RELIGIOUS_LIFE

כֹּהֵן750 n.m. priest (NH כֹּהֵן; Aramaic כָּהֵין, כַּהֲנָא ܟܳܗܶܢ, ܟܳܗܢܳܐ; Ethiopic ካህን, all id.; on Ph. and Arabic v. supr.);—כ׳ Gn 14:18 + 439 times; pl. כֹּהֲנִים Ex 19:6 + 272 times; cstr. כֹּהֲנֵי 1 S 5:5 + 13 times; sf. כֹּהֲנַי La 1:19 + 22 times; sfs.— †1. priest-king: e.g. Melchizedek Gn 14:18 (E?), cf. ψ 110:4 (the Messianic priest-King like Melchizedek); Zc 6:13 (Messianic priest and king); Israel מַמְלֶכֶת כֹּהֲנִים Ex 19:6 (E) a kingdom of priests (priests and kings at once in their relation to the nations); cf. Is 61:6 (of Israel ministering as a priest); or a chieftain (exercising priestly functions) כֹּהֵן מִדְיָן Ex 2:16; 3:1; 18:1 (all JE); so also probably the sons of David 2 S 8:18, his grandson 1 K 4:5; and Ira the Jairite 2 S 20:26, who as princes performed priestly functions. With these we may class the כהנים Ex 19:22, 24 (J). †2. priests of other religions than י׳’s: Potiphera כ׳ אֹן Gn 41:45, 50 (E), 46:20 (P); Egyptian כהנים Gn 47:22(×2), 26 (J); כ׳ דָגוֹן 1 S 5:5; Philistine כהנים וקסמים 1 S 6:2; כֹּהֲנָיו his priests: e.g. of Baal 2 K 10:19 = of Ahab 2 K 10:11; of Chemosh Je 48:7; of Malcam Je 49:3; Mattan was כ׳ הבעל 2 K 11:18 = 2 Ch 23:17; הכמרים עם הכהנים Zp 1:4; Josiah burned the bones of the priests of the Baalim and Asherim 2 Ch 34:5. †3. priests of special orders in Israel: a. Micah in the hill-country of Ephraim consecrated his own son וַיְהִי־לוֹ לְכֹהֵן Ju 17:5; but so soon as he could secure Jonathan ben Gershom, a descendant of Moses (see VB Ju 18:30), he consecrated him, היה ל׳ לכהן Ju 17:10, 12, 13; 18:4, 19; הַכֹּהֵן v 6, 17, 18, 20, 24, 27. He was captured by the Danites, and he and his line became priests at Dan until the Exile, v 19(×2), 30. b. Jeroboam עשׂה כהנים 1 K 12:31 of those not מבני לוי, as כ׳ (הַ)בָּמוֹת priests of (the) high places 1 K 12:32; 13:2, 33(×2) = כ׳ לבמות 2 Ch 11:15; Amaziah (of this class) was כ׳ בית־אל Am 7:10; v. also 2 Ch 13:9; called by Chr כ׳ לְלֹא אלהים v 9; yet Hosea rebukes them as priests of י׳ Ho 4:4, 9; 5:1; 6:9; at the Exile they were deported by the Assyrians 2 K 17:27, 28. c. the people imported into Samaria made some of themselves כ׳ במות to worship י׳ the God of the land 2 K 17:32. †4. priests in Israel הכהנים who bore the ark and the trumpets Jos 3:13, 14, 15, 17; 4:3, 9, 10, 17, 18(×2); 6:4(×2), 6(×2), 8, 9, 12, 13, 16 (all JE), 1 K 8:3, 6, 10, 11; Eli was הכהן 1 S 1:9; 2:11; כ׳ יהוה 14:3; and his sons כ׳ ליהוה 1 S 1:3; a מִשְׁפַּט הַכֹּהֲנִים 1 S 2:13 mentions the ministering priest הכהן and the נַעַר הַכּ׳ 1 S 2:13, 14, 15(×2), Ahijah was הַכּ׳ in time of Saul 1 S 14:19(×2); 36; Abimelech הַכּ׳ at Nob, a priestly centre, 1 S 21:2, 3, 5, 6, 7, 10; 22:11; where were many כֹּהֲנֵי י׳ 1 S 22:17(×2), 21, all slain by Saul except Abiathar son of Ahimelech 1 S 22:11, 18(×2), 19, who became הַכּ׳ 1 S 23:9; 30:7 1 K 1:7, 19, 25, 42; 2:22, 26; Zadok later was הַכּ׳ 2 S 15:27 1 K 1:8, 26, 32, 34, 38, 39, 44, 45; 2:35; 3:2 1 Ch 16:39; 24:6: so that the two were (ה)כהנים 2 S 8:17 = 1 Ch 18:16 (read וְאֶבְיָתָר בֶּן־אח׳ 2 S 8:17 𝔖 We Dr, and correct 1 Ch 18:16 accordingly) 2 S 15:35(×2); 17:15; 19:12; 20:25 1 K 4:4; Sol. removed Abiathar 1 K 2:27 and Zadok was anointed לְכֹהֵן according to 1 Ch 29:22; cf. prediction of rejection of house of Eli and selection of כ׳ נֶאֱמָן 1 S 2:28, 35; Jehoiada הַכּ׳ led the revolution against Athaliah 2 K 11:9(×2), 10, 15(×2), 18; 12:3, 8, 10 = 2 Ch 22:11; 23:8(×2), 9, 14(×2); 24:2, 20, 25, perhaps also Je 29:26; הנהנים sustaining him in his reforms 2 K 12:5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 17; Uriah was הַכּ׳ in the reign of Ahaz 2 K 16:10, 11(×2), 15, 16 Is 8:2; Hilkiah of Josiah 2 K 22:10, 12, 14; 23:24 2 Ch 34:14, 18. Other individual priests are named, e.g.: Pashhur of Jehoiachin Je 20:1; Zephaniah of Zedekiah Je 21:1; 29:25, 26, 29; 37:3; הַכּ׳ is Ezekiel’s title Ez 1:3. Priests are classed with officials of state: prophets and priests 2 K 23:2 Is 28:7 Je 5:31; 6:13; 8:10; 14:18; 23:11, 33, 34; 26:7, 8, 11, 16; 29:1; La 2:20; 4:13; priests and elders La 1:19; 4:16; king and priest La 2:6; kings, priests, and prophets Je 13:13; kings, princes, and priests Je 1:18; princes, eunuchs, and priests Je 34:19; priest, sage, and prophet Je 18:18; chiefs, priests, and prophets Mi 3:11; prophets, priests, and elders Ez 7:26; kings, princes, priests, and prophets Je 2:26; 4:9; 8:1; 32:32; princes, judges, prophets, and priests Zp 3:4; seeming to exclude any other officials. Apparently in the same generic sense הכהנים Je 1:1; 2:8; 27:16; 28:1, 5; 29:25; 31:14; כַּכֹּהֵן Is 24:2; כהנים Jb 12:19; כהניה La 1:4 Ez 22:26; כהניו ψ 78:64. Moses and Aaron among his priests ψ 99:6 includes Moses (against P). Zion’s priests clothed with righteousness and salvation ψ 132:9, 16 = 2 Ch 6:41, prob. here also. †5. Levitical priests הַכֹּהֲנִים הַלְוִיִּם Dt 17:9, 18; 18:1; 24:8; 27:9; Jos 3:3; 8:33 (all D), Je 33:18 (inverted), v 21 (neither in 𝔊), 2 Ch 5:5 (= הַכּ׳ וְהַלּ׳ 1 K 8:4: Chronicler retains original Deuteronomic reading), Ez 43:19; 44:15 (cf. 6); הַכּ׳ בְנֵי לֵוִי Dt 21:5; 31:9; לקח לכ׳ לל׳ Is 66:21 take for priests, for Levites (of the nations in Messianic age). Doubtless of same class are: הַכֹּהֲנִים Dt 18:3; 19:17; Jos 3:6, 8; 4:11 (D); and הַכֹּהֵן, the priest officiating on a partic. occasion Dt 18:3; 20:2; or holding a partic. dignity 17:12; 26:3, 4. The כהנים of the other cities of Judah, כ׳ הבמות, who were not allowed to minister in Jerusalem 2 K 23:8(×2), 9, 20, may be an attempt to enforce an exclusion from the priesthood of all but Levitical priests. †6. Zadokite priests: Ezekiel distinguishes among הכהנים הלוים those of the seed of Zadok, בְּנֵי צָדוֹק; all but the latter excluded by him from priesthood 40:46; 43:19; 44:15; 48:11; the priests of his code being all Zadokites 40:45, 46; 42:13, 14; 43:24, 27; 44:21, 22, 30(×2), 31; 45:4, 19; 46:2, 19, 20; 48:10, 13. 7. Aaronic priests. In H. it is taken for granted that a priest is of the seed of Aaron; the pl. is never used; כֹּהֵן is used for any priest Lv 21:9; 22:10, 11, 12, 13; הַכֹּהֵן for Aaron Lv 21:21, and for the official priest (acting for the priesthood, almost collective) Lv 17:5, 6; 22:14; 23:10, 11, 20(×2); 27:8(×3), 11, 12(×2), 14(×2), 18, 21, 23. The priests of P are בְּנֵי אַהֲרֹן Lv 1:5, 8, 11; 2:2; 3:2; 21:1 Nu 3:3; 10:8 Jos 21:19; so in Chronicles 2 Ch 13:9, 10; 26:18; 29:21; 31:19; 35:14(×2); הַכֹּהֵן is used of Aaron 22 times, Eleazar 29 times, Phinehas Jos 22:30 and elsewhere; 180 times of ministering priests, or generic of the priests; הכהנים Lv 6:22; 7:6; 13:2; 16:33 Jos 4:16; כהן Lv 6:16. Chronicles distinguishes הַכֹּהֲנִים וְהַלְוִיִּם 1 Ch 13:2; 15:11, 14; 23:2; 24:6, 31; 28:13, 21 2 Ch 8:15; 11:13; 13:9, 10; 23:4; 24:5; 29:4; 30:15, 25; 31:2(×2), 4, 9; 34:30; 35:8, 18 (the variants without וְ 2 Ch 23:18; 30:27 are due to copyists’ errors). Ezr 1:5; 2:70; 3:8, 12; 6:20; 7:7; 8:29, 30; 9:1 Ne 7:72; 8:13; 11:3; 12:1, 30, 44(×2); 13:30; הלוים והכהנים 2 Ch 19:8; 30:21; priests, Levites, and others 1 Ch 9:2 Ezr 10:5 Ne 10:1, 29, 35; 11:20; בְּנֵי לֵוִי antith. to הַכּ׳ Ezr 8:15; הכהן בן אהרן עם הלוים Ne 10:39; (ה)כהנים in Chr 67 times has the same reference, as also כֹּהֲנֵינוּ Ezr 9:7 Ne 9:32, 34; כֹּהֵן Ezr 2:63 = Ne 7:65; כ׳ ליהוה 2 Ch 26:17; כהניו His (God’s) priests 2 Ch 13:12; כ׳ מוֹרֶה teaching priest 2 Ch 15:3; הַכֹּהֵן is used of Jehoiada in time of David 1 Ch 27:5, and Azariah in the reign of Uzziah 2 Ch 26:17. In the literature of the restoration הַכֹּהֵן is used of Ezra, Ezr 7:11; 10:10, 16 Ne 8:2, 9; 12:26; Uriah Ezr 8:33; Eliashib Ne 13:4; Shelemiah Ne 13:13; הכהנים Jo 1:9, 13; 2:17 Hg 2:11, 12, 13 Zc 7:5 Mal 1:6; 2:1; priests and prophets Zc 7:3; כהן Mal 2:7. 8. the high priest: הַכֹּהֵן is frequently used (see 4) to designate the priest who was at the head of priestly affairs. The adj. הַגָּדוֹל first appears of Jehoiada 2 K 12:11, then of Hilkiah 2 K 22:4, 8; 23:4; 2 Ch 34:9; after the exile, of Joshua Hg 1:1, 12, 14; 2:2, 4 Zc 3:1, 8; 6:11, and Eliashib Ne 3:1, 20; 13:28. But P uses it of Aaron and his eldest descendants who are anointed with holy oil Lv 21:10 (H; הכ׳ הַגָּדוֹל מֶאֶהָיו), Nu 35:25, 28(×2) Jos 20:6, and so הַכּ׳ הַמָּשִׁיהַ Lv 4:3, 5, 16; 6:15, cf. 16:32. כ׳ הָרֹאשׁ is used of Seraiah 2 K 25:18 = Je 52:24; and, in Chronicler, of Amariah 2 Ch 19:11, Jehoiada 2 Ch 24:11, Azariah, 2 Ch 26:20; 31:10; of Aaron Ezr 7:5. (We also supposes הרואה in 2 S 15:27 to be a corruption of הראשׁ, which he regards as postexilic insertion. The text is corrupt [see DrSm. l.c.]; but this correction is improbable. Lists of high priests occur 1 Ch 5:30–41; 6:35–38.) A priest of second rank (כֹּהֵן (ה)מִשְׁנֶה) appears in 2 K 23:4 (cstr. pl. incorrect), 25:18 = Je 52:24; זִקְנֵי הַכּ׳ 2 K 19:2 = Is 37:2, Je 19:1; שָׂרֵי הַכּ׳ 2 Ch 36:14 Ezr 8:24, 29; 10:5; רָאשֵׁי הַכּ׳ Ne 12:7.

χριστός, ή, όν, (χρίω) to be rubbed on, used as ointment or salve, opposed to πιστός, Refs 5th c.BC+; τὸ ἔλαιον τὸ χ. anointing oil, LXX __II of persons, anointed, ὁ ἱερεύς ὁ χ. LXX __II.2 especially of the Kings of Israel, ὁ χ. ΚυρίουLXX; plural, of the patriarchs, LXX __II.3 in NT, ὁ χ. the Messiah, NT; then used as proper name of Jesus, Ἰησοῦς χ. NT

קֹ֫דֶשׁ469 n.m. apartness, sacredness (opp. חֹל Lv 10:10 + 4 times Ez);—abs. ק׳ Ex 3:5 +; קוֹדֶשׁ Dn 11:30; cstr. קֹדֶשׁ Ex 30:36 +; sf. קָדְשִׁי Lv 20:3 +, etc.; pl. קָֽדָשִׁים Ex 29:37 +, הַקֳּדָשִׁים 26:33 +; cstr. קָדְשֵׁי Lv 22:15 +; sf. קָֽדָשַׁי Ez 22:8 + 3 times, קֳדָשֶׁיךָ †Dt 12:26, קֳדָשָׁיו Nu 5:10; 2 K 12:19, קָֽדָשָׁיו †2 Ch 15:18, etc.;— 1. apartness, sacredness, holiness, of God: a. of divine activity, syn. majesty, בַּקֹּדֶשׁ (of victory), Ex 15:11 (song) ψ 68:18; 77:14; זְרוֹעַ ק׳ holy arm Is 52:10 ψ 98:1. b. to attest his word as inviolable נשׁבע בק׳ Am 4:2 ψ 89:36; cf. דִּבְרֵי ק׳ Je 23:9, דְּבַר ק׳ ψ 105:42. c. of his name as sacred, inviolable, separate from all defilement, etc.: שֵׁם קָדְשִׁי Lv 20:3; 22:2, 32 (P), Am 2:7 1 Ch 16:10, 35; 29:16 + 9 times Ez, 5 times ψψ; זֵכֶר ק׳ ψ 30:5 = 97:12; and so d. רוּחַ קָדְשׁוֹ his holy Spirit Is 63:10, 11, cf. ψ 51:13. 2. of places set apart as sacred by God’s presence: †a. heavenly abode; מעון ק׳ Dt 26:15 Je 25:30; Zc 2:17; 2 Ch 30:27 ψ 68:6; הֵיכַל ק׳ Mi 1:2; Hb 2:20; Jon 2:5, 8 ψ 11:4; מְרוֹם ק׳ ψ 102:20; זְבֻל ק׳ Is 63:15; שְׁמֵי ק׳ ψ 20:7 כסּא ק׳ 47:9; בְּקָדְשׁוֹ 150:1. †b. on earth: אַדְמַת ק׳ Ex 3:5 (E), cf. Jos 5:15 (JE) 2 Ch 8:11; הַר קם אלהים Ez 28:14 (cf. p. 249 b). c. (only P and Ch) the tabernacle and its courts Ex 40:9 Nu 3:28 +; tabernacle by itself Ex 38:24; Lv 10:4 +; court Lv 10:17, 18 + (so קדשׁ הקדשׁים †Nu 18:10); the outer room (specific designation; הַקּ׳) Ex 26:33; 28:29 +; inner room Lv 4:6; 16:2 +, but specif. design. קדשׁ הקדשׁים Ex 26:33, 34; 1 Ch 6:34; שֶׁקֶל הק׳ shekel of the sanctuary Ex 30:13 + 24 times P. d. the temple and its precincts 2 Ch 29:7; Dn 8:13 +; שָׂרֵי ק׳ Is 43:28; 1 Ch 24:5; דבּר בְּקָדְשׁוֹ ψ 60:8 = 108:8 (oracle; al. by his holiness, as נשׁבעתי בקדשׁי 89:36), temple by itself 2 Ch 29:5; †בית (ה)ק׳ Is 64:10; 1 Ch 29:3; †הֵיכַל קדשׁך ψ 5:8 = 138:2, 79:1; הַקּ׳ outer room 1 K 8:10 = 2 Ch 5:11; courts of priests Ez 42:14; 44:27(×2); †חצרות קדשׁי Is 62:9; inner room Ez 41:21, 23, specif. †דְּבִיר קדשׁך ψ 28:2; †קדשׁ הקדשׁים 1 K 6:16; 7:50; 8:6; 2 Ch 3:8, 10; 4:22; 5:7; Ez 41:4; †לִשְׁכוֹת הַקּ׳ Ez 42:13; 44:19; 46:19 (v. לִשְׁכָּה 1 c). †e. Jerus. and its hills: מקום קדשׁו Ezr 9:8, עיר הק׳ Is 48:2; 52:1; Ne 11:1, 18, ע׳ קדשׁך Dn 9:24, הר (ה)ק׳ Is 11:9 + 6 times Is 2:3; Je 31:23; Ez 20:40 Jo 2:1; 4:17; Ob 16; Zp 3:11; Zc 8:3; Dn 9:16, 20; 11:45 + 6 times ψψ; גְּבוּל ק׳ ψ 78:54, הַרֲרֵי ק׳ 87:1 prob. also 110:3, ק׳ of city and suburbs in Mess. future Je 31:40 Jo 4:17. Cf. f. (ה)קדשׁ of Zion Ob 17 ψ 20:3; 24:3; 63:3; 68:25, ק׳ קדשׁים Ez 43:12; נְוֵה ק׳ Ex 15:13 of Zion (or Shiloh). g. of holy land Zp 3:4, אדמת הק׳ Zc 2:16, עָרֵי קדשׁך Is 64:9; future portion of priests ק׳ Ez 45:1(×2) + 11 times Ez; קדשׁ קדשׁים Ez 45:3; 48:12; of Levites קדשׁ Ez 48:14. 3. things consecrated at sacred places: a. furniture of tabern. †קדשׁ (ה)קדשׁים Ex 30:10, 29; Nu 4:4, 19; altar of burnt-offering Ex 29:37; 40:10; Dn 9:24; ארון הק׳ 2 Ch 35:3. b. sacrifices of animals Nu 18:17; Ez 36:38; 2 Ch 29:33; sacrificial food Lv 21:22; Nu 5:9 +; †קדשׁ (ה)קדשׁים Lv 2:3, 10; 6:10, 18, 22; 7:1, 6; 10:12, 17; 14:13; Nu 18:9(×2) (all P), Ez 42:13(×2) 2 Ch 31:14 Ezr 2:63 = Ne 7:65; tithe was קדשׁ Lv 27:30 +, also first loaves of new harvest Lv 23:20; fruit of trees of 4th year Lv 19:24. c. any consecrated thing: ‖ vows Dt 12:26; Pr 20:25 +, house Lv 27:14, field Lv 27:21, 23; treasures consecrated to treasury of tabern. or temple Jos 6:19 (E) 1 K 7:51 +; consecrated things in gen. Ex 28:38 (P); Ez 20:40; 22:8 +; these may be †קדשׁ (ה)קדשׁים Ez 44:13, so חֵרֶם Lv 27:28. d. anointing oil of priest Ex 30:25(×2) + 5 times (P), ψ 89:21; incense Ex 30:35, 37, ק׳ קדשׁים v 36; shew-bread 1 S 21:5, קדשׁ (ה)ק׳ Lv 24:9 (P); foretold of common articles, ק׳ לי׳ Zc 14:20, 21. On ק׳ הקדשׁים v. also Di Ex 26:33; Lv 21:22 WeComp. 160 f. Dr Dn 9:24. 4. persons sacred by connex. with sacred places: a. priests Lv 21:6; 2 Ch 23:6; 31:18 Ezr 8:28, garments of priesthood Ex 28:2, 4 + 7 times Ex, Lv 16:4, 32 Ez 42:14, specif. of h. priest כתנת ק׳ Lv 16:4, נֵזֶר הק׳ Ex 29:6; 39:30 Lv 8:9; inscription on head piece קדשׁ ליהוה Ex 28:36; 39:30. b. of Israel, קדשׁ לי׳ Je 2:3, היתה לקדשׁו ψ 114:2, עם (ה)קדשׁ Is 62:12; Dn 12:7, עם קדשׁך Is 63:18; (ה)קדשׁ זֶרַע Is 6:13; Ezr 9:2; אַנְשֵׁי קדשׁ Ex 22:30 (R), and so spoil for their use Is 23:18; holy adornment הַדְרַת ק׳ 1 Ch 16:29; 2 Ch 20:21 ψ 29:2; 96:9; הַדְרֵי ק׳ ψ 110:3 (but read הַרְרֵי see 2 e; הָדָר 1); covt. between God and his people ברית ק׳ Dn 11:28, 30(×2). 5. times consecrated to worship: שׁבת Ex 16:23; 31:14, 15; 35:2 (P) Ne 9:14; of שׁבת also יום ק׳ Is 58:13; disting. from שׁבת Ne 10:32; יובל Lv 25:12 (P); assembly called at stated times for worship מקרא(י) ק׳ Ex 12:16(×2) + 17 times Lv 23 Nu 28 (all P). †6. of things and persons ceremonially cleansed, and so separated as sacred; things 1 S 21:6; flesh Je 11:15; Mal 2:11; priests cleanse thus, 1 Ch 23:13, 28; בין (ה)קדשׁ לחל Ez 22:26; 42:20; 44:23; בין הק׳ ובין החל Lv 10:10; דֶּרֶךְ הק׳ Is 35:8 way of the clean; שְׂאוּ יְדֵכֶם ק׳ ψ 134:2; לְבֵיתְךָ נֵאֲוָה־קּ׳ ψ 93:5.— Note. מֵרִבְבֹת קֹדֶשׁ Dt 33:2 is lit. from myriads of sacredness, sacred myriads; but ‖ suggests n.pr.loc., 𝔊 σὺν μυριάσιν Καδής, מִמְּרִבַת קָדֵשׁ from Meribah Kadesh Di Buhl Steuern.; or (מִן om.) to M. Kadesh WeProl. 364; 3rd ed. 359; Hist. 344; v. קָדֵשׁ²" dir="rtl" >קָדֵשׁ and Dr Dt.

אֹ֫הֶל343 n.m. Gn 13:3 tent (cf. Assyrian âlu, supr., Arabic أَهْلٌ, fellow-dwellers, family, Sab. אהל DHMZMG 1883, 341 al., also in n.pr. Sab. & Ph. v. אהליאב)—abs. א׳ Gn 4:20 +; cstr. id. Ex 28:43 +; אֹ֫הֱלָה (ה loc.) Gn 18:6 +; sf. אָהֳלִי Jb 29:4 +; אָֽהָלְךָ ψ 61:5; אָֽהֳלֹה Gn 9:21 + 3 times (v. DrSm xxxv); pl. אֹהָלִים Gn 13:5 + (Ges§ 23.3); בָֽאֳהָלִים Ju 8:11 +; cstr. אָהֳלֵי Nu 16:26 +; sf. אֹהָלַי Je 4:20; אֹהָלֶיךָ Nu 24:5 +; אָהֳלֵיכֶם Jos 22:8 +, etc.— 1. tent of nomad Ct 1:5 Je 6:3; 49:29; ישֵׁב א׳ dweller in tents Gn 4:20; 25:27 (J); אָהֳלֵי מִקְנֶה tents of cattle 2 Ch 14:14; of soldier 1 Sa 17:54 cf. Dr, Je 37:10; 1 K 12:16 ישׂראל לְאֹהָלֶיךָ, exclam., to thy tents, Israel!, cf. 1 K 8:66 2 Ch 10:16 2 S 20:1 (but cf. Dr, 1 S 17:54); of pleasure-tent on house-top 2 S 16:22 (= bridal-tent, bridal pavilion, cf. חֻפָּה ψ 19:5 Jo 2:16 v. RSKinship 168). 2. dwelling, habitation; ψ 91:10 בְּאֹהֳלֶ֑ךָ home (lit. in thy tent), pl. לְאֹהָלֶֽךָ Ju 19:9; בֵּיתִי א׳ habitation of my house ψ 132:3 cf. Dn 11:45; א׳ דוד habitat. or palace of David where throne erected Is 16:5; א׳ בַת צִיּוֹן h. of daughter of Zion (= Jerusalem) La 2:4; אָהֳלֵי יַעֲקֹב Je 30:18 Mal 2:12 (‖ מִשְׁכָּן); א׳ יְהוּדָה Zc 12:7 (‖ בית דוד); א׳ רְשָׁעִים h. of wicked Jb 8:22, cf. רֶ֫שַׁע" dir="rtl" >א׳ רֶשַׁע ψ 84:11, א׳ יְשָׁרִים Pr 14:11; א׳ שֹׁחַד Jb 15:34; א׳ צַדִּיקִים ψ 118:15; א׳ אֱדוֹם = Edom itself, ψ 83:7 cf. א׳ קְדָר ψ 120:5 א׳ כוּשָׁן Hb 3:7; cf. Is 54:2 ψ 69:26. 3. the sacred tent in worship of God; הָאֹהֶל the tent; א׳ מוֹעֵד tent of meeting of God with his people (tent of congregation or assembly Ges MV al.) According to E Moses so called the tent which he used to pitch without the camp, afar off, into which he used to enter, & where God spake with him face to face, Ex 33:7–11 Nu 12:5, 10 Dt 31:14, 15; J seems to have same conception of an א׳ מ׳ outside the camp, Nu 11:24, 26; D has no allusion to such a tent; P mentions it 131 times as א׳ מ׳; 19 times as הָאֹהֶל (cf. Ez 41:1) & א׳ הָעֵדוּת, tent of the testimony Nu 9:15; 17:22, 23; 18:2 (as containing ark & tables of the testimony) cf. 2 Ch 24:6; this tent sometimes confounded with the מִשְׁכָּן but distinguished in מִשְׁכַּן א׳מ׳ Ex 39:32; 40:2, 6, 29, cf. 1 Ch 6:17; הַמִּשְׁכָּן וְהָאֹהֶל Nu 3:25; אֶת־הַמִּשְׁכָּן וְאֶת־אָהֳלוֹ Ex 35:11; tent was of three layers of skins, goatskins, ramskins, & tachash skins, each layer of eleven pieces stretched in form of a tent, covring & protecting the מִשְׁכָּן, wh. was in form of parallelopip. (Ex 26). An אֹהֶל מוֹעֵד was at Shilo 1 S 2:22 (om. 𝔊; v. Dr) cf. ψ 78:60, called א׳ יוֹסֵף v 67. The Mosaic א׳ מ׳ was later at Gibeon 2 Ch 1:3, 6, 13; courses of ministry arranged for service at א׳ מ׳ 1 Ch 6:17; 23:32 cf. 1 Ch 9:19 (הָא׳), v 21, 23 (בֵּית הָא׳); David erected an אֹהֶל for ark on Mt. Zion 2 S 6:17 1 Ch 15:1; 16:1; 2 Ch 1:4; Joab fled for refuge to א׳ יהוה 1 K 2:28–30; sacred oil brought from הָא׳ 1 K 1:39; the א׳ מוֹעֵד was taken up into temple 1 K 8:4 = 2 Ch 5:5; י׳ had not previously dwelt in a בַּיִת, but had gone מֵאֹהֶל אֶל־אֹהֶל from tent to tent, from one to another, 1 Ch 17:5, cf. 2 S 7:6; א׳ יהוה (‖ בַּיִת & הַר קֹדֶשׁ) is refuge & dwelling-place of righteous, ψ 15:1; 27:5, 6; 61:5 (cf. ψ 90:1).

נָבִיא306 n.m. spokesman, speaker, prophet—נ׳ Gn 20:7 + 155 times; sf. נְבִיאֶ֑ךָ Ex 7:1; pl. נְבִיאִים Nu 11:29 + 82 times; נְבִאִים Je 27:18 + 16 times; sf. נְבִיאַי ψ 105:15; נְבִאָיו 1 K 22:22; נְבִיאָו֯ 2 K 17:13, etc.;— 1. genuine prophet of י׳, נביא, anciently called רֹאֶה, 1 S 9:9 (antiquarian note); change prob. occurred in times of Elijah and is first reflected in Ephr. lit. as applied to Abraham Gn 20:7; Moses Dt 34:10, M. and other early proph. Ho 6:5; 12:11(×2), 14(×2) Am 2:11, 12; of proph. in ecstatic state Nu 12:6 (E), 11:24 (JE). So in Judaic lit., of prophet like Moses Dt 18:15, 18 (D), of Aaron (as mouthpiece of M.) Ex 7:1 (P), of Sam. 1 S 3:20, an unknown Ju 6:8; in time of Sam. proph. were organized in bands: †הֶבֶל נביאים 1 S 10:5, 10; †להקת הנ׳ 1 S 19:20; and in time of Elijah were †בְּנֵי הַנְּבִיאִים = members of prophets’ guilds 1 K 20:35 2 K 2:3, 5, 7, 15; 4:1, 38(×2) נָבִיא of genuine proph. (besides phrases), in Judaic prophets, only of Jer., Je 1:5; Ezekiel, Ez 2:5 = 33:33; of ancient prophets Je 28:8, 9(×3) Zc 1:6; 8:9; especially †הנביאים הראשׁנים Zc 1:4; 7:7, 12, cf. †עבדי(ו) הנביאים my (his) servants the prophets 2 K 9:7; 17:13, 23; 21:10; 24:2 (all RD) Ezr 9:11 Dn 9:10 Je 7:25; 25:4; 26:5; 29:19; 35:15; 44:4 Am 3:7 Zc 1:6, cf. Ez 38:17 Dn 9:6; †עבדוֹ הַנּ׳ his servant the prophet 1 K 14:18 2 K 14:25; הַנָּבִיא with n.pr.: Jer, 2 Ch 36:12 Dn 9:2 + 31 times Je (but 𝔊 only 4 times, the rest prob. redactional, see GieJer. xxvii); Elijah 1 K 18:36 (om 𝔊), 2 Ch 21:12 Mal 3:23; Nathan 2 S 7:2 + 10 times S. and K.; 4 times Chr ψ 51:2 (title); Isaiah, 2 K 19:2; 20:1, 14 = Is 37:2; 38:1; 39:1; 2 K 20:11; 2 Ch 26:22; 32:20, 32; Habakkuk Hb 1:1; 3:1 (titles); Haggai, Hg 1:1, 3, 12; 2:1, 10; Zech., Zc 1:1, 7 (titles); elsewhere several others in S., K. and Chr. 15 times; נביא is used elsewhere of genuine proph. only 1 S 9:9 + 34 times S. and K.; 1 Ch 16:22 = ψ 105:15, + 13 times Chr.; ψ 74:9 complains of absence of נ׳; לַחְתֹּם חָזוֹן וְנָבִיא Dn 9:24 v. חָתַם" dir="rtl" >חתם. 2. false prophets: †prophets as official class, beside priests, charact. as false prophets: Is 28:7 Je 2:26; 4:9; 6:13; 8:1, 10; 13:13; 14:18; 18:18; 23:11, 33, 34; 26:7, 8, 11, 16; 32:32 Zc 7:3, app. also 2 K 23:2 Ne 9:32 La 2:20 Je 29:1 Ez 7:26 (in these not characterized); always false (except of ancient and special prophets given above) in Am 7:14 Ho 4:5; 9:7, 8 Mi 3:5, 6, 11 Is 3:2; 9:14; 29:10 Je 2:8, 30; 5:13, 31; 14:13, 14, 15(×2); 23:9 + 16 times; 27:9, 14, 15, 16, 18; 29:8, 15; 37:19 Ez 13:2(×2), 3, 4, 9, 16; 14:4, 7, 9(×2), 10; 22:25, 28 Zp 3:4 La 2:9, 14; 4:13; especially discredited Dt 13:2, 4, 6; 18:20(×2), 22(×2) Zc 13:2, 4, 5; such a prophet Hananiah called הַנָּבִיא Je 28:1, 5, 10, 12, 15, 17 (𝔊 omits in all but v 1, where Ψευδοπροφήτης). Usage of prophets themselves gives such a bad flavour to נביא, that we are not surprised that it is absent from exilic Isaiah, the Wisd. lit., and ψψ (except for special reasons in 3 ψψ given under 1). †3. heathen prophets 1 K 18:20; 19:1; 2 K 3:13(×2); נביאי האשׁרה 1 K 18:19; נביאי הבעל 1 K 18:19, 22, 25, 40 2 K 10:19; 1 K 22:6, 10, 12, 13, 22, 23 = 2 Ch 18:5, 9, 11, 12, 21, 22.

II. עֹלָה286 n.f. whole burnt-offering (that which goes up (√ 6) to heaven (al. on altar));—ע׳ Gn 22:3 + 141 times; עוֹלָה Nu 28:37 + 33 times; cstr. עֹלַת Ex 29:42 + 27 times, עוֹלַת Nu 28:24 + 2 times; sf. עוֹלָֽתְךָ ψ 20:4, etc.; pl. עֹלוֹת Jos 8:31 + 42 times, עֹלֹת Gn 8:20 + 3 times; עוֹלֹת Dt 27:6, עוֹלוֹת Am 5:22 +; sf. עֹלוֹתֵיכֶם Je 6:20 +, etc.;—the whole burnt-offering (beast or fowl) is entirely consumed and goes up in the flame of the altar to God expressing the ascent of the soul in worship. All of the victim is laid on the altar except the hide and such parts as could not be washed clean. If beast the ע׳ must be a male without blemish Lv 1:3, 10; 22:18, 19, of herd or flock; if of flock, either sheep or goat; if fowl, either turtledove or young pigeon Lv 1:14, the latter usually offered by the poor †5:7; 12:8; 14:22; 15:14, 15, 29, 30; Nu 6:10, 11. A lamb was offered by individuals Lv 12:6; Nu 6:14, and by the nation at the עֹמֶר offering Lv 23:12, and daily at the עֹלַת הַבֹּקֶר 9:17; Nu 28:23; 2 K 16:15; Ez 46:13, and at morning and evening עלה תמיד Nu 28:3, †עֹלַת (הַ)תָּמִיד Ex 29:42; Nu 28:6, 10, 15, 23, 24, 31; 29:6, 11, 16, 19, 22, 25, 28, 31, 34, 38; Ezr 3:5; Ne 10:34; Ez 46:15. These were doubled at the עֹלַת שַׁבָּת Nu 28:10. A ram was offered by Aaron and his sons †Ex 29:18; Lv 8:18; 9:2; 16:3, 5; but a young bullock was of greater value Nu 15:8, 24; 2 S 24:22 1 Ch 21:23, at consecration of Levites Nu 8:12, so calves Mi 6:6; on great occasions bullocks + rams Nu 23:1–6, 14, 15, bullocks + rams + lambs Is 1:11; one of each kind offered by tribal chiefs Nu 7:15, 21, 27, 33, 39, 45, 51, 57, 63, 69, 76, 81, 87. In ritual of עֹלַת (ה)חֹדֶשׁ Nu 28:14; 29:6 and at מצּות and Pentecost 2 bullocks, 1 ram, and 7 lambs were added to daily offering Nu 28:11, 19, 27; at offering of new bread at Pentecost 1 bullock, 2 rams, and 7 lambs Lv 23:18; on the 1st and 10th of the 7th month and at עצרת 1 bullock, 1 ram, and 7 lambs, in addition to the offerings of new moon Nu 29:2, 8, 36; the system culminated in 70 bullocks, 14 rams, 98 lambs for the 7 days of Tabernacles 29:13 ff. According to Ezek. the prince was to offer on each of 7 days of מצות 7 bullocks and 7 rams Ez 45:23, and on Sabbath 6 lambs and 1 ram 46:4. At the reconsecration of temple 70 bullocks, 100 rams, and 200 lambs were offered 2 Ch 29:32, and at the return of exiles 12 bullocks, 96 rams, and 77 lambs Ezr 8:35. In early times whole burnt-offerings of children were sometimes made, e.g. Jephthah’s daughter Ju 11:31, Isaac proposed as, Gn 22:2 but ram substituted v 13; made to other gods 2 K 3:27; Je 19:5 +. The ע׳ was anciently made on any altar used for worship, but in P confined to †מִזְבַּח הָעֹלָה Ex 30:28; 31:9; 35:16; 38:1; 40:6, 10, 29; Lv 4:7, 10, 18, 25(×2), 30, 34; 1 Ch 6:34; 16:40; 21:26, 29; 2 Ch 29:18 (not in other lit.); מזבח לעלה Jos 22:29; 1 Ch 22:1. The offerer imposed his hands on head of animal, then slaughtered it Lv 1:4, 5; †שׁחט ע׳ 4:24, 33; 6:8; 7:2; 9:12; 14;14:13, 19, 31; Ez 40:39, 42; 44:11, and flayed it †הִפְשִׁיט ע׳ Lv 1:6 2 Ch 29:34. The priest washed the pieces Ez 40:38; arranged them on the altar above the wood Lv 6:5; the fire devoured them v 2–6; 9:24; 1 K 18:38; 2 Ch 7:1, they went up in the flame ריח ניחח ליהוה (ל) Lv 1:9, 13, 17; 8:21 Nu 28:13; לְרָצוֹן, according to character of offerer is Is 56:7; Je 6:20; see also ψ 20:4; 40:7; 51:18; 1 S 15:22. Phrases: †העלה ע׳ Gn 8:20 Ex 32:6 (J) 24:5 (E) 30:9; 40:29; Lv 14:20; 17:8 (P) Dt 12:13, 14; 27:6; Jos 8:31; 22:23; Ju 6:26; 20:26; 21:4; 1 S 6:14, 15; 7:9, 10; 10:8; 13:9, 10, 12; 2 S 6:17, 18; 24:24, 25; 1 K 3:4, 15; 9:25; 10:5; 2 K 3:27; 1 Ch 16:2, 40; 21:24, 26; 23:31; 29:21; 2 Ch 1:6; 8:12; 9:4; 23:18; 24:14; 29:7, 27; 35:14, 16; Ezr 3:2, 3, 6; Jb 1:5; 42:8 ψ 66:15 Je 14:12; 33:18; Ez 43:18, 24; Am 5:22 (cf. העלה 9); †זבח ע׳ Ex 20:24 (E); עשׂה לע׳ Lv 23:12; Nu 6:11; 15:24; 29:39; †עָשָׂה ע׳ Lv 5:10; 9:7, 22; 15:15, 30; 16:24(×2); Nu 6:16; 8:12; 15:3, 8; 29:2; Dt 12:27; Ju 13:16; 1 K 8:61; 2 K 5:17; 10:24, 25; 2 Ch 7:7; Ez 43:27; 45:17, 23; 46:2, 12(×2), 13; †הִקְרִיב ע׳ Lv 7:8; 9:16; 10:19; 23:37; Nu 28:3, 11, 19, 27; 29:8, 13, 36; 1 Ch 16:1; Ezr 8:35; Ez 46:4; הקריב לע׳ Lv 22:18; Nu 6:14; †הביא ע׳ Dt 12:6, 11; 2 Ch 29:31, 32; 30:15; Is 43:23; Je 17:26; †הקטיר ע׳ 2 K 16:13, 15; 2 Ch 13:11.—עֹלָתָה, עוֹלוֹת v. also עַוְלָה sub I. עוּל.

II. לֵוִי291 adj.gent. Levite;—לֵוִי, 40 times; pl. לְוִיִּם 250 times; sf. 1 pl. לְוִיֵּנוּ Ne 10:1;— †1. sg. of individual, אִישׁ ל׳ Ju 19:1 a certain Levite; pred. וְהוּא ל׳ Ju 17:1 and he was a Levite, so v 9; c. art. הַלּ׳ as subst. the Levite Ex 4:14 (J), Ju 17:10, 11, 12, 13 (as priest), Dt 18:6; 2 Ch 20:14; 31:12, 14, Ezr 10:15; הַנַּעַר הַלּ׳ Ju 18:3, 15; הָאִישׁ הַלּ׳ 20:4. Sg. usually †2. c. art. הַלֵּוִי as subst. coll. the Levites: Ex 6:19; Nu 3:20, 32; 26:57 (all P); 18:23 (P; charged with service of tabern.); especially D, Dt 12:12, 18, 19; 14:27, 29; 16:1, 14; 26:10, 12, 13; also 1 Ch 24:6; Mal 2:8 (as priestly tribe), שֵׁבֶט הַלּ׳ Dt 10:8 tribe of the Levites (set apart for service), cf. Jos 13:14, 33; 1 Ch 23:14; בְּנֵי־הַלֵּוִי 1 Ch 12:27 (van d. H. v 26) sons of the Levites (i.e. of the tribe); so Ne 10:40 (as tithe-collectors); בֵּית הַלֵּוִי ψ 135:20 house (family, tribe) of the Levites 3. pl. לְוִיִּם chiefly Chr and P;—always c. art. הַֽלְוִיִּם except sf. לְוִיֵּנוּ Ne 10:1; the art. is om. by 𝔊𝔙 and most in Is 66:21; always = subst. Levites;— A. †a. earlier usage:—as bearing the ark 1 S 6:15; 2 S 15:24; Dt 31:25, so (with priests) 1 K 8:4 = 2 Ch 5:5 (ℌ הכהנים הַל׳; read prob. וְהַל׳ as in K, 𝔊𝔖𝔙 cf. Öt VB); also 1 Ch 15:2, 26, 27; 23:26; 2 Ch 5:4 (for הכהנים ‖ 1 K 8:3). †b. not disting. from priests by D: הַכֹּהֲנִים הַל׳ Dt 17:9, 18; 18:1; 24:8; 27:9, Jos 3:3; 8:33 (both D; as bearing ark), also Je 33:18, 21 (הַל׳ הַכּ׳), Ez 43:19; 44:15; cf. Dt 18:7; 27:14 Je 33:22; הַכּ׳ הַל׳ likewise 2 Ch 23:18; 30:27 (but read prob. וְהַל׳ after 𝔊𝔖𝔙, cf. Öt and infr.) †c. as tribal designation, Ex 6:25; Nu 3:39; 4:18, 46; Jos 21:1 (all P), 1 Ch 9:33, 34; 15:12; 2 Ch 35:5; Ne 11:15, 16; 12:24; with ref. to share in land Lv 25:32(×2), 33(×2) (H), Nu 1:47; 2:33; Jos 14:3, 4; 21:3, 4, 8, 20, 27, 34, 38, 39 (all P), 18:7 (D), 1 Ch 6:49; cf. also 2 Ch 11:14†. d. set apart for service in tabern., Ex 38:21; Nu 1:50, 51(×2), 53(×2); 2:17; 7:5, 6; 8:6 + 18 times Nu 8 (all P), cf. 1 Ch 6:33; 16:4; ministers to Aaron and his sons Nu 3:9; 8:19; 18:6 (P); set apart for י׳ (as redemption for first-born) Nu 3:12(×2) + 7 times Nu 3 (P); with certain perquisites Nu 18:24, 26, 30 + 9 times Nu (P). B. in Chr. the tribal idea is in the background, and thought of Levites as official class is prominent: a. disting. from priests הַכּ׳ וְהַל׳ 1 Ch 9:14 (cf. v 10), 13:2; 15:4, 11, 14; 23:2; 24:6, 31 + 67 times Chr.; also Is 66:21 (according to Vrss., but dub.), Ez 44:10; 45:5 (cf. v 4), 48:11, 12, 13, 22. b. as porters, 1 Ch 9:26; 26:17, cf. 34:9; as in charge of music, 1 Ch 15:16, 17, 22 2 Ch 5:12; 29:25, 30; 34:12 Ne 12:27; yet disting. from porters and singers, Ne 7:1; 13:5, 10; disting. also from נְתִינִים 1 Ch 9:2; Ezr 8:20; Ne 10:29; further (with various official functions) 1 Ch 9:31 + 29 times Chr.; of groups of individuals, 2 Ch 17:8(×2); 29:12; 34:12 Ezr 2:40 = Ne 7:43, Ezr 8:33; Ne 3:17; 9:5; 10:10; 12:8, also 8:7 (om. וְ; 𝔙 BeRy Ryle). c. בְּנֵי־הַלְוִיִּם 1 Ch 15:15 (bearing ark), 24:30 (tribal designation).—See, on Levites, especially GfGesch. d. Stammes Levi in MeArchiv i. 68 ff. 208 ff. WeProl. Cap. iv RSOTJC. 435 f., 2nd ed., 360 f. BauPriesterthum 50 f., 68 f., and often

רָשָׁע263 adj. wicked, criminal;—abs. ר׳ Gn 18:23 +; pl. רְשָׁעִים Is 13:11 +; cstr. רִשְׁעֵי ψ 75:9 + 3 times; fs. רְשָׁעָה Ez 3:18 (del. Co), v 19 (רָשָׁע Co);— †1. usually as subst., one guilty of crime, deserving punishment; sometimes also wicked; opp. צַדִּיק; רָשָׁע Ex 2:13; 23:1 (E), Dt 25:2; Pr 17:23; 18:5; 25:5; Jb 9:22, 24; coll. Gn 18:23, 25(×2) (J) Mi 6:10; Pr 3:33; 28:4, רשׁעים 1 S 24:14; Je 5:26; Pr 19:28; 20:26; 29:12, אנשׁים רשׁעים 2 S 4:11 (murderers), רָשָׁע לָמוּת Nu 35:31 (P) guilty of death, מוֹשֵׁל ר׳ Pr 28:15, cf. 29:2, הִצְדִּיק ר׳ Ex 23:7 (E) Is 5:23; Pr 17:15; הִרְשִׁעַ ר׳ Dt 25:1 1 K 8:32 = השׁיב לְרָשָׁע 2 Ch 6:23; אמר לר׳ צַדִּיק Pr 24:24. 2. guilty of hostility to God or his people, wicked enemies: רשׁע sg. ψ 17:13 + 6 times ψψ, Is 26:10; coll. ψ 9:6, 17; 10:2 + 6 times ψψ, Is 11:4 Hb 3:13; רשׁעים ψ 3:8; 7:10; 9:18 + 5 times ψψ, Is 48:22; 57:20, 21 Je 25:31 Ez 21:34 Mal 3:21 (+ (poss.) other cases; often hard to decide); specif. of Pharaoh Ex 9:27 (J), Babylon Is 13:11; 14:5, Chaldeans Hb 1:4, 13; ‖ שׂנְאֵי יהוה 2 Ch 19:2. 3. guilty of sin, against either God or man, wicked: האנשׁים הרשׁעים Nu 16:26 (J, rebellious Korahites), Mal 3:18 (not serving י׳), opp. צַדִּיק; sg. indiv. Ez 3:18(×2); 21:30; 33:8(×2) ψ 11:5; 32:10 Pr 9:7 +; coll. Is 3:11 Jb 34:18; 36:6, 17; pl. רשׁעים Is 53:9 Je 23:19 = 30:23, Zp 1:3 ψ 26:5; Pr 10:3; Ec 8:10 +; ‖ חסידים 1 S 2:9 (poem), ψ 12:9; 50:16; 97:10; 145:20; ‖ עֹזְבֵי תוֹרָתֶ֑ךָ 119:53, cf. v 61, +; †אדם ר׳ Pr 11:7; Jb 20:29; 27:13; אִישׁ ר׳ Pr 21:29; מלאך ר׳ 13:17; זֶרַע רשׁעים ψ 37:28; †עֲצַת רשׁעים 1:1; Jb 10:3; 21:16; 22:18; †דֶּרֶךְ רשׁעים Je 12:1 ψ 1:6; 146:9; Pr 4:19; 12:26; דֶּרֶךְ רשׁע 15:9; מִדַּרְכּוֹ הָֽרְשָׁעָה Ez 3:18, 19 (but v. Co, supr.); †רִשְׁעֵי (ה)ארץ ψ 75:9; 101:8; 119:119 Ez 7:21 (𝔊 Co עריצי).—רָשָׁע is rare before exile; chiefly Ez ψψ WisdLit.

