18 (Gi v 15), 1 S 7:10; 12:17, 18 Jb 28:26 = 38:25. c. קוֹל רַגְלֶיהָ 1 K 14:6 cf. 2 K 6:32, and (prob.) Gn 3:8; also ק׳ (הַ)צְּעָדָה 2 S 5:24 = 1 Ch 14:15; of runners 2 K 11:13; 2 Ch 23:12. d. stamping of hoofs Je 47:3; Ez 26:10 (+ chariots, etc.), cf. 1 K 1:41. e. of chariots Na 3:2; Jo 2:5; wheels Ez 3:13; whip Na 3:2. f. of sea, and great waters Hb 3:10; Ez 1:24; 43:2 ψ 93:3, 4, cf. Je 50:42 (in sim.); ק׳ צִנּוֹרֶיךָ ψ 42:8. g. earthquake Ez 37:7. h. a fall Je 49:21; Ez 26:15; 31:16. i. of a multitude 1 S 4:14; Is 13:4; Ez 23:42. j. din of war Ex 32:17; Je 50:22, 46; 51:55; La 2:7. k. of wings Ez 1:24; 3:13; 10:5. l. flame Jo 2:5; crackling of thorns Ec 7:6; rustling of leaves Lv 26:36. m. mill-stones Je 25:10; Ec 12:4. 3. of articulate speech, things said: a. (1) often of human advice, command, entreaty Gn 3:17; 4:23 Ex 3:18; 4:1, 9 Dt 1:45; 21:18(×2), 20 1 S 2:25; 8:7, 9 2 S 12:18; ק׳ דִּבְרֵיכֶם Dt 1:34; 5:25; even of written words 2 K 10:6; so also ק׳ הָאֹת Ex 4:8(×2) voice (teaching) of the sign. (2) of a report Gn 45:16; Ec 10:20. (3) of a proclamation Ex 36:6 (P); 2 Ch 24:9; 30:5; 36:22 = Ezr 1:1, Ezr 10:7; Ne 8:15. (4) ק׳ אָלָה Lv 5:1 utterance of adjuration. b. often (especially Dt Je) of words of י׳ Gn 22:18; 26:5 Ex 5:2; 15:26; 19:5 Dt 8:20; 9:23; 13:5, 19 +, Ju 2:2, 20; 6:10 1 S 12:14, 15; 15:1, 19, 20, 22 Je 3:13, 25; 7:23 +; of מַלְאַךְ י׳ Ex 23:21, 22.—קֹל Je 3:9 v. sub קָלַל" dir="rtl" >קלל.

† [רָעַם] vb.denom. thunder;— Qal make the sound of thunder, thunder: Impf. 3 ms. יִרְעַם let the sea thunder (in praise, ‖ שׂמח, גיל, עלז, הריע, מחא כף, רנן) ψ 96:11 = 1 Ch 16:32, ψ 98:7.—Pf. 3 pl. רָֽעֲמוּ פָּנִים Ez 27:35 is dub.: faces tremble (Toy are convulsed), or they tremble (cf. Hi-Sm Krae; AV RV are troubled) in face, lacks etym. support (otherwise Gerber47, but v. √ supr.); 𝔊 𝔖 Co דָּֽמְעוּ פְּנֵיהֶם. Hiph. (Gerber47) thunder, cause thunder;—Pf. 3 ms. הִרְעִים ψ 29:3; Impf. 3 ms. יַרְעֵם (on—ֵ v. Köi, 210) ψ 18:14 +; וַיַּרְעֵם 1 S 7:10; 2 ms. תַּרְעֵם Jb 40:9; 1 S 1:6 v. infr.;—thunder, of י׳ (God) 2:10; 7:10 (both c. עַל pers. against whom), ψ 18:14 = 2 S 22:14, ψ 29:3 Jb 37:4, 5, cf. 40:9.—הְרְּעִמָהּ 1 S 1:6 is appar. Inf. cstr. sf. (Ges§ 20 h; 22 s), but not understood by 𝔊 and dub.: AV RV to make her fret, cf. Aramaic utter (loud) complaints (Weir in DrSm 291); perhaps corrupt HPS.

βροντ-ή, ἡ, thunder, Διὸς μεγάλοιο κεραυνὸν δεινήν τε β. Refs 8th c.BC+; ἀστραπὴ καὶ β. Refs 5th c.BC+; β. δ᾽ ἐρράγη δι᾽ ἀστραπῆς Refs 5th c.BC+; χθόνιαι β. Refs 5th c.BC+ __II the state of one struck with thunder, astonishment, ἐπεάν σφι θεὸς ἐμβάλῃ β. Refs 5th c.BC+ (βρομτᾱ, compare βρέμω.)

† רַ֫עַם n.[m.] thunder;—ascribed to י׳: ר׳ abs. Is 29:6, בְּסֵתֶר רַ֑עַם ψ 81:8 (Baer Gi; i. e. thunder-cloud); sf. קוֹל רַעַמְךָ 77:19; 104:7; cstr. רַעַם גבורתו Jb 26:14 (fig. of י׳’s display of might; opp. שֵׁמֶץ); fig. of captins, ר׳ שָׂרִים 39:25, i.e. thunderous shouting (+ תְּרוּעָה).

† I. רַעְמָה (GiIntr. 127 f.) n.f. vibration? quivering mane? of horse’s neck: Jb 39:19 hast thou clothed his neck (with) ר׳? so most, but very uncertain.