ἅγιος [ᾰ], α, ον, devoted to the gods: __I in good sense, sacred, holy: __I.1 of things, especially temples, ἈΦροδίτης ἱρὸν ἅ.Refs 5th c.BC+; ἱρο᾽ν Ἡρακλέος ἅ.Refs 5th c.BC+; μητρός.. ἐστι πατρὶς ἁγιώτερονRefs 4th c.BC+; ἅ., τό, temple, LXX+NTHoly of Holies, NT __I.2 of persons, holy, pure, LXX+5th c.BC+ οἱ ἅ. the Saints, NT πνεῦμα ἅ. the Holy Spirit, NT adverb ἁγίως καὶ σεμνῶς ἔχεινRefs 5th c.BC+ __II in bad sense, accursed, execrable, Refs 8th c.BC+; rare in Attic dialect (see. above). (Possibly cognate with Sanskrit yajati 'sacrifice'.)

† עָוֹן n.m. Is 22:14 iniquity, guilt or punishment of iniquity;—ע׳ abs. Ex 28:43 +; עָווֹן 2 K 7:9 ψ 51:7; cstr. עֲוֹן Gn 15:16 +; עֲווֹן 1 Ch 21:8; sf. עֲוֹנִי Gn 4:13 + (2 S 16:12 read בְּעָנְיִי), עֲוֹנְךָ Ho 9:7 +; עֲוֹנֵ֑כִי ψ 103:3; עֲוֹ֔נָהֿ Nu 15:31 (Ges§ 91 e), etc.; pl. עֲוֹנוֹת abs. ψ 130:3 +, cstr. Jb 13:26 +; עְוֹנֹת abs. ψ 65:4, cstr. Lv 16:21 +; sf. עֲוֹנֹתֶיךָ Is 43:24, עֲוֹנֹתֵיכֶם Nu 14:34 +, etc.; also עֲוֹנֶיךָ Ez 28:18; עֲוֹנֵינוּ Is 64:6 +, etc. (SS doubt all these);— 1. iniquity, Jb 15:5; 20:27 Je 11:10; 14:7; 16:17 La 2:14 Ez 4:5; 7:13; ‖ חטאת 1 S 20:1 Jb 13:23 Is 5:18; 43:24; 59:2 Je 5:25; 16:10 La 4:6, 13 Dn 9:16 Ho 4:8; 13:12; ‖ פשׁע Jb 14:17; 31:33 ψ 107:17 Is 50:1; 53:5; ‖ אשׁמה Ezr 9:6, 7, 13; רעה Jb 22:5 Ho 7:1. a. ע׳ נְעוּרַי Jb 13:26 iniquities of my youth; ע׳ חֶרֶב 19:29 iniquities calling for the sword; ע׳ פְּלִילִי(ם) 31:11, 28 iniquity for (to be punished by) judges; שְׁתֵּי עֲוֹנֹתָם Ho 10:10 (so read Vrss Hi al.); כשׁל בע׳ stumble by iniquity Ho 5:5; 14:2; cf. מִבְשׁוֹל ע׳ Ez 7:19; 14:3, 4, 7; 18:30; 44:12; לכל־עון Dt 19:15; אשׁתמרה מע׳ 2 S 22:24 = ψ 18:24; עָוֹן אֲשֶׁר־חֵטְא Ho 12:9. b. iniquity as recognized, ידע ע׳ 1 S 3:13; Is 59:12; Je 3:13; 14:20; confessed, התודה ע׳ Lv 16:21; 26:40(×2) (P), Ne 9:2; הגיד ע׳ ψ 38:19; לא כסה ע׳ 32:5; brought to remembrance, הזכיר ע׳ Nu 5:15 (P) 1 K 17:18; Ez 21:28, 29; 29:16; causing shame, יִכָּֽלְמוּ מע׳ Ez 43:10; turned from, שׁוּב מע׳ Dn 9:13, cf. השׁיב מע׳ Mal 2:6. c. (i) phrases of punishment: פקד ע׳ על Ex 20:5 = Dt 5:9; Ex 34:7; Nu 14:18; (J), Lv 18:25 (H) 2 S 3:8; Is 13:11; 26:21; Je 25:12; 36:31; Am 3:2; without על, La 4:22, פקד ע׳ ב ψ 89:33; Jb 11:6 v. נָשָׁא²" dir="rtl" >II. [נָשָׁא²" dir="rtl" >נשׁא]; יסּר על ע׳ ψ 39:12 chastise for iniquity; שַׁתָּ֯ ע׳לנגדךָ 90:8 set our iniquities before thee; גמל כע׳ 103:10; שׁמר ע׳ 130:3; שׁלּם ע׳ Is 65:7(×2); Je 16:18; 32:18; מַטְבֵּחַ בע׳ Is 14:21; (2) of forgiveness or removal: העביר ע׳ 2 S 24:10 = 1 Ch 21:8; Jb 7:21 Zc 3:4; משׁתי ע׳ 3:9; סלח לע׳ Ex 34:9 Nu 14:19 (J), ψ 25:11; 103:3; Je 31:34; 33:8; 36:3; נשׂא ע׳ Ex 34:7; Nu 14:18 (J), ψ 32:5; 85:3; Is 33:24; Ho 14:3; Mi 7:18; סר ע׳ Is 6:7; יכבושׁ ע׳ Mi 7:19; (3) of covering over, כסה על ע׳ Ne 3:37; כפּר ע׳ ψ 78:38; Pr 16:6; Is 22:14; 27:9; Dn 9:24; כפּר על ע׳ Je 18:23; יתכפּר ע׳ 1 S 3:14; (4) of cleansing from: כבּס מע׳ ψ 51:4; מחה ע׳ v 11; טהר מע׳ Je 33:8; Ez 36:33; (5) of imputing, reckoning to one: חשׁב ע׳ ל 2 S 19:20 ψ 32:2; (ל) זכר ע׳ 79:8; Is 64:8; Je 14:10; Ho 8:13; 9:9; יִזָּכֵר ע׳ ψ 109:14; בקשׁ (ל)ע׳ Jb 10:6; Je 50:20; (6) פדה מע׳ ψ 130:8 ransom from iniquity. 2. Guilt of iniquity (not always easy to disting. from 1; SS give more, Buhl fewer, sub 2);—‖ תועבות Ez 36:31; ‖ דם Is 59:3; ‖ חמם Ez 9:9; ע׳ פעור Jos 22:17 (P); ע׳ סדם Ez 16:49; ע׳ בצעוֹ Is 57:17; שְׁנֵי עונם Ez 4:4; נִכְתָּם עֲוֹנֵךְ לְפָנַי Je 2:22 the guilt of thine iniquity is marked before me; מצא ע׳ Gn 44:16 (E) ψ 36:3. a. ע׳ בְ: guilt of iniquity upon one Nu 15:31 (P) 1 S 20:8; 2 S 14:32; לא ע׳ לִי Jb 33:9 (‖ זַךְ); בלי־עון ψ 59:5 without my guilt. b. guilt, as great, increased: רֹב עָוֹן Je 13:22; 30:14, 15; Ez 28:18; Ho 9:7; לֹא־שָׁ��ֵם ע׳ Gn 15:16 (J); ע׳ עָֽבְרוּ רֹאשִׁי ψ 38:5; ע׳ עֲקֵבַי יְסוּבֵּנִי 49:6; ע׳ הִשִּׂיגוּנִי 40:13; ע׳ גברו מני 65:4; עַם כֶּבֶד ע׳ Is 1:4; בע׳ נלקח Ez 33:6. c. as a condition, בע׳: d. חוללתי was I brought forth ψ 51:7; e. גָּוַע expire Jos 22:20 (P); c. מות die Je 31:30; Ez 3:18, 19; 18:17, 18; 33:8, 9. 3. Consequence of, or punishment for, iniquity (SS include most of these under 2, and do not recognize 3; Buhl thinks this meaning rare, giving only Gn 4:13; Is 5:18);—אִם יִקְּ֯רֵךְ ע׳ בדבר הזה 1 S 28:10 no punishment shall happen unto thee for, etc.; נשׂא ע׳ bear the punishment for iniquity of others Ex 28:38; Lv 10:17 (take away ע׳ Di Nowii. 233 n.) 16:22; Nu 30:16 (P), Ez 4:4, 5, 6; בע׳ 18:19, 20(×2); one’s own, Ex 28:43 Lv 5:1, 17; 7:18; 17:16; 19:8; 20:17, 19; 22:16; Nu 5:31; 14:34; 18:1(×2), 23 (P), Ez 14:10; 44:10, 12; גדול ע׳מנשׂוא Gn 4:13 (J) my punishment is greater than I can bear; נִרְצָה עֲוֹנָהּ Is 40:2 her punishment is accepted, cf. רצה ע׳ Lv 26:41, 43 (H); ומצאנוּ ע׳ 2 K 7:9 punishment will overtake us; תנה ע׳ על ע׳ ψ 69:28 add punishment to their punishment; ע׳ הוא יסבל Is 53:11 the consequences of their iniquities he shall bear, cf. ע׳ סָבָ֑לְנוּ La 5:7; הפגיע בו ע׳ Is 53:6; נִקָּה מע׳ freed from punishment Nu 5:31 (P) Jb 10:14; בי אני העון 1 S 25:24 on me the punishment; עלי הע׳ 2 S 14:9; בע׳ c. various vbs.: Gn 19:15 (J) Lv 26:39(×2) (H) ψ 31:11; 106:43; Je 51:6; Ez 4:17; 7:16; 24:23; 39:23; עת ע׳ קץ 21:30, 34; 35:5; see also: Pr 5:22 (‖ חַבְלֵי חטאת), Is 30:13; 64:5, 6; La 4:22; Ez 4:4; 14:10(×2); 32:27.

אֲרוֹן c. art. הָאָרוֹן, הָאָרֹן203 n.m. Ex 35, 12 (f. 1 S 4, 17; 2 Ch 8, 11) chest, ark (Ph. ארן, sarcophagus, Assyrian êrênu (& êrû) chest ZimBP 6, 22, Arabic إِرَانٌ chest, so Aramaic ܐܰܪܘܽܢܳܐ also Nab. ארנא, Vog p. 102, Ph. Mish. also pl. ארונות)—only sg.; abs. †אֲרוֹן 2 K 12:10 = 2 Ch 24:8; c. art. הָאָרוֹן Dt 10:2 + always except Ex Lv Nu where הָאָרֹן (Ex 25:14(×2) + 13 times Ex, Lv 16:2 Nu 3:31; 10:35); cstr. אֲרוֹן Ex 25:10 +, †אֲרֹן Ex 30:6 Nu 4:5; 7:89;— †1. chest, for money-offerings 2 K 12:10, 11 2 Ch 24:8, 10, 11(×2). †2. sarcophagus, mummy-case, of Joseph Gn 50:26 (E). 3. chest, ark in tabernacle & temple, containing tables of law, with cherubim above, the especially seat of י׳ among his people, only Hex (71 times) S (61 times) K (12 times) & Ch (48 times) + Ju 20:27 Je 3:16 ψ 132:8; used alone & in various combinations (cf. SeyringZAW 1891, 114 f.). a. indef. אֲרוֹן עֲצֵי שִׁטִּים an ark of shittim-wood Ex 25:10; Dt 10:3 cf. v 1. b. def. הָא׳ Ex 25:14 + 54 times (Hex P, except Jos JE; S K Ch). c. א׳ יהוה Jos 4:11 + 32 times Jos (JED) S K Ch. d. א׳ אֱלֹהִים †1 S 3:3; 4:11; א׳ הָאֱלֹהִים 1 S 4:13 + 32 times S Ch (but 1 S 14:18(×2) read הָאֵפוֹד 𝔊 We Dr), cf. א׳ אֱלֹהֵינוּ †1 Ch 13:3. e. א׳ אלהי יִשְׂרָאֵל 1 S 5:7 + 6 times S, term used only by Philistines; א׳ יהוה אלהי יִשְׂרָאֵל †1 Ch 15:12, 14; א׳ יהוה אֱלֹהֵיכֶם †Jos 4:5 (JE); א׳ אֲדֹנָי יהוה †1 K 2:26; א׳ יהוה אֲדוֹן כָּל־הָאָרֶץ †Jos 3:13 (JED) cf. אדון כל־הארץ [הברית] א׳ v 11, where הברית (c. art. is prob. interpol., v. Di, only once & late the long phrase א׳ האלהים יהוה יוֹשֵׁב הַכְּרוּבִים אֲשֶׁר נִקְרָא־שֵׁם 1 Ch 13:6. f. in combination with בְּרִית, largely D & under D’s influence; ארון הַבְּרִית ark of the covenant †Jos 3:6(×2), 8; 4:9; 6:6 (all JED); א׳ בְּרִית יהוה Nu 10:33; 14:44 (both J) Dt 10:8; 31:9, 25; Jos 4:7, 18; 6:8; 8:33 Je 3:16 + 17 times S K Ch; once longer א׳ בְּרִית י׳ צְבָאוֹת ישֵׁב הַכְּרֻבִים †1 S 4:4; also א׳ בְּרִית הָאֱלֹהִים †Ju 20:27; 1 S 4:4; 2 S 15:24; 1 Ch 16:6; & א׳ בְּרִית י׳ אלהיכם Dt 31:26 Jos 3:3. g. אֲרוֹן הָעֵ��וּת ark of the testimony, only in P, corresponding to א׳ בְּרִית (cf. Di on Ex 25:16), Ex 25:22 + 8 times Ex, †Nu 4:5; 7:89 Jos 4:16. h. †א׳ הַקֹּדֶשׁ 2 Ch 35:3. i. א׳ עֻזֶּךָ֑ the ark of thy strength 2 Ch 6:41 ψ 132:8.—(Cf. also tables given by Seyringl.c. & his theory as to earliest designation of ark.)

[שָׁחָה172] vb. bow down (NH id.; J Aram. שְׁחִי (rare); akin to שׁוח, שׁחח);— Qal Imv. fs. שְׁחִי Is 51:23 bow down. Hiph. Impf. 3 ms. sf. יַשְׁחֶ֑נָּה Pr 12:25, fig., anxiety depresses it (sc. לֵב; opp. שִׂמֵּחַ). Hithpaʿlēl170 (Ges§ 75 kk) Pf. 3 ms. הִשְׁתַּחֲוָה Ez 46:2; 2 ms. הִשְׁתַּחֲוִ֫יתָ Dt 4:19 + 3 times; 1 s. הִשְׁתַּחֲוֵ֫יתִי 1 S 16:4 + 2 times; 3 mpl. הִשְׁתַּחֲווּ Je 8:2, etc.; Impf. יִשְׁתַּחֲוֶה 2 S 15:32 + 3 times; apoc. יִשְׁתַּ֫חוּ Is 44:17 +; 3 mpl. יִשְׁתַּחֲווּ Gn 49:8 +; 2 fpl. תִּשְׁתַּחֲוֶ֫יןָ Gn 33:6; 37:7, etc.; Imv. fs. הִשְׁתַּחֲוִי ψ 45:12; mpl. הִשְׁתַּחֲווּ 29:2 +; Inf. cstr. הִשְׁתַּחֲוֹת Gn 37:10 +; sf. הִשְׁתַּחֲוָיָ֙תִי֙ 2 K 5:18 (but 𝔊 𝔙 and mod. -חֲוֹתוֹ); Pt. מִשְׁתַּחֲוֶה 2 K 19:37, etc.; מִשְׁתַּחֲוִיתֶם Ez 8:16, read -וִים all mod.;— 1. bow down, prostrate oneself, before a monarch or superior, in homage, etc.: a. c. ל, after descriptive cl. (especially with קדד, נפל 3 b, q.v.), 1 S 24:9; Gn 43:28 (J) 2 S 14:4, 22; Ru 2:10; 1 K 1:31; 2 K 4:37 + 6 times, + (after כָּרַע) Est 3:2(×2), 5. b. c. ל, sq. phr. (לפני) על אפים ארצה 2 S 14:33 1 K 1:23; לאפים Gn 48:12 (E) 2 S 18:28; אפים Gn 42:6 (E) + 4 times; om. אפים 33:3 (J) + 3 times; עַל כַּפּוֹת רַגְלַיִךְ Is 60:14. c. c. לְ pers. only, Gn 23:7 (P) 27:29(×2); 37:9 (E), 49:8 Ex 11:8 (J) + 8 times; c. לפני Gn 23:12 (P); c. אל Is 45:14 (‖ התפלּל); abs. Gn 33:6, 7(×2) (J), Ex 18:7 (E) 2 S 9:8; 16:4; Is 49:7. 2. before God, in worship, etc.: a. c. לְ, after descriptive phr.: קדד ארצה Ex 34:8 (J); ארצה om. Gn 24:26, 48 (J) + 4 times; כרע אפים ארצה 2 Ch 7:3; כרע 29:29; נפל ארצה Jb 1:20; נפל לפני 2 Ch 20:18. b. sq. phr.: קדד וישׁ׳ ל׳ אפים ארצה Ne 8:6; ארצה ל׳ Gn 24:52 (J); השׁ׳ ונכרעה ψ 95:6; השׁ׳ ל׳ בְּהַדְרַת קֹדֶשׁ 29:2; 96:9 = 1 Ch 16:29; אֶל־הֵיכָל (looking towards) ψ 5:8; 138:2; לַהֲדֹם רגלים 99:5; 132:7. c. c. לְ only: 1 S 1:28 (but read וַתַּנִּחֵהוּ 𝔊L and mod.), 15:25; Je 7:2 ψ 66:4 + 9 times; c. לפני Dt 26:10; Is 66:23 + 4 times; c. בְ loc. Is 27:13; c. לְ loc. ψ 99:9; abs. Gn 22:5 (E) Ju 7:15 + 5 times; acc. loc. Ex 33:10 (E) Je 26:2 Ez 46:3; לפני (ה)מזבח Is 36:7 = 2 K 18:22 = 2 Ch 32:12; c. על loc. Gn 47:31 (J) 1 K 1:47 Ez 46:2; מֵרָחֹק afar off Ex 24:1 (E). d. before angel in theoph.: after cl. c. נפל, קדד, Jos 5:14; Nu 22:31; sq. אפים ארצה Gn 19:1; ארצה 18:2 (all J). 3. before other gods: abs. Is 2:20; 44:15, 17; 46:6; acc. loc. 2 K 5:18(×3); 19:37 = Is 37:38; c. לְ, Ex 20:5 = Dt 5:9 (10 words), Ex 23:24 (E), Nu 25:2 (J), Jos 23:7 (D), Dt 8:19; 11:16; 1 K 16:31 + 34 times; c. על, Lv 26:1 (H); לפני 2 Ch 25:14 (‖ קטּר).

† קָדַשׁ vb. denom. be set apart, consecrated (Gerber238 ff.);— Qal Pf. 3 ms. ק׳ Ex 29:21; sf. קְדַשְׁתִּיךָ Is 65:5; 3 mpl. קָדֵ֑שׁוּ Nu 17:2; Impf. 3 ms. יִקְדַּשׁ 1 S 21:6; יִקְדָּ֑שׁ Ex 29:37 +, etc.;— 1. be set apart, consecrated, hallowed, of shew-bread 1 S 21:6 (dub. passage, but cf. especially RSSem. i. 436; 2nd ed. 455 [also DrSm. 293], who proposes יְקֻדַּשׁ); Aaron and his sons by blood Ex 29:21 (P); other persons Is 65:5 (Di; but Pi. Gei RSSem. i, 431; 2nd ed. 451 Che Du Buhl). 2. be hallowed, by contact with sacred things, and so tabooed from profane use, or forfeited to sanctuary Ex 29:37; 30:29 Lv 6:11, 20; Nu 17:2, 3 (P), Hg 2:12. 3. consecrated, tabooed (supr.) Dt 22:9 (law against mixtures). Niph. Pf. 3 ms. נִקְדַּשׁ Is 5:16 Ex 29:43, etc.; Impf. 3 ms. וַיִּקָּדֵשׁ Nu 20:13; 1 s. אֶקָּדֵשׁ Lv 10:3; Inf. cstr. sf. הִקָּֽדְשִׁי Ez 36:23; 38:16;— 1. shew oneself sacred, majestic: c. בְּ pers., + לְעֵינֵי Ez 20:41; 28:25; 36:23; 38:16; 39:27; c. בְּ Is 5:16 Ez 28:22, cf. Nu 20:13 (P). 2. be honoured or treated as sacred ‖ נכבד Lv 10:3 (P); opp. חלּל שׁם Lv 22:32 (P). 3. be consecrated, dedicated, by כבוד י׳ Ex 29:43 (P). Pi. Pf. 3 ms. קִדַּשׁ Nu 6:11 1 K 8:64, etc.; Impf. 3 ms. יְקַדֵּשׁ Gn 2:3 +, etc.; Imv. ms. קַדֵּשׁ Jos 7:13; קַדֶּשׁ־ Ex 13:2, etc.; Inf. cstr. קַדֵּשׁ Ex 29:1 +, etc.; Pt. מְקַדֵּשׁ Ex 37:28; sf. מְקַדִּשְׁכֶם Ex 31:13 +, etc.;— 1. set apart as sacred, consecrate, dedicate: a. places: Sinai Ex 19:23 (J), altar, etc., Ex 29:36, 37; 30:29 (P), tabern., etc. Ex 40:9, 10, 11 Lv 8:10, 11, 15; Nu 7:1(×2) (P); tent of meeting Ex 29:44 (P); place of sacrifice 1 K 8:64 = 2 Ch 7:7; gate Ne 3:1(×2);—Ez 7:24 v. מִקְדָּשׁ²" dir="rtl" >מִקְדָּשׁ infr. b. wave-offering Ex 29:27 (P). c. persons: priests Ex 28:3, 41; 29:1, 33, 44; 30:30; 40:13; Lv 8:12, 30; firstborn Ex 13:2 (P); keepers of ark 1 S 7:1. †d. 7th day (by God) Gn 2:3; Ex 20:11 (P). 2. observe as holy, keep sacred: feasts, Sabbath Ex 20:8 = Dt 5:12 (Decal.), Je 17:22, 24, 27; Ez 20:20; 44:24; Ne 13:22; fast Jo 1:14; 2:15; year of Jubilee Lv 25:10 (P); so עצרה לבעל 2 K 10:20. 3. honour as sacred, hallow: a. God Dt 32:51, his name Ez 36:23. b. priest Lv 21:8 (H). 4. consecrate by purification: a. places, house of י׳ 2 Ch 29:5, 17(×2), altar מִטֻּמְאֹה, Lv 16:19. b. people העם Jos 7:13 (J), Ez 44:19; 46:20; by washing Ex 19:10, 14 (E); קהל for fast Jo 2:16; Nazirite Nu 6:11 (P), sons of Job Jb 1:5; family for sacrif. 1 S 16:5. c. war, or warriors, from custom of opening campaign by sacrifice, (עַל) ק׳ מִלְחָמָה Je 6:4 Jo 4:9 Mi 3:5; Je 22:7; 51:27, 28. d. of God, keeping his people pure and sacred: אני יהוה מְקַדֵּשׁ Ex 31:13; Lv 20:8; 21:8, 15, 23; 22:9, 16, 32 (H); Ez 20:12; 37:28. Pu. Pt. מְקֻדָּשׁ Ez 48:11, etc.;—consecrated, dedicated: priests 2 Ch 26:18 Ez 48:11 (read pl.), things 2 Ch 31:6, feasts Ezr 3:5, warriors Is 13:3. Hiph. Pf. 3 ms. הִקְדִּישׁ Zp 1:7 +, etc.; Impf. יַקְדִּישׁ Lv 27:16 + 4 times, יַקְדִּשׁ Lv 27:14, etc.; Imv. sf. הַקְדִּשֵׁם Je 12:3; Inf. abs. הַקְדֵּשׁ Ju 17:3; cstr. הַקְדִּישׁ 2 Ch 2:3 +, etc.; Pt. מַקְדִּישׁ Lv 27:15 +, etc. 1. set apart, devote, consecrate: a. places, temple 2 Ch 2:3, city Jos 20:7 (P). b. things Ex 28:38 Lv 22:2, 3 (P); 2 K 12:19; 1 Ch 23:13; 26:26, 27, 28(×2); Ne 12:47 (×2); money Ju 17:3(×2); spoil 2 S 8:11(×2) = 1 Ch 18:11; field Lv 27:16, 17, 18, 19, 22 (H); house Lv 27:14, 15 (H); firstlings Dt 15:19 (D) Lv 27:26 (H). c. of God: consecrate temple 1 K 9:3, 7 = 2 Ch 7:16; 20, 2 Ch 30:8; 36:14; prophet Je 1:5; firstborn Nu 3:18; 8:17 (P); devote wicked (as sheep) for sacrifice Je 12:3. 2. regard, or treat, as sacred, hallow: God Is 8:13; 29:23(×2); + לְעֵינֵי pers. Nu 20:12; 27:14. 3. consecrate by purification: vessels 2 Ch 29:19; persons for passover 30:17; guests for sacrif. feast Zp 1:7 (God subj.). Hithp. Pf. 1 s. הִתְקַדִּשְׁתִּי Ez 38:23, 2 mpl. (consec.) -דִּשְׁתֶּם Lv 11:44; 20:7, 3 pl. הִתְקַדָּ֑שׁוּ 2 Ch 5:11; 30:17, etc.; Impf. 3 ms. יִתְקַדְּשׁוּ 2 Ch 29:34 +; יִתְקַדָּ֑שׁוּ Ex 19:22; Imv. mpl. הִתְקַדְּשׁוּ Nu 11:18 +; הִתְקַדָּ֑שׁוּ Jos 3:5; Inf. cstr. הִתְקַדֵּשׁ 2 Ch 29:34; הִתְקַדֶּשׁ־ Is 30:29; Pt. fs. מִתְקַדֶּשֶׁת 2 S 11:4; pl. מִתְקַדְּשִׁים Is 66:17;— 1. keep oneself apart from unclean things Lv 11:44; 20:7 (P). 2. of God, cause himself to be hallowed, לְעֵינֵי גּוֹיִם Ez 38:23. 3. be observed as holy, of feast Is 30:29. 4. consecrate oneself by purification, of priests and Levites Ex 19:22 (J); 1 Ch 15:12, 14; 2 Ch 5:11; 29:5, 15, 34(×2) 30:3, 15, 24; 31:18; 35:6; of people Nu 11:18; Jos 3:5; 7:13 (J); 1 S 16:5; 2 Ch 30:17; Is 66:17; woman 2 S 11:4 she having (just) purified herself מִטֻּמְאָתָהּ RSK. 276 Dr HPS.

† I. טָמֵא vb. be or become unclean (NH Pi. pollute (ceremonially); Aramaic טְמָא and especially deriv., ܛܰܡܰܐ Pa. pollute; v. RSK 307 ff.)— Qal Pf. 3 ms. ט׳ Lv 11:25 + 22 times; 3 fs. טָֽמְאָה 12:2 + 2 times; 2 fs. טָמֵאת Ez 22:4; pl. טָֽמְאוּ Lv 15:18; Impf. יִטְמָא Lv 5:3 + 34 times; 3 fs. תִּטְמָא 12:2 + 4 times; pl. יִטְמְאוּ ψ 106:39; Inf. טָמְאָה Lv 15:32 + 6 times;—be or become unclean: 1. sexually, c. בְּ Lv 18:20, 23 (H), Ez 23:17; the land Lv 18:25, 27 (H). 2. religiously, with idols Ez 22:3; c. בְ v 4; with necromancers Lv 19:31 (H); by sacrificing children to idols ψ 106:39. 3. ceremonially, by contact with carcasses of unclean animals Lv 11:24, 27, 28, 31, 32, 33, 34(×2), 35, 36, 40 (P); any carcass 17:15 (H); eating of a carcass 22:8 (H); by issues 15:4, 9, 20(×2), 24, 27, 32 (P); by contact with an unclean man 5:3; 15:4 (P), 22:5 (H), or thing 22:6 (H); by leprosy 13:14, 46; 14:36, 46 (P); by contact with the dead Nu 6:12; 19:20 (P), Ez 44:25, or with one unclean by such contact Nu 19:22 (P), Hg 2:13(×2); by contact with creeping things Lv 22:5 (H); certain animals were always unclean 11:26, 27 (P). In ordinary cases of uncleanness טמא עד הערב unclean till even Lv 11:24, 25, 27, 28, 31, 32, 39, 40(×2); 14:46; 15:5, 6, 7, 8, 10(×2), 11, 16, 17, 18, 19, 21, 22, 23, 27 Nu 19:7, 8, 10, 21, 22 (all P), Lv 17:15; 22:6 (H); but uncleanness lasted 7 days for woman bearing a son Lv 12:2(×2) (P), for man lying with woman having an issue 15:24 (P), or one coming in contact with the dead Nu 19:11, 14, 16 (P); it lasted 14 days for a woman bearing a daughter Lv 12:5 (P). Niph. Pf. 3 ms. נִטְמָא Ho 5:3; 6:10; 3 fs. נִטְמְאָה Nu 5:27, 28; נִטְמָ֑אָה 5:13 + 5 times; 1 s. נִטְמֵאתִי Je 2:23; 2 m.pl. נִטְמֵתֶם Lv 11:43 (א omitted by scribal error; but Ges al. derive from טמה), etc. + 4 times pf.; Pt. pl. נִטְמְאִים Ez 20:30, 31;—defile oneself, be defiled: 1. sexually, Lv 18:24 (H), Nu 5:13, 14(×2), 20, 27, 28, 29 (P). 2. by idolatry conceived as whoredom Ho 5:3; 6:10 Je 2:23 Ez 20:30, 31, 43; 23:7, 13, 30. 3. ceremonially, by eating creeping things Lv 11:43. 4. be regarded as unclean (cf. Pi. 4), prob. נִטְמִינוּ Jb 18:3 we are accounted as unclean; metapl. form; on another view v. טָמָה" dir="rtl" >טמה. Pi. Pf. טִמֵּא Gn 34:5 + 15 times; sf. טִמְּאוֹ Lv 13:8 + 3 times; 2 fs. טִמֵּאת Ez 5:11, etc. + 7 times Pf.; Impf. יְטַמֵּא 2 K 23:8, etc. + 12 times Impf.; Imv. pl. טַמְּאוּ Ez 9:7; Inf. טַמֵּא Lv 13:44 + 2 times; sf. טַמְּאָם 15:31, etc. + 4 times Inf.;—defile: 1. sexually Gn 34:5, 13, 27 (R), Ez 18:6, 11, 15; 22:11; 33:26; the land by sexual impurities of the people Lv 18:28 (H); Isr. by spiritual whoredom Ez 23:17. 2. religiously: the land, by bloodshed Nu 35:34 (P); by allowing the dead body of the murderer to hang on the tree over night Dt 21:23; by idolatry Je 2:7 Ez 36:17, 18; Isr. defiled the sacred places by the sacrifice of children Lv 20:3 (H), Ez 23:38, and God defiled him thereby 20:26; he defileth the sacred places by idolatry 2 Ch 36:14 Je 7:30 = 32:34, Ez 5:11; the holy name of י׳ 43:7, 8; Josiah defiled the idolatrous places of worship by destroying them and making them unfit for use 2 K 23:8, 10, 13, 16; of Isr. defiling idolatrous images Is 30:22, and the nations the temple of God ψ 79:1. 3. ceremonially: by ceremonial uncleanness, the sacred places Lv 15:31 Nu 19:13, 20 (P); the camp Nu 5:3 (P); the temple by dead bodies Ez 9:7; the Nazirite’s head of separation by a death occurring in his presence Nu 6:9 (P); the people defile themselves (נפשׁתיכם) by creeping things Lv 11:44 (P). 4. pronounce or declare ceremonially unclean: the leper Lv 13:3, 8, 11, 15, 20, 22, 25, 27, 30, 44(×2), 59 (P); unclean animals 20:25 (H). Pu. Pt. נַפְשִׁי לֹא מְטֻמָּאָה Ez 4:14 myself is not polluted. Hithp. Impf. יִטַּמָּא Lv 21:1 + 4 times; pl. יִטַּמְּאוּ Ez 14:11; 37:23; יִטַּמָּ֑אוּ Ho 9:4 Ez 44:25, etc. + 6 times Impf.;—reflexive, defile oneself: by eating of an unaccepted peace-offering Ho 9:4; c. בְּ Lv 18:24, 30 (H), 11:43 (P), Ez 14:11; 20:7, 18; 37:23; c. לְ for a dead person Lv 21:1, 3, 11 (H), Nu 6:7 (P); by Lv 11:24 (P); without prep. 21:4 (H), Ez 44:25. Hothp. Pf. אַהֲרֵי אֲשֶׁר הֻטַּמָּ֑אָה Dt 24:4 after that she has been defiled (sexually); on form v. Ges§ 54. 3.

προφήτ-ης, ου, Doric dialect and Boeotian dialect προφάτας [ᾱ], α, Refs 6th c.BC+ (πρό, φημί):— properly one who speaks for a god and interprets his will to man, Διὸς π. interpreter, expounder of the will of Zeus, of Tiresias, Refs 5th c.BC+; Βάκχου π., perhaps of Orpheus, Refs 5th c.BC+; [Διονύσου] π., of the Bacchae, Refs; Νηρέως π., of Glaucus, Refs; especially of the Delphic Apollo, Διὸς π. ἐστὶ Λοξίας πατρός Refs 4th c.BC+; of the minister and interpreter at Delphi, Refs 5th c.BC+; at the Ptoön,Refs 2nd c.BC+; compare προφῆτις. __2 title of official keepers of the oracle at Branchidae, Refs 1st c.AD+; elsewhere, Refs 2nd c.BC+ __2.b in Egyptian temples, member of the highest order of the clergy, priest, π. θεῶν Εὐεργετῶν Refs 3rd c.BC+ __3 interpreter, expounder of the utterances of the μάντις (which see), Refs 5th c.BC+ __4 possessor of oracular powers, of Amphiaraus, Refs 4th c.BC+; of Pseudo-Bacis, Refs 5th c.BC+; of Epimenides, NT __5 generally, interpreter, declarer, ἐγὼ π. σοι λόγων γενήσομαι Refs 5th c.BC+; π. ἀτόμων, of the Epicureans, Refs 2nd c.AD+; τῶν Πύρρωνος λόγων, of Timon, Refs 2nd c.AD+; spokesman, LXX __5.b metaphorically, proclaimer, harbinger, κώμου προφάτας, of the wine-bowl, Refs 5th c.BC+ __II herald at the games, Refs 5th c.BC+ __III in LXX, revealer of God's will, prophet, LXX __III.2 in NT, inspired preacher and teacher, organ of special revelations from God, NT; and (as comprised in this), __III.2.b foreteller, prophet of future events, NT __III.3 herbalist, Ps.-Refs 1st c.AD+; quack doctor, Refs 2nd c.AD+

זָבַח134 vb. slaughter for sacrifice (NH id., Ph. זבח; Assyrian zibû DlPr 174 cf. LotzTP 174; Arabic ذَبَحَ, Sab. דֿבח CIS iv. 1, 2, No.; 74 l. 11, 12; Aramaic דְּבַח, ܕܒܰܚ, Ethiopic ዘብሐ ) Qal112 Pf. ז׳ 1 K 8:63; 13:2, זָבַחְתָּ Ex 20:24 + 3 times, זָבַחְתִּי Ez 39:19, זָֽבְחוּ Ex 34:15 Lv 17:5, זְבַחְתֶּם Ex 8:24, זָבַחְנוּ Ex 8:23; Impf. וַיִזְבַּח Gn 31:54 + 14 times; 2 ms. sf. תִּוְבָּחֶנּוּ Dt 15:21, 2 fs. sf. וַתִּזְבָּחִים Ez 16:20, 1 s. אֶזְבַּח ψ 116:17, אֶזְבְּחָה ψ 27:6; 54:8 Jon 2:10; 2 mpl. תִּזְבְּחוּ Lv 19:5 + 2 times, תִּזְבָּ֑חוּ Lv 22:29 + 2 times; 1 pl. נִוְבְּחָה Ex 3:18 +, etc. (61 times Impf.); Imv. זְבַח ψ 50:14, זִבְחוּ Ex 8:21 ψ 4:6; Inf. cstr. זְבֹחַ 1 S 15:15 + 14 times, לִזְבּוֹחַ 2 Ch 11:16, בְּזָבְחוֹ 2 S 15:12; Pt. act. זֹבֵחַ Ex 13:15 + 8 times, זוֹבֵחַ Is 66:3, pl. זֹבְחִים Lv 17:5 + (20 times Pt.)— I. slaughter for sacrifice 1. c. acc. of a. kind of sacrifice ז׳ זֶבַח Gn 31:54 +, †פֶּסַח Dt 16:2, 5, 6, †שְׁלָמְים Dt 27:7 Jos 8:31, †תּוֹדָה ψ 50:14, 23, †עֹלוֹת ושׁלמים Ex 20:24 (E); cf. 23:18. b. victims, (α) animals †בָּקָר וָצֹאן 1 K 8:63 Nu 22:40, †צאן ובקר 2 Ch 18:2, †הַבְּרִיאָה Ez 34:3, †כָּל־פֶּטֶר רֶחֶם Ex 13:15 (J); †פָּרִים וְאֵילִים 1 Ch 15:26, שׁוֹר וָשֶׂה Dt 17:1; (β) mankind †בָּנִים וּבָנוֹת ψ 106:37 Ez 16:20, †זֹבְחֵי אָדָם sacrificers of mankind Ho 13:2 (so Ra AE Hi Wü MV men that sacrifice AV RV after Ki, so Pu Ew Ke Now Che SS). c. †תּוֹעֲבַת מִצְרַיִם Ex 8:22(×2) (E), †מָשְׁחָת Mal 1:14. 2. absolute 1 S 1:3 + often 3. c. לְ of deity, †לְדָגוֹן Ju 16:23, †לַשְּׂעִירִם Lv 17:7 (H), †לַשֵּׁדִים Dt 32:17 ψ 106:37; other gods Ex 34:15 (JE) +; but usually ליהוה Ex 3:18 + 9 times JE, Lv 17:5; 19:5; 22:5 (all H, not elsewhere in P), Dt 15:21; 16:2; 17:1; 1 S 1:3 +; †לֵאלֹהֵי אָבִיו Gn 46:1 (E), לאלהים ψ 50:14, †לאדני Mal 1:14. 4. with local prep. בְּ Gn 31:54 (E) +, עַל Ex 20:24 (E) +; לפני Lv 9:4 (P) +, על פני השׂדה Lv 17:5 (H). II. slaughter for eating (connected also with sacrifice, as all eating of flesh among ancient Hebrews was sacrificial, RSSem 219) 1 S 28:24 (fat calf for Saul), Ez 34:3 (fat sheep for shepherds), 2 Ch 18:2 (sheep and oxen for Jehoshaphat, c. לְ of person); cf. Dt 12:15; v 21 (abs.), 1 K 19:21. III. slaughter in divine judgment Ez 39:17–19 c. acc. זִבְחִי (Gog and Magog as feast for vultures), 1 K 13:2 2 K 23:20 (priests of high-places on their own altars). †Pi.22 Pf. זִבַּח 2 Ch 33:22, זִבְּחוּ ψ 106:38, זִבֵּ֑חוּ Ho 12:12; Impf. יְזַבֵּחַ Hb 1:16, יְזַבֵּ֑חוּ Ho 4:13, 14; 11:2 (7 times Impf.) Inf. cstr. לְזַבֵּחַ 1 K 12:32; Pt. מְזַבֵּחַ 1 K 3:3, pl. מְזַבְּחִים 2 Ch 5:6 + 8 times, מְזַבְּחוֹת 1 K 11:8;—sacrifice, 1. of the abundant sacrifices made to Yahweh by Solomon 1 K 8:5 = 2 Ch 5:6, and Hezekiah 2 Ch 30:22, and prob. intensive; but 2. elsewhere of sacrifice to other deities, possibly iterative in some cases, but certainly not in all: לַבְּעָלִים Ho 11:2, לֵאלֹהֵיהֶן 1 K 11:8, לַעֲגָלִים 12:32, לְחֶרְמוֹ Hb 1:16, לַעֲצַבֵּי כְנָ֑עַן ψ 106:38, לֵאלֹהֵי דַּרְמֶשֶׂק 2 Ch 28:23, לְכָל־הַפְּסִילִים 33:22; or in unlawful places עַל־רָאשֵׁי הֶהָרִים Ho 4:13 cf. v 14, בַּגִּלְגָּל 12:12, בַּבָּמוֹת 1 K 3:2, 3; 22:44 2 K 12:4; 14:4; 15:4, 35, 16:4 = 2 Ch 28:4. It is used without direct obj. Ho 4:14 and often; also c. acc. of victim שְׁוָרִים Ho 12:12 צֹאן וּבָקָר 1 K 8:5 = 2 Ch 5:6; sons and daughters ψ 106:38, זִבְחֵי שְׁלָמִים 2 Ch 30:22.

��� III. [חָלַל] vb. pollute, defile, profane; Hiph. also begin (lit. untie, loosen, open, v. Arabic) (Arabic خَلَّ untie, undo, become free, lawful, free from obligation or tie; iv. make lawful; x. esteem lawful or free, profane, desecrate, violate; NH חלל be profane, desecrated (also Pi. Hiph. transit.), cf. Aramaic חֲלַל; ܚܰܠܶܠ Pa. is purify, ܐܰܚܶܠ Aph. is profane)— Niph. Pf. נִחָ֑ל Ez 25:3, נִחַלְתְּ (-תִּי Co) Ez 22:16, נִחֲלוּ Ez 7:24; Impf. יֵחָ֑ל Is 48:11, תֵּחֵל Lv 21:9, וָאֵחַל Ez 22:26; Inf. הֵחֵל Ez 20:9, 14, 22, sf. לְהֵחַלּוֹ Lv 21:4.— 1. reflex. pollute, defile oneself a. ritually, by contact with dead ‖ טמא, Lv 21:4 (H) b. sexually ‖ זנה Lv 21:9 (H). 2. Pass., be polluted, defiled, of holy places Ez 7:24; 25:3, name of God Ez 20:9, 14, 22 Is 48:11 and even God himself Ez 22:16, 26. Pi. Pf. חִלֵּל Lv 19:8 + 3 times; sf. חִלְּלוֹ Dt 20:6; 2 ms. חִלַּלְתָּ Gn 49:4 + 3 times; 2 fs. חִלָּ֑לְתְּ Ez 22:8; 3 pl. sf. חִלְּלוּהֻ֯ Ez 7:21 etc., + 16 times Pf.; Impf. יְחַלֵּל Lv 21:12, 15, 23; sf. יְחַלְּלֶנּוּ Dt 20:6; pl. יְחַלְּלוּ Lv 21:6 + 4 times, יְחַלֵּ֑לוּ ψ 89:32 etc., + 13 times Impf.; Inf. חַלֵּל Am 2:7 + 4 times; חַלְּלוֹ Ez 23:39 + 4 times; חַלְּלָם Je 16:18; Pt. מְחַלֵּל Ez 24:21 pl. מְחַלְּלִים Mal 1:12 Ne 13:17; sf. מְחַלֲלֶיהָ Ex 31:14; f. מְחַלֶּלֶת Lv 21:9;— 1. defile, pollute: a. sexually, Gn 49:4 (poem) = 1 Ch 5:1 (the father’s bed); a woman = זנה Lv 19:29; 21:9 (H); זַרְעוֹ Lv 21:15 (H). b. ceremonially, profane, the altar by a tool Ex 20:25 (JE); sacred places Lv 21:12, 23 (H), Ez 7:21, 22(×2), 23:39; 24:21; 44:7 Zp 3:4 Mal 2:11 ψ 74:7 Dn 11:31; the holy land Je 16:18; sacred things Lv 19:8; 22:9, 15 (H) Nu 18:32 (P) Ez 22:26; the sabbath Ex 31:14 (P), Is 56:2, 6 Ez 20:13, 16, 21, 24; 22:8; 23:38 Ne 13:17, 18; and so the sanctity of the prince of Tyre who made himself God, and his holy places, Ez 28:7, 16, 18. c. the name of God Lv 18:21; 19:12; 20:3; 21:6; 22:2, 32 (all H), Am 2:7 Je 34:16 Ez 20:39; 36:20, 21, 22, 23 Mal 1:12, God himself Ez 13:19. d. י׳ defiles or profanes his inheritance by giving it over to Babylon Is 47:6; the princes of the sanctuary by giving them to Chaldeans Is 43:28. 2. violate the honour of, dishonour, י׳ subj., crown of Davidic kingdom ψ 89:40 (sq. לארץ pregn.), kingdom of Judah La 2:2; the גאון כל צבי Is 23:9. 3. violate a covenant ψ 55:21; 89:35 Mal 2:10, the חקות of God ψ 89:32. 4. treat a vineyard as common (v. חֹל) by beginning to use its fruit Dt 20:6(×2); 28:30 Je 31:5 (v. the law Lv 19:23–25, H). Pu. Pt. שְׁמִי הַגָּדוֹל הַמְֿחֻלָּל בַּגּוֹיִם Ez 36:23 my great name which is profaned among the nations. Hiph. 1. a. Impf. לֹא אַחֵל אֶת־שֶׁם־קָדְשִׁי עוֹד Ez 39:7 I will not let my holy name be profaned any more; cp. 20:9. b. לֹא יַחֵל דְּבָרוֹ he shall not violate his word Nu 30:3 (P). 2. begin, Pf. הֵחֵל Gn 6:1 + 15 times, הֵחֵ֫לָּה Ju 20:40, הַחִלּוֹתָ Dt 3:24 Est 6:13, הַחִלֹּתִי Dt 2:31 1 S 22:15, הֵחֵ֫לּוּ Ezr 3:6 + 6 times; Impf. יָחֵל Ju 10:18; 13:5, וַיָּ֫חֶל Gn 9:20 + 5 times, 3 fs. וַ֫תָּחֶל Ju 13:25; 16:19, 2 ms. תָּחֵל Dt 16:9, אָחֵל Dt 2:25 Jos 3:7, וַיָּחֵ֫לּוּ Ju 20:31 + 3 times, וַתְּחִלֶּינָה Gn 41:54, תָּחֵ֫לּוּ Ez 9:6; Imv. הָחֵל Dt 2:24, 31; Inf. cstr. הָחֵל 1 S 3:12 + 2 times; sf. הַחִלָּם Gn 11:6; Pt. מֵחֵל Je 25:29;—begin, Nu 17:11, 12 (P) Dt 16:9 2 Ch 29:27(×2); so 2 S 24:15 𝔊 We Dr. (𝔊 inserts וְ��ַמַּגֵּפָה הֵחֵ֫לָּה בָּעָם bef. וַיָּ֫מָת); c. Inf. (ל) begin to Gn 41:54 (E), Gn 6:1; 10:8 = 1 Ch 1:10, Gn 11:6 Nu 25:1 (all J), Dt 2:25, 31; 3:24; 16:9 Jos 3:7 (D), Ju 10:18; 13:5, 25; 16:19, 22; 20:31, 39, 40 1 S 3:2; 14:35; 22:15 2 K 10:32; 15:37 1 Ch 27:24 2 Ch 3:1, 2; 29:17; 31:7, 10, 21; 34:3(×2) Ezr 3:6 Ne 4:1 Est 6:13; 9:23; Je 25:29 Jon 3:4; c. ו consec. Gn 9:20 (J) Ezr 3:8; c. בְּ begin with Gn 44:12 (J), Ez 9:6, 2 Ch 20:22; so 2 S 24:5, read וַיָּחֵ֫לּוּ for וַיַּחֲנוּ 𝔊L We Dr; c. מן begin from Ez 9:6; הָחֵל רָשׁ begin! possess! Dt 2:24, 31; הָחֵל וְכַלֵּה beginning and ending 1 S 3:12 (i.e. accomplishing my full purpose, v. Dr). Hoph. Pf. אָו הוּחַל לִקְרֹא בְּשֵׁם י׳ then it was begun (= men began) to call on the name of י׳ Gn 4:26 (J). Note. —וַיָּחֵלּוּ מְעַט מִמַּשָּׂא Ho 8:10 begin to be minished by reason of the burden RV Hi al.; Wü Now read וְיָחִלוּ (I. חול, חיל)—for om. of dagh. v. also וְיָחֵלוּ of Cod. Bab.—shall be in anguish a little for the burden, so Ra AV; Ew וְיָחִלוּ that they may wait (?) a little; 𝔊 וחדלו מעט ממשׁח cease a little from anointing, so Che We, this probably best.

קָבַר132 vb. bury (NH id.; Ph. קבר, bury, קבר tomb; Arabic قَبَرَ, Assyrian ḳibîru, Aramaic קְבַר, ܩܒܰܪ, Nab. קבר, all bury; Palm. Nab. קברא tomb, so Sab. קבר HomChrest. 126 Liḥy. קבר bury; DHMEpigr. Denkm. No. 35, 2, 3, cf. מקבר(הם) burial-place CISiv, No. 20, 1, 2, 4);— Qal86 Pf. 3 ms. ק׳ Gn 23:19; 2 ms. sf. consec. וּקְבַרִתַּנְי 47:30, etc.; Impf. 3 ms. וַיִּקְבֹּר Dt 34:6; 2 K 21:26, etc.; Imv. קְבֹר Gn 23:6 +, etc.; Inf. abs. קָבוֹר Dt 21:23; cstr. לִקְבּוֹר Je 19:11 +, etc.; Pt. act. קֹבֵר 2 K 9:10 +, etc.; pass. קָבוּר 1 K 13:31, pl. קְבֻרִים Ec 8:10 bury, acc. pers., bones, etc., usually c. ב loc., 2 S 2:32; 1 K 13:31(×2) Gn 23:6 Jos 24:30, 32(×2) Ju 2:9 + 33 times; c. בֵּיתוֹ loc. 2 Ch 33:20 (בְּגַן־בֵּיתוֹ ‖ 2 K 21:18, also בְּבֵיתוֹ 1 S 25:1; 1 K 2:34); c. שָׁם Nu 11:34, תַּחַת 1 S 31:13 = 1 Ch 10:12; pregn. c. אֶל loc. Gn 23:19; 25:9; Ez 39:15; אֶל־אֲבֹתָ֑י Gn 49:29; cf. עִם־אֲבוֹתָיו 2 K 12:22; 15:7; 2 Ch 25:28; 26:23 (v. also Niph., and תָּבוֹא אֶל־אֲבֹתֶיךָ Gn 15:15); c. שָׁ֫מָּה Gn 23:13; 49:31(×3); 50:5; c. acc. pers. alone 2 S 2:4, 5 + 22 times; + מִלְּפָנַי Gn 23:4, 8; pass. Ec 8:10; acc. om. 2 K 9:10 + 3 times + (c. ב) 2 S 4:12. Niph.39 Impf. 3 ms. יִקָּבֵר Je 22:19, etc.;—be buried Gn 15:15 Je 8:2; 16:4, 6; 25:33 (+ אסף), as read perhaps Ez 29:5 for תִּקָּבֵץ (+ id.); קְבֻרַת חֲמוֹר יִקּ׳ Je 22:19; usually c. ב loc. Gn 35:19 Ju 8:32 + 6 times Ju, 2 S 17:23; 1 K 2:10, 34 + 16 times K Ch (+ עִם־אֲבוֹתַיו 1 K 14:31; 15:24 + 6 times; עִם־מַלְכֵי יִשְׂר׳ 2 K 13:13; 14:16); c. שָׁם Nu 20:1 + 3 times; c. תַּחַת, מִתַּחַת Gn 35:8. †Pi. bury (in masses), c. acc.: Impf. 3 fs. sf. תְּקַבְּרֵם Ho 9:6; Inf. cstr. לְקַבֵּר 1 K 11:15; Pt. pl. מְקַבְרִים Nu 33:4 Ez 39:14; as n. intens., of office, burier, sg. מְקַבֵּר Je 14:16, pl. הַמּ׳ Ez 39:15. †Pu. Pf. 3 ms. שָׁ֫מַּה קֻבַּר אַבְרָהָם Gn 25:10.

ἀρχῐερ-εύς, έως, ὁ: Ionic dialect ἀρχῐέρεως, εω, Refs 5th c.BC+:— arch-priest, chief-priest, [same places], frequently in Inscrr., νήσουRefs 1st c.AD+, etc.:—at Rome, = pontifex, Refs 1st c.AD+; ἀ. μέγιστος, = pontifex maximus, Refs:—at Jerusalem, high-priest, LXX+NT

† קָדוֹשׁ adj. sacred, holy;—abs. ק׳ Ex 19:6 +; קָדשׁ Ex 29:31 +; cstr. קְדוֹשׁ Is 1:4 +; קְדשׁ Is 49:7 + 2 times; sf. קְדשִׁי Hb 1:12; קְדוֹשׁוֹ Is 10:17; 49:7 קְדוֹשְׁכֶם Is 43:15; pl. קְדוֹשִׁים Ho 12:1 + 2 times, קְדשִׁים Lv 11:44 + 16 times; sf. קְדשָׁיו Dt 33:3 ψ 34:10, קְדשָׁו֯ Jb 15:15;— 1. of God, as separate, apart, and so sacred, holy: a. exalted on theophanic throne Is 6:3(×3), ψ 22:4; heavenly throne Is 57:15; in victory 5:16 1 S 2:2 ψ 99:3 (‖ נוֹרָא), v 5, 9; ק׳ וְנוֹרָא שְׁמוֹ 111:9. b. separate from human infirmity, impurity, and sin: Jos 24:19 (E), 1 S 6:20 Hb 1:12; כי קדושׁ אני Lv 11:44, 45; 19:2; 20:26; 21:8 (H); קדושׁ בְּקִרְבְּךָ Ho 11:9; ק׳ בישׂראל Ez 39:7. c. קְדוֹשׁ יִשְׂרָאֵל = divine name (originating from trisagion, Is 6:3) Is 1:4; 5:19, 24; 10:20; 12:6; 17:7; 29:19; 30:11, 12, 15; 31:1; Is 2 41:14, 16, 20; 43:3, 14; 45:11; 47:4; 48:17; 49:7; 54:5; 55:5; 60:9, 14 elsewhere only 2 K 19:22 = Is 37:23, Je 50:29; 51:5 ψ 71:22; 78:41; 89:19; ק׳ יעקב Is 29:23, קְדוֹשׁוֹ 10:17; 49:7, קְדוֹשְׁכֶם 43:15; קָדוֹשׁ 40:25 Hb 3:3; Jb 6:10, pl. intens. קד(ו)שׁים Ho 12:1; Pr 9:10; 30:3. 2. a. of place, sacred, holy, chambers of priests Ez 42:13, camp of Isr. Dt 23:15, + מָרוֹם of heaven Is 57:15 (but of י׳ Du Ry, and [reading בְּק׳ as holy, ב essent.] Klo Che Marti); in foll. (often defect.) pointing dub., read prob. קֹדֶשׁ 2: מק(ו)ם ק׳ of the court of tabernacle, Ex 29:31 Lv 6:9, 19, 20; 7:6; 10:13; 16:24; 24:9 (P), of Jerusalem Ec 8:10; ק׳ מִשְׁכְּנֵי עליון ψ 46:5; ק׳ הֵיכָלֶ֑ךָ 65:5. b. persons: priests Lv 21:7, 8; Nu 16:5, 7 (P), Aaron ψ 106:16, Levites 2 Ch 35:3, prophet 2 K 4:9, Nazirite Nu 6:5, 8 (P), Isr. גּוֹי ק׳ Ex 19:6 (E), עם ק׳ Dt 7:6; 14:2, 21; 26:19; 28:9; כָּל־הָעֵדָה Nu 16:3 (P); remnant in Jerus. Is 4:3; קדשׁים sacred Lv 11:44, 45; 19:2; 20:7, 26; 21:6; Nu 15:40; קדשׁים sacred ones, saints Dt 33:3 (song), ψ 16:3; 34:10 Dn 8:24. c. angels, ψ 89:6, 8 Jb 5:1; 15:15; Zc 14:5 Dn 8:13(×2). d. מים קדשׁים Nu 5:17 holy water. e. time הַיּוֹם ק׳ (לי׳) Ne 8:9, 10, 11; קְדוֹשׁ י׳ Is 58:13, of Sabbath.—(Cf. Biblical Aramaic קַדִּישׁ).

ἀγάπ-η, ἡ, love, LXX+2nd c.BC+ O; of the love of husband and wife, Refs 2nd c.AD+ __2 especially love of God for man and of man for God, LXX+1st c.AD+:—also brotherly love, charity, NT __II in plural, love-feast, NT __III alms, charity, Refs 4th c.AD+ __IV ἀγάπη θεῶν, title of Isis, Refs 2nd c.AD+

[קָטַר115] vb.denom. Pi. Hiph. make sacrifices smoke, send them up in smoke (proposes produce קְטֹרֶת, v StaZAW vi (1886), 298 f.);— Pi.42 Pf. 3 mpl. קִטְּרוּ Je 19:13 +, קִטַּרְתֶּם Je 44:21, 23; Impf. 3 ms. יְקַטֵּר Hb 1:16 +; 3 mpl. יְקַטֵּר֑וּן Ho 11:2, etc.; Inf. abs. קַטֵּר 1 S 2:16 +; cstr. Je 11:13 +, Pt. pl. מְקַטְּרִים Is 65:3 +, etc.;—make sacrifices smoke, offer them by burning: to י׳, 1 S 2:16 (where prob. read יְקַטְּרוּן [and so v 15] Stal.c. 299): elsewhere to other gods or in illegal worship, Je 44:23; c. acc. קִטֵּר (but see this, infr.) Je 44:21 (here [and al. in some other passages] of incense), תּוֹדָה Am 4:5; place is usually c. ב, e.g. בַּבָּמוֹת 2 K 17:11; 23:5; עוֹד הָעָם מְזַבְּחִים וּמְקַטְּרִים בַּבָּמוֹת 1 K 22:44; 2 K 12:4; 14:4; 15:4, 35 (R), cf. 2 K 16:4 = 2 Ch 28:4 (cf. RSSem. i. 471; 2nd ed. 490); הַבּ׳ אֲשֶׁר קִטְּרוּ שָׁמָּה 2 K 23:8; c. עַל e.g. על הגבעות Ho 4:13, על גג(ו)ת Je 19:13; 32:29, על הלבנים Is 65:3, על ההרים v 7; c. לְ of deity, Ho 11:2; Je 1:16 + 14 times Je (+ 19:13; 32:29 supr.), Hb 1:16; 2 K 22:17; 23:5; 2 Ch 25:14; 28:25; 34:25 Qr (> Kt Hiph.), to the brazen serpent 2 K 18:4. Pu. Pt. מְקֻטֶּרֶת מֹר וגו׳ Ct 3:6 fumigated with myrrh, etc. (Aq. 𝔙 Schlottm מִקְטֹרֶת). Hiph.71 Pf. 3 ms. הִקְטִיר Lv 9:10 +; 2 ms. הִקְטַרְתָּ Ex 29:13, 18, 25, etc.; Impf. 3 ms. יַקְטִיר Lv 4:26; 16:25, וַיַּקְטֵר Ex 40:27 +, etc.: Imv. ms. הַקְטֵר 2 K 16:15; Inf. abs. הַקְטֵיר 1 K 9:25; cstr. לְהַקְטִיר Ex 30:20 +; Pt. מַקְטִיר Je 33:18 +, etc. 1. make sacrifices smoke, usually a. in worship of י׳: abs. 1 K 12:33; 13:1; 2 Ch 29:11; c. acc. חלב Lv 17:6; Nu 18:17; 1 S 2:15, 16, עלת 2 K 16:13, 15; 2 Ch 13:11, אִשֶּׁה Ex 30:20; Lv 2:11; Nu 18:17, מנחה Je 33:18; רֹאשׁ etc. Lv 8:20 אַזְכָּרָה Lv 2:16; חלבי השׁלמים Lv 6:5; קטרת 1 S 2:28; on 1 K 9:25 v. Klo Benz; place is על מזבח Lv 4:10 + 5 times, הַמִּזְבֵּ֫חָה Ex 29:13, 18, 25 + 23 times Lv, Nu 5:26 (all P); c. הַמִּזְבֵּחַ (acc.) Lv 6:8; בַּבָּמוֹת 1 K 3:3; בגיא בן הִנִּם 2 Ch 28:3. b. less often in worship of other gods. לאלהיהן (gods of Sol.’s wives) 1 K 11:8, לאלהיו (of Moab) Je 48:35, להם (Baalim) Ho 2:15;—2 Ch 34:25 read Qr Piʿel. 2. cause incense to smoke, offer incense abs. 2 Ch 2:5; 26:18(×2), 19; c. עַל of altar 2 Ch 26:16; Ex 30:7; 40:27; c. acc. יַקְטִירֶנָּה 30:7, 8, קטרת סמים 30:7; 40:27; 2 Ch 2:3, קטרת תמיד Ex 30:8, הק׳ קטרת Nu 17:5; 2 Ch 29:7. 3. make smoke upon (על) both altars (of burnt-offering and of incense) 1 Ch 6:34, cf. also 23:13. Hoph. be made to smoke as a sacrifice: Impf. 3 fs. תָּקְטָ֑ר Lv 6:15;Pt. מֻקְמָר Mal 1:11 (Ew Ke al.[Ges§ 121 b]; We Now read מ׳ לִשְׁמִי מִנְחָה; but v. מֻקְטָר).

† כִּפֶּר vb.Pi etc. denom. cover over (fig.), pacify, make propitiation;— Pi Pf. כִּפֶּר Ex 30:10 + 31 times; 2 ms. sf. כִּפַּרְתָּ֑הוּ Ez 43:20; 3 mpl. יְכַפְּרוּ Ez 43:26; 2 mpl. כִּפַּרְתֶּם Ez 45:20; Impf. יְכַפֵּר Ex 30:10 + 10 times; יְכַפֶּר־ Lv 7:7 Nu 5:8; sf. יְכַפְּרֶנָּה Pr 16:14; 1 s. אֲכַפֵּר 2 S 21:3; אֲכַפְּרָה Gn 32:21 Ex 32:30, etc.; Imv. כַּפֵּר Dt 21:8 + 4 times; Inf. כַּפֵּר Ex 30:15 + 28 times; sfs. כַּפְּרִי Ez 16:63; כַּפֶּרְךָ Ex 29:36; כַּפְּרָהּ Is 47:11;— 1. cover over, pacify, propitiate; אֲכַפְּרָה פָנָיו בַּמִּנְחָה Gn 32:21 let me cover over his face by the present (so that he does not see the offence, i.e. pacify him; E; RSOTJC, 2d ed., 381 ‘wipe clean the face,’ blackened by displeasure, as the Arabs says ‘whiten the face’); וְתִפֹּל עָלַיִךְ הֹוָה לֹא תוּכְלִי כַּפְּרָהּ Is 47:11 and disaster will fall upon thee, thou wilt not be able to propitiate it (by payment of a כֹּפֶר, see Is 43:3); pacify the wrath of a king Pr 16:14 (e.g. by a gift). 2. cover over, atone for sin, without sacrifice: a. man as subj., בַּמָּה אֲכַפֵּר 2 S 21:3, with what shall I cover over (viz. the bloodguiltiness of the house of Saul, says David. The answer is by a death penalty of seven sons of the guilty house); בְּעַד חטאתכם Ex 32:30 on behalf of your sins (JE; Moses, by intercession); c. על of persons Nu 17:11, 12 (P; by incense), 25:13 (P when Phinehas slays the ringleaders). b. with God as subj., c. acc. pers., cover, i.e. treat as covered, view propitiously, Yahweh’s land Dt 32:43 (song); לְ pers. Dt 21:8 (bloodguiltiness flows away in the stream), Ez 16:63; בְּעַד of person 2 Ch 30:18; c. acc. of the sin ψ 65:4; 78:38, prob. also Dn 9:24 (‖ ח֯תם חטאת; עַל of sin, ψ 79:9 Je 18:23 (‖ מחה). It is conceived that God in his sovereignty may himself provide an atonement or covering for men and their sins which could not be provided by men. 3. cover over, atone for sin and persons by legal rites, in the codes of H, P, and Ez: abs. וכ׳ הַכֹּהֵן and the priest shall make atonement Lv 16:32; a. c. acc. of sacred places (by the great sin-offering of the day of atonement), Lv 16:20, 33(×2); also Ez 43:20, 26; 45:20 (by the blood of the sin-offering ‖ חִטֵּא, טִהַר). b. usually c. עַל (1) of things, e.g. of the altar to which the blood of the sin-offering was applied Ex 29:36, 37; 30:10; Lv 8:15 (‖ קִדַּשׁ), 16:18; and specifically the horns of the altar Ex 30:10 the holy place of the tabernacle Lv 16:16 (by the great sin-offering, because of (מִן) the uncleannesses of the children of Israel and because of their transgressions); for the leprous house by ceremony of purification Lv 14:53 (‖ טִהַר); for the goat לעזאזל Lv 16:10 (which was presented before Yahweh to consecrate him for the bearing away of the sins of the people). (2) of persons, על־נפשׁתיכם, for your persons, yourselves, e.g. by the payment of atonement-money כֶּסֶף הַכִּפֻּרִים at the census Ex 30:15, 16; by the קרבן of the spoils Nu 31:50; by the blood upon the altar Lv 17:11; in the ritual עֲלֵיהֶם, עָלָיו by ministry of priest through the blood of the sin-offering Lv 4:20, 31; 8:34; 10:17; 12:7, 8; 14:19, 31; 16:30, 33; 23:28; Nu 8:12, 21; 15:25, 28(×2); 28:22, 30; 29:5; 2 Ch 29:24 Ne 10:34; of the trespass-offering Lv 5:16, 18, 26; 7:7; 14:21; 19:22; Nu 5:8; the whole burnt-offering Lv 1:4; 14:20; 16:24; by the oil used in purifying a leper Lv 14:18, 29; by the תרומה Ez 45:15; by the priestly ministry in general 1 Ch 6:34; by the substitution of the Levites for the firstborn Nu 8:19. Underlying all these offerings there is the conception that the persons offering are covered by that which is regarded as sufficient and satisfactory by Yahweh. (The purpose of the covering is stated Lv 16:30 יְכַפֵּר עֲלֵיכֶם לְטַהֵר אֶתְכֶם מִכֹּל חַטֹּאתֵיכֶם לִפְנֵי י׳ תִּטְחָ֑רוּ = shall atonement be made for you to cleanse you, from all your sins shall ye be clean before Yahweh, and Nu 8:21 וַיְכַפֵּר עֲלֵיהֶם לְטַהֲרָם and (Aaron) made atonement for them to cleanse them.) c. the need of the atonement is expressed by מִן: others understand מִן as = away from; cf. Di Lv 4:26, RiSühne 50 f.. מֵחטאתו because of his sin Lv 4:26; 5:6, 10; 16:34; מטמאתו Lv 14:19; 16:16; מזוב Lv 15:15, 30; מֵאֲשֶׁר חָטָא Nu 6:11; also עַל, עַל־חַטָּאתוֹ on account of his sin Lv 4:35; 5:13; 19:22; על־שׁגגתוֹ Lv 5:18. d. c. בְּ instr. בְּאֵיל Lv 5:16; 19:22; Nu 5:8; with a trespass-offering Lv 7:7; כִּי־הַדָּם הוּא בַּנֶּפֶשׁ יְכַפֵּר Lv 17:11 for it is the blood with the living being that covers over (H, see נפשׁ 3 (a); RV by reason of the life after De Di Kn Bähr Kau and most moderns; AV follows 𝔊 𝔙 𝔗, so Ges Ew§ 282 a. Anm. 1: ‘for the soul’); c. בְּ loc. בַּקֹּדֶשׁ Lv 6:23; 16:17, 27 e. c. בַּעַד pers., on behalf of Lv 9:7(×2); 16:6, 11, 17, 24 (by Aaron), Ez 45:17 (by the prince). Pu Pf. כֻּפַּר Ex 29:33 Is 28:18 (but read תֻּפַר,—√ I. פרר,—so 𝔗 Hu We Che SS al. v. BrMP 209); Impf. יְכֻפַּר Nu 35:33; + 3 times; 3 fs. תְּכֻפָּ֑ר Is 6:7 be covered over, atoned for. 1. apart from the ritual, חטאתך תכפר Is 6:7 thy sin shall be covered over (‖ וְסָר עֲוֹנֶךָ; by the touch of the live coal from the altar); אִם־יְכֻפַּר הֶעָוֹן הַזֶּה לָכֶם Is 22:14 surely this iniquity shall not be covered over for you; c. בְּ instr. בזאת יכפר עון Is 27:9 by this shall the iniquity of Jacob be covered over (‖ הסר חטאתו; namely by the destruction of idolatrous objects); בחסד ואמת יכפר עון Pr 16:6 by mercy and fidelity iniquity is covered over. 2. c. לְ for whom, לארץ לא יכפר לדם Nu 35:33 for the land atonement cannot be made, in view of the blood shed in it, except by the blood of the shedder of blood; in the ritual of P, c. בְּ instr. אֲשֶׁר כֻּפַּר בָּהֶם Ex 29:33 wherewith atonement was made (ram of consecration). Hithp. Impf. יִתְכַּפֵּר 1 S 3:14; c. בְּ instr. אִם־יִתְכַּפֵּר עֲוֹן בֵּית־עֵלִי בְּזֶבַח וּבְמִנְחָה the iniquity of the house of Eli shall not be covered by peace-offering or minchah (in other words there was no atonement for it; cf. Pu Is. 22:14). Nithp. (Ges§ 55, 9 Pf. וְנִכַּפֵּר לָהֶם הַדָּם Dt 21:8 and the blood shall be covered for them.

a Pharisee, Separatist (from pharash, to distinguish) , one of a sect who separated themselves from other Jews as affecting superior holiness. (from Middle LSJ)

† טָהֵר vb. be clean, pure (Arabic طَهَرَ, طَهُرَ id.; NH id., Pi. make or declare ceremonially clean; Aramaic טְהַר emptiness, טִיהֲרָא brightness; Sab. טהר Hal 682; Ethiopic አጥሀረ, ተጣሀረ purify, wash oneself with water)— Qal Pf. ט׳ Lv 11:32 + 12 times; 3 fs. טָֽהֲרָה Lv 12:7; 15:28; טָהֵ֑רָה Lv 12:8 etc., + 5 times Pf.; Impf. יִטְהַר Lv 15:13 Jb 4:17 etc., + 9 times Impf.; Imv. טְהָ֑ר 2 K 5:10, 13;— 1. be clean, i.e. (miraculously) freed from leprosy by washing in the Jordan 2 K 5:10, 12, 13, 14. 2. be clean ceremonially (only H P), Lv 15:13, 28(×2) (P), 22:4 (H); by washing with water, the flesh Lv 22:7 (H); garments Lv 13:6, 34, 58 Nu 31:24 (all P); both flesh and garments Lv 17:5 (H), 14:8, 9; 15:13 Nu 19:19 (all P); other articles Lv 11:32 (P); passing things through the fire Nu 31:23 (P); offering sin-offerings Lv 12:7, 8; 14:20 (P); by the ceremony of the two birds Lv 14:53 (P); by ashes of red heifer Nu 19:12(×2) (P). 3. be clean morally, of people, made clean by י׳’s scattering clean water upon them Ez 36:25; of Jerus., specif. made clean from idolatry, under fig. of adultery Je 13:27; also sq. מִן Ez 24:13(×2) (purification by י׳); made clean מִכָּל־חַטֹּאתֵיכֶם Lv 16:30 (P; by the sin-offering of the atonement day); also of the individual, be clean מֵחַטָּאוֹת Pr 20:9 (‖ זכה); become clean by use of hyssop ψ 51:9 (‖ אַלְבִּין); more generally אִם־מֵעֹשֵׂהוּ יִטְהַר־גָּ֑בֶר Jb 4:17 shall a man be more pure than his maker? (‖ יִצְדָּ֑ק). Pi. Pf. טִהַר Lv 13:3 + 4 times; sf. טִהֲרוֹ Lv 13:6 + 5 times; 2 ms. טִהַרְתָּ Nu 8:6, 15 etc. + 7 times Pf.; Impf. יְטַהֵר 2 Ch 34:5 etc. + 4 times Impf.; Imv. sf. טַהֲרֵנִי ψ 51:4; Inf. cstr. טַהֵר Ez 39:12 + 5 times; sf. טַהֲרִי Ez 36:33 etc. + 4 times Inf.; Pt. מְטַחֵר Lv 14:11 Mal 3:3;—chiefly P; 1. cleanse, purify: a. physically, metals from dross Mal 3:3; land from corpses Ez 39:12, 14, 16; heavens from clouds Jb 37:21; temple from unclean things 2 Ch 29:15, 16, 18; land and city from Asherim and images 2 Ch 34:3, 5, 8; store-chambers of temple from household stuff Ne 13:9; priesthood by exclusion of alien blood Ne 13:30. b. ceremonially, the altar of incense by the blood of the annual sin-offering Lv 16:19 (P); the people, gates, and wall (by some undefined ceremony) Ne 12:30; the altar of the court by the blood of sin-offerings Ez 43:26; of consecration of Levites by מֵי חטאת Nu 8:6, 7 (P), and חטאת Nu 8:15, 21 (P). c. morally Lv 16:30 (P), Ez 37:23 Mal 3:3; מֵחַטָּאֹת ψ 51:4; מֵעונ(ות) Je 33:8 Ez 36:33; מִטּמא(ו)ת Ez 24:13; 36:25. 2. pronounce clean, ceremonially Lv 13:6, 13, 17, 23, 28, 34, 37, 59; 14:7, 48 (all P). 3. perform the ceremony of cleansing Lv 14:11 (P). Pu. Pf. 3 ms. טֹהַר 1 S 20:26 (so read for MT טהור 𝔊 We Dr, he is not clean, because he hath not been cleansed); Pt. אֶרֶץ לֹא מְטֹהָרָה a land not cleansed Ez 22:24 (but 𝔊 Hi Ew Co SS read a land not rained upon, v. מטר). Hithp. Pf. 3 pl. הִטָּֽהֲרוּ Ezr 6:20; הִטֶּהָ֑רוּ (Köi 271) 2 Ch 30:18; Nu 8:7; 1 pl. הִטַּהַרְנוּ Jos 22:17; Impf. יִטָּֽהֲרוּ Ne 12:30; Imv. הִטָּֽהֲרוּ Gn 35:2; Pt. מִטַּהֵר Lv 14:7 + 11 times; pl. מִטַּהֲרִים Ne 13:22 Is 66:17;—reflexive: 1. purify oneself: a. ceremonially, especially in preparation for sacred duties Gn 35:2 (R), Nu 8:7 2 Ch 30:18 Ezr 6:20 Ne 13:22; also for heathen mysteries Is 66:17; of purifying priests, people, and wall Ne 12:30 (cf. Pi. 1 b). b. morally Jos 22:17 (P). 2. present oneself for purification, only pt. הַמִּטַּהֵר the candidate for purificaion Lv 14:4, 7, 8, 11, 14, 17, 18, 19, 25, 28, 29, 31 (P).

† טָהור adj. clean, pure;—m. abs. ט׳ Ex 25:11 + 68 times; טָהֹר Lv 11:47 + 4 times; cstr. טְהוֹר Hab 1:13; טְהָו֯ר Pr 22:11; טֳהָר־ Jb 17:9; f. טְהוֹרָה Mal 1:11 + 3 times; טְהֹרָה Gn 7:2 + 8 times; mpl. טְהוֹרִים Ez 36:25 Ezr 6:20; טְהֹרִים Pr 15:26; fpl. טְהֹרוֹת Lv 14:4 ψ 12:7;— 1. ceremonially clean, of animals Gn 7:2(×2), 8(×2); 8:20(×2) (all J), Lv 14:4 (P), 20:25(×2) (H), Dt 14:11, 20; places Lv 4:12; 6:4; 10:14; 11:36 Nu 19:9 (all P); things Lv 10:10; 11:37, 47; 14:57 (P), Ez 22:26; 44:23 Is 66:20 Mal 1:11; persons Lv 7:19; 13:13, 17, 37, 39, 40, 41; 15:8 Nu 5:28; 9:13; 18:11, 13; 19:9, 18, 19 (all P), Dt 12:15, 22; 15:22; 23:11 1 S 20:26a + v 26b MT but read טֹהַר Pu., see טָהֵר" dir="rtl" >טָהֵר, 2 Ch 30:17 Ezr 6:20. 2. physically pure: of gold זָהָב Ex 25:11, 17, 24, 29, 31, 36, 38, 39; 28:14, 22, 36; 30:3; 37:2, 6, 11, 16, 17, 22, 23, 24, 26; 39:15, 25, 30 (all P), 1 Ch 28:17 2 Ch 3:4; 9:17; כֶּתֶם Jb 28:19; of water מַיִם Ez 36:25; of incense קְטֹרֶת Ex 30:35; 37:29 (P); of lamp stand מְנֹרָה Ex 31:8; 39:37 (P), Lv 24:4 (H); of the table שֻׁלְחָן Lv 24:6 (H), 2 Ch 13:11; clean, of turban Zc 3:5(×2). 3. ethically pure, clean Pr 30:12 Ec 9:2 Jb 14:4; of heart ψ 51:12 Pr 22:11; hands Jb 17:9; eyes Hab 1:13 (of God); words of men Pr 15:26; words of God ψ 12:7; law of י׳ as object of reverential fear ψ 19:10.

I. סָגַר vb. shut, close (NH id., Aramaic סְגַר, ܣܓܰܪ id.; Zinj. מסגרת prison Lzb328; Ph. סגר Pi. or Hiph. deliver over; poss. Ethiopic ሠገራት (prison) guard PräBAS i. 371);— Qal Pf. 3 ms. ס׳ Gn 19:6 +, 3 pl. סָֽגְרוּ 2 Ch 29:7, סָֽגְר֑וּ ψ 17:10 (cf. Baer’s n., Ges§ 29 o Köii. 1, 535 Anm.), סָנָר֑וּ Gn 19:10 Jos 2:7; Impf. יִסְגֹּר Jb 12:14 Mal 1:10, 1 pl. cohort. נִסְגְּרָה Ne 6:10, etc.; Imv. ms. סְגֹר ψ 35:3 Is 26:20 (וּסֲגֹר Baer Ginsb), mpl. סִגְרוּ 2 K 6:32; Inf. cstr. לִסְגּוֹר Jos 2:5; Pt. act. סֹגֵר Is 22:22; f. סֹגֶּרֶת Jos 6:1 (but v. infr.); pass. סָגוּר 1 K 6:20 + 12 times;— 1. shut door (דֶּלֶת) Gn 19:10 (J) 2 K 6:32 Mal 1:10 Ne 6:10 2 Ch 28:24; 29:7; gate (שַׁעַר) Jos 2:7 (JE) Ez 46:12, cf. 44:1, 2(×2); 46:1, וַיְהִי הַשּׁ׳ לִסְגֹּר Jos 2:5 (JE), also (שַׁעַר om.) Jos 6:1 (si vera l.; סֹגֶרֶת dittogr. according to Buhl Lex 13); door after one (אַחֲרֵי), on leaving room Gn 19:6 (J); upon, behind, oneself, from within (בְּעַד q.v.) 2 K 4:4, 5, 33 Is 26:20 (fig.), also (דֶּלֶת om.) Ju 9:51 2 K 4:21; c. דֶּלֶת + בְּעַד upon one left inside Ju 3:23, and (דֶּלֶת om.) Gn 7:16 (J); fig. ס׳ דַּלְתֵי בִטְנִי Jb 3:10, cf. ס׳ רַחְמָהּ 1 S 1:5, ס׳ בְּעַד רַחְמָהּ v 6 abs. shut (opp. פָּתַח) Is 22:22(×2); metaph. חֶלְבָּמוֹ ס׳ ψ 17:10 their fat (i.e. gross, unreceptive heart) they have closed. 2. a. close in upon (בְּעַד) Ju 3:22 (fat upon blade of sword), so poss. also וַיִּסְגֹּר בָּשָׂר תַּחְתֶּנָּה Gn 2:21 (J) and flesh closed in, in place of it (usually and he closed flesh, i.e. closed the gap with flesh); ס׳ עֲלֵיהֶם הַמִּדְבָּר Ex 14:3 the wilderness hath closed in upon them; obj. om., יִסְגֹּר עַל־אִישׁ Jb 12:14 he closeth in upon a man, fig. of imprisonment. b. close up breach (פֶּרֶץ) [in wall] of city 1 K 11:27; poss. close up [path] (si vera l.) ψ 35:3 Vrss Ol De Bae; JDMich DeW Ew Hup-Now Che take סְגֹר here as weapon, usually 4 [Gk. σάγαρις] of Massagetae Herod. i. 215 cf. LagGes Abh. 203, also Egyptian sagartá (loan-word) Bondi 55; both improb., text prob. corrupt; SchwallyZAW xi (1891), 258 reads חֲגֹר > HalRev. Sém. iii (1894), 47 עוּרָה (cf. ψ 59:5). 3. Pt. pass., closed up = closely joined with tight seal, Jb 41:7 (of scales of crocodile). 4. elsewhere only Pt. pass. in זָהָב סָגוּר, only of temple adornment and utensils 1 K 6:20, 21; 7:49, 50; 10:21 = 2 Ch 9:20; 4:20, 22; perhaps read סָגוּר (abbrev. for ז׳ ס׳) Jb 28:15 (for MT סְגוֹר, so Hoffm Bu Du); cf. Assyrian ḫurâṣu sakru, sagiru, DlHWB 499. Niph. Pf. 3 ms. נִסְגַּר 1 S 23:7; Impf; 3 ms. יִסָּגֵר Ez 46:2; 3 fs. juss. תִּסָּגֵר Nu 12:14, וַתִּסָּגֵר v 15; 3 mpl. יִסָּנֵר֑וּ Is 45:1; 60:11, וַיִּסָּֽגְרוּ Ne 13:19; Imv. ms. הִסָּגֵר Ez 3:24;— 1. subj. pers. be shut up [in city] 1 S 23:7, מִחוּץ לַמַּחֲנֶה Nu 12:14, 15 (E); בְּתוֹךְ בַּיִת Ez 3:24. 2. be shut, closed, of city gates Ez 46:2 Is 45:1; 60:11 and (דלתות) Ne 13:19. Pi. Pf. 3 ms. סִגַּר 1 S 26:8 2 S 18:28; sf. סִגְּרַנִי 1 S 24:19; Impf. 3 ms. sf. יְסַגֶּרְךָ 1 S 17:46;—deliver up to (leave no other opening for one, shut one up to), cf. [מָגַן" dir="rtl" >מָגַן], מָגֵן²" dir="rtl" >מִגֵּן, p. 171 b supr.), only S: c. acc. pers. + בְּיַד 1 S 17:46; 24:19; 26:8; בְּיַד om. 2 S 18:28 (v. also Hiph.). Pu. Pf. 3 ms. סֻגַּר Is 24:10; 3 pl. סֻגְּרוּ Je 13:19, וְסֻגְּרוּ consec. Is 24:22; Pt. f. מְסֻגֶּ֫רֶת Jos 6:1;—be shut up: 1. of cities Je 13:19 (opp. פָּתַח), of beleaguered city Jos 6:1 (JE), of houses Is 24:10 (+ מִבּוֹא). 2. of prisoners עַל־מַסְגֵּר Is 24:22 = down into a dungeon. 3. of doors Ec. 12:4. Hiph. Pf. 3 ms. הִסְגִּיר Lv 14:46 +; 2 ms. sf. הִסְגַּרְתַּ֫נִי ψ 31:9; 1 s. וְהִסְגַּרְתִּ֫י Am 6:8, etc.; Impf. 3 ms. יַסְגִּיר Jb 11:10, וַיַּסְגֵּר ψ 78:48, 62; 2 ms. תַּסְגִּר Dt 23:16, juss. תַּסְגֵּר Ob 14, etc.; Inf. cstr. הַסְגִּיר Am 1:6, sf. הַסְגִּירוֹ 1 S 23:20, הַסְגִּירָם Am 1:9;— 1. deliver up to (cf. Pi., c. acc. obj. + בְּיַד 1 S 23:11, 12, 20; 30:15 Jos 20:5 (D) ψ 31:9 La 2:7; + לְ Am 1:9 ψ 78:50, 62, and (acc. pers. om.) Am 1:6; + אֶל־ Dt 23:16 Jb 16:11; c. acc. of animal + לְ ψ 78:48; c. acc. pers. alone Dt 32:30 Ob 14, acc. om. 1 S 23:12; c. acc. urb. alone Am 6:8. 2. shut up (late; chiefly Lv 13, 14, P): a. c. acc. pers. Lv 13:5, 11, 21, 26 cf. v 4, 31, 33, so (abs.) = imprison Jb 11:10; c. acc. rei Lv 13:54 cf. v 50. b. c. acc. הַבַּיִת Lv 14:38 and (indef. subj. v 46.

† II. טָמֵא adj. unclean;—ט׳ Lv 5:2 + 58 times; cstr. טְמֵא 22:4 + 3 times; f. טְמֵאָה 5:2 + 11 times; cstr. טְמֵאַת Ez 22:5, 10; pl. טְמֵאִים Lv 11:8 + 10 times;—unclean, 1. ethically and religiously ט׳ שׂפתים Is 6:5(×2) unclean of lips; ט׳ השׁם Ez 22:5 defiled of name, infamous; טהור מִטּ׳ Jb 14:4. 2. ritually: a. of persons, ‖ טהור Dt 12:15, 22; 15:22 Ec 9:2; ט׳ נפשׁ Lv 22:4 (H); (אדם) ט׳ לנפשׁ unclean for a (dead) person Nu 5:2; 9:6, 7, 10 (P) = ט׳ נפשׁ Hg 2:13; elsewhere for various reasons Dt 26:14; Lv 5:2; 13:11, 36, 44, 45(×2), 46; 15:2, 25, 33 Nu 19:13, 17, 19, 20, 22 (all P), 2 Ch 23:19; Is 64:5 Ez 4:13; 22:10 La 4:15. b. of animals Lv 5:2(×4); 7:21(×2); 11:4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 26, 27, 28, 29, 31; 27:11, 27 Nu 18:15 (all P), Lv 20:25(×2) (H), Dt 14:7, 8, 10, 19. c. of things in gen. Lv 11:35(×2), 38; 15:26 Nu 19:15 (all P), Is 52:11; food Ju 13:4 Ho 9:3; houses Je 19:13; leprosy Lv 13:15, 51, 55; 14:44, 57 (P); offering Hg 2:14. d. persons and things in general כל טמא Lv 7:19, 21 (P); הבדיל בין הט׳ ובין הטהור Lv 10:10; 11:47; הודיע בין (ה)ט׳ לטהור Ez 22:26; 44:23; of aliens Is 52:1 (‖ עָרֵל), perhaps also 35:8. 3. specif. of places: מקום ט׳ unclean place (place of refuse away from holy place and human habitation) Lv 14:40, 41, 45 (P); טמאה ארץ land on the east of the Jordan separated from the land of the tabernacle of י׳ Jos 22:19 (P); so אדמה ט׳ a foreign land Am 7:17.

προσεύχομαι, future -ξομαιRefs 4th c.BC+:—offer prayers or vows, θεοῖς Refs 5th c.BC+ __2 with accusative, π. τὸν θεόν address him in prayer, Refs 5th c.BC+ __3 absolutely, offer prayers, worship, Refs 5th c.BC+; π. γλώσσῃ, πνεύματι, νοΐ, NT __II with accusative of things, pray for a thing, νίκην πολέμου Refs 5th c.BC+: c.infinitive, ἕλκειν τὸ βέδυ π. Refs 5th c.BC+; ζῆσαι προσεύχου pray for life, Refs with infinitive, NT; π. ἵνα.., περί τινων ὅπως, NT

[פָּלַל84] vb. prob. intervene, interpose (hence both arbitrate, judge, and intercede, pray, cf. Dr 1 S 2:25; NH פלל (rare), נתפלל, pray, פִּילּוּל act of prayer, פְּלִילָה judicial matter;—otherwise WeHeid. (2), 126 who conj. der. for הִתְפַּלֵּל from Arabic فَلَّ notch edge (of sword, etc.), i.e. cut oneself in worship);— †Pi. mediate, judge: Pf. 3 ms. consec., arbitrate, sf. וּפִלְלוֹ 1 S 2:25 (but read prob. 3 pl. וּפִלְלוּ We Dr al., word-play with יִתְפ׳ foll.); 2 fs. פִּלַּלְתְּ Ez 16:52 mediate for (ל pers.) viz., through thine own sins; 1 s. פִּלָּ֑לְתִּי Gn 48:11 (E; poss. denom. from פליל) I did not judge (have the opinion, expect) to see, etc.; Impf. 3 ms. וַיְפַלֵּל ψ 106:30 (abs.) he interposed (by slaying offender). Hithp.80 Pf. 3 ms. הִתְפַּלֵּל 1 K 8:42; 1 s. הִתְפַּלָּ֑לְתִּי 1 S 1:27, etc.; Impf. יִתְפַּלֵּל ψ 32:6 +; יִתְפַּלֶּל־ 1 S 2:25; 1 s. אֶתְפַּלָּ֑ל ψ 5:3, etc.; ei. הִתְפַּלֵּל Nu 21:7 +, etc.; Inf. cstr. הִתְפַּלֵּל Ez 10:1 +, etc.; Pt. מִתְפַּלֵּל Je 42:4 +, etc.;— 1. specif. intercede (with י׳), c. בעד, on behalf of Gn 20:7 Nu 21:7 (E) Dt 9:20; 1 S 12:23 + 6 times; c. לְ, 1 S 2:25; אֶל־יהוה Nu 11:2; 21:7 (JE) Dt 9:26; c. בעד + אל־יהוה 1 S 7:5; Je 29:7 + 4 times; אל־האלהים Gn 20:17 (E); c. על for pers. 2 Ch 30:18 Jb 42:8. 2. gen. pray, c. אֶל, unto idol Is 44:17; 45:20; unto Israel v 14; בוֹא אל־מקדשׁ להתפ׳ 16:12. 3. pray (to י׳), abs. 1 K 8:33; 2 K 6:17; Ezr 10:1; Dn 9:20; 2 Ch 6:24; 7:1, 14, c. אֶל־י׳ 1 S 1:26; 8:6; 2 K 4:33; 6:18; 20:2 = Is 38:2 = 2 Ch 32:24, + 10 times; הִתְפ׳ תפלה אֶל־י׳ 2 S 7:27;s 1 K 8:54; על יהוה 1 S 1:10 (read אֶל); לִפְנֵי 1 S 1:12; 1 K 8:28 + 5 times; c. לְ Dn 9:4; c. אֶל of thing prayed for 1 S 1:27; c. אֶל against 2 K 19:20 = Is 37:21 (read עַל); עַל־זֹאת because of this 2 Ch 32:20 ψ 32:6; c. אֶל loc.: אֶל־הַמָּקוֹם 1 K 8:29, 30, 35 = 2 Ch 6:20, 21, 26; אֶל־הַבַּית 1 K 8:42 = 2 Ch 6:32; c. acc. דֶּרֶךְ הָעִיר 1 K 8:44 = 2 Ch 6:34; דֶּרֶךְ אַרְצָם 1 K 8:48 = 2 Ch 6:38. 4. of poetical, liturgical prayer, abs. 1 S 2:1, c. אֶל Jon 2:2.

βαπτ-ίζω, dip, plunge, ξίφος εἰς σφαγήν Refs 1st c.AD+:—passive, of a trephine, Refs 1st c.AD+ — in passive, to be drowned, Refs 1st c.AD+; of ships, sink or disable them, Refs 2nd c.BC+; ἐβάπτισαν τὴν πόλιν flooded the city, metaphorically, of the crowds who flocked into Jerusalem at the time of the siege, Refs 5th c.BC+:—passive, ὡς ἐκ τοῦ βεβαπτίσθαι ἀναπνέουσι Refs 5th c.BC+; to be drenched, Refs 4th c.BC+soaked in wine, Refs 5th c.BC+; ὀφλήμασι βεβ. over head and ears in debt, Refs 1st c.AD+; γνοὺς βαπτιζόμενον τὸ μειράκιον seeing that he was getting into deep water, Refs 5th c.BC+ __2 draw wine by dipping the cup in the bowl, Refs 4th c.BC+ __3 baptize, τινά NT:—passive, βαπτισθήτω ἕκαστος εἰς ἄφεσιν ἁμαρτιῶν NT:—middle, dip oneself, LXX; get oneself baptized, NT:—passive, perform ablutions, NT

שָׁחַט84 vb. slaughter, beat (orig. beat, flay? cf. Assyrian šaḫâṭu, flay, take off dress; Arabic سَحَطَ slay (but ح = ḫ; is this loan-word in Arabic?); NH = BH, especially in ritual);— Qal Pf. 3 ms. שׁ׳ Je 39:6 +, sf. וּשְׁחָטוֹ consec. Lv 3:2, etc.; Impf. 3 ms. יִשְׁחַט Lv 4:24 +, 2 fs. וַתִּשְׁחֲטִי Ez 16:21, 3 mpl. sf. וַיִּשְׁחָט֫וּהוּ Ju 12:6; Imv. mpl. שַׁחֲטוּ Ex 12:21; 2 Ch 35:6; Inf. abs. שָׁחֹט Is 22:13; cstr. לִשְׁחֹט Gn 22:10, -וֹט Ez 40:39, sf. שַׁחֲטָם (Ges§ 64 a) Ez 23:39; Pt. act. שׁוֹחֵט Is 66:3, etc.; pass. שָׁחוּט 1 K 10:16 +, etc.;—slaughter: 1. beast for food 1 S 14:32, 34(×2); Is 22:13 (‖ הָרַג), cf. Lv 17:3(×2), for blood Gn 37:31 (E). 2. us. (51 times; Hex chiefly P, 38 times) term. techn. of killing sacrifice (BJacobZAW xvii (1897), 51), 1 S 1:25; Ex 29:11; 34:25 (J), Lv 1:5, 11; 4:24; 9:8; Nu 19:3; 2 Ch 29:22(×2), 24 +; abs. Ez 40:41 (אֶל loc.); bird Lv 14:5, 6, 50, 51; beast in illicit sacrifice Is 66:3; c. acc. of sacrifice (עוֹלָה, אָשָׁם, חַטָּאת, etc.) Ez 40:39 (אֶל loc.), v 42; 44:11; Lv 4:24; 7:2; 14:13 +; passover lamb †Ex 12:6, acc. הַפֶּסַח †v 21; 2 Ch 30:15; 35:1, 6, 11; Ezr 6:20. 3. slaughter pers. Ju 12:6 1 K 18:40; 2 K 10:7, 14 (אֶל loc.), 2 K 25:7 = Je 39:6a = 52:10a; Je 39:6b = 52:10b; 41:7; י׳ subj. Nu 14:16 (JE); in human sacrifice Gn 22:10 (E), to false gods Ez 16:21; 23:39; Is 57:5. 4. pt. pass. = beaten, hammered, זָהָב שָׁחוּט 1 K 10:16, 17 = 2 Ch 9:15a, 16, of shekels 2 Ch 9:15b; so also Je 9:7 Qr חֵץ שָׁחוּט (> Kt שׁוֹחֵט) hammered (i.e. sharpened) arrow. †Niph. Impf. 3 ms. יִשָּׁחֵט Nu 11:22 (J) be slaughtered for food (subj. beast); 3 fs. תִּשָּׁחֵט Lv 6:18(×2) (P) be slain, of sacrifice.

אָ֫וֶן85 n.m. Jb 5:6 trouble, sorrow, wickedness—abs. Nu 23:21 +; sf. אוֹנִי Gn 35:18 etc.; pl. אוֹנִים Ho 9:4— 1. trouble, sorrow בֶּן־אוֹנִי son of my trouble or sorrow Gn 35:18 (E); לֹא הִבִּיט אָוֶן בְּיַעֲקֹב Nu 23:21 (song of Balaam), he doth not behold trouble in Jacob (‖ he doth not see mischief— עָמָל—in Isr.); often ‖ עָמָל, ψ 7:15 (הִנֵּה יְחַבֶּל־אָוֶן lo he travaileth with trouble ‖ וְהָרָה עָמָל וְיָלַד שָׁ֑קֶר, yea he hath conceived misery & brought forth a lie), prob. thence Jb 15:35 (הָרֹה עָמָל וְיָלֹד אָוֶן) = Is 59:4; cf. עָמָל וָאָוֶן ψ 10:7; 55:11; 90:10; Jb 4:8; 5:6 Is 10:1 (v. עָמָל); also זוֹרֵעַ עַוְלָה יִקְצָר־אָוֶן Pr 22:8 the sower of iniquity shall reap trouble; in this sense elsewhere only Dt 26:14 Pr 12:21 Je 4:15 Hb 3:7 Am 5:5, pl. intens. לֶחֶם אוֹנִים bread of trouble, sorrow, or mourning Ho 9:4. 2. idolatry Ho 12:12; אָוֶן וּתְרָפִים הַפְצַ֑ר stubbornness is idolatry & (the use of) teraphim 1 S 15:23 (poet. source); בֵּית אָוֶן Ho 4:15 (for בֵּית אֵל because Bethel, house of God, is given over to idolatry) so also 5:8; 10:5 cf. בָּמוֹת א׳ Ho 10:8; בִּקְעַת א׳ Am 1:5 (Baalbek); בַּחוּרֵי א׳ read אוֹן, אֹן = On, Heliopolis Ez 30:17;—abstr. for concr. = idols Is 41:29; 66:3. 3. trouble of iniquity, wickedness, מְתֵי אָוֶן Jb 22:15; אַנְשֵׁי א׳ 34:36 = men of trouble, troublers, wicked men; cf. אִישׁ" dir="rtl" >אִישׁ א׳ Pr 6:12; Is 55:7; פֹּעֲלֵי אָוֶן workers of trouble, evil-doers, workers of iniquity Jb 31:3; 34:8, 22 ψ 5:6 + (16 times chiefly late ψ) Pr 10:29; 21:15 Is 31:2 Ho 6:8; מַחְשְׁבוֹת אָוֶן thoughts of trouble, wicked imaginations Pr 6:18 Is 59:7 Je 4:14; often of words & thoughts Jb 11:11 + (5 times) ψ 36:5 + (9 times) Pr 17:4; 19:28; 30:20 Is 29:20; 32:6; 58:9; 59:6 Ez 11:2 Mi 2:1 Hb 1:3 Zc 10:2; לֹא אוּכַל אָוֶן וַעֲצָרָה Is 1:13 I cannot bear iniquity with the solemn meeting (RV & most mod.; AV it is iniquity, even the solemn meeting).

גּוֹרָל77 n.m. Lv 16:8 & (†Jos 21:10, but v. infr.) f. lot, (NH id. & demon. Hiph. הִגְרִיל cast lots)—abs. ג׳ Jos 16:1 + 51 times; cstr. גּוֹרַל Jos 18:11 + 2 times, גֹּרַל Nu 36:3; sf. גּוֹרָלִי ψ 16:5, גֹּרָלִי Ju 1:3, גּוֹרָֽלְךָ Pr 1:14, גֹּרָֽלְךָ Dn 12:13, גּוֹרָלֶ֑ךָ Ju 1:3, גּוֹרָלֵךְ Je 13:25 Is 57:6, גּוֹרָלוֹ 1 Ch 26:14, גּוֹרָלָם Jos 18:11 + 2 times; pl. גּוֹרָלוֹת Jon 1:7 + 8 times, גֹּרָלוֹת Lv 16:8;—a lot cast for the decision of questions Pr 18:18, designation of persons, etc., for service or punishment, assignment of property, etc.; prob. stones put into the bosom-fold of a garment, Pr 16:33 (בַּחֵיק יוּטַל אֶת־הַגּ׳), or into a vessel, and shaken until one springs out (עָלָה, יָצָא, or—late—נָפַל); this was regarded originally as divine decision (cf. on Urim & Thummim p. 22, supr.); for the agent, the usual verbs are הִשְׁלִיךְ, יָרָה, נָתַן, and הִפִּיל. Particularly:— 1. lot for dividing land, especially that which Joshua cast at Shiloh לִפְנֵי י׳ Jos 18:6 (יָרָה) v 8, 10 (both הִשְׁלִיךְ; all three sq. לְ of pers. for whom; all JE); cf. 19:51 (P); so of lot coming up, or forth, עָלָה Jos 18:11 (cstr.; P), also sq. לְ pers. 19:10 (P), & foll. c. יָצָא 16:1 (JE), Nu 33:54 Jos 19:1, 17, 24, 32, 40; 21:4 (all P); be divided by lot יֵהָלֵק בְּג׳ Nu 26:55, or according to lot עַל־פִּי הַגּ׳ תֵּחָלֵק v 56; apportion by lot הִתְנַחֲלוּ בְּג׳ 33:54; 34:13, נַחַל בְּג׳ Jos 19:51; give by lot נָתַן בְּג׳ Nu 36:2 נָתַן בַּגּ׳ Jos 21:8 (all P) 1 Ch 6:50; have by lot הָיָה ל׳ בַּגּ׳ Jos 21:4, & (היה om.) v 5, 6 (all P) cf. 1 Ch 6:46, 48; also Jos 21:10 (P; הַגּ׳ רִאישֹׁנָה, only here f.; 𝔊—not 𝔊L—om. ראישׁנה, & so) ‖ 1 Ch 6:39; cf. further Is 34:17 (הִפִּיל לְ). 2. lot for assigning to service, duty or punishment, a. concerning the goats on day of atonement, Lv 16:8 (נָתַן עַל) v 8, 8 (sq. לְ); cf. v 9, 10 (עָלָה עַל; all P). b. assigning priests to their courses, singers, musicians & porters to their duties, by lot חָלַק בְּג׳ 1 Ch 24:5; הִפִּיל ג׳ v 31; 25:8; 26:13 (sq. לְ of position) v 14; of lot coming forth (יָצָא לְ pers.) 24:7 (cf. v 7, 18) 25:9 (cf. v 9–31) 26:14 cf. וַיֵּצֵא גּוֹרָלוֹ v 14. c. cast lots for dwelling in Jerus. (הִפִּיל ג׳) Ne 11:1 (sq. inf.) d. for supplying wood for altar-fire Ne 10:35 (הִפִּיל עַל); here belongs prob. also e. Ju 20:9 עָלֶיהָ בְּג׳, ref. to v 10 (determining who shall go up, and who supply provision) 𝔊 ἀναβησόμεθα ἐπʼ αὐτὴν ἐν κλήρῳ so Stu (insert perhaps נעלה), cf. AV RV, BuRS 151 (who reads נַפִּילָה בְּג׳); > 𝔖 Be Ke who ref. ג׳ here to division of land of captured city. f. to determine guilty persons Jon 1:7(×2) (both הִפִּיל) v 7 (נָפַל עַל); so appar. Ez 24:6 of inhab. of Jerus. under fig. of flesh in pot לֹא־נָפַל עָלֶיהָ ג׳ no lot is fallen over it, i.e. no discrimination is made, destruction is to include the whole city; (cf. also Jos 7:14 ff. 1 S 14:41 ff. where divine agency in detection is prominent but word גּוֹרָל not used). g. in allotting slaves Jo 4:3 אֶל־עַמִּי יַדּוּ ג׳; Na 3:10 (יַדּוּ עַל); so Ob 11 וְעַל־יְרוּשָׁלַםִ יַדּוּ ג׳,—all c. vb. ידד q.v. h. in distributing plundered garments ψ 22:19 (הִפִּיל על). i. to determine favourable day for a scheme, הִפִּיל Est 3:7 (לִפְנֵי הָמָן) 9:24 (sq. inf.; v. also פּוּר). 3. thing assigned, apportioned, allotted especially of land assigned by lot, allotment Jos 15:1; 17:1; 21:38 (all P), 17:14, 17 = portion, share (‖ נַחֲלָה; JE); cf. גֹּרַל נַחֲלָתֵנוּ Nu 36:3 (P), גּוֹרַל נַחֲלָתָם Jos 14:2 (P; but perhaps read abs. גּוֹרָל cf. Di); also גְּבוּל גּוֹרָלָם 18:11 (P) the boundary of their allotment; עָרֵי גוֹרָלָם 21:20 (P); v. further Ju 1:3(×2); so prob. Mi 2:5 הִשְׁלִיךְ חֶבֶל בְּג׳ (Hi Che; cf. also Ew); ψ 125:3, land, exposed to oppressive exaction; also fig. of י׳ as portion, allotment of his people ψ 16:5 (so Che, & on תָּמִיד for תּוֹמִיךְ cf. his crit. n.; v. also Ew; otherwise De al.;—‖ מְנָת חֶלְקִי); on the other hand, of idols Is 57:6 (‖ חֵלֶק); also עָמַד לְג׳ Dn 12:13, of allotted portion, share, in the Messianic consummation; more generally, one’s portion, lot, fortune גּוֹרָֽלְךָ תַּפִּיל בְּתוֹכֵנוּ Pr 1:14 cast thy fortune into the midst of us, in with us (‖ כִּיס אֶחָד יִהְיֶה לְכֻלָּנוּ). 4. portion = recompence, retribution Is 17:14 (‖ חֵלֶק), Je 13:25 (‖ מְנָת מִדַּיִךְ), both implying divine agency.

† I. בַּעַל166 n.m. owner, lord (Ph. בעל; Palm. id. husband Vog62 cf. BaeRel. 72 ff.; Assyrian bêlu l.c. DlGram. Gloss.; Arabic بعْلٌ husband etc., v. especially NöZMG 1886, 174, Sab. בעל CISiv. 1, 2)—Gn 20:3 + 92 times; sf. בַּעְלִי Ho 2:18; בַּעְלָהּ Dt 24:4 + 5 times; pl. בְּעָלִים Ju 2:11 + 17 times; cstr. בַּעֲלֵי Gn 14:13 + 27 times; sf. בְּעָלָיו Ex 21:29 + 14 times; בְּעָלֶיהָ Jb 31:39 + 2 times; בַּעְלֵיהֶן Est 1:17, 20;— I. 1. owner (often pl. c. sf. in sg. meaning): of ox Ex 21:28, 29(×2); 22:10, 11, 13, 14 (E); ב׳ הבור of pit Ex 21:34, 36 (E), of house Ex 22:7 (E) Ju 19:22, 23, debt Dt 15:2, the land Jb 31:39, the ass Is 1:3, goods Ec 5:10, riches Ec 5:12; ב׳ טוב one to whom good is due Pr 3:27, gain Pr 1:19; ב׳ שׂכל one having understanding Pr 16:22; ב׳ השׁחד receiver of the gift Pr 17:8. 2. husband Gn 20:3 Ex 21:3, 32 (E) Dt 22:22; 24:4 2 S 11:26 Jo 1:8 Pr 12:4; 31:11, 23, 28 Est 1:17, 20; בַּעְלִי Ho 2:18 (my Baal, reference to the divine name used in the northern kingdom, here for the first time forbidden). 3. citizens, inhabitants: בַּעֲלֵי of Jericho Jos 24:11 (E), of the high places of Arnon Nu 21:28 (E), of Shechem Ju 9:2 + 12 times, of the tower of Shechem Ju 9:46, 47, of the city Ju 9:51, of Gibeah Ju 20:5, of Keilah 1 S 23:11, 12, of Jabesh 2 S 21:12. 4. rulers, lords: בַּעֲלֵי גוֹיִם Is 16:8. 5. n. of relation: a. בַּעַל: ב׳ החלמות dreamer Gn 37:19 (E); ב׳ דברים whosoever hath cases, complaints Ex 24:14 (E); ב׳ שׂער an hairy man 2 K 1:8; ב׳ חמה wrathful Na 1:2 Pr 29:22; ב׳ אף one given to anger Pr 22:24; ב׳ החכמה one having wisdom Ec 7:12; ב׳ משׁחית destroyer Pr 18:9; ב׳ כנף winged thing, bird Pr 1:17 Ec 10:20; ב׳ נפשׁ one given to appetite Pr 23:2; ב׳ מזמות mischievous person Pr 24:8; ב׳ הלשׁון charmer Ec 10:11; ב׳ רשׁע one given to wickedness Ec 8:8; ב׳ פיפיות double-edged Is 41:15; ב׳ משׁפט adversary Is 50:8; ב׳ פקדת captain of the ward Je 37:13; ב׳ הקרנים two-horned Dn 8:6, 20. b. בַּעֲלֵי: בּ׳ בְּרִית confederates Gn 14:13; ב׳ חצים archers Gn 49:23 (poet.) ב׳ הפרשׁים horsemen 2 S 1:6; ב׳ שׁבועה conspirators Ne 6:18; ב׳ אספות members of assemblies; or well-grouped sayings; or collectors (of wise sentences) Ec 12:11.—On 2 S 6:2 v. ii. בַּעֲלָה²" dir="rtl" >בַּעֲלָה. (בַּעַל in Hex not J or P; בעל Lv 21:4 𝔊 ἐξάπινα = כבלּע Nu 4:20: Di בְּאֵבֶל). Especially II. lord, specif. as divine name, †Baal. 1. without article: במות בעל Nu 22:41 (poet. Balaam); בעל פעור Nu 25:3, 5 (E) Dt 4:3 (vid. below). This divine name is not used elsewhere in Hex. It probably originated from the sense of divine ownership, rather than sovereignty (RSSem 92). It seems to have been used in Northern Israel = אדון in the South. It was the special name of the God of the Canaanites, Philistines, etc., = Babylonian בֵּל, cf. SchrSK 1874, 335 ff. In later times scribes substituted בֹּשֶׁת, in n.pr. (ירבשׁת = ירבעל, אשׁבשׁת = אשׁבעל, vid. בֹּשֶׁת, GeiZMG 1862, 728 ff.), & also in the text for בעל Ho 9:10 Je 11:13 (hence ἡ βάαλ Je 2:23; 7:9; 11:13, 17; 19:5 Ho 2:10; 13:1 +, Rom 11:4, see DiBaal mit d. weib. Artikel, MBA 1881, June 16 Dr 2 S 4:4). 2. c. art.: הַבַּעַל Ju 2:13; 6:25, 28, 30, 31, 32 1 K 16:31, 32(×2); 18:19, 21, 22, 25, 26(×2), 40; 19:18; 22:54 2 K 3:2; 10:18, 19(×2), 20, 21(×3), 22, 23(×3), 25, 26, 27(×2), 28; 11:18(×2); 17:16; 21:3; 23:4, 5 2 Ch 23:17(×2) Je 2:8; 7:9; 11:13, 17; 12:16; 19:5(×2); 23:13, 27; 32:29, 35 Ho 2:10; 13:1 Zp 1:4. 3. הַבְּעָלִים emphatic pl. (cf. האלהים, האדונים) the great lord, the sovereign owner Ju 2:11; 3:7; 8:33; 10:6, 10 1 S 7:4; 12:10 1 K 18:18 2 Ch 17:3; 24:7; 28:2; 33:3; 34:4 Je 2:23; 9:13 Ho 2:15, 19; 11:2 (or local special Baʿals, vid. DrSm. p. 50; pillars of Baal MV). 4. c. attrib.: בַּעַל בְּרִית Lord of covenant Ju 8:33; 9:4 (cf. אל ברית 9:46; NöZMG 1888, 478); ב׳ זְבוּב Lord of flies 2 K 1:2, 3, 6, 16, Philistine god, 𝔊 Βααλ μυῖαν (Beelzebub, Mt 12:24) cf. BaeRel. 25.

מִקְדָּשׁ74 n.m. Am 7:9 sacred place, sanctuary;—מ׳ Ex 25:8 +; מִקְדָשׁ 15:17 (Ges§ 20 h Köii. 1, 471); cstr. מִקְּדַּשׁ Lv 16:23 +; sf. מִקְדָּשִׁי Lv 20:3 +, etc., מִקְדְּשׁוֹ Nu 18:29 (Köii 1, 97); pl. מִקְדָּשִׁים Ez 21:7, cstr. מִקְדְּשֵׁי Je 51:51 + 2 times; sf. מִקְדָּשַׁי Lv 21:23; מְקַדְשֵׁיהֶם Ez 7:24 (on anomalous pointing v. Ew§ 215 a Hi-Sm; but prob. Pi. Pt. was in mind, Ges§ 9300 Anm.; מִקְדְּשֵׁיהֶם); etc.;— 1. old Isr. sanctuaries: of י׳ at Schechem Jos 24:26 (E); prob. also Ex 15:17 (i.e. Shiloh); pl. of sanct. to be destroyed by י׳ Lv 26:31 (H); מִקְדְּשֵׁי יִשׂ׳ in N. Isr. Am 7:9; מִקְדַּשׁ־מֶלֶךְ v 13 (Bethel). 2. of the nations: Moab Is 16:12 pl. of Tyre Ez 28:18 (Co Toy [not Berthol Krae] read קָדְשְׁךָ thy sanctity). 3. tabernacle and its precincts Ex 25:8 (P) +; מִקְדַּשׁ הַקֹּדֶשׁ Lv 16:33, pl. 21:23. 4. temple and precincts 1 Ch 22:19 Is 63:18 ψ 74:7 +; בֵּית מִקְדָּשָׁם 2 Ch 36:17, מקדשׁ הבית Ez 48:21, מְבוֹן מ׳ Dn 8:11; pl. of many sacred places in and about the temple, מִקְדְּשֵׁי בית י׳ Je 51:51; מִקְדְּשֵׁי אֵל ψ 73:17. Doubtful are: מִמִּקְדָּשֶׁיךָ ψ 68:36 (𝔊 ἐν τοῖς ὁσίοις αὐτοῦ; 𝔙 de sanctuario; SS מִקְדָּשֶׁ֑ךָ); מִקְדָּשִׁים Ez 21:7 (𝔊 Co Berthol Buhl מִקְדָּשָׁם; Toy Krae מִקְדָּשֶׁיהָ; ‖ יְרוּשָׁלַםִ); וּמִקְדָּשׁ לַמִּקְדָּשׁ Ez 45:4b (Co, after 𝔊, מִפְקָד לְקָדְשָׁם [לְבָֽתֵּי]; Toy וּלְמִגְרָשִׁים [לְבָֽתִּים], cf. Krae לְמִגְרָשׁ). 5. י׳ will become לְמ׳ for his people Ez 11:16 (BrMP 268), so appar. Is 8:14 (but gloss Du CheHpt Marti; Lag Sem. i. 16 מִקָּשׁ i. e. stumbling-block [he cp. Syriac ܢܩܰܫ strike]). 6. of י׳’s future sanct., מ׳ בתוכם לעולם Ez 37:26, 28.—(מִמֶּנּוּ) אֶת־מִקְדְּשׁוֹ (מִכָּל־חֶלְבּוֹ) Nu 18:29 even the hallowed part thereof AV RV, but this not the meaning of מ׳; Ew§ 255 c assumes מַקְדֵּשׁ* in this sense; קָדְשׁוֹ (v. קֹדֶשׁ 3 d), מִ being dittogr.

† מָשַׁח vb. smear, anoint (NH id.; orig. prob. as Arabic مَسَحَ wipe or stroke with the hand (cf. RSSem. i. 215; 2nd ed., 233), anoint, Aramaic ܡܫܰܚ, מְשַׁח anoint; on משח, id. (?) in Aramaic inscr. v. CISii. 1, No. 145, C, 1; Palm. משחא oil Vog No. 16; Ethiopic መስሐ anoint, feast, dine DiLex 176; (Assyrian mašâḫu is measure; Aramaic מְשַׁח id.; Arabic مساحة measurement, cf. DlProl 178 Frä 282));— Qal Pf. 3 ms. מ׳ Nu 3:3 + 2 times; sf. מְשָֽׁחֲךָ ψ 45:8 1 S 10:1; מְשָׁחוֹ 2 Ch 22:7; 2 ms. מָשַׁחְתָּ Gn 31:13 + 12 times, + 9 times Pf.; Impf. 3 ms. יִמְשַׁח Lv 16:32 + 6 times; 3 mpl. יִמְשָׁ֑חוּ Am 6:6, + 13 times Impf.; Imv. sf. מְשָׁחֵהוּ 1 S 16:12; pl. מִשְׁחוּ Is 21:5; Inf. abs. מָשׁוֹחַ Je 22:14; cstr. מְשֹׁחַ Ju 9:8; Dn 9:24 + Ho 8:3 𝔊 We GASm Now; מָשְׁחָה Ex 29:29; sf. מְשָֽׁחֳךָ 1 S 15:1 (Baer); מָשְׁחוֹ Lv 7:36; מָשְׁחָתָם Ex 40:15; Pt. pl. מֹשְׁחִים Ju 9:15; pass. מָשׁוּחַ 2 S 3:39 (We suggests deriv. from שׁח, defect. משׁח (מֻשַׁח), wrongly read as מָשֻׁחַ; or by transposition משׁוח may have been mistaken for an unexampled מוּשָׁח Hoph. Pt. of שׁוח); מָשִׁיחַ 2 S 1:21 (but read מָשֻׁחַ (or נמשׁח) Codd. We Dr Kit Bu HPS); pl. מְשֻׁחִים Ex 29:2 + 4 times;— 1. smear, house with colour (paint) Je 22:14; shield with oil (anoint) Is 21:5; 2 S 1:21 (cf. Dr; Gr כְּלִי מָשׁוּחַ weapon anointed; PetersJBL 1893, 56 כְּלֵי מָשׁוּחַ weapons of one (the king) anointed); the person, with ointments Am 6:6; unleavened cakes, with oil Ex 29:2; Lv 2:4; 7:12; Nu 6:15 (P). 2. anoint, as consecration, solemn setting apart to an office, always by the use of oil poured on the head: לנביא as a prophet 1 K 19:16 (Elisha by Elijah) Is 61:1; elsewhere of king, c. acc., מֶלֶךְ Ju 9:8 (E), so Ho 8:3 reading מִמְּשֹׁחַ מֶלֶךְ (for MT מִמַּשָּׂא מ׳) We GASm Now; also Ho 7:3 reading יִמְשְׁחוּ (for MT יְשַׂמְּחוּ) We Now; elsewhere acc. pers. 1 S 16:3, 12, 13; 1 K 1:39; 2 K 11:12; 23:30; 2 Ch 22:7; 23:11; בְּשֶׁמֶן קָדְשִׁי ψ 89:21 with my holy oil; שׁמן שָׂשׂוֹן ψ 45:8 (fig.); c. על, 2 S 19:11 whom we have anointed over us; לְמֶלֶךְ 1 K 1:45; 5:15; c. עַל, לְמֶלֶךְ Ju 9:15; 2 S 2:4, 7; 1 K 19:15; על ישׂראל over Israel 1 S 15:1, 17; 2 S 5:3 = 1 Ch 11:3, 2 S 5:17; 12:7; 1 K 1:34; 19:16; אֶל־ישׂראל 2 K 9:3, 6, 12 (Ephr.); לנגיד 1 Ch 29:22; על 1 S 9:16; 10:1; מָשׁוּחַ מֶלֶךְ 2 S 3:39 (? v. supr.) 3. anoint, consecrate to religious service: a. Aaronic priests, only P, c. acc. pers. Ex 28:41; 29:7; 30:30; 40:13, 15(×3) Lv 7:36; 8:12; 16:32; Nu 35:25; abs. Ex 29:29; הכהנים הַמְּשֻׁחִים Nu 3:3. b. sacred things: מַצֵּבָה Gn 31:13 (E) Nu 7:1(×2); tabernacle and its vessels Ex 29:36; 30:26; 40:9, 10, 11; Lv 8:10, 11 (all P); קדשׁ קדשׁים Dn 9:24. Niph. Pf. 3. ms. נִמְשַׁח 1 Ch 14:8; Inf. הִמָּשַׁח Lv 6:13 + 3 times;—be anointed, למלך על כל ישׂראל 1 Ch 14:8; Aaron and his sons Lv 6:13 (P); altar Nu 7:10, 84, 88.

† נֶ֫סֶךְ n.m. drink-offering;—abs. נ׳ Gn 35:14 + 6 times; נֵ֫סֶךְ Ex 29:40; 30:9; Ez 45:17; נָ֑סֶךְ Nu 4:7; Jo 1:13; cstr. נֶסֶךְ Nu 28:7; sf. נִסְכִּי Is 48:5, etc.; pl. נְסָכִים Je 7:18 + 9 times; sf. נְסָכֶיהָ Nu 29:31, נִסְכֵּיכֶם v 39, etc.;— 1. drink-offering, c. עַל (on Jacob’s מַצֵּבָה at Bethel) Gn 35:14 (E); elsewhere in worship of י׳ only P and related doc.; once of vessels of holy table קְשׂוֹת הַנָּ֑סֶךְ Nu 4:7; elsewhere in classifications Lv 23:37; Nu 29:39, usually offered with the עלה Ex 29:40; Lv 23:13, 18; Nu 15:5, 7, 10, 24; 28:7, 14, 31; 29:18, 21, 24, 27, 30, 33, 37, especially עוֹלַת הַתָּמִיד 28:9, 10, 15, 24; 29:6, 11, 16, 19, 22, 25, 28, 31, 34, 38; מִנְחַת הַבֹּקֶר Ex 29:41; Nu 28:8; but sometimes also with (שׁלמים) זבח 6:15, 17; 15:15, 10; usually + מִנְחָה; elsewhere only 1 Ch 29:21; 2 Ch 29:35; Ez 45:17; מִנְחָה וָנ׳ Jo 1:9, 13; 2:14. Offered to other gods 2 K 6:13, 15; Is 57:6; Je 7:18; 19:13; 32:29; 44:17, 18, 19(×2), 25; Ez 20:28 ψ 16:4. 2. molten images, Is 41:29; 48:5; Je 10:14; 51:17.—Combinations are: נָסַךְ נ׳, הִסִּיךְ נ׳ (see vb.); שָׁפַךְ נ׳ Is 57:6.

προσκῠν-έω, future -ήσωRefs 6th c.BC+: aorist προσεκύνησα Refs 5th c.BC+, infinitive -κύσαι Refs, participle -κύσας Refs: perfect -κεκύνηκαLXX+1st c.BC+:—passive, present infinitive προσκυνεῖσθαι Refs 5th c.BC+: aorist προσεκυνήθην Refs 2nd c.AD+:— make obeisance to the gods or their images, fall down and worship, with accusative, Refs 5th c.BC+, of deprecating the wrath of Nemesis, Refs 5th c.BC+; of sacred places, do reverence to, πατρῷα ἕδη θεῶν Refs 5th c.BC+ __2 especially of the Oriental fashion of prostrating oneself before kings and superiors, absolutely, Refs 5th c.BC+ make obeisance to him, Refs; προσκυνεῖν διδάσκονται τὸν βασιλέα [οἱ ἐλέφαντες] Refs 4th c.BC+; προσπίπτων π. Refs 5th c.BC+; προσκυνῶ σ᾽, ἄναξ, προσπίτνων LXX+5th c.BC+; οὐδένα ἄνθρωπον δεσπότην ἀλλὰ τοὺς θεοὺς π. NT+5th c.BC+. (Orig. perhaps throw a kiss to the god,Refs 4th c.AD+ __II later, kiss, σοῦ -ήσω τὴν χεῖρα Refs 2nd c.AD+; τὸ πρόσωπον, τὴν ὄψιν, τοὺς πόδας, Refs 2nd c.AD+ __II.2 greet, σπουδάζουσα -ῆσαί σε (by letter) Refs 2nd c.AD+; ἔλθω πρὸς ὑμᾶς ἵνα ὑμᾶς -ήσω διὰ πολλοῦ χρόνου Refs 2nd c.AD+ __II.3 welcome respectfully, respect, προσεκύνησά σου τὰ γράμματα Refs 2nd c.AD+; τὴν θείαν ἀντιγραφὴν ὑπὸ πάντων προσκυνουμένην Refs 3rd c.AD+

קְטֹ֫רֶת60 n.f. smoke, odour of (burning) sacrifice, incense;—ק׳ abs. Ex 30:1 +; cstr. 25:6 +; sf. קְטָרְתִּי Ez 16:18; 23:41;— 1. sweet smoke of sacrifice, ‖ מנחה Is 1:13 ψ 141:2, קְ׳ אֵילִים 66:15, לְהַקְטִיר ק׳ 1 S 2:28 (?). 2. incense, ק׳ (ה)סמים Ex 25:6; 30:7; 31:11; 40:27 + 9 times; ק׳ תמיד Ex 30:8, ק׳ רֹקַח v 35, הק׳ alone v 37 Lv 16:13; Nu 16:35; 17:12; so ק׳ 16:7, 17, 18; 17:5, 11; 2 Ch 29:7, ק׳ זָרָה Ex 30:9, ענן הק׳ Lv 16:13; Ez 8:11, also of אשׁ זרה Lv 10:1 (illegal worship); in offering of the princes Nu 7:14 + 11 times 7, cf. v 86. Altar of incense is מזבח מקטר ק׳ Ex 30:1, מ׳ הק׳ זהב 1 Ch 28:18, מ׳ הזהב לק׳ Ex 40:5, מ׳ ק׳ הסמים Lv 4:7, מ׳ הק׳ Ex 30:27 + 6 times 3. perfume, ‖ שֶׁמֶן Ez 16:18; 23:41 Pr 27:9.

† I. [חָרַם] vb.Hiph. ban, devote, exterminate (MI17 החרמתה of devoting, dedicating a city to Chemosh, in cl. with כי explaining massacre of all inhabitants; the altar-hearth of י׳ there was dragged before Chemosh; حَرُمَ be prohibited, forbidden, unlawful, become sacred; ii. make, pronounce sacred, inviolable; Ethiopic ሐረመ prohibit from common use, consecrate to God, esteem unlawful; Palm. חרם = consacré VogNo. 35; Nab. id., Eutp. 28; Sab. מחרם sanctuary, temple, OsZMG 1865, 176, 252, חרמתן DHMZMG 1875, 594; Aramaic אַחֲרִים, and especially ܐܰܚܪܶܡ anathematize, excommunicate; v. also WeSkizzen iii, 165, DrSm 100 ff., RSSem. i. 140(150))— Hiph. Pf. הֶהֱרִים Jos 8:26 + 5 times; הֶחֱרִם Jos 10:28; 2 ms. וְהַחֲרַמְתָּ֫ה 1 S 15:18; 1 s. הֶחֱרַמְתִּי 1 S 15:20; וְהַחֲרַמְתִּ֫י Nu 21:2; 2 fs. וְהַחֲרַמְתְּ(י) consec. Mi 4:13 (so 𝔊 𝔙 𝔖 𝔗 RV most; MT 1 s.), v. Ges§ 44, R. 4; pl. הֶחֱרִימוּ 1 S 15:9 2 Ch 32:14 etc.; (1 S 15:3 read והחרמתו 𝔊 We Dr); Impf. יַחֲרִם Lv 27:28; וַיַּחֲרֵם Nu 21:3 Jos 10:37; sf. וַיַּחֲרִימָהּ Jos 10:1; 1 pl. וַנַּחֲרֵם Dt 2:34; 3:6 etc.; Imv. הַחֲרֵם Dt 13:16; pl. הַחֲרִימוּ Je 51:3; sf. הַחֲרִימוּהָ Je 50:26; Inf. abs. הַחֲרֵם Dt 3:6 + 4 times; cstr. הַחֲרִים 2 Ch 20:23 Dn 11:44; sf. הַחֲרִימָם Jos 11:20 + 4 times;—ban, devote (especially religiously, sq. objects hostile to the theocracy [v. especially Ex 22:19 Hoph.]; this involved gen. their destruction; when a city was ‘devoted’ the inhab. were put to death, the spoil being destroyed or not according to the gravity of the occasion [contrast Jos 6:17, 21 1 S 15:3 with Dt 2:34f.; 3:6, 7], cf. MI17 לעשתר כמש החרמתה to Ashtar-Chemosh I devoted it, i.e. the city Nebo);— 1. most often of devoting to destruction cities of Canaanites and other neighbours of Isr., exterminating inhabitants, and destroying or appropriating their possessions: a. Isr. and her leaders subj. Nu 21:2, 3 (destruction according to vow), Jos 6:21 (cf. חֵרֶם ליהוה v 17; all J); in v 18 read תַּחְמְדוּ (for MT תַּחֲרִימוּ, v. Di VB); 8:26 𝔊, not 𝔊L, om. v.), 10:1 (JE), Dt 2:34; 3:6(×2); 7:2(×2) (commanded through Moses, cf. for underlying thought v 4, 5, 6), 20:17(×2) (commanded by י׳), Jos 2:10 10:28, 35, 37, 39, 40 (divine command), 11:11, 12, 20, 21 (divine command v 12, 20; all D), 1 S 15:3, 8, 9(×2), 15, 18, 20 (divine command v 3, 18, 20, cf. v 11, 22, 23); quite secondary is simple exterminate 1 K 9:21, 1 Ch 4:41. b. secondary meaning destroy, exterminate, also with other nations subj.:—2 K 19:11 = Is 37:11 = 2 Ch 32:14, 2 Ch 20:23, Je 50:21, 26 (both by divine command), 51:3 Dn 11:44. c. God as subj., fig. all nations and their armies Is 34:2; the nations of Western Asia Je 25:9; the tongue of the Egyptian sea (by drying it up) Is 11:15 (but read perhaps החריב with 𝔊 𝔖 𝔙 𝔗). d. so also of devoting even Israelites: a city of Isr. for worshipping other gods Dt 13:16; residents of Jabesh-Gilead for not joining in campaign against Benj. Ju 21:11. 2. devote to י׳: for sacred uses החרים ליהוה the spoil of the nations Mi 4:13; private possessions, whether a man, animal, or field Lv 27:28 (P). Hoph. Impf. יָחֳרַם Lv 27:29 Ezr 10:8; יָחֳרָ֑ם Ex 22:19;— 1. be put under the ban, devoted (to death), for worshipping other gods than י׳ Ex 22:19 (JE; earliest use of word in OT); for some other theocratic offence Lv 27:29 (P; v. Di). 2. devoted, i.e. forfeited, to the temple treasures Ezr 10:8.—On חרם v. especially Di (Kn) Lv 27:28; EwAntiq.75.78, Dr 1 S 15:33.

† פֶּ֫סַח n.m. passover (usually (Thes and most) from I. פסח, with reference to Ex 12:13 etc.; ReussGesch. A.T. § 58 passing over into new year; Schaefer Passah-Mazzoth (1900), 346 cp. Assyrian pašâḫu, soothe, placate [deity], be sooted, Pi. trans., JenZA iv (1889), 275 ZimBab. Rel. i (1896), Gloss.; ii (1899), 92; SchwallyIdiot. 124 from II. פסח, of sacred dance);—abs. פ׳ Ex 12:11 +; פָּ֑סַח v 21 +; pl. פְּסָחִים 2 Ch 30:17 + 3 times;— 1. sacrifice of passover, involving communion-meal, hence a species of peace-offering (cf. i. זֶבַח II. 2), זֶבַח פ׳ הוא לי׳ Ex 12:27 (J), cf. v 11 (P); זָבַח פ׳ Dt 16:2, 5, 6; אכל הפ׳ 2 Ch 30:18; the special feature lay in the application of blood to homes to consecrate them; cf. sim. Bab. rite of purification Zim ib. ii. 126–7. 2. the animal victim of the passover: שׁחט פ׳ Ex 12:21 (J) 2 Ch 30:15; 35:1, 6, 11; Ezr 6:20, cf. 2 Ch 30:17; בשׁל הפ׳ באשׁ 2 Ch 35:13; לפסחים 2 Ch 35:7, 8, 9. [Passover animals (cf. BrHex. 206) were צֹאן flock Ex 12:21 (J), שֶׂה v 3, 4, 5, incl. כֶּבֶשׁ and עֵז v 5 (P); צאן ובקר Dt 16:2; large numbers of all these (שֶׂה not used) in Josiah’s passover, according to 2 Ch 35:7, 8, 9, but evident mingling of whole burnt-offerings for the passover with special passover victim.] 3. festival of the passover: חג הפ׳ Ex 34:25 (J); (ה)פ׳ Lv 23:5; Nu 28:16; 33:3; Jos 5:11 (P) Ez 45:21; חֻקַּת הפ׳ Ex 12:43; Nu 9:12, 14 (P); עשׂה פ׳ Ex 12:48; Nu 9:2, 4, 5, 6, 10, 13, 14; Jos 5:10 (P) Dt 16:1; 2 K 23:21, 22, 23; 2 Ch 30:1, 2, 5; 35:1, 16, 17, 18(×2), 19; Ezr 6:19; it was held in month הָאָבִיב Dt 16:1, בָּעָ֑רֶב v 6; on 14th day Jos 5:10 (P), of 1st month Ez 45:21; בֵּין הערבים (Ex 12:6); Lv 23:5; Nu 9:5 (P); if impossible at that time, then on 14th of 2nd month Nu 9:10, 12. [No ref. to פֶּסַח in E; J subordinates it to מַצּוֹת (the great feast of JE); in D it predom. over מצות; P makes it first in importance (BrHex. 195 f.).]

† [גִּלּוּל] n.m. Je 50:27 only pl. idols (= logs, blocks, shapeless things Ges BaudRel. i. 95; Ew doll-images > dungy things Sm Ez 6:4 SS after Rabb.) Vid. BaudZMG, 1904, 395 ff. (cps. Biblical Aramaic גְּלָל (אֶבֶן), Palm. גללאTariff i. 9 = στήλη λιθίνη; and concludes that it was orig. a designation of the primitive stone menhir or מַצֵּבָה) גִּלּוּלִים Ez 22:3 + 3 times + Ez 30:13 (del B Co); גִּלֻּלִים 1 K 15:12 + 2 times; cstr. גִּלּוּלֵי Ez 8:10 + 6 times; גִּלּוּלַיִךְ Ez 22:4; גִּלּוּלָיו 2 K 21:11 + 4 times; גִּלּוּלֶיהָ Je 50:2; ֵיכֶםLv 26:30 + 7 times; ֵיכֶןEz 23:49; ֵיהֶםEz 6:9 + 14 times + Ez 6:5 (del Biblical Aramaic al Co); ֵיהֶןEz 23:37;—idols (39 times Ez);—1 K 15:12 2 K 17:12; 21:21 Ez 6:5 (del Co) v 9 6:13(×2); 14:4, 5; 18:6, 15; 20:16, 24, 39; 23:37, 39, 49; 33:25; 44:10, 12; ‖ שִׁקּוּצִים Dt 29:16 2 K 23:24 (‖ also תְּרָפִים), Ez 20:7, 18 (both c. vb. טמא) v 8 37:23, cf. also 8:10 (שֶׁקֶץ, but שִׁקּוּצִים appar. 𝔊 𝔖 𝔗 & so Co); ‖ תּוֹעֵבָה Ez 14:6 2 K 21:11, cf. Ez 18:12; 16:36 (גִּלּוּלֵי תוֹעֲבוֹתַיִךְ), & 1 K 21:26 (where vb. תָּעַב); ‖ טֻמְאוֹת Ez 36:25; ‖ מִכְשׁוֹל עֲוֹנוֹ Ez 14:3, 4, 7; ‖ עֲצַבִּים Je 50:2; ‖ אֱלִילִים Ez 30:13 (Co אילים; cf. also supr.); ‖ חַמָּן Ez 6:4, 6 Lv 26:30 (cf. infr.); ‖ תְּרָפִים 2 K 23:24 (supr.); in phr. טִמֵּא בְּגִלּ׳ etc. Ez 20:7, 18, 31; 22:3, 4; 23:7, 30; 36:18 (del. Co); תְּחַלְּלוּ בְגִלּ׳ Ez 20:39;—note especially the expression וְנָתַתִּי פִּגְרֵיכֶם עַל־פִּגְרֵי גִלּוּלֵיכֶם Lv 26:30 and I will lay your carcases upon the carcases of your idols.

אָשָׁם n.m. offence, guilt—א׳ Gn 26:10 + 37 times sf. אֲשָׁמוֹ Nu 5:7 + 7 times— 1. offence, trespass, fault ψ 68:22 (guiltiness RV). 2. guilt Gn 26:10 (J) Pr 14:9 Je 51:5. 3. compensation, לְהָשִׁיב הָאָשָׁם אֵלָיו to whom to return the compensation (or satisfaction for injury) Nu 5:8; cp. v 7 (P; restitution for guilt RV). 4. trespass-offering (AV, but guilt-offering RV) used only in Lv 5, 6:10; 7, 14, 19:21, 22 Nu 6:12; 18:9 (P), & Ez 40:39; 42:13; 44:29; 46:20, cf. Ezr 10:19. This offering seems to have been confined to offences against God or man that could be estimated and so covered by compensation. The ordinary trespass-offering was a ram, together with restitution and a penalty of a fifth of its value. The tresspass-offerings of the leper and Nazirite were he-lambs Lv 14 Nu 6:12; if the person who suffered wrong or his kinsmen were not living the fine went to the priests. The victims were offered, the blood and fat pieces going to the altar, the skin and flesh to the priests. There seems to have been no application of the blood to the horns of the altar (the chief ceremony of the sin-offering) because the guilt was not expiated at the altar but by compensation to the wronged person or his representative. A part of the blood of the leper’s trespass-offering was applied to his person to consecrate him (as in the case of the ram of consecration to consecrate the priests Lv 8:23). The trespass-offering is unknown to JED and the older Hebrew literature. However, the Philistines send an אשׁם of golden mice and tumours 1 S 6:3, 4, 8, 17, and an אשׁם of money was given to the priests 2 K 12:17, but these are entirely different from the trespass-offering of P. The Messianic servant offers himself as an אשׁם in compensation for the sins of the people, interposing for them as their substitute Is 53:10 (incorrectly offering for sin AV RV). See further OehlerOT Theol. § 137 Di Lv 5:14.

מִשְׁתֶּה45 n.m. Gn 21:8 1. feast; 2. drink;—abs. מ׳ Gn 19:3 +; cstr. מִשְׁתֵּה 1 S 25:36 +; sf. מִשְׁתָּיו Dn 1:5 + (Ges§ 93 ss), etc.;— 1. feast, banquet (occasion for drinking, drinking-bout), 1 S 25:36(×2); Is 5:12; Je 51:39 (fig.), Jb 1:5; Est 2:18; 5:14; 8:17; 9:19; lasting seven days Ju 14:12, 17 (wedding-feast, cf. Gn 29:22, and v. BenzArch. 143; Ency. Bib. 2949 NowArch. i. 163); עָשָׂה מ׳ give or make a feast (sometimes + ל pers.) Gn 19:3; 26:30 (both J), 21:8; 40:20 (both E), Ju 14:10; 2 S 3:20 1 K 3:15; Est 1:3 + 8 times Est, Jb 1:4 + 2 S 13:27(×2) 𝔊 Th We Dr and mod.; מִשְׁתֵּה הַיַּיִן Est 5:6; 7:2, 7, בֵּית מִשְׁתֶּה Je 16:8; Ec 7:2, בֵּית מִשְׁתֵּה הַיַּיִן Est 7:8; יוֹם מ׳ וְשִׂמְחָה Est 9:17, 18, cf. v 22; of י׳’s banquet for all peoples Is 25:6 (fig. of Messianic blessings); fig. also in טוֹב־לֵב מ׳ תָּמִיד Pr 15:15. †2. drink (late): מַאֲכָל וּמ׳ וָשֶׁמֶן Ezr 3:7; sf. יֵין מִשְׁתָּיו Dn 1:5, 8; מִשְׁתֵּיהֶם v 16; מִשְׁתֵּיכֶם v 10.

† [נָקָה] vb. be empty (?), clean (Ecclus 16:11b Niph. Impf. ינקה be unpunished, so 40:15; 31:5 = Pr 28:20; NH Pi. = BH; Aramaic נְקָא Pa. = BH, adj. נְקֵא clean; Ph. נקי adj. pure; Palm. נקא be clean (perhaps) in n.pr. SachauZMG xxxv (1881), 735 Lzb325; Assyrian nâḳû, pour out, pour libation, make offering, nikû, libation, offering; Old Aramaic נקיה perhaps = נוּקָיָה libation (Lzb326), cf. Syriac ܢܽܘܩܳܝܳܐ Cook83; Syriac ܢܰܩܺܝ Pa. pour out, make a libation; 𝔗 נְקָא Pa. = cleanse (with lye) Is 1:25; adj. נְקֵא clean of bread or fruit Gn 40:16 𝔗J i, Dt 6:3 𝔗J ii, = exempt (BH נָקִי) 1 K 15:22. on the other hand, Arabic نَقِىَ purus, mundus fuit Kam. Frey; ii. cleanse, etc., Lane3037.—Orig. meaning prob. empty out, hence pour and be empty, clean);— Qal Inf. abs. נָקֹה Je 49:12 (נָקֹה תִּנָּקֶה, prob. error for הנקה ת׳, cf. Je 25:29). Niph. Pf. 3 ms. נִקָּה Zc 5:3 + 5 times; f. נִקְּתָה Nu 5:28; נִקָּ֑תָה Is 3:26; 2 ms. נִקֵּיתָ Gn 24:8; 1 s. נִקֵּיתִי Ju 15:3 + 2 times; Impf. יִנָּקֶה Pr 6:29 + 6 times; 2 ms. תִּנָּקֶה Gn 24:41 + 2 times; pl. תִּנָּקוּ Je 25:29(×2); Imv. הִנָּקִי Nu 5:19; Inf. הִנָּקֵה Je 25:29;— 1. be cleaned out, of a plundered city Is 3:26; purged out, of liars and perjurers Zc 5:3(×2). 2. be clean, free from guilt, innocent, Je 2:35 c. מִן, מִפֶּשַׁע ψ 19:14; מֵעָוֹן Nu 5:31 (P); מִפְּלִשְׁתִּים from (at the hands of) the Philistines Ju 15:3. 3. be free, exempt from punishment, abs. Ex 21:19 (E) Nu 5:28 (P) 1 S 26:9; לֹא יִנָּקֶה Pr 6:29; 11:21; 16:5; 17:5; 19:5, 9; 28:20; Je 25:29(×3) 49:12b, נָקֹה תִּנָּקֶה v 12a. 4. free, exempt from obligation, c. מִן, from oaths Gn 24:8, 41 (J); מִמֵּי הַמָּרִים from effects of drinking the bitter water Nu 5:19 (P). Piel Pf. 1 s. נִקֵּיתִי Jo 4:21 (𝔊 𝔖 נִקַּמְתִּי; so Now SS Buhl); Impf. 3 ms. יְנַקֶּה Ex 20:7 + 2 times; יְנַקֵּ֑ה Nu 14:18 Na 1:3; 2 ms. sf. תְּנַקֵּנִי Jb 9:28; 10:14; תְּנַקֵּהוּ 1 K 2:9; 1 s. sf. אֲנַקֶּ֑ךָּ Je 30:11; 46:28; Imv. sf. נַקֵּנִי ψ 19:13; Inf. abs. נַקֵּה Ex 34:7 + 4 times;— 1. hold innocent, acquit, Jb 9:28; מֵעֲוֹנִי Jb 10:14; מִנִּסְתָּרוֹת ψ 19:13. 2. leave unpunished: of man, c. acc. 1 K 2:9; elsewhere of God: abs. נַקֵּה לֹא יְנַקֶּה Ex 34:7(×2) = Nu 14:18(×2) (all J) = Na 1:3(×2); c. acc. לֹא יְנַקֶּה Ex 20:7 = Dt 5:11; נַקֵּה לֹא אֲנַקֶּךָּ Je 30:11(×2) = 46:28(×2), cf. Jo 4:21(×2) (but v. supr.).

† I. בָּלַל vb. mingle, mix, confuse, confound (Arabic بَلَّ moisten (with water), cf. بَلَلٌ moisture, Assyrian balâlu, DlPr 70; cf. Ph. בלל name of a sacrifice, & NH בִּלְבֵּל; Aramaic בַּלְבֵּל ܒܰܠܒܶܠ )— Qal Pf. בָּלַל Gn 11:9, בַּ֜לֹּתִ֗י ψ 92:11 (but cf. infr.); Impf. 1 pl. נָֽבְלָה = נָבֹ֫לָּה Gn 11:7, cf. Köi. 325; Pt. pass. בָּלוּל Ex 29:40 + 3 times, בְּלוּלָה Lv 2:5 + 28 times, בְּלוּלֹת Ex 29:2 + 4 times;— 1. mingle, confuse (obj. שָׂפָה = speech, language, q.v.) Gn 11:7, 9 (J). 2. mix (cakes or flour, etc. always with oil) sacrificial techn. term, only P, cf. Di on Lv 2:4; usually as מנחה, סֹלֶת בּ׳ בַּשֶּׁמֵן Ex 29:40; Lv 2:5; 14:10, 21; 23:13; Nu 7:13, 19, 25, 31, 37, 43, 49, 55, 61, 67, 73, 79; Nu 8:8; 15:4, 6, 9; 28:5, 9, 12(×2), 13, 20, 28; 29:3, 9, 14, מנחה ב׳ בשׁ׳ Lv 7:10 (opp. חֲרֵבָה) 9:4, חַלּוֹת מַצוֹת ב׳ בשׁ׳ Ex 29:2; Lv 7:12(×2), i.e. made by mixing with oil; סלת חלות מצות ב׳ בשׁ׳ Lv 2:4, סלת חלות ב׳ בשׁ׳ Nu 6:15, i.e. fine flour (in the form) of cakes so made. בַּ֜לֹּתִ֗י בְּשֶׁמֶן רַעֲנָן ψ 92:11 I shall be (am) anointed with fresh oil AV RV; vb. not elsewhere in this sense; 𝔊 𝔙 Hup Che read בְּלֹתִי from בלה, Inf. cstr. sf., abstr. for concrete, my wasting = my wasting strength, of declining age; Israel under figure of old man; this however is not favoured by context. The passage is therefore doubtful. Hithpo. Impf. יִתְבּוֹלָ֑ל Ho 7:8; אפרים בעמים הוא י׳ Ephraim, among the peoples doth he mix himself; but Ew Now derive here from בלל = בלה (or נבל) waste away, cf. Hiph. Hiph. Impf. וַנָּ֫בֶל Is 64:5 and we faded away, but read perhaps וַנִּבֹּל from נבל cf. Di (De, less probably, derives from בלל—cf. Ew Now Ho 7:8—or בול = נבל).

μνημ-εῖον, Doric dialect μνᾱμεῖον, Ionic dialect μνημήϊον, τό, memorial, remembrance, record of a person or thing, μνημήϊα καταλιπέσθαι Refs 5th c.BC+; μνημεῖα ὅρκων a record of the oaths, Refs 5th c.BC+; μνημεῖα τῆς δαπάνης visible memorials, Refs 5th c.BC+; τὰ παίδων μαθήματα θαυμαστὸν ἔχει τι μ. the lessons of childhood cling strangely to the memory, Refs 5th c.BC+; μνημεῖα καταλειφθῆναι τῶν μελλόντων ἔσεσθαι to be left behind as reminders of things to come, Refs __2 of one dead, Refs 5th c.BC+; of an urn containing the ashes of the dead,Refs 5th c.BC+; tomb, LXX+NT: generally, monument, Refs 5th c.BC+

† אֲשֵׁרָה, אֲשֵׁירָה 2 K 17:16 n.pr.f. Ashera (Assyrian n.pr.f. Aš-ra-tu, c. sign for deity, in Canaanitish n.pr. Abad-Ašratum, servant of A. SchrZA 1888, 363, cf. Wkl & AbelThontafelfund v. El Amarna ii. No. 77, 1. 9, & SayceRP2. ii. 67, iii. 71; on deriv. cf. Assyrian aširat, adj. fem. gracious, COTGloss) see now also GFMEB Asherah Dr Dt 16:21 AllenDB Asherah, all doubtful as to Can. goddess Asherah; question left open by ZimKAT3. 436 ff. (on Sem. goddess Aširtu-Ašratu Id. ib. 432 ff.); but v. JeremAT1 im Licht d. Alten Orients 207 (name of goddess Aširat in letter found at Taanach by Sellin (1902–3) and Id. ib. 37. 237) (Oppenheim’s find at Ras el-’Ain in Mesop., stone shaft with veiled head as top, supposed to identify post with goddess; if 2 K 23:7 refers to draped Asherim [v. on text Benz Bur], this even more plausible), Id. ib. 23, 208 f., 286. On pictorial representations of Asherah-symbol v. WHWardAJSL xix. 1 (Oct. 1902).:—usually with the art.: prob. a. a Canaanitish goddess of fortune & happiness; having prophets 1 K 18:19, an image 15:13 = 2 Ch 15:16 2 K 21:7, sacred vessels 2 K 23:4, houses v 7. b. a symbol of this goddess, a sacred tree or pole set up near an altar 1 K 16:33 2 K 13:6; 17:16; 18:4; 21:3; 23:6, 15; prohibited Dt 16:21; burnt by Gideon Ju 6:25, 26, 28, 30. Pl. אֲשֵׁרוֹת a. the goddess Ju 3:7 (prob. error for עַשְׁתָּרֹת 𝔙). b. sacred trees or poles 2 Ch 19:3; 33:3; elsewhere אֲשֵׁרִים id. Is 27:9 + 12 times; sf. Mi 5:13 + 5 times;—Ex 34:13 (J) Dt 7:5; 12:3 Is 17:8; 27:9 Je 17:2 Mi 5:13 1 K 14:15, 23 2 K 17:10, 23:14 2 Ch 14:2; 17:6; 24:18; 31:1; 33:19; 34:3, 4, 7.—(Cf. also StaZAW 1881, 344 f. RSSem i. 171 f., 175n. WeH 235, who think א׳ only the sacred pole.)

† I. אָבַל39 vb. mourn (Assyrian [abâlu] v. DlW)— Qal Pf. אָבַל Is 24:7 + 2 times etc. Impf. 3 fs. תֶּאֱבַל Ho 4:3 + 3 times—mourn, lament (poet. & higher style); abs., human subj. Jo 1:9 Am 8:8; 9:5 Is 19:8 (‖ אנה) cf. Jb 14:22 (subj. נַפְשׁוֹ); sq. על Ho 10:5; more often fig., inanim. subj., gates Is 3:26; land 24:4; 33:9 Ho 4:3 Jo 1:10 Je 4:28 (sq. על) 12:4; 23:10 cf. 12:11 (sq. על), יְהוּדָה 14:2; pastures Am 1:2. Hithp. —Pf. הִתְאַבֵּל 1 S 15:35; Impf. יִתְאַבָּ֑ל Ez 7:12, 27; וַיִּתְאַבֵּל Gn 37:34 + 3 times etc.; Imv. fs. הִתְאַבְּלִי 2 S 14:2; Pt. מִתְאַבֵּל 1 S 16:1 + 2 times etc.;—mourn (mostly prose) especially for dead, sq. על Gn 37:34 2 S 13:37; 14:2; 19:2 (‖ בכה) 2 Ch 35:24, cf. also Is 66:10 (over Jerusalem); abs. 1 Ch 7:22; cf. 2 S 14:2 play the mourner (where indic. by dress); over unworthy Saul sq. אֶל 1 S 15:35; 16:1; over sin sq. על Ezr 10:6 cf. (abs.) Ne 8:9; judgment of י׳ Ex 33:4 abs. (indic. by dress), Nu 14:39 Ez 7:27 (del. B Co); sq. כִּי 1 S 6:19; calamity Ne 1:4 Ez 7:12 cf. Dn 10:2. Hiph. Pf. הֶאֱבַלְתִּי Ez 31:15; Impf. וַיַּאֲבֶל־ La 2:8;—cause to mourn; Ez 31:15 abs. MT, but A B Co obj. תהום sq. על, caused the deep to mourn over; La 2:8 obj. wall etc.; (both these fig.; cf. Qal).

† מָשִׁיחַ n.m. anointed;—abs. מ׳ Lv 4:3 + 5 times; cstr. מְשִׁיחַ La 4:20 + 11 times; sf. מְשִׁיחִי ψ 132:17 1 S 2:35; מְשִׁיחֶ֑ךָ Hb 3:13 + 5 times; מְשִׁיחוֹ ψ 2:2 + 9 times; pl. sf. מְשִׁיחָ֑י 105:15 1 Ch 16:22;— 1. king of Israel anointed by divine command, מ׳ יהוה 1 S 24:7(×2), 11; 26:9, 11, 16, 23 2 S 1:14, 16; 19:22; La 4:20; מ׳ אלהי יעקב 2 S 23:1; so c. sfs. ref. to י׳, 1 S 12:3, 5; 16:6 ψ 20:7; 28:8; Hb 3:13; Davidic dynasty with Messianic ideals attached ψ 2:2; 18:51, = 2 S 22:51, ψ 89:39, 52; 132:10 = 2 Ch 6:42, ψ 132:17; 1 S 2:10, 35. 2. high priest of Israel, הַכֹּהֵן הַמָּשִׁיחַ, Lv 4:3, 5, 16; 6:15 (P); מְשִׁיהֶ֑ךָ ψ 84:10. 3. Cyrus as commissioned by י׳, מְשִׁיחוֹ Is 45:1. 4. Messianic prince, עַד־מָשִׁיחַ נָגִיד Dn 9:25 = מָשִׁיחַ v 26 (see BrMP 422 f.; others disting. מ׳ v 25 from v 26 and refer v 25 to Cyrus [as 3; so Ew v. Leng Schü Co Behrm], or h. p. Joshua [as 2; so Gr Bev], v 26 to Seleucus iv [Ew v. Leng], or h.p. Onias iii. [Hi Gr Co Bev Behrm]). 5. patriarchs, regarded as anointed kings ψ 105:15 = 1 Ch 16:22.

περιτομ-ή, ἡ, circumcision, LXX+2nd c.BC+ __II section of a machine, ἡ κάτω π. Refs 2nd c.AD+ __III circular incision, Refs 1st c.AD+

† טֻמְאָה n.f. uncleanness;—abs. ט׳ Nu 5:19 + 4 times; cstr. טֻמְאַת Lv 5:3 + 4 times; sf. טֻמְאָתֵךְ Ez 22:15 + 2 times etc., + 18 times sfs.; pl. טֻמְאֹת Lv 16:16, 19; sf. טֻמְאוֹתֵיכֶם Ez 36:25, 29; טֻמְאֹתָם Lv 16:16;— 1. sexual Nu 5:19 (P), La 1:9. 2. of a foul or filthy mass Ez 24:11 (in a caldron), 2 Ch 29:16 (in the temple). 3. ethical and religious Lv 16:16 (P), Ez 22:15; 24:13; 39:24; כפר על הקדשׁ מט׳ Lv 16:16 (P); קדּשׁ מט׳ Lv 16:19 (P); טהר מט׳ Ez 24:13; 36:25; הושׁיע מכל ט׳ 36:29; רוּחַ הט׳ unclean spirit, which inspired the prophets to lie Zc 13:2. 4. ritual, of men Lv 5:3(×2); 7:20, 21; 14:19; 15:3(×2), 31(×2) Nu 19:13 (all P), Lv 22:3, 5 (H); of women 2 S 11:4; וַיִּשְׁכַּב עִמָּהּ וְהִיא מִתְקַדֶּשֶׁת מִטֻּמְאָתָהּ v. Dr; a time favourable to conception RSK 276; Lv 15:25, 26, 30 (P), 18:19 (H), Ez 36:17; of meats Ju 13:7, 14. 5. local, of the nations Ezr 6:21; 9:11.

† אָשַׁם, אָשֵׁם vb. offend, be guilty (Arabic أَثِمَ peccavit, إِثْمٌ offence, أَثَامٌ, إِثَامٌ, requital, fault, mulct, cf. Ethiopic ሕሠም:)— Qal Pf. אָשַׁם Lv 5:19 Nu 5:7; אָשֵׁם Hb 1:11 + 7 times; אָֽשְׁמָה Nu 5:6; אָשָׁ֑מְתָּ Pr 30:10; אָשַׁמְתְּ Ez 22:4; אָשֵׁ֑מוּ Lv 4:13; Impf. יֶאְשַׁם Ho 4:15 + 13 times; Inf. abs. אָשֹׁם Lv 5:19; אָשׁוֹם Ez 25:12;— 1. commit an offence, a trespass, do a wrong, or an injury, with לְ: אָשֹׁם אָשַׁם ליהוה he hath done a great wrong to Yahweh (in violating the commands) Lv 5:19 (P); וְנָתַן לַאֲשֶׁר אָשַׁם לוֹ and he shall give it (restitution) to him to whom he did wrong Nu 5:7 (P), cf. 2 Ch 19:10, 10; וַיֶּאְשְׁמוּ אָשׁוֹם and they committed lasting wrong (irreparable wrong, the Edomites against Judah) Ez 25:12. 2. be or become guilty Ju 21:22 Je 50:7 Ho 4:15 Hb 1:11; in offences requiring sin-offering Lv 4:13, 22, 27 (P), of trespass-offering Lv 5:2, 3, 17, 23 Nu 5:6 (P); with ל guilty of Lv 5:4, 5 (P), with ב in or through Ez 22:4 Ho 13:1. 3. be held guilty, bear punishment ψ 34:22, 23 Pr 30:10 Is 24:6 Je 2:3 Ho 5:15; 10:2; 14:1 Zc 11:5 Ez 6:6 (but cf. שָׁמֵם). Niph. נֶאְשָׁמוּ suffer punishment Jo 1:18. (si vera l.; Me We al. נָשַׁמּוּ, √ שׁמם, cf. Drad loc). Hiph. Impf. sf. הַאֲשִׁימֵם declare them guilty ψ 5:11.

† זָרַק vb. to toss or throw (in a volume), scatter abundantly (NH id.; Aramaic זְרַק id., ܙܪܰܩ disperse; Assyrian zarâḳu Lotz TP 138 Jäger BAS ii. 292 Anm.; cf. also Arabic زَرَقَ cast at, pierce, زَرَّاقَةٌ and مِزْرَاقٌ javelin = Ethiopic ምዝራቅ )— Qal Pf. ז׳ Ex 24:6 Lv 17:6, sf. זְרָקוֹ Ex 9:8, זָֽרְקָה Ho 7:9 (12 times Pf.); Impf. יִזְרֹק Lv 7:2 + 16 times; Inf. לִזְרֹק Ez 43:18; Imv. זְרֹק Ez 10:2; Pt. זֹרֵק Lv 7:14, pl. זֹרְקִים 2 Ch 30:16; 1. toss (in handfuls, v. Ex 9:8; or from a bowl, מִזְרָק; opp. הִזָּה to sprinkle with the finger): a. cummin Is 28:25, dust, sq. עַל 2 Ch 34:4 Jb 2:12; ashes השׁמימה, heavenward, Ex 9:8, 10 (P), coals of fire על העיר Ez 10:2. b. blood, על (ה)מזבח throw (from a bowl) against the altar Ex 24:6 (JE), Lv 17:6 (H), Nu 18:17 (P), 2 K 16:13, 15 Ez 43:18, especially in the ritual, על המזבח סביב against the altar round about Ex 29:16, 20 Lv 1:5, 11; 3:2, 8, 13; 7:2; 8:19, 24; 9:12, 18 (all P); sq. על העם Ex 24:8 (JE), sq. המזבחה 2 Ch 29:22(×3); without designation of place Lv 7:14 (P), 2 Ch 30:16; 35:11. c. water for purification, sq. על, Ez 36:25. 2. intrans. (si vera l.) Ho 7:9 גַּם שֵׂיבָה זָֽרְקָה בּוֹ grey hairs are profuse upon him (?read זָֽרְחָה, as in 2 Ch 26:19). Pu. Pf. זֹרַק, of water of purification poured over (עַל) one defiled by a corpse Nu 19:13, 20 (P).

† עָרֵל35 adj. having foreskin, i.e. uncircumcised;—ע׳ Ex 12:48 + 5 times; cstr. עֶ֫רֶל Ez 44:9(×2); עֲרַל Ex 6:12, 30; f. עֲרֵלָה Je 6:10; pl. עֲרֵלִים Lv 19:23 + 20 times; cstr. עַרְלֵי Je 9:25 + 2 times;—uncircumcised person Ex 12:48; Jos 5:7 (P), Philistines Ju 14:3; 15:18; 1 S 14:6; 17:26, 36; 31:4; 2 S 1:20; 1 Ch 10:4; of other nations Is 52:1; Je 9:25, especially as slain Ez 28:10; 31:18; 32:19 + 9 times 32; in v 27 read מֵעוֹלָם so Hi and most (v. on meaning Toy 31:18); עָרֵל זָכֶר uncircumcised male Gn 17:14 (P); ע׳ בָּשָׂר Ez 44:7, 9 uncircumcised of flesh; fig. of fruit trees Lv 19:23 (cf. [עָרַל] supr.); ע׳ שְׂפָתַיִם fig. of incapacity to speak Ex 6:12, 30; of character, ע׳ לב Je 9:25; Ez 44:7, 9, cf. לִבָבָם הֶעָרֵל Lv 26:41 (H), עֲרֵלָה אָזְנָם Je 6:10 their ear is uncircumcised (unreceptive).

† II. [מוּל] vb. circumcise (NH id.; 𝔗 מוּל cut off but only seemingly in the dub. passages (v. III. [מָלַל] and Comm.) Jb 14:2; 18:16; 24:24 [ms. Levy], ψ 37:2; 90:6. (grass, etc.: only for iii. מָלַל, q.v.); cf. NH מָהַל, Aramaic מְהַל, according to Thes NöZMG xl. 1886, 741 Baib. xli. 1887, 626 v. also מהל supr.);— Qal Pf. 3 ms. מָל Jos 5:4 + 2 times; 2 ms. מַלְתָּה Ex 12:44; 3 mpl. מָ֫לוּ Jos 5:5, 7; 2 mpl. מַלְתֶּם Dt 10:16; Impf. וַיָּ֫מָל Gn 17:23 + 2 times; Imv. מֹל Jos 5:2; Pt. pass. מוּל Je 9:24; pl. מֻלִים Jos 5:5;—circumcise, c. acc. בשׂר ערלה (flesh of foreskin) Gn 17:23 (P), acc. pers. Gn 21:4 Ex 12:44 (P), Jos 5:2, 3 (J), v 4, 5, 7, 7 (D); fig. ערלת לבב (foreskin of the heart) Dt 10:16; לבב Dt 30:6; pass. מוּל בערלה Je 9:24; מֻלִים Jos 5:5 (D). Niph. Pf. 3 ms. נִמּוֹל (Ges§ 72 ee) Gn 17:26; 3 mpl. נִמֹּ֫לוּ Gn 17:27; 2 mpl. וּנְמַלְתֶּם (consec.) Gn 17:11 (for וּנְמַלֹּתֶם √ מלל Ew§ 234. e. Ges§ 67, R. 11; but Bö1146 B for וּנְמוֹלֹתֶם); Impf. יִמּוֹל Gn 17:12 + 3 times; 3 mpl. וַיִּמֹּ֫לוּ Gn 34:24; Imv. הִמֹּ֑לוּ Je 4:4; Inf. הִמּוֹל Gn 17:10 + 5 times; הִמֹּל Gn 34:15; sf. הִמֹּ֫לוֹ Gn 17:24, 25; Pt. pl. נִמֹּלִים Gn 34:22;—be circumcised, of בשׂר ערלה Gn 17:14, 24, 25 Lv 12:3; elsewhere of pers. Gn 17:10(×2), 12, 13(×2), 26, 27; 34:15, 17, 22, 24; Ex 12:48 (P), Jos 5:8 (J): reflex. הִמֹּלוּ לי׳ Je 4:4 circumcise yourselves to Yahweh (and take away the foreskin of your heart). Hiph. Impf. 1 s. בשׁם י׳ כי אֲמִילַ֑ם ψ 118:10, 11, 12 in the name of י׳, yea I will make them to be circumcised (enemies, by force of arms; but De cut to pieces (from מוּל = מָלַל), Che mow, Bae annihilate (?), 𝔊 Aq ἠμυνάμην, Symm διέθρυψα, Jer ultus sum eas). Hithpoʿl. Impf. 3 mpl. יִתְמֹלָ֑לוּ ψ 58:8 be cut off, of arrows, i.e. made blunt.

† I. מָחָה vb. wipe, wipe out (NH id.; Arabic مَحَا, efface, erase, cancel, obliterate; Aramaic מְחָא (i), cf. Ph. למחת according to stroke = exactly HoffmPh. Inschr., Abh. GGW. xxxvi. May 1889, 9).— Qal Pf. 3 ms. מָחָה Nu 5:23 + 3 times 3 fs. מָֽחֲתָה Pr 30:20 + 4 times Pf.; Impf. יִמְחֶה 2 K 21:13; וַיִּמַח (Baer; var. וַיִּמַּח) Gn 7:23; 1 s. sf. אֶמְחֶנּוּ Ex 32:33; + 4 times Impf.; Imv. מְחֵה ψ 51:3, 11; sf. מְחֵנִי Ex 32:32; Inf. abs. מָחֹה Ex 17:14; cstr. לִמְחוֹת 2 K 14:27; Pt. מֹחֶה Is 43:25; fpl. (לְ)מֹחוֹת Pr 31:3 (Ges Fl Nö De Str for MT לַמְחוֹת);— 1. wipe, the mouth Pr 30:20; tears from (מעל) the face Is 25:8; written curse, into the water (אל־מים) for drinking Nu 5:23 (P); Moses’ name from the book (מספר) of God Ex 32:32, 33 (J); וּמָחִיתִי אֶת־יְרוּשָׁלַם כַּאֲשֶׁר יִמְחֶה אֶת־הַצַּלַּחַת מָחָה וְהָפַךְ עַל־פָּנֶיהָ 2 K 21:13 and I will wipe Jerusalem as one wipeth a dish,—he doth wipe and turn it (but read prob. מָחֹה וְהָפֹךְ) upside down. 2. blot out = obliterate from the memory, מִתַּחַת הַשָּׁמַיִם from under heaven e.g. the name Dt 9:14; 29:19 2 K 14:27; the remembrance Ex 17:14(×2) (J), Dt 25:19; the name for ever ψ 9:6; transgressions (פשׁע; no more remembered by God against sinner) ψ 51:3 Is 43:25; 44:22; עָון ψ 51:11. 3. blot out = exterminate, כל־היקום all existing things Gn 7:23 (J) and mankind, מֵעַל פְּנֵי הָאֲדָמָה Gn 6:7; 7:4 (J); מֹחוֹת מְלָכִין Pr 31:3 (with the text-change, v. supr.) = destroyers of kings (i.e. impure women), but expression strange and dubious. Niph. Pf. 3 mpl. נִמְחוּ Ez 6:6; Impf. יִמָּחֶה Dt 25:6 Ju 21:17; יִמַּח ψ 109:13; 3 fs. תִּמָּ֑ח ψ 109:14; + 4 times Impf.;— 4. be wiped out מִסֵּפֶר חַיִּים ψ 69:29. 5. be blotted out, מִיִּשְׂרָאֵל of a name Dt 25:6, a tribe Ju 21:17; name (‖ posterity) ψ 109:13; from memory, of sins Ne 3:37 ψ 109:14; reproach, Pr 6:33. 6. be exterminated, מִן־הָאָרֶץ Gn 7:23 (J); of idolatrous works of Israel Ez 6:6. Hiph. . Impf. 2 ms. תֶּ֫מַח Ne 13:14; תֶּ֑מְחִי Je 18:23 (but tone suggests תֶּ֫מַח cf. Ges§ 75. R. 17; Gie reads Qal and doubts Hiph. altogether); Inf. לַמְחוֹת Pr 31:3 (= לְהַמְחוֹת but see Qal 3);—blot out, from the memory; pious acts Ne 13:14; sins Je 18:23.

† צָרַף vb. smelt, refine, test (NH id.; Ph. מצרף smelter: Assyrian ṣurrupu, refined, ṣarpu, silver, naṣraptu, crucible; Arabic صِرْفٌ is pure, unmixed (especially of wine);* very doubtful is Sab. צדף silver, money, cf. MordtmHim. Inschr. pp. 14, 29 CIS iv, No. 291, l. 1);— Qal Pf. 3 ms. צ׳ Je 6:29, sf. צְרָפָ֑תְהוּ ψ 105:19; 2 ms. sf. צְרַפְתָּנִי ψ 17:3, etc.; Impf. 1 s. אֶצְרֹף Is 1:25, sf. אֶצְרְפֶנּוּ Ju 7:4; Imv. ms. צרופה ψ 26:2 Kt, צָרְפָה Qr; Inf. abs. צָרוֹף Je 6:29; cstr. לִצְרוֹף Dn 11:35, etc.; Pt. act. sf. צוֹרְפָם Je 9:6, etc.; pass. צָרוּף ψ 12:7, etc.;— 1. smelt, refine: Je 6:29(×2) in vain hath he smelted continually (inf. abs.; fig. of purifying people); so smelt away Is 1:25 (acc. of dross; fig.); of silver Zc 13:9 ψ 66:10, כֶּסֶף צָרוּף בַּעֲלִיל 12:7 (all sim.); of אִמְרַת י׳ ψ 18:31 = 2 S 22:31, ψ 119:140 Pr 30:5 (אִמְרַת אֱלוֹהַּ); refine (men, by trials) Dn 11:35 (+ לְבָרֵר, לַלְבֵּן). 2. test Ju 7:4 I will test them (the warriors) for thee (י׳ subj.);—perhaps also v 3 (v. I. צפר); more gen., of י׳’s testing, trying (the hearts of) men (often ‖ בָּחַן) Je 9:6; Is 48:10; Zc 13:9 ψ 17:3; 26:2; 66:10. 3. test (& prove true) a man (subj. י׳’s saying) ψ 105:19. 4. Pt. act. as n. smelter, refiner, hence = goldsmith Ju 17:4; Je 10:9, 14; 51:17; Is 40:19(×2) (but perhaps del. vb, cf. Du Che Marti), 41:7; 46:6 Pr 25:4; as a guild Ne 3:8, 32. Niph. Impf. 3 mpl. יִצָּֽרְפוּ Dn 12:10 many shall be refined (by suffering; + יִתְבָּֽרְרוּ, יִתְלַבְּנוּ). Pi. Pt. מְצָרֵף as n. a refiner, כְּאֵשׁ מ׳ Mal 3:2 (sim. of י׳), cf. מְ׳ alone v 3 (+ מְטַהֵר כֶּסֶף).

ἀκᾰθαρ-τος, ον, (καθαίρω) uncleansed, foul, ἀήρRefs 5th c.BC+ of the body, Refs 5th c.BC+; of a woman, quae menstrua non habet, Refs 4th c.BC+; of ceremonial impurity, LXX __b unpurified, Refs 5th c.BC+ __2 morally unclean, impure, Refs 5th c.BC+thou beast! Refs 3rd c.BC+; ={μανιώδης}, NT+5th c.BC+. adverb ἀκαθάρτως, ἔχεινRefs 5th c.BC+ __3 ofthings, notpurgedaway, unpurged, Refs 5th c.BC+ __3.b unpruned, Refs 4th c.BC+ __3.c ceremonially unclean, of food, LXX+NT __3.d not sifted, containing impurities, Refs 3rd c.BC+ __II active, not fit for cleansing, [φάρμακα] ἑλκέων ἀκαθαρτότεραRefs 2nd c.AD+

† [סָפַד] vb. wail, lament (NH id.; 𝔗 סְפַד, ChrPal Aramaic ܣܦܕ id., SchwallyIdiot. 64; Assyrian [sapâdu], sipdu, sipittu, mourning DlHWB 507; cf. Amhar. ሰደፌ dirge PräZMGxxxv(1881), 762);— Qal Pf. 3 fs. וְסָֽפְדָה consec. Zc 12:12, 3 pl. וְסָֽפְדוּ consec. 1 K 14:13 Zc 12:10; Impf. 3 fs. וַתִּסְפֹּד 2 S 11:26, 2 ms. תִּסְפֹּד Ez 24:16, 1 s. cohort. אֶסְפְּדָה Mi 1:8, 3 mpl. יִסְפְּדוּ Je 6:16 +, etc.; Imv. mpl. סִפְדוּ 2 S 3:31 + 2 times; fpl. סְפֹּ֫דְנָה Je 49:3; Inf. abs. סָפוֹד Zc 7:5; cstr. סְפוֹד Ec 3:4, לִסְפֹּד Gn 23:2 1 K 13:29, לִסְפּוֹד Je 16:5; Pt. act. pl. סֹפְדִים Is 32:12, סוֹ׳ Ec 12:5;—wail, lament (with loud cries, etc., v. Mi 1:8, and cf. Dr Am 5:16), especially for dead, c. לְ, 1 S 25:1; 28:3 1 K 14:13, 18 Gn 23:2 (P) Je 16:6; 22:18(×2); 34:5, cf. וְאַל־תֵּלֵךְ לִסְפּוֹד וְאַל־תָּנֹד לָהֶם 16:5; c. עַל־ over 2 S 1:12; 11:26; 1 K 13:30, cf. Zc 12:10 (see v 12 infr.); c. לִפְנֵי i.e. marching before (bier) 2 S 3:31 (v. Dr); c. acc. cogn. Gn 50:10 (J); abs. 1 K 13:29 Ez 24:16 cf. v 23 Ec 3:4 (opp. רקד; cf. ψ 30:12), and pt. as subst. Ec 12:5 wailers; also, with idea of guilt on part of those wailing, Zc 12:12 (cf. v 10 supr.); over calamity, judgment, c. עַל־ Mi 1:8, abs. Je 4:8 (both + הֵילִיל), 49:3 and (with fasting) Zc 7:5 Jo 1:13.—עַל־שָׁדַיִם סֹפְדִים עַל־שְׂדֵי־חֶמֶד וגו׳ Is 32:12 is dub.; Thes Ew De Che al. upon the breasts smiting (?) for the fields, etc., but read prob. שָׂדִים (־וֹת, יִם—ַ) GesComm. (q.v.) Buhl Lex 13 Skinner al.: over the fields wailing, over the delightful fields, etc. Niph. Impf. 3 mpl. לֹא יִסָּֽפְדוּ Je 16:4 they shall not be bewailed, so 25:33.

ἱερ-εύς [ῐ], έως, Ionic dialect -ῆος, Refs 2nd c.BC+:—Ionic dialect nominative ἱρεύς Refs 8th c.BC+: Doric dialect ἱᾰρεύς Refs; accusative plural τὸς ἱαρές Refs:— also ἱέρεως (Attic dialect and proparoxytone accusative to Refs 4th c.BC+; genitive ἱέρεω Refs 3rd c.BC+; dative ἵρεῳ Refs 5th c.BC+; accusative ἱέρεω Refs 2nd c.BC+: ἱερής Refs 4th c.BC+ ἱαρής Refs 4th c.BC+: (ἱερός):—priest, sacrificer, diviner, Refs 8th c.BC+; ἐφ᾽ ἱερέως, as a date, Refs 4th c.BC+, etc. (frequently unaspirated, ἐπ᾽ ἰερέως Refs; of the Jewish High Priest, LXX+1st c.BC+; at Rome, = pontifex, Refs; ἱ. ὁ μέγιστος, = pont. maximus, Refs 1st c.BC+ __2 metaphorically, ἱ. τις ἄτας a minister of woe, Refs 5th c.BC+; ἱ. Διονύσου, of a winebibber, Refs 5th c.BC+

κᾰθαρ-ίζω, future -ιῶNT:—cleanse, θυσιαστήριον LXX+NT; sift grain, Refs 3rd c.AD+; prune away, περισσὰ βλαστήματα Refs 1st c.AD+; clear ground of weeds, etc., Refs 4th c.AD+; keep a precinct clear, ἀπό τινων Refs 1st c.BC+ —in middle, future -ιοῦμαι, of the menses, Refs 5th c.BC+ __II of persons, purify, ἀπὸ ἁμαρτίας LXX+NT; cleanse from leprosy, NTpassive, -ιζέστω ἀπὸ γυναικός κτλ. Refs

† יָלַל vb.Hiph. howl, make a howling (onomatop.)— Hiph. Pf. וְהֵילִל Je 47:2; וְהֵילִי֫לוּ consec. Am 8:3; Impf. יְיֵלִיל Is 15:2 + 3 times (Ges§ 70, 2, R. 2 Köi 437, 421); אֲיֵלִיל Je 48:31; וְאֵילִי֫לָה Mi 1:8; יְיֵלִי֫לוּ Ho 7:14 (Köi 421); יְהֵילִי֫לוּ Is 52:5; תְּיֵלִי֫לוּ Is 65:14; Imv. הֵילֵל Ez 21:17; Zc 11:2; הֵילִי֫לִי Is 14:31; 49:3 + Je 48:20 Kt; הֵילִי֫לוּ Is 13:6 + 13 times + Je 48:20 Qr, + Ez 30:2 (del. 𝔊 Co);—utter or make a howling, give a howl, in distress, ‖ זעק Ho 7:14; Je 47:2; Is 14:31; Je 25:34; 48:20, 31 (sq. על), Ez 21:17; ‖ צעק Is 65:14 (sq. מִן of occasion, source); ‖ ספד Mi 1:8 Je 4:8; Jo 1:13; ‖ הֹבִישׁ Jo 1:11; ‖ בכה 1:5 (cf. Is 15:2, 3 + בֶּ֑כִי); sq. על Je 51:8; Is 15:2, 3; We proposes ילילו for יגילו Ho 10:5 (others יחילו, v. גיל supr. p. 162); sq. לְ Is 16:7; abs. והילילו שׁירות היכל Am 8:3 and palace-songs shall become howlings, Is 13:6; 16:7; 23:1, 6, 14; Je 48:39; 49:3 (Ez 30:2 v supr.), Zp 1:11; Zc 11:2(×2); in cruel exultation Is 52:5 cf. De Che Di.—On הֵילֵל בֶּן־שָׁ֑חַר Is 14:12 cf. sub הָלַל" dir="rtl" >I. הלל supr. p. 237.

† סֻכָּה n.f. thicket, booth (proposes of interwoven boughs cf. Ne 8:15);—abs. ס׳ Is 1:8 +; cstr. סֻכַּת Am 9:11; sf. סֻכָּתוֹ Jb 36:29 ψ 18:12, and so read ‖ 2 S 22:12 (for MT סֻכּוֹת; De Hup-Now HPS); usually pl. סֻכֹּת Gn 33:17 +; סֻכּוֹת 2 S 11:11; +;— 1. thicket, lurking-place of lions Jb 38:40 (cf. [סֹךְ] 1). 2. booth, rude or temporary shelter, for cattle Gn 33:17 (J; distinct from בַּיִת), but also for warriors in the field 2 S 11:11 1 K 20:12, 16; for watchers in vineyards Is 1:8 (sim.) Jb 27:18 (sim. of frailty), for man’s shelter from sun Jon 4:5, cf. (fig.) Is 4:6 ψ 31:21, prob. also 27:5 (v. [סֹךְ]); poet. of fallen house (dynasty) of David Am 9:11; of clouds as (temporary) enclosure (AV ‘pavilion’) of י׳ in storm ψ 18:12 = 2 S 22:12 Jb 36:29. 3. specif. of booths, made of boughs, in which people lived at harvest-feast Lv 23:42(×2), 43 (H), Ne 8:14, 15, 16, 17(×2), hence called חַג הַסֻּכּוֹת Dt 16:13, 16; 31:10; Lv 23:34 (P), Zc 14:16, 18, 19; 2 Ch 8:13; Ezr 3:4.

פֶּ֫סֶל31 n.m. Hb 2:18 idol, image;—abs. פ׳ Ju 17:3 +, פָּ֑סֶל Is 42:17; cstr. פֶּסֶל Ju 18:31 +; sf. פִּסְלִי Is 48:5, etc.; pl. supplied by פְּסִילִים, v. foll.;—idol, as likeness of man or animal Ex 20:4 = Dt 5:8; Dt 4:16, 23, 25, also 27:15; 2 K 21:7; 2 Ch 33:7; Is 42:17; 44:9; 48:5; Na 1:14; Hb 2:18 (of wood or stone, cf. v 19); of metal Ju 17:3, 4 + 6 times 18 (cf. GFM), Is 40:19; 44:10 (c. נָסַךְ), Je 10:14; 51:17 (c. צוֹרֵף); of wood Is 40:20; 44:15, 17; 45:20.

πάσχα, τό, indeclinable, the Hebrew “Passover” (from pāsa[hudot] 'pass over') or Paschal feast, LXX __2 paschal supper, NT __3 paschal lamb, θύειν τὸ π. LXX+NT

† I. חֵ֫רֶם n.m. Lv 27:28 1. devoted thing. 2. devotion, ban;—ח׳ abs. Jos 6:17 + 24 times (most read חֶרֶם Zc 14:11, Baer חֵרֶם); חֶ֑רֶם Jos 7:1; sf. חֶרְמִי 1 K 20:42 Is 34:5;—thing devoted to י׳: 1. thing hostile to theocracy, and therefore (in the strictest application) to be either destroyed, or, in the case of certain objects (e.g. silver and gold, vessels of brass and iron Jos 6:19, 24), set apart to sacred uses; especially a. of a Canaan. city, as Jericho, incl. all inhab. (except Rahab’s family) and spoil Jos 6:17, 18(×2); 7:1, 11, 15; Achan by taking מִן־הַחֵרֶם made (camp of) Isr. ח׳ 7:12 cf. 6:18, and became himself ח׳, and was stoned and, with his family and possessions, incl. the spoil, was burnt 7:1, 11, 12, 13(×2) (all JE except 7:1 P; cf. v 15, 24, 25); מָעַל מַעַל בַּח׳ committed unfaithfulness in the matter of the devoted thing is term for the sin Jos 7:1 22:20 (both P), cf. מָעַל בַּח׳ 1 Ch 2:7; Saul and Isr. spared Agag king of Amalek and רֵאשִׁית הַח׳ i.e. of the spoil (sheep and oxen), wh. should have been utterly destroyed 1 S 15:21 (cf. v 3, 8; Saul rejected by י׳ for this v 11, 26); so an idolatr. city in Isr. should become ח׳, with all its contents, and be utterly destroyed Dt 13:17 (cf. v 13, 15, 16). b. of individuals, one having relic of Canaanit. god in his house should become ח׳, the relic being ח׳ Dt 7:26(×2); every human being who became ח׳ should be killed Lv 27:29(×2) (P; v. Di). 2. appar. (so Di) anything devoted to sanctuary under specially stringent conditions Lv 27:28 (v. Di; and cf. Ezr 10:8); a field consecrated to י׳ becomes under certain conditions כִּשְׂדֵה הַח׳ Lv 27:21; every ח׳ is קֹדֶשׁ קָֽדָשִׁים ליהוה v 28, and no ח׳ that a man may devote, whether man, beast or field, may be sold or redeemed v 28; every such ח׳ (as in case of metals and metal objects Jos 6:17, 19) went to Aaron and his sons Nu 18:14 (P), to Zadokite priests Ez 44:29. 3. devotion, ban, involving destruction; אִישׁ חֶרְמִי 1 K 20:42 man under my (י׳’s) ban (of Benhadad); עַם חֶרְמִי Is 34:5 (of Edom); נתן לַח׳ Is 43:28 fig. of י׳’s giving over Jud. to Chald.; ח׳ not to be in future Zc 14:11; פֶּן־אָבוֹא וְהִכֵּיתִי אֶת־הָאָרֶץ ח׳ Mal 3:24 smite the land with a ban, i.e. utterly destroy it.

† נִדָּה n.f. impurity (as abhorrent, shunned);—abs. נ׳ Ez 18:6 +; cstr. נִדַּת Lv 12:2 +; sf. נִדָּתָהּ v 5 +;—impurity (especially P and Ezek.): 1. of ceremonial impurity, as union with brother’s wife, Lv 20:21; especially of menstruation Ez 18:6 (read אִשָּׁה בְּנִדָּתָהּ for MT א׳ נִדָּה 𝔖 Co), טְמֵאַת הַנּ׳ 22:10, cf. 36:17, נִדַּת דְּוֹתָהּ Lv 12:2, cf. v 5; 15:19, 20, 24, 25 (עֶת־נִדּ׳), v 25(×2), v 26 (מִשְׁכַּב נִדּ׳), v 26 (טֻמְאַת נִדּ׳), v 33; 18:19; of defilement contracted by contact with a corpse, מֵי (הַ)נִּדָּה water of impurity (i.e. to remove it, cf. Di) Nu 19:9, 13, 20, 21(×2); 31:23. 2. fig. (with allusion to cerem. usage), impure thing, Ez 7:19, 20 (of gold), La 1:17 (of Jerus.); of idolatry, immorality, etc., 2 Ch 29:5 Ezr 9:11 (אֶרֶץ נִדָּה), v 11, Zc 13:1 (לְחַטַּאת וּלְנִדָּה).

ἁγι-άζω, ={ἁγίζω}, LXX+1st c.AD+:—passive, ἁγιασθήτω τὸ ὄνομά σουNT

κᾰθᾰρ-ός, ά, όν, Doric dialect καθαρός Refs 5th c.AD+, Aeolic dialect κόθ- Refs 7th c.BC+; compare ἀνακαθαίρω, κάθαρσις: __1 physically clean, spotless (not in Refs 8th c.BC+; of persons, cleanly, κ. περὶ ἐσθῆτα Refs 4th c.BC+ __2 clear of admixture, clear, pure, especially of water, Βορυσθένης ῥέει καθαρὸς παρὰ θολεροῖσι LXX+5th c.BC+; κ. φάος, φέγγος, Refs 5th c.BC+; of white bread, Wilcken LXX+3rd c.BC+; ἄλευρον κ. Refs; χρυσίον, ἀργύριον -ώτατον, Refs 5th c.BC+winnowed, πυρὸς κ. ἄδολος Refs 2nd c.BC+, etc.; of metals, etc., σίδηρος Refs 5th c.AD+, etc.; ἀρωμάτων, καθαρῶν, λαχάνων, uncertain meaning in Refs 4th c.AD+; ἄκρατος καὶ κ. νοῦς Refs 5th c.BC+; of feelings, unmixed, μῖσος τῆς ἀλλοτρίας φύσεως Refs 6th c.BC+; serene, φρήν Refs 5th c.BC+ __3 clear of objects, free, ἐν καθαρῷ (i.e. τόπῳ) in an open space, ἐν κ., ὅθι δὴ νεκύων διεφαίνετο χῶρος Refs 8th c.BC+; πάξαις Ἄλτιν ἐν κ. in a clearing, Refs 5th c.BC+; ἐν κ. βῆναι to leave the way clear, Refs 5th c.BC+; ἐν τῷ κ. οἰκεῖν live in the clear sunshine, Refs 5th c.BC+; διὰ καθαροῦ ῥέειν, of a river whose course is clear and open, Refs 5th c.BC+ substantive, κελεύθῳ ἐν κRefs 5th c.BC+; χῶρος κ. Refs 5th c.BC+; ἐν ἡλίῳ κ. in the open sun, opposed to σκιά, Refs 5th c.BC+; ὥς σφι τὸ ἐμποδὼν ἐγεγόνεε κ. was cleared away, Refs 5th c.BC+; κ. ποιεῖσθαι τὰς ἀρκυστασίας set up the nets in open ground, Refs 5th c.BC+; frequently of land, free from weeds, etc., παραδώσω τὸν κλῆρον κ. ἀπὸ θρύου καλάμου ἀγρώστεως κτλ. Refs 2nd c.BC+; παραδώσω τὰς ἀρούρας κ. ὡς ἔλαβον Refs 3rd c.AD+ clear of the marks, Refs 5th c.BC+; καθαρὸν τῶν προβόλων, of a fort, Refs 2nd c.AD+; of documents, free from mistakes, Refs 3rd c.AD+; χειρόγραφον κ. ἀπὸ ἐπιγραφῆς καὶ ἀλείφαδος free from interlineation and erasure, Refs 2nd c.AD+ __3.b metaphorically, free, clear of debt, liability, etc., κ. ἀπὸ δημοσίων καὶ παντὸς εἴδους Refs 1st c.AD+; γῆ κ. ἀπὸ γεωργίας βασιλικῆς Refs 2nd c.AD+; καθαρὰ ποιῆσαι to give a discharge, Refs; in moral sense, free from pollution, καθαρῷ θανάτῳ an honourable death, Refs 8th c.BC+; frequently free from guilt or defilement, pure, χεῖρες Refs 5th c.BC+; ἔρχομαι ἐκ κοθαρῶν κοθαρά OrphRefs; of ceremonial purity, καθαρὰ καὶ ἁγνή εἰμι ἀπό τε τῶν ἄλλων τῶν οὐ καθαρευόντων καὶ ἀπ᾽ ἀνδρὸς συνουσίας Jusj. cited in LXX+4th c.BC+; especially of persons purified after pollution, ἱκέτης προσῆλθες κ. Refs 5th c.BC+; also of things, βωμοί, θύματα, δόμος, μέλαθρα, Refs 5th c.BC+: with genitive, clear of or from.. , κ. ἐγκλημάτων Refs 5th c.BC+; ἀδικίας, κακῶν, NT+5th c.BC+; ceremonially pure, of food, ὄσπριον Refs 5th c.BC+; of victims, LXX+2nd c.AD+, etc.; κ. ἡμέραι, opposed to ἀποφράδες, Refs 5th c.BC+ __3.c in active sense, purifying, cleansing, λέβης Refs 5th c.BC+ __4 of birth, pure, genuine, σπέρμα θεοῦ Refs 5th c.BC+; πόλις Refs 5th c.BC+; τῶν Ἀθηναίων ὅπερ ἐστράτευε καθαρὸν ἐξῆλθε, i.e. were citizens of pure blood, Refs 5th c.BC+; οἱ τῷ γένει μὴ κ. Refs 4th c.BC+; κ. ἀστοί Refs 5th c.BC+; καθαρόν a real, genuine saying, Refs 5th c.BC+; κ. Τίμων a Timon pure and simple, Refs 4th c.BC+; ζημία κ., of a person, Alciphro 3.21. __5 of language, pure, ὀνόματα, λέξις, Refs 1st c.BC+; so of writers, [Λυσίας] κ. τὴν ἑρμηνείαν Refs; also, clear, simple, σεμνὸς καὶ κ. Refs 4th c.AD+ __5.b Grammars, preceded by a vowel, pure, Refs 2nd c.BC+; containing a 'pure' syllable, Refs __6 without blemish, sound, ὁ κ. στρατός, τὸ κ. τοῦ στρατοῦ, the sound portion of the army, Refs 5th c.BC+ __7 clear, exact, ἂν κ. ὦσιν αἱ ψῆφοι if the accounts are exactly balanced, Refs 4th c.BC+ __II adverb purely, ἁγνῶς καὶ καθαρῶς Refs 8th c.BC+: comparative -ωτέρωςRefs 3rd c.AD+ __II.2 of birth, κ. γεγονέναι Refs 5th c.BC+ __II.3 with clean hands, honestly, σὺν δίκῃ.. καὶ κ. Refs 6th c.BC+; δικαίως καὶ κ. Refs 5th c.BC+ __II.4 clearly, plainly, λέγειν Refs 5th c.BC+ __II.5 of language, purely, correctly, -ώτερον διαλέγεσθαι Refs 1st c.AD+ __II.6 entirely, Refs 5th c.BC+ in its purest form, Refs 1st c.BC+

† כַּפֹּרֶת n. propitiatory, late techn. word from כּפר cover over sin: the older explan. cover, lid has no justification in usage; 𝔊 ἱλαστήριον; only P: Ex 25:17, 18, 19, 20(×2), 21, 22; 26:34; 30:6; 31:7; 35:12; 37:6, 7, 8, 9(×2); 39:35; 40:20 Lv 16:2(×2), 13, 14(×2), 15(×2) Nu 7:89, and 1 Ch 28:11; it was a slab of gold 2 ½ cubits × 1 ½ c. placed on top of the ark of the testimony. On it, and a part of it, were two golden cherubim facing each other, whose outstretched wings came together above and constituted the throne of Yahweh. When the high priest entered the Holy of Holies on the day of atonement it was necessary that this highest place of atonement should be enveloped in a cloud of incense. The blood of the sin-offering of the atonement was then sprinkled on the face of and seven times before it. The temple proper, as distinguished from porch etc., was called בֵּית הַכּ׳ 1 Ch 28:11.

† I. מַסֵּכָה n.f. 1. libation; 2. molten metal, or image;—מ׳ Ex 32:4 +; cstr. מַסֵּכַת Is 30:22; pl. מַסֵּכוֹת 1 K 14:9 +; sf. מַסֵּכֹתָם Nu 33:52;— 1. libation, with covenant sacrif. in making covenant Is 30:1 (= 1. נֶסֶךְ; see, however, sub II. [נָסַךְ]). 2. molten metal, or image: עֵגֶל מַסֵּכָה molten calf Ex 32:4, 8; Dt 9:16; Ne 9:18, cf. ψ 106:19; אֱלֹהֵי מַסֵּכָה molten gods Ex 34:17; Lv 19:4; צַלְמֵי מ׳ Nu 33:52; פֶּסֶל וּמַסֵּכָה Dt 27:15; Ju 17:3, 4; 18:14; Na 1:14; 2 Ch 34:3, 4, elsewhere (variously) Dt 9:12; Ju 18:17, 18; 1 K 14:9; 2 K 17:16; 2 Ch 28:2; Is 30:22; 42:17; Ho 13:2; Hb 2:18.

† נְדָבָה n.f. voluntariness, freewill-offering;—abs. נ׳ Ex 35:29 + 14 times; cstr. נִדְבַת Dt 16:10; pl. נְדָבוֹת Am 4:5 ψ 68:10; נְדָבֹת 110:3; cstr. נִדְבוֹת 119:108 2 Ch 31:14; sf. נִדְבֹתֶ֫יךָ Dt 12:17 + 4 times sfs.;— 1. voluntariness אֹהֲבֵם נְדָבָה Ho 14:5 I (י׳) will love them freely; עַמְּךָ נְדָבֹת בְּיוֹם חֵילֶ֑ךָ ψ 110:3 thy people will be (all) voluntariness in the day of thy host (be ready to volunteer, v. BrMP 133); גֶּשֶׁם נדבות 68:10 generous (copious) rain; בנדבה 54:7 voluntarily, and adverb. acc. נדבה Dt 23:24 (v. Dr). 2. freewill, voluntary, offering: a. incl. gifts used in erection and furnishing of tabernacle Ex 35:29; 36:3 (P); for first temple 2 Ch 31:14, second Ezr 1:4; 8:28. b. incl. עולה and שׁלמים Ez 46:12(×2); prob. also Am. 4:5, נדבות פִי ψ 119:108. c. usually a זֶבַח for festival meals, at Passover 2 Ch 35:8, Pentecost Dt 16:10, Tabernacles Ezr 3:5 (besides the ritual offerings); disting. from נֶדֶר votive offering Lv 7:16 Nu 15:3; 29:39 (P), Lv 22:18, 21, 23; 23:38 (H), Dt 12:6, 17.—(Verbs used are הביא נ׳ Ex 35:29; 36:3; הקריב נ׳ Lv 22:18; עשׂה נ׳ Nu 15:3 Ez 46:12; נתן נ׳ Lv 23:38 Dt 16:10.)

† צוֹם n.m. Is 58:5 fasting, fast;—צ׳ abs. 2 S 12:16 +, cstr. Zc 8:19 (4 times); sf. צֹמְכֶם Is 58:3; pl. צוֹמוֹת Est 9:31;—fast, as acc. cogn. 2 S 12:16; public observance 1 K 21:9, 12; 2 Ch 20:3; Ezr 8:21; Je 36:9; Jon 3:5 (all obj. of קָרָא proclaim), cf. Jo 1:14; 2:15 (both obj. of קַדְּשׁוּ); יוֹם צוֹם Je 36:6, יוֹם צֹמְכֶם Is 58:3, cf. v 5 (‖ יוֹם עַנּוֹת אָדָם נַפְשׁוֹ), v 5, 6; of periodic fasts Zc 8:19(×4) Est 9:31; act or state of fasting, נֶאֶסְפוּ בְצ׳ וּבְשַׂקִּים Ne 9:1 cf. Jo 2:12; Dn 9:3; Est 4:3; עִנֵּיתִי בַצּ׳ נַפְשִׁי ψ 35:13 cf. 69:11 (on וָאֶבְכֶּה v. Che Bae); causing physical weakness 109:24.

† נֵ֫זֶר n.m. ψ 132:18 consecration, crown, Naziriteship;—נ׳ abs. 2 S 1:10 +; cstr. Ex 29:6 +; sf. נִזְרוֹ ψ 89:40 +, נִזְרֵךְ Je 7:29;— 1. crown (sign of consecration; WeSkizzen iii. 118 cp. Syriac קדשא [ܩܕܳܫܳܐ], earring; v. also GeiJüd. Zeitschr. x. 45. ff. on נֶוֶם): a. of kg. 2 S 1:10 2 K 11:12 = 2 Ch 23:11; symbol of royal power ψ 89:40; 132:18; cf. Pr 27:24; אַבְנֵי נ׳ Zc 9:16 stones of a crown, diadem (prob.; > We Now—who del., cf. GASm—stones of charming, from use of precious stones as charms. b. of high priest, נ׳ הַקֹּדֶשׁ Ex 29:6, made of gold 39:30 Lv 8:9 (all P). 2. woman’s hair (orig. prob. of long hair as sign of consecration, as in Nazirite vow, cf. Nu 6:19 infr., and נָזִיר, also WeSkizzen iii. 117, 167; Arab. Heidenthum 2, p. 143 RSSem i. 464, 2d ed. 483), Je 7:29 (of personif. Jerus.). 3. consecration a. of h. p. נ׳ שֶׁמֶן מִשְׁחַת א׳ עליו Lv 21:12 (P) the consecration of the oil of anointing of his God is upon him. b. in Nu 6 (P), specif. of Nazirite consecration (cf. נָזִיר): נ׳ אֱלֹהָיו עָלָיו Nu 6:7, נֶדֶר נִזְרוֹ v 5, טָמֵא נ׳ v 12, רֹאֹשׁ נ׳ (because of unshorn hair) v 9, 18(×2), יְמֵי נ׳ (כָּל־) v 4, 8, 12, 13, תּוֹרַת נ׳ v 21 b cf. עַל־נ׳ v 21 a; in v 19 נ׳ = the hair of his consecration (cf. Je 7:29 supr.).

† אֵ֫בֶל n.m. Gn 50:11 mourning—abs. Gn 50:10 + 17 times; cstr. 27:41 + 3 times; אֶבְלֵךְ Is 60:20; אֶבְלָם Je 31:13—for dead, cstr. Gn 27:41 Dt 34:8 (‖ בּכי) so א׳ יָחִיד sim. for grievous mourning Am 8:10, id. metaph. Je 6:26 (‖ מִסְפַּד תַּמְרוּרִים); Gn 50:11(×2) Je 16:7 cf. 2 S 19:3 עשה א׳ Ez 24:17 (v. Co) sq. לְ Gn 50:10 (v. also ii. אָבֵל ad fin.); for calamity, Est 4:3; 9:22 (‖ יָגוֹן; contr. יוֹם טוֹב) Jb 30:31 (‖ קול בכים) Is 60:20; 61:3 (where appar. = mourning garb, sq. מַעֲטֵה תְהִלָּה, v. also Bi Che on text; ‖ רוּחַ כֵּהָה; contr. שֶׁמֶן שָׂשׂוֹן); Je 31:13 (‖ שׂשׂון), La 5:15 (‖ מָחוֹל), Am 5:16 (‖ מִסְפֵּד); cf. א׳ כִּבְנוֹת יַעֲנָה Mi 1:8; = time, period of mourning 2 S 11:27; בֵּית א׳ Ec 7:2 (‖ בּ׳ מִשְׁתֶּה, v 4 (‖ בּ׳ שִׂמְחָה); בִּגְדֵי א׳ garments of mourning 2 S 14:2.

† [פָּסִיל23] n.m. Dt 7:25 id.;—pl. (פֶּ֫סֶל serving as sg.) פְּסִילִים Ju 3:19 +; פְּסִלִים Ho 11:2 +; cstr. פְּסִילֵי Je 51:47 +; sf. פְּסִילֶיךָ Mi 5:12, etc.;—idols, Ho 11:2; Is 10:10 + 10 times, + (of wood, c. שָׂרַף) Dt 7:5, 25, so (c. גִּדַּע) 12:3; of stone Is 21:9 (c. שִׁבַּר), Ju 3:19, 26 (cf. GFM), stone or metal Mi 1:7; 2 Ch 34:7 (כִּתַּת), cf. v 3, 4; (sheathed with) silver Is 30:22.

εἰκών, ἡ, genitive όνος, accusative όνα, etc.: poetry and Ionic dialect nominative εἰκώ is implied (though not found) in genitive εἰκοῦς Refs 5th c.BC+:—likeness, image, whether picture or statue, Refs 5th c.BC+; of needlework, Refs 5th c.BC+; bust, Refs 2nd c.AD+; εἰ. βασιλικαί, = Latin imagines imperatorum, Refs 5th c.BC+ __2 image in a mirror, Refs 5th c.BC+ __3 personal description, Refs 2nd c.BC+ __4 metaphorically, living image, representation, εἰ. ζῶσα τοῦ Διός Refs 2nd c.BC+; τοῦ θεοῦ NT __II semblance, phantom, Refs 5th c.BC+; imaginary form, Refs 5th c.BC+; image in the mind, εἰκοὺς πατρός Refs 5th c.BC+; εἰκόνας σῆς ἀρετῆς thy virtue's counterparts, of children, Refs 5th c.BC+ __III similitude, comparison, Refs 5th c.BC+ __IV pattern, archetype, ποτὶ τὰν εἰκόνα [κόσμος] ἀπειργασμένος Refs 5th c.BC+

† [כָּהַן] vb. only Pi.denom. act as priest;—Pf. כִּהֵן Ex 40:13 1 Ch 5:36; 3 mpl. כִּהֲנוּ Ex 28:41; 40:15; Impf. 3 ms. יְכַהֵן Nu 3:4 + 2 times; pl. יְכַהֲנוּ 1 Ch 24:2; Inf. cstr. כַּהֵן Ex 29:1 + 11 times; sf. כַּהֲנוֹ Ex 28:1, 3, 4.— 1. minister as a priest, abs. Ex 31:10; 35:19; 39:41 Lv 16:32 Nu 3:3, 4 (all P); כ׳ לִי minister to me (י׳) Ex 28:1, 3, 4, 41; 29:1, 44; 30:30; 40:13, 15 (all P), Ez 44:13 Ho 4:6; כ׳ ליהוה Lv 7:35 (P), 1 Ch 5:36; 24:2 2 Ch 11:14 (always of Aaron and his sons, except Ez 44:13 2 Ch 11:14, where Levites are forbidden to minister; and Ho 4:6 of Israel, whose national priesthood is taken away). 2. be or become priest Dt 10:6 (E?). 3. play the priest: כֶּחָתָן יְכַהֵן פְּאֵר Is 61:10 as a bridegroom (that) priests it with his turban, decks himself with a splendid turban such as the priests wore.

† I. [נָזָה] vb. spurt, spatter, Hiph. sprinkle (NH Hiph. sprinkle; Aramaic נְדָא, אַדֵּי Lv 4:6 and often, for הִזָּה; Syriac ܢܕܳܐ is erupit, stillavit Is 63:3, also prominuit, etc. PS2291);— Qal Impf. 3 ms. יִזֶּה Lv 6:20(×2), וְיֵז Is 63:3 (but read; וַיֵּז Che Di Du Ges§ 53, p. N., 107 b N. al.), וַיִּז 2 K 9:33;—spurt, spatter, always of blood:—וַיִּן מִדָּמָהּ אֶל־ 2 K 9:33 and some of her blood spurted against the wall; so ויז נִצְחָם Is 63:3 (c. עַל־ rei, in metaph.); יִזֶּה מִדָּמָה Lv 6:20, cf. v 20 (both c. עַל־ rei). Hiph. Pf. 3 ms. וְהִזָּה consec. Lv 4:6 + 12 times; 2 ms. וְהִזֵּיתָ֫ Ex 29:21; Impf. יַזֶּה Lv 16:14 (Is 52:15, v. infr.); וַיַּז Lv 8:11, 30; Imv. הַזֵּה Nu 8:7; Pt. cstr. מַזֵּה Nu 19:21;—cause to spurt, sprinkle upon in ceremonials of P: c. acc. + עַל־ pers. Nu 8:7 (water), + עַל־ rei, לִפְנֵי rei Lv 16:15; obj. often מִן partit., or implied in context; sq. עַל־ Lv 5:9; 14:7; 16:14, 19 (all of blood); 8:11 (oil); Nu 19:18, 19 (water), Ex 29:21; Lv 8:30 (both blood and oil); sq. אֶל־ Lv 14:51 (blood and water), אֶל־נֹכַח פְּנֵי Nu 19:4 (blood); sq. לִפְנֵי Lv 4:6, 17; 16:14 (blood), 14:16, 27 (oil); once without prep. מַזֵּה Nu 19:21 the sprinkler of the water.—Is 52:15 v. נָזָה²" dir="rtl" >II. נזה.

† [קָסַם] vb.denom. practise divination;— Qal Impf. 3 mpl. יִקְסְמוּ 2 K 17:17, יִקְסֹ֑מוּ Mi 3:11; 2 fs. תִּקְסַמְנָה Ez 13:23; Imv. fs. קָסֳמִי 1 S 28:8 Qr (Kt קסומי); Inf. cstr. קְסֹם Mi 3:8 (Buhl קֶסֶם), קֶסָם־ Ez 21:26, 34 קְסָ֯ום־ Ez 21:28 (read קֶסֶם Co Buhl), especially Pt. קֹסֵם Dt 18:10; Is 3:2, etc.;— 1. of diviners of the nations, Balaam, Jos 13:22 (D), Philist. 1 S 6:2 (‖ כהנים), Bab. Is 44:25 (‖ חכמים) Ez 21:26 cf. שׁוא" dir="rtl" >ק׳ שׁוא Ez 21:28 (but read קֶסֶם), + Is 2:6 (ins. prob. קֹסְמִים, > קֶסֶם, or מִקְסָם; v. קֶדֶם 1 b); of Can. necromancers בָּאוֹב 1 S 28:8; ‖ מְעֹנְנִים Dt 18:14; of Ammonites ק׳ כָּזָב Ez 21:34 (+ ל pers.). 2. false proph. of Isr. ‖ חזה Mi 3:6 (? קֶסֶם; ‖ חזון), v 7; Is 3:2 (+ נביא; cf. v 3), ‖ נביאים Je 27:9; 29:8, בְּכֶסֶף Mi 3:11, ‖ חזה שׁקר Zc 10:2; ‖ חזה שׁוא: ק׳ קֶסֶם Ez 13:23 (but v. קֶסֶם), ק׳ כָּזָב Ez 13:9; 22:28, + 13:6 (read וְקָֽסְמוּ, or [Co Berthol] inf. abs. וְקָסֹם, Vrss. Toy). 3. ק׳ קְסָמִים prohibited Dt 18:10 2 K 17:17.

βάπτ-ισμα, ατος, τό, baptism, NT

† חֹזֶה n.m. seer;—abs. ח׳ Am 7:12 + 7 times; cstr. חֹזֵה 1 Ch 21:9 + 3 times; חוֹזֵה 2 Ch 35:15; pl. חֹזִים Is 29:10 + 4 times; חוֹזִים 2 Ch 33:19 (so read with 𝔊; חוֹזָ֑י MT scribal error)— 1. seer: a. of unnamed persons, syn. נבא(ים) 2 K 17:13 Is 29:10; רֹאִים Is 30:10; קֹסְמִים Mi 3:7; historical writers דִּבְרֵי הַחֹזִים 2 Ch 33:18, דברי חוזים (𝔊) 2 Ch 33:19 (MT appar. n.pr.) b. named prophets; Gad 2 S 24:11 = 1 Ch 21:9, 1 Ch 29:29 2 Ch 29:25; Amos Am 7:12; Iddo 2 Ch 9:29; 12:15; Jehu 2 Ch 19:2. c. the singers: Heman 1 Ch 25:5; Asaph 2 Ch 29:30; Jeduthun 2 Ch 35:15. Note. It seems best to add 2. vision (cf. רֹאֶה Is 28:7) עִם שְׁאוֹל עָשִׂינוּ חֹזֶה Is 28:15 with Sheʾôl we made a vision (had a vision, in connexion with Sheʾôl—i.e. by necromancy, v. Du—which makes us secure; ‖ כרת ברית אֶת־מָוֶת); Ew§ 156 e trans. oracle here and 2 K 17:13; HoffmZAW iii. 95 puts this under 1: ‘we have appointed a prophet with Sheʾôl (SS “Ein bei der Scheol bestellter Seher”), who is answerable to us for it;’ 𝔊 𝔙 𝔗 AV RV Che Di al., are at (or have made an) agreement (prophetic advice of seers being taken at time of making treaties; v. חָזוּת 1)—Vid. also כָּל־חֹזֶה" dir="rtl" >כָּל־חֹזֶה n.pr.m. sub כל.

† I. לְבֹנָה, לְבוֹנָה n.f. frankincense (from white colour, cf. LagBN 33; NH id.; Aramaic id., לְבוּנְתָּא, ܠܒܽܘܢܬܳܐ; Ph. לבנת; Arabic لُبَانٌ (Lane 3007); Ethiopic ሊባኖስ is from λιβανος);—ל׳ Ex 30:24 + 18 times; לְבֹנָתָהּ Lv 2:2, 16;—used in prep. of holy incense Ex 30:34 (‖ סַמִּים); used as incense Je 6:20, on meal-offering Lv 2:1, 2, 15, 16; 6:8, cf. 5:11 Nu 5:15; also Je 17:26; 41:5; Is 43:23; 66:3; with shew-bread Lv 24:7; Ne 13:5, 9 1 Ch 9:29 (‖ בְּשָׂמִים); burned as perfume (art. of luxury) Ct 3:6 (‖ מֹר); גִּבְעַת חַלְּבוֹנָה 4:6 (‖ הַר הַמּוֹר); עֲצֵי לְבוֹנָה v 14 (‖ נֵרְדְּ, כַּרְכֹּם, קָנֶה, קִנָּמוֹן, מֹר, אֲהָלוֹת); as tribute to Zion Is 60:6 (‖ זהב).—In Hex only P.

† [צוּם] vb. abstain from food, fast (NH id.; Arabic (صوم), صَامَ Ethiopic ጾመ: Aramaic צוּם, ܨܳܡ );— Qal Pf. 2 ms. צַמְתָּ 2 S 12:21; 2 mpl. צַמְתֶּם Zc 7:5, sf. צַמְתֻּנִי v 5; Impf. 3 ms. וַיָּ֫צָם 2 S 12:16, וַיָּצוֹ֑ם 1 K 21:27; 1 s. אָצוּם Est 4:16, etc.; Imv. mpl. צוּמוּ v 16; Inf. abs. צוֹם Zc 7:5; Pt. צָם 2 S 12:23; Ne 1:4;—fast, in mourning the dead 1 S 31:13 = 1 Ch 10:12; 2 S 1:12; in worship (contrition, intercession, etc.) Ju 20:26; 1 S 7:6; 2 S 12:16 (c. acc. cogn. צוֹם; ‖ בִּקֵּשׁ), v 23 and (+ בָּכָה), v 21, 22 (q.v. for explanation), Je 14:12; Zc 7:5 (+ סְפוֹד), הֲצוֹם צַמְתֻּנִי v 5 (Ges§ 117 x) was it at all unto me [י׳] that ye fasted? וָאֱהִי צָם Ne 1:4 (periphr. conj.; + מִתְפַּלֵּל), cf. Ezr 8:23 (+ בִּקֵּשׁ), Est 4:16 (c. עַל pers. for whom), v 16, Is 58:3 (‖ עִנִּינוּ נַפְשֵׁנוּ), v 4 (c, ל rei), v 4; once in disappointment and vexation 1 K 21:27.

ἀκρο-βυστία, ἡ, foreskin, LXX+1st c.AD+ __II state of having the foreskin, uncircumcision, NT __II.2 collective, the uncircumcised, Refsbuśtu 'pudenda', Heb. bōsheth 'shame': wrongly derived from ἄκρος, βύω by Refs

νηστ-εύω, fast, NT+5th c.BC+; νηστεύσαντες, opposed to ἐδηδοκότες, Refs 4th c.BC+ __2 with genitive, abstain from, κακότητος Refs 5th c.BC+

† אֱלִיל n.m. (etym. uncertain: most prob. akin to Syriac ܐܰܠܻܝܠ weak, feeble, poor; perhaps also in usage [cf. b.] felt to suggest אַל not; cf. Che on Is 2:8) insufficiency, worthlessness. a. Zc 11:17 רֹעִי הָאֱלִיל the shepherd of worthlessness = the worthless shepherd, Jb 13:4 רֹפְאֵי אֱלִל worthless physicians (‖ טֹפְלֵי־שֶׁקֶר), Je 14:14 Qr concr. a thing of nought (uttered by prophets), but here קֶסֶם אֱלִיל a worthless divin. (‖ חֲזוֹן שֶׁקֶר, תַּרְמִית לִבָּם) should perhaps be read (cf. Gf). b. especially pl. אֱלִילִים concr. worthless gods, idols (cf. הֲבָלִים) (possibly orig. an indep. word = gods, cf. Sab. אלאלת, & v. NöSBAk 1882, p. 1191, but even if so, associated by the prophets with idea of worthlessness, & used by them in iron. contrast with אֵלִים, אֱלֹהִים) Lv 19:4 (not to be made) 26:1 (both H), Is 2:8, 18, 20(×2) (of silver & gold), 10:10 מַמְלְכֹת הָאֱלִיל (coll.) kingdoms of idolatrous worthlessness, v 11; 19:1, 3 (of Egypt) 31:7(×2) Ez 30:13 (Egypt), Hb 2:18 א׳ אִלְּמִים dumb idols, ψ 96:5 (= 1 Ch 16:26) all the gods of the nations are א׳ vain, worthless gods 97:7.

† I. [עָתַר] vb. pray, supplicate (always to God) (cf. Arabic عَتَرَ slaughter for sacrifice De Gn (4) 381 WeSkizzen iii. 115, 166; Heid.(2), 118, 142; RSSem i. 210 f.; 2nd ed., 227 f.);— Qal Impf. 3 ms. וַיֶּעְתַּר לי׳ Gn 25:21, אֶל־י׳ Ex 8:26; 10:18 Ju 13:8; יֶעְתַּר אֶל־אֱלוֹהַּ Jb 33:26. Niph. be supplicated, entreated (and grant entreaty; always of God), usually c. ל of worshipper (v. ל 5 d): Pf. 3 ms. consec. וְנֶעְתַּר לָהֶם Is 19:22; Impf. 3 ms. וַיֵּעָ֫תֶר לוֹ Gn 25:21 2 Ch 33:13, וַיֵּעָתֵר לָנוּ Ezr 8:23; c. לָאָרֶץ for the land 2 S 21:14; 24:25; Inf. abs. וְנִעְתּוֹר לָהֶם 1 Ch 5:20; cstr. (as subst.) הֵעָתֶר־לוֹ 2 Ch 33:19. Hiph. = Qal, make supplication, c. אֶל, לְ: Pf. וְהַעְתַּרְתִּ֫י אֶל־י׳ Ex 8:25; Impf. 2 ms. תַּעְתִּיר אֵלָיו Jb 22:27; Imv. mpl. הַעְתִּירוּ אֶל־י׳ Ex 8:4; 9:28, לי׳ 10:17; also c. ל pers. in behalf of whom, Impf. 1 s. אַעְתִּיר לְךָ Ex 8:5, so Imv. הַעְתִּירוּ, c. בַּעֲדִי v 24.

† שָׁבוּעַ n.m. Dn 9:27 period of seven (days, years), heptad, week (on format. v. LagBN 67);—abs. שׁ׳ Dn 9:27(×2); cstr. שְׁבֻעַ Gn 29:27, 28; du. שְׁבֻעַיִם Lv 12:5; pl. שָֽׁבֻע(וֹ)ת Ex 34:22 + 4 times Dt + (in term. techn.) 2 Ch 8:13; late שָֽׁבֻעִים Dn 9:24 + 4 times Dn; cstr. שְׁבֻעֹת Je 5:24 (Ez 45:21 read שִׁבְעַת with Vrss and all mod., v. שֶׁבַע); sf. שָׁבֻעֹתֵיכֶם Nu 28:26;— 1. period of seven days (from a given time), week: Dt 16:9(×2); Lv 12:5 (P); of marriage feast Gn 29:27, 28 (E; cf. Ju 14:12 Tob 11:19); שָׁבֻעִים יָמִים Dn 10:2, 3 three weeks, days (three weeks long); שׁ׳ חֻקּוֹת קָצִיר Je 5:24 weeks of statutes (i.e. weeks appointed by י׳) for harvest; term. techn. חַג שָֽׁבֻעֹת Ex 34:22 (J) feast of weeks (ending seven weeks of harvest), Dt 16:10, 16, 2 Ch 8:13, so שׁ׳ alone Nu 28:26 (P). 2. heptad or seven of years, late, Dn 9:24, 25, 26, 27(×2).—שְׁבֻעֵי שְׁבֻעוֹת Ez 21:28 v. [שָׁבַע" dir="rtl" >שָׁבַע].

προφητ-εία, ἡ, gift of interpreting the will of the gods, gift of prophecy, διδασκαλίαν ὡς π. ἐκχεῶ LXX; ἡ δὲ προφητείη δίης φρενός ἐστιν ἀπορρώξ Oracle texts cited in Refs 2nd c.AD+ __2 concrete, prophecy or oracular response, LXX+3rd c.AD+ __II office of προφήτης Refs 2nd c.BC+ __III in NT, gift of expounding scripture, or of speaking and preaching, under the influence of the Holy Spirit (compare προφήτης), NT

† אַשְׁמָה n.f. wrong-doing, guiltiness (properly Inf. cf. אַהֲבָה, יִרְאָה)—א׳ Lv 22:16 + 5 times, cstr. אַשְׁמַת Ezr 10:10 + 3 times; sf. אַשְׁמָתוֹ Lv 5:24 + 6 times; pl. אֲשָׁמוֹת 2 Ch 28:10; sf. אַשְׁמוֹתַי ψ 69:6;— 1. doing wrong, committing a trespass or offence 2 Ch 24:18; 28:10, 13(×3) (‖ חטאת v 13) 33:23 Ezr 9:6, 7, 13, 15 (‖ עָוֹן v 13) ψ 69:6 (‖ אִוֶּלֶת); מִכֹּל אֲשֶׁר יַעֲשֶׂת לְאַשְׁמָה בָהּ of all that one may do wrong therein Lv 5:26 (P; ‖ לַחֲטֹא בָהֵנָּה v 22). 2. becoming guilty 1 Ch 21:3 Ezr 10:10, 19; יֶהֱטָא לְאַשְׁמַת הָעָם sin to the becoming guilty of the people (so that the people incur guilt) Lv 4:3; אַשְׁמַת שֹׁמְרוֹן guilt of Samaria (their idols) Am 8:14. 3. bringing a trespass-offering, בְּיוֹם אַשְׁמָתוֹ in the day of his bringing his trespass-offering Lv 5:24; עֲוֹן אַשְׁמָה iniquity requiring a trespass-offering Lv 22:16.

περιτέμνω, Epic dialect and Ionic dialect περι-τάμνω, cut or clip round about, οἴνας περιταμνέμεν prune them, Refs 8th c.BC+; of a goldsmith, Refs 2nd c.AD+ —middle, βραχίονας περιτάμνονται make incisions all over their arms, Refs 5th c.BC+:—passive, to be cut up, of fish, Refs 4th c.BC+ __2 of circumcision, τῶν ἐπιγινομένων οὐ περιτάμνουσι τὰ αἰδοῖα Refs 5th c.BC+; π. τοὺς παῖδας LXX+3rd c.BC+, etc.:— middle, περιτάμνονται τὰ αἰδοῖα LXX+5th c.BC+: absolutely, practise circumcision, Refs 5th c.BC+:—passive, LXX __3 cut off the extremities, τὰ ὦτα καὶ τὴν ῥῖνα Refs 5th c.BC+ —passive, περιτάμνεσθαι γῆν to be curtailed of certain land, Refs 5th c.BC+ __II cut off and hem in all round:—middle, βοῦς περιταμνόμενον cutting off cattle for oneself, 'lifling' cattle, Refs 8th c.BC+:—passive, to be cut off, ἅρματα π. ὑπὸ τῶν ἱππέων Refs 5th c.BC+

† [בָּרַר] vb. purify, select (cf. Assyrian barâru, be shining, in deriv. ZimBP 46, 73 Belser BAS ii. 154; Arabic بِرٌّ pious, kind, true; بَرَّ he was pious, good, virtuous, honest)— Qal Pf. בָּרוֹתִי Ez 20:38; Inf. sf. לְבָרָם Ec 3:18, Ges§ 67 p; cf. לָבוּר 9:1 (si vera l.) as metaplastic form, but on text vid. בּוּר" dir="rtl" >בּוּר supra p. 101; Pt. pass. m. בָּרוּר Jb 33:3 + 4 times; f. בְּרוּרָה Ne 5:18 Zp 3:9;— 1. purge out, purify: וּבָרוֹתִי מִכֶּם הַמֹּרְדִים and I will purge out from among you the rebels Ez 20:38; שָׂפָה בְרוּרָה a purified lip Zp 3:9; בָּרוּר מִלֵּל֑וּ utter in a pure, sincere manner Jb 33:3. 2. choose, select, only Pt. and in Chronicler: chosen, valiant men 1 Ch 7:40; porters 1 Ch 9:22; musicians 1 Ch 16:41; sheep Ne 5:18. 3. cleanse, make shining, polish, pt. pass. חֵץ בָּרוּר polished arrow Is 49:2 (cf. De & Je 51:11 infr.) 4. test, prove Ec 3:18 לְבָרָם הָאֱלֹהִים that God may prove them (RV);—on 9:1 v. בּוּר" dir="rtl" >בּוּר. Niph. הִבָּרוּ Is 52:11; Pt. נָבָר 2 S 22:27 (= ψ 18:27);—purify oneself: a. ceremonially, the bearers of the sacred vessels Is 52:11. b. morally 2 S 22:27 = ψ 18:27. Pi. Inf. לְבָרֵר Dn 11:35 purify (‖ לִצְרוֹף, לַלְבֵּן). Hiph. 1. Inf. לְהָבַר Je 4:11 purify, cleanse. 2. Imv. הָבֵרוּ הַחִצִּים Je 51:11 polish arrows (vid. 3 above). Hithp. 1. Impf. יִתְבָּרֲרוּ Dn 12:10 purify oneself. 2. תִּתְכָּרַר ψ 18:27 = תִּתָּבָר 2 S 22:27 shew oneself pure, just, kind.

† II. קִינָה n.f. elegy, dirge;—abs. ק׳ 2 S 1:17 +; pl. קִינִים Ez 2:10 (but read קינה Co—not Berthol Toy Krae), קִינוֹת 2 Ch 35:25; sf. קִינוֹתֵיהֶם v 25;—elegy, dirge 2 S 1:17; Ez 19:14(×2); 32:16, pl. 2 Ch 35:25; sg. ‖ אֵבֶל Am 8:10, ‖ הֶגֶה וָהִי Ez 2:10, נשׂא ק׳ Je 7:29, c. עַל for, Am 5:1; Je 9:9; Ez 26:17; 27:2; 28:12; 32:2; c. אֶל Ez 19:1; 27:32; למּד ק׳ Je 9:19 (‖ נֶהִי); pl. as collection of written dirges 2 Ch 35:25.—BuZAW ii (1882), 1 ff., cf. iii (1883), 299 ff. thinks Kina rhythm always 3 + 2 tone-beats, but look La (Heb. קִינוֹת) is in all parts pentam., 3 + 2 varying sometimes with 2 + 3, yet always 5 in line, with caesura; of other קִינוֹת, Am 5:2; Ez 19:2 ff.; 26:17b ff. are pent., 2 S 1:19 ff.; 3:33 f. tetr., Ez 27:3 ff.; 28:12 ff.; 32:2 ff. hex.; v. BrGen. Intr. 379 ff..

אוֹב n.m. Jb 32:19 skin-bottle, necromancer, etc.—abs. א׳ Lv 20:27 + 8 times; pl. אֹבוֹת Lv 19:31 + 7 times— 1. skin-bottle, only pl. אֹבוֹת חֲדָשִׁים new (wine-) skins Jb 32:19. 2. necromancer, in phr. אוֹב אוֹיִדְּעֹנִי necrom. or wizard Lv 20:27 (H; usually tr. ‘a man also or woman that hath a familiar spirit or that is a wizard’ RV; but better a man or a woman, if there should be among them, a necromancer or wizard; no suff. reason for exceptional use of phrase here); א׳ וְיִדְּעֹנִי Dt 18:11 2 Ch 33:6 = 2 K 21:6 (where א׳ וידענים); הָאֹבוֹת וְהַיִּדְּעֹנִים Lv 19:31; 20:6 (H) 1 S 28:3, 9 2 K 23:24 Is 8:19 (where repres. as chirping & muttering, in practice of their art of seeking dead for instruction, prob. ventriloquism, & so 𝔊) 19:3. 3. ghost, Is 29:4 וְהָיָה כְּאוֹב מֵאֶרֶץ קוֹלֵךְ וּמֵעָפָר אִמְרָתֵךְ תְּצַפְצֵף and thy voice shall be as a ghost from the ground and from the dust thy speech shall chirp (so Ge MV Ew De Che al., but chirping might be of necromancer, as 8:19). 4. necromancy אֵשֶׁת בַּעֲלַת־אוֹב a woman who was mistress of necromancy 1 S 28:7(×2); (JPh. xiv, 127 f makes אוֹב primarily a subterranean spirit, and signif. 2 only an abbrev. of בעלתא׳ etc.); קסם בָּאוֹב divine by necromancy 1 S 28:8, which seems to be interpr. of 1 Ch 10:13 שׁאל בא׳ inquire by necromancy. (In these three exx. אוֹב is usually interpreted as ghost or familiar spirit conceived as dwelling in necromancer; but this apparently not the ancient conception.)

† נָדַב vb. incite, impel (NH id.; Arabic نَدَبَ call, impel, incite (نَدُبَ be noble, willing, generous, is denom. from [نَدْبٌ cf.] נָדִיב according to BaNB § 125 e); viii. ندب ready, willing; Assyrian nidbu, freewill-offering DlHWB 448; Aramaic נְדַב be willing Pa. Ithpa.; Zinj. נדב inciting, instigation DHMSendsch. 60);— Qal Pf. 3 ms. נָדַב Ex 35:29; 3 fs. נָֽדְבָה v 21; Impf. 3 ms. sf. יִדְּבֶנּוּ 25:2;—אֲשֶׁר נָדַב לִבָּם 35:29 whose heart incited, cf. 25:2; subj. רוּחַ 35:21 (all P). Hithp. Pf. 1 s. הִתְנַדַּבְתִּי 1 Ch 29:17; 3 mpl. הִתְנַדְּבוּ Ezr 2:68 1 Ch 29:9; Impf. 3 mpl. יִתְנַדְּבוּ v 6; Inf. הִתְנַדֵּב Ju 5:2 + 2 times; הִתְנַדֶּב־ 1 Ch 29:17; sf. הִתְנַדְּבָם v 9; Pt. מִתְנַדֵּב Ezr 3:5 + 2 times; pl. מִתְנַדְּבִים Ju 5:9 Ne 11:2;— 1. volunteer for war Ju 5:2, 9; for service of other kinds 2 Ch 17:16 Ne 11:2. 2. offer free-will-offerings for the first temple 1 Ch 29:5, 6, 9(×2), 14, 17(×2); for the second Ezr 1:6; 2:68; 3:5 (cf. Biblical Aramaic).

† [עָצָב] n.[m.] idol;—always pl. עֲצַבִּים (Ges§ 93 ee); Ho 4:17; 8:4 (כֶּסֶף וְזָהָב), 13:2 (כֶּסֶף, ‖ מַסֵּכָה), 14:9; Zc 13:2; 2 Ch 24:18 (+ אֲשֵׁרִים); cstr. עֲצַבֵּי ψ 106:38; 135:15 (כֶּסֶף וְזָהָב); sf. עֲצַבֶּיהָ Is 10:11 (‖ אֱלִילֶיהָ), Je 50:2 (‖ גִּלּוּלֶיהָ), Mi 1:7; עֲצַבֵּיהֶם 1 S 31:9 = 1 Ch 10:9; 2 S 5:21 (but read אֱלֹהֵיהֶם as ‖ 1 Ch 14:12, so 𝔊 We Dr al.), Is 46:1 ψ 106:36; 115:4 (כֶּסֶף וְזָהָב).

† צְלֵם17 n.m. Dn 2:31 image (v. BH צלם);—abs. צ׳ Dn 2:31; 3:1; cstr. צ׳ 3:19, צֶ֫לֶם v 5 +; emph. צַלְמָא 2:31 +;—image Dn 2:31(×2), 32, 34, 35; 3:1 + 10 times 3; צ׳ אַנְפּוֹהִי 3:19 i.e. his expression.

† קָדַר vb. be dark (dull-coloured, cf. Arabic قَذُرَ / قَذِرَ be dirty (on ذ = ד v. NöZMG xi (1886), 729); NH Hiph. (of face) shew gloom; 𝔗 J קְדַר be dark);— Qal Pf. consec. וְקָדַר Mi 3:6; 1 s. קָדַרְתִּי Je 8:21, etc.; Pt. קֹדֵר ψ 35:14 +; pl. קֹדְרִים Jb 5:11; 6:16;—be dark, of sky Je 4:28 (leaden-coloured, as with clouds, v. Hithp.), of sun and moon Jo 2:10; 4:15; fig. of lack of revelation from י׳, וְק׳ עֲלֵיהֶם הַיּוֹם Mi 3:6; of turbid stream Jb 6:16; fig. of mourning (prob. be squalid, of neglected person and dress of mourner, cf. 2 S 19:25) Je 8:21; 14:2 (לָאָרֶץ, metaph. of gates); Jb 5:11; 30:28 (בְּלֹא חַמָּה), ψ 35:14; 38:7; 42:10; 43:2. Hiph. 1. darken: Pf. 1 s. consec. וְהִקְדַּרְתִּי Ez 32:7 (obj. stars), cf. Impf. 1 s. sf. אַקְדִּירֵם עָלֶיךָ 32:8. 2. cause to mourn וָאַקְדִּר עָלָיו לְבָנוֹן 31:15. Hitph. Pf. 3 pl. וְהַשָּׁמַיִם הִתְקַדְּרוּ עָבִים 1 K 18:45 and the heavens grew dark with clouds.

δεῖπνον, τό, meal: in Refs 8th c.BC+ sometimes noonday meal, Refs 8th c.BC+; sometimes ={ἄριστον}, morning meal, Refs 8th c.BC+; sometimes ={δόρπον}, evening meal, Refs.; later,the midday meal, σῖτον εἰδέναι διώρισα, ἄριστα, δεῖπνα, δόρπα θ᾽ αἱρεῖσθαι τρίτα Refs 4th c.BC+; later, the afternoon meal, dinner or supper, σοὶ δὲ μελήσει, ὅτανᾖ δεκάπουν τὸ στοιχεῖον, λιπαρῷ χωρεῖν ἐπὶ δ. Refs 5th c.BC+; ἀπὸ δείπνου straight-way after the meal, ἀπὸ δ. αὐτοῦ θωρήσσοντο Refs 8th c.BC+; καλεῖν ἐπὶ δεῖπνον, κεκλῆσθαι ἐπὶ δ., Refs 5th c.BC+; of animals, etc., Refs 8th c.BC+ __2 generally, food, provender, ἵπποισιν δεῖπνον δότε Refs 8th c.BC+; κοράκεσσιν epigram cited in Refs 2nd c.AD+

† I. דְּבִיר n.m. (cf. Arabic دُبُرٌ back, دَبْرٌ part behind) hindmost chamber, innermost room of the temple of Solomon = קדשׁ הקדשׁים holy of holies, most holy place, the place of the ark and the cherubic images, the throne-room of Yahweh 1 K 6:5, 16, 19, 20, 21, 22, 23, 31; 7:49 (= 2 Ch 4:20) 8:6, 8 (= 2 Ch 5:7, 9) 2 Ch 3:16 ψ 28:2. Prob. read דְּבִיר 2 K 10:25 also, for MT עִיר; so Klo after 𝔊L. (It is translated oracle in AV RV after Aq Sym χρηματιστήριον, 𝔙 oraculum, on the incorrect theory that it was derived from דִּבֶּר speak.)

† [חָגַג] vb. make pilgrimage, keep a pilgrim-feast (Arabic حَجَّ betake oneself to or towards an object of reverence; make a pilgrimage to Mecca; Sab. חגג make pilgrimage Sab. Denkm86, cf. 85; Syriac ܚܰܓܺܝ celebrate a feast. In Palm. חגגו is n.pr. VogNo. 61; cf. also Ph. n.pr. חגי, חגת);— Qal Pf. 2 mpl. חַגֹּתֶם Ex 12:14 + 2 times; Impf. 2 ms. תָּחֹג Ex 23:14 Dt 16:15; 3 mpl. יָח֫וֹגּוּ ψ 107:27 (Bö§ 1118 (2)); וְיָחֹ֫גּוּ Ex 5:1; 2 mpl. תָּחֹ֫גּוּ Lv 23:39, 41; sf. תְּהָגֻּ֫הוּ Ex 12:14; Imv. f. חָגִּי Na 2:1; Inf. cstr. חֹג Zc 14:18 + 2 times; Pt. חוֹגֵג ψ 42:5; pl. חֹגֲגִים 1 S 30:16;— 1. keep a pilgrim-feast, abs. Ex 5:1 (JE) of one proposed by Moses; שׁלשׁ רגלים תחג לי three times shalt thou make pilgrimage unto me (in the year) Ex 23:14 (covt. code); of pilgrim-feasts in general Na 2:1, the Passover Ex 12:14 (P); elsewhere feast of Booths; all celebrated in part by sacred processions and dances; המון חוגג ψ 42:5 multitude keeping festival (led by the Psalmist in procession); חגג חג Lv 23:39 (H), Nu 29:12 (P), Na 2:1 Zc 14:16, 18, 19; חגג אתו חג Ex 12:14 (P), Lv 23:41 (H); אתוֹ Lv 23:41 (H); sf. Ex 12:14 (P). 2. behave as at a חָג 1 S 30:16 (of the Amalekites when surprised by David i.e. enjoying themselves merrily, Dr; others, circling in the sacred dance). 3. reel, in giddiness on the sea ψ 107:27 (cf. חָגָּא Is 19:17); this either points to an earlier meaning of √; or better, the ψ being late, means reel as from festival excesses (‖ וְיָנוּעוּ כַשִּׁכּוֹר).

εὐσέβεια, ἡ (compare εὐσεβία), reverence towards the gods or parents, piety or filial respect, εὐ. εἰς θεοὺς καὶ γονέας Refs 5th c.BC+; εὐ. Ζηνός towards him, Refs 5th c.BC+; εὐ. πρός, περὶ τοὺς θεούς, Refs 5th c.BC+; ἡ πρὸς τὸ θεῖον εὐ. Refs 1st c.BC+; τὴν εὐ. τῶν πραχθέντων Refs 5th c.BC+: plural, acts of piety, Refs 4th c.BC+ __2 loyalty, ἡ ὑμετέρα πρός με εὐ. Refs; ἡ εἴς με εὔνοια καὶ εὐ. Refs __3 = Latin Refs 2nd c.AD+ __4 credit or character for piety, εὐσέβειαν οἴσῃ Refs 5th c.BC+

† טָֽהֳרָה n.f. purifying, cleansing;—abs. ט׳ Lv 12:4 + 2 times; cstr. טָהֳרַת 1 Ch 23:28 2 Ch 30:19; sf. טָהֳרָתוֹ Lv 13:7 + 7 times;— 1. purifying, menstruation Lv 12:4, 5. 2. cleansing, purification, of leper Lv 13:7, 35; 14:2, 23, 32; of Nazirite Nu 6:9: from an issue Lv 15:13 (all P); from contact with the dead Ez 44:26; of sacred things in gen. 1 Ch 23:28; of persons for the passover 2 Ch 30:19; מִשְׁמֶרֶת הַטָּהֳרָה Ne 12:45 the charge, requirement of purification.

† [מִלּוּא, מִלֻּא] n.m. setting, installation; (cf. vb. Pi. Pu.);—pl. מִלֻּאִים (מִלּוּ׳) Ex 25:7 + 13 times; מִלֻּאֵיכֶם Lv 8:33;— 1. setting, אַבְנֵי מ׳ stones for setting Ex 25:7; 35:9, 27 cf. 1 Ch 29:2 (אַבְנֵי שֹׁ֫הַם וּמ׳). 2. installation (of priests): Lv 7:37; 8:33; = installation-offering 8:28 (‖ אִשָּׁה) cf. סַל־הַמּ׳ v 31; אֵיל הַמּ׳ Ex 29:22, 26, 27, 3 Lv 8:22, 29; בְּשַׂר הַמ׳ Ex 29:34.

† תְּרָפִים n.m. Zc 10:2 pl. (= pl. majest. NöZMG xlii (1888), 476) a kind of idol, obj. of reverence, and means of divination (√ and etymol.-meaning dub., cf.GFMHast. DB Teraphim SayZA ii. 195 (citing Neubauer, and Assyrian tarpû, spectre), al. √ רפא, cf.רְפָאִים);—always ת׳:—portable and sometimes small Gn 31:19, 34, 35 (called אֱלֹהִים v 30, all E), but in size and shape like a man 1 S 19:13, 16; in household shrine (v. also l.c.) Ju 17:5 (+ אֵפוֹד, cf.GFM Ju), 18:14, 17, 18 (all + אֵפוֹד, פֶּסֶל, מַסֵּכָה), cf.v 20 (om. מַסֵּכָה), Ho 3:4 (+ א׳, מַצֵּבָה, זֶבַח); condemned 1 S 15:23; 2 K 23:24 (+ גִּלֻּלִים); used in divining (by king of Bab.), שָׁאַל בַּתּ׳ Ez 21:26 (+ קִלְקַל בַּחִצִּים, רָאָה בַּכָּבֵד); as giving empty oracles Zc 10:2 (‖ הַקּוֹסְמִים.—Vid. GFMl.c. NowArch. ii. 23 StaBib. Theol. d. A.T. s.v..

θύω, __Aimperfect ἔθυον, Epic dialect θῦον Refs 8th c.BC+, Ionic dialect θύεσκον Refs 6th c.BC+future θύσω [ῡ] Refs 5th c.BC+, Doric dialect θυσῶ Refs 3rd c.BC+; 3rd.pers. plural θυσέοντι Refs: aorist ἔθῡσα Refs 8th c.BC+, Epic dialect θῦσα Refs: perfect τέθῠκα Refs 5th c.BC+:—middle, future θύσομαι Refs 5th c.BC+ (as passive, Refs 5th c.BC+: aorist ἐθυσάμην Refs 5th c.BC+:—passive, future τῠθήσομαι Refs 1st c.BC+aorist ἐτύθην [ῠ] Refs 5th c.BC+ (participle written θυθέν Refs 4th c.BC+: perfect τέθῠμαι Refs 5th c.BC+: pluperfect ἐτέθῠτο Refs. [ῡ in future and aorist, ῠ in perfect active and passive, and aorist passive; ῡ generally in present and imperfect, except in trisyllable cases of participle, θῠοντα Refs 8th c.BC+; ἔθύ?~Xε, θύ?~Xων, Refs 5th c.BC+; θύ?~Xειν, at the end of a line, Refs 5th c.BC+; θύ?~Xεις, θύ?~Xω, Refs 3rd c.BC+; θύ?~Xωντι 3rd.pers. plural present subjunctive, Refs 3rd c.BC+ __A.I active, offer by burning meat or drink to the gods (τὸ θύειν δωρεῖσθαί ἐστι τοῖς θεοῖς Refs 8th c.BC+; ἦ ῥα καὶ ἄρ γματα θῦσε θεοῖς, of a drink-offering, Refs 8th c.BC+; so ἔνθα δὲ πῦρ κήαντες ἐθύσαμεν (i.e. τῶν τυρῶν) made an offering of cheese,Refs 5th c.BC+; πέλανον, δεῖπνα, Refs 4th c.BC+; πυρούς, ναστούς, Refs 5th c.BC+ __A.I.2 sacrifice, slay a victim, [τῷ ἡλίῳ] θ. ἵππους (variant{ἵπποισι})Refs 5th c.BC+; θ. θῦμα, θυσίαν, Refs 5th c.BC+; θ. διαβατήρια, ἐπινίκια, etc., Refs 5th c.BC+ —passive, τὰ τεθυμένα the flesh of the victim, Refs 5th c.BC+; τὰ τεθ. ἱεράRefs __A.I.2.b simply, slaughter, LXX+5th c.BC+ __A.I.3 absolutely, offer sacrifice, Refs 5th c.BC+; τοῖσι θεοῖσι θ. Refs 5th c.BC+ __A.I.4 celebrate with offerings or sacrifices, σῶστρα θ. Refs 5th c.BC+ __A.I.5 with doubleaccusative, εὐαγγέλια θ. ἑκατὸν βοῦς sacrifice a hundred oxen for the good news, Refs 5th c.BC+ __A.I.6 Ἑστίᾳ θύειν, proverbial of niggards, because sacrifices to Hestia admitted no one to share the offering, Refs 5th c.BC+ __A.II middle, cause a victim to be offered, τῶν θυμάτων ὧν δεῖ θύεσθαι καὶ παρίστασθαι Refs 1st c.BC+, etc.: hence frequently absolutely, consult the gods, Refs 5th c.BC+; ἐπὶ Κρότωνα, ἐπὶ τῷ Πέρσῃ, i.e. on marching against.. , Refs 5th c.BC+infinitive, θ. ἰέναι offer sacrifice [to learn] whether to go or not, Refsactive, ἔθυε (variant{ἐθύετο}) τῷ Διί.. πότερά οἱ λῷον καὶ ἄμεινον εἴη.. Refs; διαβατήρια θύεσθαι, as in active, Refs 5th c.BC+ __A.II.2 metaphorically, tear in pieces, of wild beasts, Refs 4th c.BC+, cf. Sanskritdhūmás, Latin fumus 'smoke', θυμιάω, θύος, θυήλημα, τύφω, perhaps θεῖον (A), Latin suffire; compare {θύω})

κοινός, ή, όν, also ός, όν Refs 5th c.BC+:— common (opposed to ἴδιος), not in Refs 8th c.BC+; ἐκ κοινοῦ shared in common, Refs 8th c.BC+; of a common altar, Refs 4th c.BC+; κ. ἔρχεται κῦμ᾽ Ἀΐδα Refs 5th c.BC+; τρεῖς.. κ. ὄμμ᾽ ἐκτημέναι, of the Gorgons, Refs 4th c.BC+; κ. ὠφέλημα θνητοῖσιν φανείς, of Prometheus,Refs 5th c.BC+; κ. Ἑρμῆς 'share the luck', Refs; κ. ἀρωγά common aid (i.e. for all), Refs 5th c.BC+; ἐν δὲ κοινὸς ἀρσένων ἴτω κλαγγά and let the shouts of males rise jointly, Refs 5th c.BC+ common to or with another, ὑμῖν φῶς.. καὶ τοῖσδ᾽ ἅπασι κ. Refs 5th c.BC+; [πολιτεία] τίς κοινοτάτ; Refs 5th c.BC+; κ. τῶν Λακεδαιμονίων τε καὶ Ἀθηναίων shared in by both.., Refs 5th c.BC+, see below see; κ. κατ᾽ ἀμφοτέρων Refs 1st c.AD+; μέρος κ. πρός τινα shared with.., Refs 2nd c.AD+, etc.; κ. μεταξύ τινων Refs 5th c.AD+ __II in social and political relations, public, general, τὸ κ. ἀγαθόν the common weal, Refs 5th c.BC+; κ. στόλῳRefs 5th c.BC+; κοινότατον of public or general interest,Refs 4th c.BC+; of constitutions, popular, free, κοινοτέραν εἶναι τὴν ἐκείνου μοναρχίαν τῆς αὑτῶν δημοκρατίας Refs 5th c.BC+ __II.2 τὸ κ. the state, τὸ κ. Σπαρτιητέων Refs 5th c.BC+ __II.2.b especially of leagues or federations, τὸ κ. τῶν Ἰώνων Refs 5th c.BC+, etc.; ἄνευ τοῦ πάντων κοινοῦ (i.e. τῶν Θεσσαλῶν) Refs 5th c.BC+; also, of private associations, Refs; of guilds or corporations, τὸ κ. τῶν τεκτόνων Refs 4th c.AD+; of boards of magistrates, τὸ κ. τῶν ἀρχόντων Refs 3rd c.AD+ __II.2.c the government, public authorities, Refs 5th c.BC+; ἀπὸ τοῦ κ. by public authority, Refs 5th c.BC+; σὺν τῷ κ. by common consent, Refs __II.2.d the public treasury, χρημάτων μεγάλων ἐν τῷ κ. γενομένων Refs 5th c.BC+; ἔχειν ἐν κοινῷ (without the Article), Refs 5th c.BC+ __II.2.e common right or rights of citizens, τὸ κ. τὸ τῶν πολιτῶν Refs 4th c.BC+ __II.3 τὰ κ. public affairs: πρὸς τὰ κ. προσελθεῖν, προσιέναι, to enter public life, Refs 4th c.BC+; but also, the public money, Refs 5th c.BC+; τὰ κ. τῆς πόλεως, opposed to τὰ ἁγνά, Refs*.383; ἀπὸ κοινοῦ at the public expense, Refs 5th c.BC+; ἐκ κ. from common funds, at joint expense, Refs 2nd c.BC+ __III common, ordinary, τὰ κ. εἰδέναι Refs 5th c.BC+; κοινοτάτη τῶν αἰσθήσεων [ἡ ἁφή] Refs; τὰ κ. commonplaces, Refs 4th c.BC+; ἡ κ. ἔννοια or ἐπίνοια, Refs 2nd c.BC+; κ. νοῦς, φρένες, common sense, Refs 5th c.BC+; κ. καὶ διήκουσαι κακίαι general and all-pervading vices, Refs 1st c.BC+; ἡ κ. διάλεκτος every-day language (free from archaisms and far-fetched expressions), Refs 1st c.BC+ __III.2 Grammars, ordinary, 'regular' Greek, opposed to special dialects, διάλεκτοί εἰσι πέντε, Ἀτθὶς Δωρὶς Αἰολὶς Ἰὰς καὶ κ. Refs 2nd c.BC+ H., etc.; ἡ κ. alone, Refs 2nd c.AD+; τὸ κ. ἔθος, ἡ κ. ἐκφορά, Refs; οἱ κ. the writers who use this language,Refs __III.2.b colloquial, vulgar Greek, Moer.Refs __III.2.c ἡ κ. διάλεκτος demotic Egyptian, Manethoap. Refs 1st c.AD+ __III.3 common, of inferior quality, χρυσός Refs 2nd c.AD+ __III.4 in magical formulae, of words added at will by the user, 'and so forth', frequently in Papyrus, Refs; compare κοινολογία. __IV of Persons, connected by common origin or kindred, especiallyof brothers and sisters, κ. σπέρμα Refs 5th c.BC+; κ. πατήρ, μήτηρ, Refs 3rd c.AD+; also κ. Χάριτες Refs 5th c.BC+ __IV.2 one who shares in a thing, partner, ἐν θύμασιν κ. ποεῖσθαί τινα Refs 5th c.BC+; also κ. τῷ θεῷ belonging in part to the god (who claims tithe of his substance), Refs __IV.3 lending a ready ear to all, impartial, μὴ οὐ κ. ἀποβῆτε Refs 5th c.BC+; neutral,Refs 5th c.BC+; κοινοί, οἱ, arbitrators, Refs 3rd c.AD+; of a capital city, δεῖ.. κοινὴν εἶναι τῶν τόπων ἁπάντων easily accessible on all sides, Refs 4th c.BC+ __IV.3.b courteous, affable, Refs 5th c.BC+ __IV.3.c in bad sense, κοινή, ἡ, prostitute, Refs 2nd c.AD+ __IV.3.d of events, κοινότεραι τύχαι more impartial, i.e. more equal, chances, Refs 5th c.BC+; ἔστιν ἐν τῷ κ. πᾶσι with infinitive, Refs 5th c.BC+ __V in Logic, general, universal, τὸ κ. λαμβάνειν περί τινων, τὸ ἐπὶ πᾶσι κ., Refs 5th c.BC+; κ. ἔννοιαι axioms, heading in Refs 3rd c.BC+; general, κ. ὅρος Refs 4th c.BC+; κοινὰ καὶ στοιχειώδη general principles, Refs 1st c.BC+.; κ. σημεῖον, opposed to ἴδιον, Refs; κ. κρίσις objectively valid judgement, Refs 1st c.BC+; abstract, ὁ κ. ἄνθρωπος καὶ λογισμῷ ληπτός Refs 5th c.AD+ __VI Grammars, __VI.1 κ. συλλαβή common syllable, capable of being long or short, Refs 2nd c.BC+ __VI.1.b κ. ποιήματα, poems which are both κατὰ στίχον and συστηματικά, e.g. the Sapphic stanza, Refs C.; also, poems of ambiguous metrical form, Refs __VI.2 see.aboveRefs __VI.3 of gender, κ. γένος Refs 2nd c.BC+; of nouns, Refs 2nd c.AD+ __VI.4 ἀπὸ κοινοῦ λαμβάνειν, of two clauses taking a word in common, Refs 2nd c.AD+ __VII of forbidden meats, common, profane, φαγεῖν κ. καὶ ἀκάθαρτον NT __VIII κοινόν, τό, name of an eye-salve, Refs __B adverb κοινῶς in common, jointly, Refs 5th c.BC+ __B.2 publicly, κ. μᾶλλον ὠφέλησαν ἢ ἐκ τῶν ἰδίων ἔβλαψαν Refs 5th c.BC+ __B.3 sociably, like other citizens, οὐδὲ κ. οὐδὲ πολιτικῶς ἐβίωσαν Refs 5th c.BC+; μετρίως καὶ κ. ὰσπάζεσθαι Refs __B.4 in general, Refs 3rd c.BC+; ἡ κ. σύνεσις, τὸ κ. ἄνθρωπον”, Refs 1st c.BC+; opposed to ἰδίως, Refs 5th c.BC+; -οτέρως Refs 4th c.AD+ __B.5 in the common dialect, Refs 2nd c.AD+: comparative -ότερον Refs __B.6 in plain language, opposed to σοφιστικῶς, Refs 1st c.AD+; in the ordinary or wide sense, opposed to κυρίως, Refs 4th c.AD+: comparative, Refs 2nd c.AD+ __B.II feminine dative κοινῇ; Doric dialect κοινᾷ Refs 5th c.BC+; Boeotian dialect κυνῆ Refs 2nd c.BC+:—in common, by common consent, Refs 5th c.BC+; κ. μετά τινος, κ. σύν τινι, Refs 5th c.BC+ __B.II.2 publicly, καὶ κ. καὶ ἰδίᾳ Refs 5th c.BC+ __B.II.3 as preposition with dative, together with, Refs 5th c.BC+ __B.III with Preps., εἰς κοινόν in common, in public, ὑμῖν τῇδέ τ᾽ ἐς κ. φράσω Refs 5th c.BC+; εἰς τὸ κ. λέγειν, ἀγορεύειν, Refs 5th c.BC+; εἰς τὸ κ. for public use, Refs 5th c.BC+ __B.III.2 ἀπὸ κοινοῦ, ἐκ κοινοῦ, see.Refs 5th c.BC+ __B.III.3 ἀφεῖσαν ἐν κοινῷ ζητεῖν, Latin rem in medio reliquerunt, Refs 4th c.BC+; but οἱ ἐν κ. γιγνόμενοι λόγοι, ={οἱ ἐξωτερικοὶ λόγοι}, Refs __B.III.4 κατὰ κοινόν, opposed to κατ᾽ ἰδίαν, jointly, in common, Legal cited in Refs 4th c.BC+

κοιν-όω, future κοινώσω Refs 4th c.BC+: aorist ἐκοίνωσα Refs 5th c.BC+; Doric dialect ἐκοίνᾱσα Refs 5th c.BC+:—middle, future κοινώσομαι Refs codices (to be read -άσομαι (Doric dialect)), Refs 5th c.BC+: aorist ἐκοινωσάμην Refs 4th c.BC+:—passive, aorist ἐκοινώθην Refs 5th c.BC+perfect κεκοίνωμαι (in middle sense) Refs 5th c.BC+:—communicate, impart information, κ. τινί τι Refs 5th c.BC+; νυκτὶ κοινάσαντες ὁδόν having imparted their journey to night alone (i.e. travelling by night without consulting any one), Refs 5th c.BC+ __2 make common, share, κοινώσαντας τὴν δύναμιν κοινὰ καὶ τὰ ἀποβαίνοντα ἔχειν Refs 5th c.BC+[same place]; variant for{ἐκοινώνησε} in Refs 4th c.BC+:—in middle, κοινάσομαι [ὕμνον] λύρᾳ Refs 5th c.BC+[same place]: aorist middle in active sense, Refs 5th c.BC+; κ. τὴν οὐσίαν τῇ τοῦ παιδός unite one to the other, Is. [prev. cited] __3 make common, defile, τὸν ἄνθρωπον LXX+NT:— middle, deem profane, NT __II middle, with accusative, undertake together, make common cause in, βουλεύματα Refs 5th c.BC+ __II.2 take counsel with, consult, especially an oracle or god, Refs 5th c.BC+; ὧν ἄν τις κοινώσαιτο δόξαις agree with, Refs 5th c.BC+; simply, communicate, τὰ κατ᾽ ἐμὲ τῇ βουλῇ Refs 4th c.BC+ __II.3 c.genitive, to be partner or partaker, τινος of a thing, Refs 5th c.BC+; τινί τινος with one in.., Refs 5th c.BC+ __II.4 come to terms, μοι Refs 5th c.BC+ __III passive, have communication with, λέχει Refs 5th c.BC+; ξανθῷ χρώματι -ωθέν, i.e. tinged with yellow, Refs

† כְּהֻנָּה n.f. priesthood;—abs. כ׳ Ex 29:9 + 5 times; cstr. כְּהֻנַּת Nu 25:13 + 2 times; sf. כְּהֻנַּתְכֶם Nu 18:1, 7(×2); כְּהֻנָּתָם Nu 3:10; pl. כְּהֻנּוֹת 1 S 2:36.—כהנת יהוה priesthood of י׳, the portion of the Levites Jos 18:7 (D); pl. priest’s offices 1 S 2:36; elsewhere Ex 29:9; 40:15 Nu 3:10; 16:10; 18:1, 7(×2); 25:13 (all P), Ezr 2:62 = Ne 7:64, Ne 13:29(×2).

מִסְפֵּד n.m. Gn 50:10 wailing;—abs. מ׳ Am 5:16 + 11 times; cstr. מִסְפַּד Mi 1:11 + 2 times; sf. מִסְפְּדִי ψ 30:12;—wailing: 1. for dead, Gn 50:10 (J; as acc. cogn.), Zc 12:10 (c. עַל־ cf. v 11(×2) infr.). 2. for calamity experienced Am 5:16(×2) (‖ אֵבֶל), v 17 Mi 1:8 (מ׳ כַּתַּנִּים, ‖ אֵבֶל), v 11 Je 48:38 Ez 27:31, anticipated Je 6:26 Est 4:3. 3. in contrition Is 22:12 (+ בְּכִי), Jo 2:12 (+ צוֹם, בְּכִי), cf. Zc 12:11(×2). 4. in gen., ψ 30:12 (opp. מָחוֹל, cf. Ec 3:4).

† [קְבֻרָה] and (4 times) קְבוּרָה n.f. grave, burial;—abs. קְבוּרָה Is 14:20 + 2 times; cstr. קְבוּרַת Je 22:19, קְבֻרַת Gn 35:20 +; sf. קְבֻרָתוֹ Dt 34:6 +;— 1. grave Gn 35:20(×2); 47:30; Dt 34:6; 1 S 10:2; 2 K 9:28; 21:26; 23:30; Ez 32:23, 24; שְׂדֵה הַקּ׳ 2 Ch 26:23. 2. burial, Is 14:20; Ec 6:3; קְבוּרַת חֲמוֹר Je 22:19.

† I. שִׂיחַ n.m. ψ 104:34 complaint, musing;—abs. שׂ׳ 1 K 18:27; Pr 23:29; sf. שִׂיחִי 1 S 1:16 +, שִׂחִי Jb 23:2, שִׂיחוֹ 2 K 9:11 ψ 102:1;— 1. plaint, complaint: Jb 7:13; 9:27; 10:1 (‖ מר נפשׁ), 21:4; 23:2 Pr 23:29 ψ 55:3 (‖ אָהִימָה); קוֹלִי בְּשִׂיחִי 64:2; שָׁפַךְ שׂ׳ לפני י׳ 102:1; 142:3. Foll. are dub.: 2. musing, 1 K 18:27 (E) of a god, ‖ שִׂיג לוֹ, (so RV; SS ‘nachdenken’; Buhl ‘beschäftigt sein’; AV talk); ψ 104:34 of man (Buhl SS. Bae ‘Rede, oder Gesang’).—Vid. also [שֵׂחַ²" dir="rtl" >שֵׂחַ] infr. 3. anxiety, trouble: מֵרֹב שִׂיחִי 1 S 1:16; (defined in MT by כַּעַס, cf. HPS; so Buhl SS, but perhaps = 1). 4. the way in which he talks: שִׂיחוֹ 2 K 9:11.

† קַדִּישׁ adj. holy;—abs. ק׳ Dn 4:10, 20; pl. שִׁין 4:5 +, cstr. -שֵׁי 7:18 +;—gods Dn 4:5, 6, 15; 5:11; as subst., of angels 4:10, 14, 20; of Isr. (as holy ones, saints) 7:21, 22, קַדִּישֵׁי עֶלְיוֹנִין saints of the Most High v 18, 22, 25, 27.

βαπτ-ιστής, οῦ, ὁ, one that dips: baptizer, ὁ β. the Baptist, NT+1st c.AD+: metaphorically of the Passion, NT

κλῆρος __A, Doric dialect κλᾶρος Refs 5th c.BC+, ου, ὁ:— lot, κλῆρον ἐσημήναντο ἕκαστος, ἐν δ᾽ ἔβαλον κυνέῃ Refs 8th c.BC+; κλήρῳ πεπαλάσθαι Refs 8th c.BC+; πάντας ἀνέφεδρος ἐπαγκρατίασε τοὺς κ., i.e. he never drew a bye, Refs 2nd c.AD+; κλήρου κατὰ μοῖραν Refs 5th c.BC+; κλάροισι θεοπροπέων divining by lots, Refs 5th c.BC+ __A.2 casting of lots, drawing of lots, κ. τίθεσθαι Refs 5th c.BC+; = Latin sortitio provinciarum, Refs 1st c.AD+ __A.3 λαβὼν πίστιν.. κλήρου uncertain meaning in Refs 1st c.AD+ __A.II that which is assigned by lot, allotment of land, Refs 5th c.BC+; κ. ἱππικός Refs 3rd c.BC+; περὶ τοῦ λάχους τριάκοντα καὶ ἑπτὰ κλάρων Refs 2nd c.BC+ __A.II.2 generally, piece of land, farm, estate, οἶκος καὶ κ. Refs 8th c.BC+; οἱ κ. τῶν Συρίων their lands, Refs 5th c.BC+; Κύπρου Πάφου τ᾽ ἔχουσα.. κλῆρον, of Aphrodite, Refs 5th c.BC+; Πισαίοις ἐνὶ κλήροισι Refs 2nd c.BC+. b. plural, title-deeds, Refs 2nd c.BC+ __A.II.3 legacy, inheritance, heritable estate, Refs 5th c.BC+. b. collective, body of inheritors, Refs __A.II.4 Astrology texts, certain degrees in the zodiac connected with planets and important in a nativity, Refs 2nd c.AD+ __A.II.5 generally, province, sphere, ἕνα θεὸν πολλῶν ἅμα προεστάναι κλήρων Refs 5th c.AD+ __A.III of the Levites, Κύριος αὐτὸς κλῆρος αὐτοῦ LXX: hence, of the Christian clergy, ἐν κλήρῳ καταλεγόμενος Refs 2nd c.AD+

τυγχάνω, Refs 6th c.BC+: Epic dialect imperfect τύγχανον Refs 8th c.BC+, (παρετ-) Refs 8th c.BC+: future τεύξομαι Refs 8th c.BC+ (also as future middle of τεύχω): aorist 2 ἔτῠχον, Epic dialect τύχον, Refs 8th c.BC+, etc.; Epic dialect subjunctive τύχωμι, -ῃσι, Refs; later also τετύχῃσι, Refs 1st c.BC+; late Epic dialect optative τετύχοιμι Refs 4th c.AD+: Epic dialect also aorist 1 ἐτύχησα Refs 8th c.BC+perfect τετύχηκα (intransitive) Refs 8th c.BC+ variant{τετυχηώς}. Refs 8th c.BC+; later also τέτευχα, Refs 4th c.BC+; Doric dialect perfect infinitive τετεύχεν Refs 3rd c.BC+; but Ionic dialect pluperfect ἐτετεύχεε Refs 5th c.BC+; τέτυχα variant in NT+1st c.AD+, (συν-) Refs, etc.; participle τετυχώς Refs:—middle, aorist 1 τεύξασθαι LXX:— passive, imperfect ἐτυγχάνετο Refs 2nd c.AD+aorist 1 ἐτεύχθην (ἐν-) Refs 2nd c.BC+perfect τέτευγμαι (ἐπι-) Refs __A happen to be at a place, εἴ πέρ τε τύχῃσι μάλα σχεδόν even if she be quite near, Refs 8th c.BC+; μὴ σύ γε κεῖθι τύχοις may'st thou not be there, Refs 8th c.BC+ (but in these last two places the meaning may be 'has been made' (though not by human agency), compare [γαῖα] οὐδ᾽ εὐρεῖα τέτυκται Refs 8th c.BC+; see ad near the end). __2 of events, and things generally, happen to one, befall one, come to one's lot, with dative person, οὔνεκά μοι τύχε πολλά because much fell to me, Refs 8th c.BC+ __2.b aorist participle ὁ τυχών, the first one meets, any chance person, Refs 8th c.BC+everyday men, the vulgar, Refs 5th c.BC+; οὐχ ὁ τ. ἀνήρ, of Refs 2nd c.AD+ any chance result, Refs 5th c.BC+; οὐχ ὁ τ. λόγος no common discourse, Refs 5th c.BC+Spir.Praef.; οἱ τ. φόβοι trifling fears, Refs 4th c.BC+; καίπερ τὸ τ. καταβαλοῦσιν though they may have paid a trifling sum, Refs 1st c.BC+ —in Mathematics texts, τυχὸν σημεῖον any point (at random), Refs 3rd c.BC+; ἄλλα, ἃ ἔτυχεν, ἰσάκις πολλαπλάσια any other equimultiples taken at random, Refs __3 in 3rd.pers. singular aorist or imperfect, impersonal (sometimes also person) in relative clauses, as (when, where, etc.) it (he, she, etc.) happened (may happen, etc.), i. e. anyhow, at any time, place, etc., καὶ ἀρχομένοις καὶ μεσοῦσι καὶ ὅπως ἔτυχέ τῳ at the beginning, middle, or any other point, Refs 5th c.BC+; ὡς ἔτυχε ζημιοῦσθαι to be penalized just anyhow, Refs 5th c.BC+; οὐχ ὡς ἔτυχεν in no ordinary manner, Refs 4th c.BC+; τὴν μὲν δικαίαν, τὴν δ᾽ ὅπως ἐτύγχανεν just anyhow, Refs 5th c.BC+; ἀποτετμάσθω δύο τμάματα ὡς ἔτυχεν let two segments be cut off at random, Refs 5th c.BC+; ὁπότε τύχοι sometimes, Refs 5th c.BC+; ὅταν τύχῃ sometimes, Refs 5th c.BC+; but, at any odd time, Refs 5th c.BC+; ἂν τύχῃ, εἰ τύχοι, it may be, Refs 5th c.BC+mere chance, Refs 5th c.BC+: with attraction of the relative pronoun, τὸ οἷς ἔτυχε προσκρούειν Refs 2nd c.BC+; οὐδὲ γὰρ ὧν ἔτυχ᾽ ἦν they were not just any acts, Refs 4th c.BC+ __3.b with accusative et infinitive, ἔτυχε ὄμβρον συνεργῆσαι Refs 1st c.AD+; ἔτυχεν ὥστε.. Refs 2nd c.AD+ __4 sometimes the Verb agrees in person and number with the subject of the principal clause, perhaps by assimilation, ἀπαίροντες ἀπὸ τῆς Πελοποννήσου ὁπόθεν τύχοιεν, for ὁπόθεν τύχοι, Refs 5th c.BC+; ὅ τι ἂν τύχωσι, τοῦτο λέγουσι they say just anything, Refs 5th c.BC+; πρὸς ὀργὴν ἥν τινα τύχητε ἔστιν ὅτε σφαλέντες τὴν τοῦ πείσαντος μίαν γνώμην ζημιοῦτε yielding to the impulse of the moment, Refs 5th c.BC+: with attraction of the relative pronoun, οὓς ἂν τύχῃς ἐπαινῶν Refs 5th c.BC+ __5 neuter participle τυχόν, used absolutely like{ἐξόν, παρόν}, etc., since it so befell, οὕτως τ. Refs 2nd c.AD+ __5.b as adverb, perchance, perhaps, NT+5th c.BC+; τυχὸν μὲν.., τυχὸν δὲ.. Refs 2nd c.AD+ __A.II joined with the participle of another Verb to express a coincidence, τύχησε γὰρ ἐρχομένη νηῦς a ship happened to be, i. e. was just then, starting, Refs 8th c.BC+, compare 52; τὰ νοέων τυγχάνω what I happen to have, i.e. have at this moment, in my mind, Refs 5th c.BC+; ὃ τυγχάνω μαθών which I have just learnt, Refs 5th c.BC+; παρὼν ἐτύγχανον I was by just then, Refs; τυγχάνει καθεύδων he is sleeping just now, Refs 5th c.BC+; ἔτυχον στρατευόμενοι they were just then engaged in an expedition, Refs 5th c.BC+; ἔτυχε κατὰ τοῦτο καιροῦ ἐλθών he came just at this point of time, Refs; ἥτις δέ τοι μάλιστα σωφρονεῖν δοκεῖ, αὕτη μέγιστα τυγχάνει λωβωμένη she is just the one who.., Refs 7th c.BC+; but frequently τυγχάνω cannot be translated at all, especially in phrase τυγχάνω ὤν, which is simply ={εἰμί}, Refs 5th c.BC+ __II.2 the participle ὤν is sometimes omitted, ὁ γὰρ μέγιστος τυγχάνει δορυξένων Refs 5th c.BC+; νῦν δ᾽ ἀγροῖσι τυγχάνειRefs 5th c.BC+ is used much like{εἶναι, Σωτὴρ γένοιτ᾽ ἂν Ζεὺς ἐπ᾽ ἀσπίδος τυχών} Refs 4th c.BC+; οὐκ ἀποδάμου τυχόντος not being absent, Refs 5th c.BC+; τ. ἐν ἐμπύροις to be engaged in.., Refs 4th c.BC+; also in later Gr., τὰ ἑπτάμηνα γόνιμα τυγχάνειν Refs 2nd c.AD+ __II.2.b τυγχάνον, ={τὸ ἐκτὸς ὑποκείμενον}, the external reality, e. g. αὐτὸς ὁ Δίων as distinguished both from the word (φωνή) Δίων and its meaning, Refs __II.2.c τὰ πράγματα τυγχάνοντα καλοῦσι (i.e. οἱ Στωϊκοί), τέλος γὰρ τὸ τυχεῖν τούτων,Refs __II.3 later with infinitive, τυγχάνομεν ἐπιδεδωκέναι we happen to have handed in.., we have just handed in.., Refs 2nd c.BC+ __B gain one's end or purpose, succeed, οὐκ ἐτύχησεν ἑλίξας Refs 8th c.BC+; τὸ τυχεῖν, ={νίκη}, Refs 5th c.BC+; τυχόντες if successful, opposed to σφαλέντες, Refs 5th c.BC+; gain one's request, Refs 5th c.BC+; in speaking, to be right, τί νιν καλοῦσα.. τύχοιμ᾽ ἄ; Refs 5th c.BC+ —passive, impersonal, αὐτῷ πρὸς τὸ ἔργον οὐδὲν ἐτυγχάνετο nothing went right, uncertain in Refs 2nd c.AD+ —in participle τυχήσας or τυχών, combined with νύξε, βάλε, οὖτα, etc., pierce, wound, etc., successfully, so that the whole phrase means hit, ἔγχεϊ νύξε κατὰ κληῗδα τυχήσας Refs 8th c.BC+; βάλε δουρὶ κατὰ ζωστῆρα τυχήσαςRefs 8th c.BC+; also apart from such combinations, hit, with genitive, προβιβάντος Refs 8th c.BC+ __B.II hit upon, light upon: __B.II.1 meet, fall in with persons, Αακεδαίμονι.. τυχήσας having met [him] in Lacedaemon, Refs 8th c.BC+; ἀγαθῶν ἀνδρῶν Refs 5th c.BC+: with a predicate added, μή τευ μελαμπύγου τύχῃς Refs 7th c.BC+ __B.II.2 light on a thing, τύχε γάρ ἀμάθοιο βαθείης Refs 8th c.BC+; attain, obtain a thing, with genitive, πομπῆς καὶ νόστοιο Refs 8th c.BC+; [οἴκτου] Refs 5th c.BC+; of meeting with misfortunes, βίης τυχεῖν meet with, suffer violence, Refs 5th c.BC+; τραυμάτων, κακῶν, Refs 5th c.BC+; δίκης, κρίσεως, Refs 5th c.BC+: absolutely, have the lot or fate, ἄλλος μὲν ἀποφθίσθω ἄλλος δὲ βιώτω, ὅς κε τύχῃ Refs 8th c.BC+ __B.II.2.b after Refs 8th c.BC+ also with accusative of neuter adjective or pronoun, τὰ πρόσφορα Refs 5th c.BC+: later the accusative is used more freely, τ. ἐπίστασιν Refs 1st c.AD+; ὑπογραφήν Refs 2nd c.AD+; βοήθειαν Refs 4th c.AD+; εὐκαιρίαν Refs 4th c.AD+; τὰ γυναίκια δεσμὸν οὐδένα βούλεται τυγχάνειν Refs 2nd c.AD+ __B.II.2.c after either case a genitive person may be added, obtain a thing from a person, ὧν δέ σου τυχεῖν ἐφίεμαι Refs 5th c.BC+; or the person may be added with a preposition, τ. ἐπαίνου ἔκ τινος Refs 8th c.BC+ __B.II.2.d with infinitive, οἶμαί σου τεύξεσθαι μεθεῖναί με Refs 5th c.BC+; οὐ τυχὼν ἐπιδείξειν (={ἐπιδεῖξαι}) not having succeeded in proving, Refs 3rd c.BC+aorist τυχ-εῖν, which was originally the aorist passive (with active form) of τεύχω 'make'; ἔτυχε = factum est, as ἔτραφον = I was nourished (see. τρέφω); senses Refs 4th c.BC+; many of the forms belong equally to both verbs; τιτύσκομαι like wise belongs to both verbs; τ(ε)υχ- from *θ(ε)υχ-, compare ἀποθύσκειν, ἐνθύσκει, συνθύξω, and perhaps Refs 1st c.BC+ taugen 'to be capable, useful', Engl. dow, doughty.)

† [מָרַט] vb. make smooth, bare, bald; scour, polish (NH id.; pull out, off (feathers, hair); Aramaic ܡܪܰܛ, מְרַט id.; Arabic مَرِطَ have little hair, مَرَطَ pluck out hair);— Qal Impf. i s. וָאֶמְרְטָה Ezr 9:3, sf. 3 mpl. וָאֶמְרְטֵם Ne 13:25; Inf. cstr. מָרְטָה Ez 21:16; Pt. pl. מֹרְטִים Is 50:6; pass. f. מְרוּטָה Ez 21:14 + 2 times;— 1. make bare כָּל־כָּתֵף מְרוּטָה Ez 29:18 every shoulder is laid bare (from chafing of burden; ‖ כָּל־רֹאשׁ מֻקְרָח); the cheek (by plucking out beard) גֵּוִי נָתַתִּי לְמַכִּים וּלְחָיַי לְמֹרְטִ֑ים Is 50:6; c. acc. pers. וָאֶמְרְטֵ֑ם Ne 13:25 (both acts of violence); of hair and beard וָאֶמְרְטָה מִשְּׂעַר רֹאשִׁי וּזְקָנִי Ezr 9:3 (sign of grief). 2. scour, polish, a sword, only Ez 21: v 14 (+ הוּחַדָּה; Co reads מ׳ as Pu), v 16 (del. Co), v 33, + v 20 מְרֻטָה for MT מְעֻטָּה (Ew Sm Co Berthol). Niph. Impf. יִמָּרֵט רֹאשׁוֹ Lv 13:40, 41 his head is made bald (by leprosy). Pu. Pf. 3 fs. מֹרָ֑טָּה Ez 21:15, 16; Pt. מְמֹרָט 1 K 7:45, מוֹרָט Is 18:2, 7 (Ges§ 52 s):—scoured, polished, of bronze utensils of temple 1 K 7:45; of human skin Is 18:2, 7; of sword Ez 21:15, 16 (both + הוּחַדָּה, v. Qal supr.)

† סְגִ֑ד vb. do homage (by prostration) (𝔗 Syriac; BH (late));— Pe. Pf. 3 ms. ס׳ Dn 2:46; Impf. 3 ms. יִסְגֻּד Dn 3:6 +, 3 mpl. יִסְגְּדוּן 3:28, etc.; Pt. act. pl. סָֽגְדִין 3:7 +;—do homage לְצֶלֶם Dn 3:5, 7, 10, 12, 14, 15, 18, ל of false god v 28; לְצ׳ om., v 6, 11, 15; לְדָנִיֵּאל ס׳ 2:46 (perhaps as representing God, cf. v b, yet v. Dr).

† III. עַשְׁתָּרוֹת n.pr.loc. Ασταρωθ, etc., E. of Jordan (name from worship of diff. forms of ʿAštart; in Egypt. ʿastiratu, as E. Jordan loc. WMMAs. u. Eur. 162, 313; cf. TelAm. n. pr. loc. Aštarti);—in Bashan (near Edrei) Dt 1:4 (-רֹת), Jos 12:4; 13:12, 31 (all + אֶדְרֶ֑עִי), 9:10; 1 Ch 6:56 = בְּעֶשְׁתְּרָה (i.e. בֵּית עַשְׁתָּרָה) Jos 21:27; also עַשְׁתְּרֹת קַרְנַיִם Gn 14:5 (𝔊 Ασταρωθ Καρναιν, cf. GFM JBL xvi (1897), 155 f. who expl. name as ʿAshtereth of the two-peaked mt.); cf. further, קַרְנַיִם Am 6:13;—site prob. either Tel ʿAštara, 21 miles E. of Sea of Galilee, or Muzeirib, 8 miles further S.; poss. both occur in OT; cf. especially Dr Ashtaroth in HastDB Di Gn 14:5 BuhlGeogr. 248 ff. GASm Ency. Bib. 335 f.

εἴδωλον, τό, (εἶδος) phantom, Refs 8th c.BC+; βροτῶν εἴδωλα καμόντων, of ghosts, Refs 8th c.BC+ __2 any unsubstantial form, εἴδωλον σκιᾶς Refs 5th c.BC+; εἴ. ἄλλως a mere form, Refs; αἰῶνος εἴ. Refs 5th c.BC+ __3 image reflected in a mirror or in water, Refs 5th c.BC+ __4 in the system of Epicurus, film given off by any object and conveying an impression to the eye, Refs 4th c.BC+ __II image in the mind, idea, Refs 5th c.BC+; phantom of the mind, fancy, Refs 5th c.BC+ __III image, likeness, γυναικὸς εἴ. χρύσεον Refs 5th c.BC+ __IV later, image of a god, idol, LXX+NT+6th c.AD+ __V εἴ. οὐράνια constellations, Refs 3rd c.BC+

θάπτω, future θάψω Refs 4th c.BC+:—passive, future τᾰφήσομαι Refs 5th c.BC+: aorist 1 ἐθάφθην Refs 5th c.BC+; more frequently aorist 2 ἐτάφην [ᾰ] Refs, and alwaysin Attic dialect, as Refs 5th c.BC+; participle ἐν-θαφείς Refsperfect τέθαμμαι, Ionic dialect3rd.pers. plural τετάφαται variant{τεθάφαται} Refs 5th c.BC+; infinitive τεθάφθαι Refs 4th c.BC+: pluperfect passive ἐτέθαπτο Refs 8th c.BC+:—honour with funeral rites, ὅτε μιν θάπτωσιν Ἀχαιοί Refs 8th c.BC+ (but frequently used later with reference to cremation, Refs 5th c.BC+; θ. ἐς χῶρον Refs 5th c.BC+; θ. ἐξ οἰκίας to carry out to burial from a house, Refs 4th c.BC+; καταλείψει μηδὲ ταφῆναι not even his burial expenses, Refs 5th c.BC+

ψευδο-προφήτης, ου, ὁ, false, lying prophet, NT+1st c.AD+

† II. [גָּאַל] vb. defile, late (cf. גָּעַל)— Niph. Pf. 3 mpl. נְגֹאֲלוּ Is 59:3 La 4:14, on form v. Ges§ 51 h, Köi 265; Pt. נִגְאָלָה Zp 3:1;—be defiled, hands with blood בַּדָּם, Is 59:3 cf. La 4:14; pt. as subst. defiled, polluted one Zp 3:1 of Jerusalem (‖ מֹֽרְאָה; appos. הָעִיר הַיּוֹנָה). Pi. Pf. 1 pl. sf. גֵּאַלְנוּךָ Mal 1:7 pollute, desecrate, obj. י׳ (desecrated in his altar). Pu. Impf. וַיְגֹאֲלוּ מִן־הַכְּהֻנָּה Ezr 2:62 = Ne 7:64 cstr. pregn. and they were desecrated out of the priesthood, i.e. deposed, as desecrated ones; Pt. מְגֹאָל of bread laid on Yahweh’s altar Mal 1:7; of Yahweh’s altar (table, שֻׁלְחָן) v 12. Hiph. Pf. 1 s. אֶגְאָ֑לְתִּי Is 63:3 (on Aramaic form v. Köi 27 Ges§ 53 R. 6 but) read perhaps גֵּאָ֑לְתִּי Pi., v. GFMThLZ 1887, 292 cf. also Gesl.c. N. Ol§ 255 b Sta§ 159 b, 3;—I have polluted, i.e. stained, all my raiment, Hithp. Impf. יִתְגָּאַל Dn 1:8; יִתְגָּאָ֑ל v 8;—defile himself.

† דָּשֵׁן vb. be fat, grow fat (Arabic دَسِمَ; whence also دَسَمٌ grease, fat; NH דִּשֵּׁן make fat, cf. NH דֶּשֶׁן fat)— Qal Pf. 3 ms. וְדָשֵׁן consec. Dt 31:20 (JE) fig. of Isr.’s prosperity. Pi. Pf. דִּשַּׁנְתָּ ψ 23:5; וְדִשְּׁנוּ consec. Nu 4:13; Impf.: יְדַשְּׁנֶה־סֶּֽלָה ψ 20:4 volunt. (cf. Ges§ 48, 3 De; but perhaps read sf. -נֶהָ, -נָהּ v. Ki Gesl.c.); 3 fs. תְּדַשֶּׁן־ Pr 15:30; Inf. לְדַשְּׁנוֹ Ex 27:3—causat. make fat ד׳ בשׁמן ראשׁי i.e. anoint, symbol of festivity and joy ψ 23:5; ד׳ עָ֑צֶם Pr 15:30 of bodily effect of good news; ד׳ עולה find a burnt-offering fat = acceptable ψ 20:4; elsewhere denom. from דֶּשֶׁן (fat ashes);—take away, clear away the fat ashes (acc. of altar cleared) Nu 4:13 (P), so סירות לְדַשְּׁנוֹ Ex 27:3 (P). Pu. Impf. יְדֻשָּׁ֑ן Pr 28:25 Is 34:7; 3 fs. תְּדֻשָּׁן Pr 11:25; 13:4—pass. of causat. Pi. be made fat, of dust saturated מֵחֵלֶב Is 34:7; fig. of prosperity of the liberal Pr 11:25, the diligent 13:4, the trustful 28:25. Hothp. Pf. 3 fs. הֻדַּ֫שְׁנָה (cf. Ol§ 271 Ges§ 54, 3) Is 34:6, of Yahweh’s sword:—it hath fattened itself מֵחֶלֶב (‖ מָֽלְאָה דָּם).

† זַךְ adj. pure, clean; abs. זַךְ Jb 8:6 + 5 times; זָ֛ךְ Ex 27:20 Lv 24:2; f. זַכָּה Ex 30:34 + 2 times;— 1. lit., pure, i.e. unmixed, free from foreign substances, of olive oil Ex 27:20 Lv 24:2, of frankincense Ex 30:34 Lv 24:7 (all P and H). 2. fig., pure, clean, righteous (only Jb Pr):—of man Jb 8:6 (‖ יָשָׁר); 33:9 (+ בְּלִי פָ֑שַׁע; ‖ חַף) as subst. = the pure, righteous וְזַךְ יָשָׁר פָּעֳלוֹ Pr 21:8 (opp. וָזָר֑ q.v.); of mode of life כָּל־דַּרְכֵי־אִישׁ זַךְ בְּעֵינָיו Pr 16:2; of mode of action (פָּעֳלוֹ) 20:11 (‖ יָשָׁר); of doctrine (לִקְחִי) Jb 11:4 (‖ בַּר הייתי); of prayer 16:17 (‖ לֹא חָמָס בְּכַפָּ֑י).

† [חָנֵף] vb. be polluted, profane (Arabic حَنَفَ incline, decline, hence حَنِيفٌ inclining to a right state, but in Heb. of inclining away from right, irreligion, profaneness, cf. حَنِفَ have a حَنَفٌ i.e. distortion of foot; Syriac in deriv. be profane, etc.; NH Hiph., Aramaic Aph. act falsely toward, flatter, חֲנוּכָּה hypocrisy; Assyrian ḫanpu, ruthlessness; ḫanâpu, exercise ruthlessness toward, Tel Amarna ZimZA vi. 1891, 256)— Qal Pf. 3 fs. חָֽנְפָה Is 24:5; 3 pl. חָנֵפ֑וּ Je 23:11; Impf. 3 fs. תֶּחֱנַף Je 3:1; תֶּחֱנָ֑ף Mi 4:11; וַתֶּחֱנַף Je 3:9 ψ 106:38; Inf. abs. חָנוֹף Je 3:1;— 1. be polluted: of land Is 24:5; Je 3:1(×2) ψ 106:38; of Zion Mi 4:11. 2. of prophet and priest = be חָנֵף (cf. infr.) i.e. profane, godless Je 23:11.—Je 3:9 appar. trans. וַתֶּחֱנַף את הארץ, Gf del. את, Gie cites Ges§ 121, 1, but read rather Hiph. וַתַּחֲנֵף with Codd. 𝔊 Ew al. (v. also Gf Gie). Hiph. Impf. יַחֲנִיף Nu 35:33; Dn 11:32; 2 fs. וַתַּחֲנִ֫יפִי Je 3:2; 2 mpl. תַּחֲנִ֫יפוּ;— 1. pollute: the land Nu 35:33(×2) (by blood; P), Je 3:2 (by idolatry, etc.) + Je 3:9 (v. supr.) 2. make profane, godless Dn 11:32 c. acc. pers.

† [חַרְטֹם] n.m. Ex 7:22 engraver, writer, only in deriv. sense of one possessed of occult knowledge, diviner, astrologer, magician (prob. = ם + חֶרֶט, v. Di Ol§ 216, 5 Sta§§ 295, 327 a)—only pl. abs. חַרְטֻמִּים Gn 41:24 + 4 times; חַרְטֻמִּם Ex 8:15; 9:11; cstr. חַרְטֻמֵּי Gn 41:8 + 2 times;— 1. magicians of Egypt Gn 41:8 (E; ‖ חֲכָמִים), v 24 (E), Ex 8:3, 14, 15; 7:11 (‖ חֲכָמִים, מְכַשְּׁפִים), v 22 9:11(×2) (all P). 2. magicians of Babylon Dn 1:20; 2:2 (‖ אַשָּׁפִים, מְכַשְּׁפִים, כַּשְׂדִּים). the fact that the word is always applied to Egypt. magicians, except Dn 2:2 (late), suggests Egypt. origin, but no agreement among Egyptologists: HarkavyJAs, 1870, Mars–Avril, 169 proposes xar, speak + tum, hidden = teller of hidden things; WiedSamml 44: thinks Heb. word perhaps imitating an Egypt. cher-ṭem-t, he who holds the book; FCCook ‘Speaker’s’ Comm. i. 279 proposes cher-tum = bearer of sacred words.

† חָרִם n.pr.m. (consecrated; cf. Sab. n.pr.m. חרם, יחרמאל Hal411. 504 DHMl.c.)— 1. priest of the third course, David’s time, according to 1 Ch 24:8. 2. priest of time of Nehemiah Ne 10:6. 3. heads of families of returning exiles: a. Ezr 2:39 = Ne 7:42, Ezr 10:21 Ne 12:15. b. Ezr 2:32 = Ne 7:35, Ezr 10:31 Ne 3:11. 4. a prince Ne 10:28.

† [טוּחַ] vb. over-spread, over-lay, coat, besmear (NH id.; Aramaic id.; cf. Arabic طَاخَ re foeda contaminatus fuit, or contaminavit; مُطَيَّخٌ camel smeared with tar);— Qal Pf. 3 ms. וְטָח consec. Lv 14:42 (on טַח Is 44:18 v. טחח); 3 pl. טָחוּ Ez 22:28; טַחְתֶּם Ez 13:12, 14; Inf. cstr. לָטוּחַ 1 Ch 29:4; Pt. pl. טָחִים Ez 13:10 + 2 times; cstr. טָחֵי Ez 13:11; only P Ez Ch;—over-spread, coat (c. acc. of house) with earth (clay, עָפָר) Lv 14:42; over-lay (walls with gold and silver) c. acc. of wall 1 Ch 29:4; metaph. of coating over Jerusalem, under fig. of a wall, with a superficial coating, to hide its real weakness Ez 13:15 (acc. of wall), v 12 c. acc. of coating (טִיחַ); with תָּפֵל (q.v.) v 11; c. 2 acc. v 10, 14, 15; cf. וּנְבִיאֶיהָ טָחוּ להם תָּפֵל Ez 22:28 where sf. ref. to oppressive nobles, i.e. the prophets ‘whitewash’ for them (their evil deeds). Niph. Inf. cstr. הִטּוֹחַ be coated (with עפר) Lv 14:43; and, fully, הִטֹּחַ את־הבית 14:48 (both P).

† יִדְּעֹנִי n.m. familiar spirit (proposes either as knowing, wise (acquainted with secrets of unseen world), Ew vielwisserisch; or as intimate acquaintance of soothsayer, v. RS JPh. xiv. 1885. 127)—abs. יִדְּעֹנִי Dt 18:11 + 2 times; pl. יִדְּעֹנִים 1 S 28:3 + 6 times; הַיִּדְּעֹנִי מִן 1 S 28:9, read הַיִּדְּעֹנִים מִן (v. 𝔊 Th We Klo Dr); familiar spirit, always ‖ אוֹב, אֹבוֹת 1 S 28:3, 9 Is 8:19; 19:3 2 K 21:6 (עשׂה אוֹב; ‖ נִחֵשׁ, עוֹנֵן) = 2 Ch 33:6, 2 K 23:24 Lv 19:31; 20:6, 27 (all H; on last two cf. Acts 16:16 and Dr Dt 18:11), (‖ אוֹב + דֹּרֵשׁ אֶל־הַמֵּתִים).

† II. [נָחַשׁ] vb. only Pi. practise divination, divine, observe signs (denom. from נָחָשׁ according to NöZeitschr. f. Völkerpsychol. i (1860), 413 BauSem. Rel., i. 287 LagBN 188 GerberVerb. Denom. 29; otherwise WeSkizzen iii. 147 MeChrest. Targ. s.v. BAES 48 (agst. him v. Sta Th Lz, April 28, 1894, 235); chief difficulty is that Aramaic, which has נַהֵשׁ, has no נָחָשׁ, cf. RSJPh. xiv. 115;—NH Qal Pt. נוֹחֵשׁ, and Pi.; Aramaic Pa. נַחֵשׁ, ܢܰܚܶܫ all = divine, learn by omens; perhaps cp. also Arabic نَحِسَ be unlucky Lane275 cf. Mel.c.);—Pf. 3 ms. וְנִחֵשׁ 2 K 21:6 2 Ch 33:6; 1 s. נִחַ֫שְׁתִּי Gn 30:27; Impf. יְנַחֵשׁ Gn 44:5, 15; 3 mpl. יְנַחֲשׁוּ 1 K 20:33, וַיְנַחֵ֑שׁוּ 2 K 17:17; 2 mpl. תְּנַתֲשׁוּ Lv 19:26; Inf. abs. נַחֵשׁ 1 K 20:33; Pt. מְנַחֵשׁ Dt 18:10 (cf. especially RSJPh. xiv. 113 ff.);— 1. practise divination Gn 44:5 (J; by means of cup, i.e. by hydromancy), with implied power to learn secret things v 15; condemned by proph. writer 2 K 21:6 = 2 Ch 33:6 (+ עוֹנֵן וְעָשָׂה אוֹב וְיִדְּעֹנִים), 2 K 17:17 (‖ וַיִּקְסְמוּ קְסָמִים), forbidden in D and H: Dt 18:10 (+ קֹסֵם קְסָמִים מְעוֹנֵן וּמְכַשֵּׁף), Lv 19:26 (H; ‖ תְּעוֹנֵנ֑וּ). 2. observe the signs or omens Gn 30:27 (J); so prob. יְנַחֲשׁוּ 1 K 20:33 now the men were observing the signs.

† קֶ֫סֶם n.[m.] divination;—abs. ק׳ Nu 23:23 +, קָ֑סֶם Ez 21:26; cstr. קֶסֶם 13:6; pl. קְסָמִים Dt 18:10 +;— 1. of the nations: Balaam, Nu 23:23 (poem in JE; ‖ נַחַשׁ; c. ב against; as acc. cogn. לִקְסָם־ק׳ Ez 21:26; ק׳ as instr. of divination בִּימִינוֹ v 27; so of elders of Moab and Midian, קְסָמִים בְּיָדָם, Nu 22:7 (E).—Is 2:6 v. [קָסַס" dir="rtl" >קָסַם]. 2. of false proph. ק׳ כָּזָב Ez 13:6 (but v. [קָסַם]); ק׳ as acc. cogn. Ez 13:23 (כָּזָב as v 9 21:34; 22:28); ק׳ אֱלִיל (so Gf for MT וֶאֱלִו֯ל) Je 14:14 (all ‖ חזה שׁוא or שׁקר); קֹסֵם קְסָמִים prohibited Dt 18:10; 2 K 17:17; reprobated 1 S 15:23 (poem; ‖ תרפים). 3. in good sense ק׳ עַל שִׂפְתֵי מֶלֶךְ Pr 16:10 (king’s lips as oracle).

† קָרְחָה, קָרְחָא n.f. baldness, bald spot, made in mourning;—abs. ק׳ Is 3:24 +; sf. קָרְחָתֵךְ Mi 1:16;—bald spot, עַל־כָּל־רֹאשׁ Am 8:10, בְּכָל־ר׳ Is 15:2; Ez 7:18; ק׳ בְּרֹאשׁ Lv 21:5 (acc. cogn.); כָּל־רֹאשׁ ק׳ Je 48:37; ק׳ כַּנֶּשֶׁר Mi 1:16; בֵּין עֵינֵיכֶם Dt 14:1; opp. מַעֲשֶׂה מִקְשֶׁה Is 3:24; also Je 47:5 and (acc. cogn.) Ez 27:31 (קָרְחָא).

ἀκᾰθαρ-σία, ἡ, uncleanness, foulness, of a wound or sore, Refs 5th c.BC+ __b dirt, filth, Refs 1st c.BC+ __2 in moral sense, depravity, Refs 4th c.BC+ __3 ceremonial impurity, LXX

εἰδωλό-θῠτος, ον, sacrificed to idols: substantive εἰδωλόθυτα, τά, meats offered to idols, NT

ἔνοχος, ον, ={ἐνεχόμενος}, held in, bound by, τοιαύταις δόξαις Refs 4th c.BC+; [ἔθεσι γεροντικοῖς] Refs 4th c.BC+ __2 with genitive, connected with, κοιλίης Refs 5th c.BC+ __II as law-term, liable to, subject to, νόμοις, δίκαις, NT+5th c.BC+; τοῖς ἐπιτιμίοις τοῦ φόνου Refs 5th c.BC+; ἔ. ἀνοίαις liable to the imputation of it, Refs 5th c.BC+ __II.2 ἔνοχος ψευδομαρτυρίοις liable to action for.., Refs 5th c.BC+; βιαίων, λιποταξίου (i.e. δίκῃ, γραφῇ), LXX+5th c.BC+; ἔ. θανάτου liable to the penalty of death, NT+1st c.BC+: with infinitive, ἔ. ἔστω ἀποτῖσαι Refs __II.3 less frequently with Preps., ἔ. ἐν τοῖς αὐτοῖς Decrees cited in Refs 6th c.BC+ __II.4 guilty, liable to the penalty for, ἔ. τῷ φόνῳ Refs 5th c.BC+ __II.4.b of property, subject to liability, Refs 6th c.AD+

πενθ-έω, Epic dialect 3rd.pers. dual πενθείετον Refs 8th c.BC+; Epic dialect infinitive πενθήμεναι Refs 8th c.BC+: future -ήσωRefs 4th c.BC+: aorist ἐπένθησα Refs 4th c.BC+: perfect πεπένθηκα Refs 4th c.BC+: (πένθος):— bewail, lament, especially for persons, νέκυν πενθῆσαι Refs 8th c.BC+: absolutely, mourn, go into mourning, Refs 5th c.BC+:—passive, to be mourned for, Refs 5th c.BC+ __2 of things, π. κακά Refs 5th c.BC+

σέβομαι, mostly used in present: imperfect in Refs 5th c.BC+: future σεβήσομαι Refs 2nd c.AD+: aorist ἐσέφθην Refs 5th c.BC+:—feel awe or fear before God,feel shame, οὔ νυ σέβεσθ; Refs 8th c.BC+; σεφθεῖσα awe-stricken, Refs [same place]: rarely with infinitive, dread or fear to do a thing, σ. προσιδέσθαι.., ἀντία φάσθαι Refs 5th c.BC+: so with accusative of things, to fear to do it, Refs 5th c.BC+: with participle, σ. προσορῶν Refs 5th c.BC+ __2 after Refs 8th c.BC+, with accusative person, revere, worship, Κρονίδαν Refs 5th c.BC+; πάντων ἀνάκτων κοινοβωμίανRefs 5th c.BC+; Λυκοῦργον σέβεσθαι worship him as a hero, Refs 5th c.BC+; do homage to Zeus, Refs 4th c.BC+: generally, pay honour or respect to.. , θνατοὺς ἄγαν σ. Refs; τὸ φίλον Refs 5th c.BC+ __2.b especially of Jewish proselytes, σεβομένη τὸν θεόν NT+1st c.AD+; σεβόμενοι προσήλυτοι, Ἕλληνες, NT __3 of things, τὰ βυβλία σεβόμενοι μεγάλως Refs 5th c.BC+ __II active σέβω is post-Refs 8th c.BC+, used only in present and imperfect, worship, honour, mostly of the gods, σ. Δήμητρος πανήγυριν Refs 7th c.BC+; τἀν ἍιδουRefs; rare in Prose, νομίζεται θεοὺς σέβειν Refs 5th c.BC+; but also of parents, Refs 5th c.BC+; of kings, Refs; of suppliants, Refs 5th c.BC+; σέβειν ἐν τιμῇ with accusative, Refs 5th c.BC+infinitive, ὑβρίζειν ἐν κακοῖσιν οὐ σέβω, i.e. τὸ ὑβρίζειν, I do not respect, approve it, Refs 4th c.BC+: rarely of a god, Ποσειδῶν.. τὰς ἐμὰς ἀρὰς σέβων Refs 5th c.BC+ —σέβομαι as passive, to be reverenced, ἡ δ᾽ οἴκοι [πόλις] πλέον δίκῃ σέβοιτ᾽ ἄν Refs 5th c.BC+; τὸ σεβόμενον reverence, Refs 1st c.AD+ __II.2 less frequently absolutely, to worship, to be religious, τὸν σέβοντ᾽ εὐεργετεῖν Refs 5th c.BC+; but in all these places an object should perhaps be supplied from the context. (σέβομαι probably originally 'I shrink from.. ', of which σοβέω is the causal; perhaps cognate with Sanskrit tyajati 'desert, let go'.)

† [גָּעַל] vb. abhor, loathe (NH געל Nithpa. be fouled, Hiph. rinse out with hot water; גְּעִילָה rejection; Aramaic געל Ithpe. be fouled, soiled)— Qal Pf. 3 fs. גָּֽעֲלָה Lv 26:43 Je 14:19, וְגָֽעֲלָה cons. Lv 26:30; גְּעַלְתִּים Lv 26:44; גָּֽעֲלוּ Ez 16:45; Impf. 3 fs. תִּגְעַל Lv 26:11, 15; Pt. f. גֹּעֶ֫לֶת Ez 16:45;—abhor, loathe, (usually c. acc.), Yahweh, his people Lv 26:11, 30, 44 (H) Je 14:19 (c. בְּ); the people, Yahweh’s statutes, Lv 26:15, 43 (H); Ez 16:45(×2) women their husbands (fig., in proph. ag. Jerusalem). Niph. נִגְעַל מָגֵן גִּבּוֹרִים 2 S 1:21 the shield of heroes was defiled RVm VB Kirkp. but is rejected, cast away (with loathing) Dr, cf. Klo; 𝔊 προσωχθίσθη. Hiph. Impf. שׁוֹרוֹ עִבַּר וְלֹא יַגְעִ֑ל Jb 21:10; and doth not cause, or allow, (the cow) to reject as loathesome Ra De, cf. Di1; Di2, however, of bull, cast away (semen), or shew aversion.

† II. [עָנַן] vb. Pōʿ. practise soothsaying (prob. denom., but orig. meaning dub.; connex. with i. עָנָן (De Is 2:6) now gen. abandoned; LöwZMG xxxi (1877), 539 cp. עַיִן eye, so WeSkizzen iii. 148 (but v. infr.); RSJPhil. xiv (1885), 119 f. cp. Arabic غُنَّةٌ nasal twang, hum of insects, whence diviners as crooning; Ew Gerber31 of diviner as interpreting hum of insects, whisper of leaves, etc.; WeHeid. 2, 204 now cp. عَنَّ appear, i.e. dealers in phenomena);—Pf. 3 ms. consec. וְעוֹנֵן 2 K 21:6 = 2 Ch 33:6; Impf. 2 mpl. וְלֹא תְעוֹנֵ֑נוּ Lv 19:26 (H); Pt. as subst. מְעוֹנֵן Dt 18:10 (forbidden), pl. מְעֹנְנִים v 14, מְעוֹ׳ Mi 5:11, אֵלוֹן מְעוֹנְנִים Ju 9:37 (v. i. אֵלוֹן; seat of an oracle, cf. RSSem i. 179, 2nd ed. 196); also (without מְ, cf. Sta§ 233 Köi. 349) עֹנְנִים Is 2:6, sf. עֹנְנֵיכֶם Je 27:9; fs. in בְּנֵי עֹנְנָה Is 57:3 sons of a soothsaying woman, fig. of apostates.—Vid. כִּשֵּׁף, II. [נָחַשׁ], [קָסַם].

ἀλείφω, Refs 5th c.BC+: future -ψωLXX, (ἐξ-) Refs 5th c.BC+: aorist ἤλειψαRefs 8th c.BC+, Attic dialect, Epic dialect ἄλειψαRefs 8th c.BC+perfect ἀλήλῐφα (ἀπ-) Refs 4th c.BC+:—middle, future -ψομαιRefs 5th c.BC+aorist ἠλειψάμην Attic dialect, Epic dialect ἀλ-Refs 8th c.BC+ —passive, future ἀλειφθήσομαι (ἐξ-) Refs 4th c.BC+: aorist 1 ἠλείφθηνRefs 5th c.BC+aorist 2 ἐξ-ηλίφην variant in Refs 5th c.BC+, (ἀπ-) Refs 5th c.BC+, (ἐξ-, ὑπ-) Refs 5th c.BC+:—anoint the skin with oil, as was done after bathing, active referring to another, middle to oneself, λοῦσαι κέλετ᾽ ἀμφί τ᾽ ἀλεῖψαιRefs 8th c.BC+: later of anointing for gymnastic exercises, λίπα μετὰ τοῦ γυμνάζεσθαι ἠλείψαντοRefs 6th c.BC+; of anointing the sick, NT+4th c.BC+ __2 supply oil for gymnasts, ἀλειφούσης τῆς πόλεως Refs 1st c.AD+; ἀ. πανήγυριν, ἔθνη, Refs; οἱ -όμενοι youths undergoing gymnastic training, Refs; οἱ ἀ. ἐν τῷ γυμνασίῳ Refs; ἀλείφεσθαι παρά τινι to attend a gymnastic school, Refs 2nd c.AD+ __3 polish, τράπεζανRefs 4th c.BC+ __4 metaphorically, prepare as if for gymnastics, encourage, stimulate, instigate, Refs 5th c.BC+:—passive, τοὺς -ομένους ἐπί τιRefs 5th c.BC+ __II daub, plaster, besmear, οὔατα ἀλεῖψαι stop up ears, Refs 8th c.BC+

† [יָע] n.[m.] shovel (𝔗 Jer יָעֵי Ex 27:3)—pl. הַיָּעִים Ex 38:3 + 7 times; יָעָיו 27:3;—utensils for cleaning altar, shovels Ex 27:3; 38:3 Nu 4:14 (all P), 1 K 7:40, 45; 2 K 25:14; 2 Ch 4:11, 16; Je 52:18 (only in lists of utensils).

† I. [סוּךְ, סִיךְ] vb. pour in anointing, anoint (NH Aramaic סוּךְ anoint);— Qal Pf. 2 fs. וָסַכְתְּ consec. Ru 3:3; 1 s. סָ֑כְתִּי Dn 10:3; Impf. 2 ms. תָּסוּךְ Dt 28:40 Mi 6:15; 2 fs. תָּסוּכִי 2 S 14:2; 1 s. sf. וָאֲסֻכֵֿךְ Ez 16:9; 3 mpl. sf. וַיְסֻכוּם 2 Ch 28:15; also (prob.) 3 ms. וַיָּ֫סֶךְ 2 S 12:20 (Ges§ 73 f.); Inf. abs. סוֹךְ Dn 10:3; appar. Impf. pass. is יִיסָ֔ךְ read יוסך Sam. (Köi.436) Ex 30:32 (and not Hoph., cf. Gesl.c.);—anoint, in the toilet, often after washing; usually 1. refl. anoint oneself, 2 S 12:20; Ru 3:3, סוֹךְ לֹא־סָ֑כְתִּי Dn 10:3; + שֶׁמֶן as acc. mat. 2 S 14:2 Mi 6:15; Dt 28:40. 2. act., anoint another Ez 16:9 (בַּשֶּׁמֶן), 2 Ch 28:15. 3. pass., be poured, Ex 30:32 (P; subj. the sacred oil).

† פַּז n.m. ψ 19:11 refined, pure gold (Talm. פִּיזָּא; 𝔗 פִּיזּוּזָא);—עֲטֶרֶת פָּ֑ז ψ 21:4; in compar. of value or beauty: La 4:2, אַדְנֵי־פ׳ Ct 5:15; ‖ (or +) זהב Jb 28:17 (כְּלִי־פ׳), ψ 19:11 (+ רָ֑ב); 119:127; ‖ כֶּתֶם Is 13:12, cf. כֶּתֶם פ׳ Ct 5:11; + חָרוּץ Pr 8:19.

ἁγνός, ή, όν, (compare ἅγιος) pure, chaste, holy, Refs 8th c.BC+ __I of places and things dedicated to gods, hallowed, ἑορτήRefs 8th c.BC+; of frankincense, ἁγνὴ ὀδμήRefs 6th c.BC+; φάος, λουτρόν, Refs 5th c.BC+; of food, Refs 4th c.AD+; χρηστήριαRefs 5th c.BC+; ἐν ἁγνῷ on holyground, Refs 4th c.BC+ a spot not lawful to tread on, Refs 5th c.BC+ __I.2 of divine persons, chaste, pure, Refs 8th c.BC+, mostly of Artemis, χρυσόθρονος Ἄ. ἁ.Refs 8th c.BC+; of Demeter, Refs 7th c.BC+; ἁ. θεαί, Demeter and Persephone, Refs 5th c.BC+: of the attributes of gods, θεῶν σέβαςRefs 5th c.BC+ __II after Refs 8th c.BC+, of persons, undefiled, chaste, of maidens, Refs 7th c.BC+; ἁ. αὐδά, of a maiden's voice, Refs; of Hippolytus, Refs 5th c.BC+; with genitive, λέχους ἁ. δέμαςRefs 5th c.BC+; ἁ. ἀπ᾽ ἀνδρὸς συνουσίας Jusj. cited in Refs 4th c.BC+ __II.2 pure from blood, guiltless, ἁγνοὶ τοὐπὶ τήνδε τὴν κόρηνRefs 5th c.BC+; ὅθ᾽ ἁ. ἦν when he had been purified, Refs 5th c.BC+; Δάματρος ἀκτᾶς δέμας ἁ. ἴσχειν pure from food, Refs 5th c.BC+ __II.3 generally, pure, upright, ἀέθλων ἁ. κρίσιςRefs 5th c.BC+ __III adverb ἁγνῶς καὶ καθαρῶςRefs 8th c.BC+

ἀφθαρ-σία, ἡ, incorruption, immortality, NT+4th c.BC+ __II integrity, sincerity, NT

κόπτω, Refs 8th c.BC+: future κόψω Refs 6th c.BC+aorist ἔκοψα, Epic dialect κόψα Refs 8th c.BC+perfect κέκοφα (ἐκ-) Refs 5th c.BC+; Epic dialect participle κεκοπώς Refs 8th c.BC+:—middle, future κόψομαι LXX: aorist ἐκοψάμην Refs 5th c.BC+ —passive, future κεκόψομαι (ἀπο-) LXX+5th c.BC+: aorist ἐκόπην Refs 5th c.BC+: perfect κέκομμαι Refs 4th c.BC+:— cut, strike, __1 smite, ο᾽ ἀμφὶ κάρη κεκοπὼς χερσὶ στιβαρῇσι Refs 8th c.BC+ smote him on the cheek, Refs 8th c.BC+ __2 smite with weapons, κόπτοντες δούρεσσι μετάφρενον Refs 8th c.BC+: metaphorically in passive, with play on words, αἰεὶ κόπτῃ ῥήμασι καὶ κοπίσιν Refs __3 smite, slaughter an animal with an axe or mallet, κόψας ἐξόπιθεν κεράων βοός Refs 8th c.BC+ __4 cut off, chop off, κεφαλὴν ἀπὸ δειρῆς κόψεν Refs 8th c.BC+; κ. δένδρα cut down or fell trees, Refs 5th c.BC+; κ. τὴν χώραν lay it waste, Refs:—in passive, of ships, to be shattered, disabled by the enemy, Refs 5th c.BC+; τὸν ὕπνον ἁ φροντὶς κόπτοισα preventing, Refs 3rd c.BC+; [πνεῦμα] κοπτόμενον being suddenly stopped, arrested, Refs 4th c.BC+ __5 strike, beat a horse, to make him go faster, κόψε δ᾽ Ὀδυσσεὺς τόξῳ Refs 8th c.BC+; also σκηπανίῳ Γαιήοχος ἀμφοτέρω (i.e. Αἴαντε) κεκοπὼς πλῆσεν μένεος Refs __6 hammer, forge, κόπτε δὲ δεσμούς Refs 8th c.BC+; later, stamp metal, i.e. coin money, κ. νόμισμα Refs 6th c.BC+:—middle, coin oneself money, order to be coined, κ. χρυσοῦ καὶ ἀργύρου νόμισμα Refs:—passive, of money, to be stamped or coined, [νομίσμασιν] μόνοις ὀρθῶς κοπεῖσι Refs 5th c.BC+ __7 knock or rap at, τὴν θύραν Refs 5th c.BC+; without θύραν, οὗτος, τί κόπτει; Refs 5th c.BC+ __8 pound, bray in a mortar, κυπἐρου κεκομμένου Refs 5th c.BC+; ἀσταφίδα κεκ. Refs 2nd c.AD+; ἔλαιον κεκ., i.e. pure oil, LXX __9 knock, dash about, τὸ ὕδωρ ὅταν κοπῇ Refs 8th c.BC+ __10 of birds, peck, Refs 4th c.BC+; ὁ ἁλιάετος.. τὰ λιμναῖα κ. preys on the lagoon life, Refs; σπειρὴν κ. peck at, Refs 4th c.BC+; of fish, gnaw, Refs 4th c.BC+; of a snake, strike, Refs 8th c.BC+:—passive, of wood or seeds, to be worm-eaten, Refs 4th c.BC+ __10.b munch, masticate, uncertain in Refs 5th c.BC+ __11 ὁ ἵππος κ. τὸν ἀναβάτην jars his rider by his paces, Refs 5th c.BC+:—passive,Refs 5th c.BC+ __12 κ. ὄνους dress, prepare mill-stones for use, Refs 2nd c.AD+; set, sharpen, Refs 3rd c.BC+:—middle, Refs 1st c.AD+ __13 metaphorically, tire out, weary, μήθ᾽ ὑμῖν ἐνοχλῶ μήτ᾽ ἐμαυτὸν κ. Refs 4th c.BC+ P.:—passive, to be worn out, κοπτόμενοι ἀεὶ ταῖς στρατείαις Refs 4th c.BC+. __II middle κόπτομαι, beat or strike oneself, beat one's breast or head through grief, κεφαλὴν δ᾽ ὅ γε κόψατο χερσίν Refs 8th c.BC+: perfect passive, [πόλις] κέκοπται Refs 4th c.BC+:—active with accusative cognate, ἐκοψα κομμὸν Ἄριον Refs __II.2 κόπτεσθαί τινα mourn for any one, κόπτεσθ᾽ Ἄδωνιν NT+5th c.BC+. (Cf. Lithuanian kapóti, Lett. kapāt 'chop small', 'beat', 'stamp', Latin capo 'capon', perhaps σκέπαρνον.)

μνῆμα, Doric dialect and Aeolic dialect μνᾶμα, ατος, τό, (μνάομαι, μιμνήσκω) memorial, remembrance, record of a person or thing, with genitive, μνῆμ᾽ Ἑλένης χειρῶν Refs 8th c.BC+; Νικοκλέος μνᾶμα κελαδῆσαι Refs 4th c.BC+; λυγρᾶς μνήματα Τροίας, of the sufferings of the Greeks, Refs 5th c.BC+; μ... διὰ χειρὸς ἔχων, i. e. the dead body of his son, Refs __2 mound or building in honour of the dead, monument, tomb, Refs 5th c.BC+; coffin, Refs 5th c.BC+ __3 memorial dedicated to a god, Refs 4th c.BC+: generally, monument, Refs 6th c.BC+ __II ={μνήμη}, memory, μ. ἔχουσ᾽ ἀγαθῶν Refs 6th c.BC+

ὅσι-ος, α, ον, also ος, ον Refs 5th c.BC+:— hallowed, i. e. sanctioned or allowed by the law of God or of nature, δίκη Refs 6th c.BC+; οὐχ ὅ. unhallowed, ὕβρις Refs 5th c.BC+ —The sense of ὅσιος often depends on its relation on the one hand to δίκαιος (sanctioned by human law), on the other to ἱερός (sacred to the gods): __1 opposed to δίκαιος, sanctioned by divine law, hallowed, holy (μόριον τοῦ δικαίου τὸ ὅ. Refs 5th c.BC+ things of human and divine ordinance, Refs 5th c.BC+; θεοὺς ὅσιόν τι δρᾶν discharge a duty men owe the gods, Refs 5th c.BC+; τὸ ὅσιον, ={εὐσέβεια}, Refs 5th c.BC+: in an imprecatory formula, ἀποδοῦσι μὲν αὐτοῖς ὅσια ᾖ, μὴ ἀποδοῦσι δὲ ἀνόσια Refs __2 opposed to ἱερός, permitted or not forbidden by divine law, profane, ἱερὰ καὶ ὅ. things sacred and profane, ἐς ὀλιγωρίαν ἐτράποντο καὶ ἱερῶν καὶ ὁ. ὁμοίως Refs 5th c.BC+; κοσμεῖν τὴν πόλιν καὶ τοῖς ἱεροῖς καὶ τοῖς ὁ. with sacred and profane buildings, Refs 5th c.BC+; ὁ ταμίας τῶν ὁ. Refs 3rd c.BC+; ὅ. χωρίον a lawful place (for giving birth to a child), Refs 5th c.BC+; ὅσιόν ἐστι followed by infinitive, it is lawful, not forbidden by any law, Refs 5th c.BC+nefas est, Refs 5th c.BC+; οὐκ ὅσιον ποιεῦμαι I deem it impious, Refs 4th c.BC+; οὐδὲ ὅσια (i.e. ἐστι).. μιαίνειν Refs 5th c.BC+.α; λέγειν Refs 5th c.BC+ __II of persons, pious, devout, religious, ἄνδρες Refs 5th c.BC+; ὅ. θιασῶται, μύσται, Refs 5th c.BC+; opposed to ἀνόσιος, Refs 5th c.BC+; opposed to ἐπίορκος, Refs 5th c.BC+; ὅσιος εἴς τινα, περὶ ξένους, Refs 5th c.BC+ __II.2 sinless, pure, ἐξ ὁ. στομάτων Refs 5th c.BC+; ὅ. ἔστω καὶ εὐαγής Legal Solonis cited in Refs 5th c.BC+ in regard to the sacred rites of his forefathers, Refs 5th c.BC+; also ὅσιαι χέρες pure, clean hands, Refs 5th c.BC+ __II.3 rarely of the gods, holy, Refs 5th c.AD+ __II.4 title of five special priests at Delphi, Refs 1st c.AD+ __II.5 οἱ ὅσιοι 'the saints', LXX __III adverb ὁσίως Refs 5th c.BC+; ὁ. ἂν ὑμῖν ἔχοι τοῦτον θύειν.. it would be right for you that he should.., Refs 5th c.BC+participle, ὁ. ἂν ἔχοι αὐτῷ μὴ δεχομένῳ.. Refs: comparative -ώτερονRefs 5th c.BC+: superlative, ὡς -ώτατα διαβιῶναι τὸν βίον Refs 8th c.BC+

† I. אָבֵל adj. mourning—א׳ Gn 37:35 Est 6:12; cstr. אֲבֶל־ ψ 35:14; אֲבֵלִים Jb 29:25 Is 61:2 etc.;—for dead Gn 37:35 (cp. 50:11), calamity Est 6:12; fig. La 1:4 (pred., inanim. subj.), elsewhere as subst. mourner; sg. ψ 35:14 (cstr.) for dead (‖ קדר; pl. Jb 29:25 abs.; for calamity Is 57:18; 61:2, 3 (where mourners for Zion, or of Zion, v. Di).

† I. דְּרוֹר n.[m.] a flowing; free run, liberty;— 1. מָר־דְּרוֹר Ex 30:23 (P) i.e. myrrh of flowing, fine-flowing m. cf. מֹר" dir="rtl" >מֹר & Di. 2. c. קרא proclaim liberty, וּקְרָאתֶם דְּרוֹר בָּאָרֶץ לְכָל־יֹשְׁכֶ֑יהָ Lv 25:10 (H) in Jubilee year, cf. Is 61:1 (‖ פְּקַח־קוֹחַ); Je 34:8, 15, 17 all ref. to liberty of Sabbatical year; v 17 (iron.) lo! I proclaim to you liberty unto the sword, unto pestilence & unto famine, i.e. liberty to be destroyed by sword, pestilence and famine, (a judgment of Yahweh); שְׁנַת־הַדּ׳ Ez 46:17 i.e. year of Jubilee (cf. Lv 25:10).

† [זָכָה] vb. be clear, clean, pure, always in moral sense (Assyrian zakû ZimBP; Aramaic דְּכָא, ܕܟܳܐ, ܕܟܺܝ; cf. Arabic ذَكَا be bright (of a fire), pungent (of an odour); be acute, quick of mind)— Qal Impf. 3 ms. יִזְכֶּה Jb 15:14; 25:4; 2 ms. תִּזְכֶּה ψ 51:6; 1 s. interrog. הַאֶזְכֶּה Mi 6:11;— 1. be clean, pure, of man, in the sight of God, Jb 15:14; 25:4 (in both ‖ יצדק; cf. also זַכּוּ 15:15; 25:5). 2. be clear, be justified = be regarded as just, righteous, of God, ψ 51:6 (‖ תצדק), Mi 6:11. Pi. Pf. 1 s. זִכִּיתִי ψ 73:13 Pr 20:9; Impf. יְזַכֶּה־ ψ 119:9:—make or keep clean, pure, obj. לְבָבִי ψ 73:13 (‖ אֶרְחַץ כַּפָּ֑י), obj. לִבִּי Pr 20:9 (‖ טָהַרְתִּי); obj. אֶת־אָרְחוֹ ψ 119:9. Hithp. Imv. m.pl. הִזַּכּוּ Is 1:16 make yourselves clean (‖ רַחֲצוּ);—on form cf. Ges§ 54, 2, b, Rem. KöLgb. i, 345, 534 Sta§ 129 d.

† [חַמָּן] n.m. sun-pillar, used in idolatrous worship (v. Thes489 ff. RSSem, i, 485 Lag Mi, 228 NowArch. ii, 302; = Palm. חמנא VogNo. 123 a; = Cooke N. Sem. Inscr., No. 136; LzbEphem. ii. (1906), 280; Ph. לבעל חמן often as epithet of solar Baal);—only pl. abs. חַמָּנִים Is 27:9 + 4 times; sf. חַמָּנֵיכֶם Lv 26:30 + 2 times; ‖ בָּמוֹת Lv 26:30 (H), 2 Ch 14:4, cf. Ez 6:4, 6; ‖ מזבחות הבעלים 2 Ch 34:4; ‖ אשׁרים Is 17:8; 27:9; ‖ אשׁרים and פְּסִלִים 2 Ch 34:7.

† [כָּהֵן] n.m. priest (v. BH כהן);—emph. כָּהֲנָא Ezr 7:12, 21; pl. emph. -נַיָּא 6:9, 16, 18; 7:16, 24; sf. (of. Isr.) -נ֫וֹהִי v 13.

† לַעֲנָה n.f. wormwood (NH id.; Arabic لَعْنٌ is curse (vb. لَعَنَ id.), so Nab. לענת (vb. לען) cf. CookGloss.);—only fig. of bitter things:—of perverted justice, Am 5:7; 6:12 (‖ רֹאשׁ); of result of idolatry, Dt 29:17 (‖ id.); of י׳’s chastisement Je 9:14 (‖ מֵי־רֹאשׁ), 23:15 (‖ id.), La 3:15 (‖ מְרוֹרִים), v 19 (‖ רֹאשׁ); sim. of bitter (מָרָה) result of intercourse with strange woman Pr 5:4.—On wormwood (Artemisia absinthium,) etc., Gk. ἀψίνθιον) cf. Löw 80 f. 401, 421 TristrNat. Hist. Bib. 493.

† [נְבִיא] n.m. prophet (Hebraism? also 𝔗 Syriac; v. BH);—emph. נְבִיאָה Kt, נְבִיָּא Ezr 5:1; 6:14; pl. emph. נְבִיאַיָּא 5:1, 2.*

† פּוּר n.m. lot (NH = BH; perhaps Assyrian loan-word from puru, buru, stone JenZA x. 339 f. and in Wild Est p. 173 f.);—expl. by הַגּוֹרָל Est 3:7; 9:24; שֵׁם הַפּוּר v 26 explains name of feast פּוּרִים v 26; יְמֵי הַפֻּרִים days of Purim v 28, 31; אִגֶּרֶת הַפּ׳ v 29, דִּבְרֵי הַפּ׳ v 32.—Vid. on Purim especially NowArch. ii. 194 ff. and reff.

† [קוֹנֵן] vb. denom. Pōʿl. chant a קִינָה;—Pf. 3 pl. consec. וְקוֹנְנוּ Ez 27:32 (עַל pers.), sf. (cogn.) וְקוֹנְנוּהָ 32:16; Impf. 3 ms. וַיְקֹנֵן 2 S 1:17 (c. acc. cogn. + עַל pers.), cf. (עַל pers. only), 2 Ch 35:25 and (אֶל pers.) 2 S 3:33; 3 fpl. תְּקוֹנֶנָּה c. acc. cogn., Ez 32:16, + עַל pers. v 16; Pt. as subst. Je 9:16 (professional) wailing women.

ἁγνίζω, future ῐῶ (ἀφ-) LXX: perfect ἥγνικαNT: (ἁγνός): —wash off, cleanse away, especially by water (τὸ πῦρ καθαίρει.. τὸ ὕδωρ ἁγνίζειRefs 5th c.BC+ __2 cleanse, purify, χέρας σὰς ἁγνίσας μιάσματοςLXX+5th c.BC+:—middle, purify oneself,LXX+1st c.AD+:—passive, ἁγνίσθητιLXX+NT __3 especially ἁ. τὸν θανόντα purify the dead by fire, Refs 5th c.BC+:—passive, σώμαθ᾽ ἡγνίσθη πυρίRefs 5th c.BC+ __4 sacrifice, Refs 5th c.BC+ __5 hallow, consecrate, Refs 3rd c.BC+ __6 burn up, consume, Refs 5th c.BC+

εἰδωλο-λάτρης, ου, ὁ, ἡ, idol-worshipper, idolater, [prev. work] 5.10, etc.

εὔχομαι, imperfect εὐχόμην (Attic dialect ηὐ-) Refs 8th c.BC+: future εὔξομαι Refs 5th c.BC+aorist 1 εὐξάμην (Attic dialect ηὐ-) Refs 8th c.BC+: 2nd pers. singular subjunctive εὔξεαι Refs 8th c.BC+- only Attic dialectaccusative to Hdn.Refs 2nd c.AD+: —pray, θεοῖς Refs 8th c.BC+; εὐχὰς ὑπέρ τινος πρὸς τοὺς θεοὺς εὔ. Refs 4th c.BC+; εὔ. ἔπος to utter it in prayer, Refs 5th c.BC+; μεγάλα, μέγα εὔ., pray aloud, Refs 8th c.BC+ __2 with accusative et infinitive, pray that, Refs 8th c.BC+; of an unrealizable wish Refs 4th c.BC+: with infinitive alone, εὔ. θάνατον φυγεῖν Refs 8th c.BC+; τί δοκέεις εὔχεσθαι ἄλλο ἢ.. λαβεῖ; Refs 5th c.BC+; τοῖς θεοῖς with accusative et infinitive, Refs 5th c.BC+; also εὔ. τοὺς θεοὺς δοῦναί μοι pray that the gods may give, Refs 5th c.BC+; later εὔ. ἵναRefs 1st c.BC+ __3 with accusative object, pray for, long or wish for, χρυσόν Refs 5th c.BC+; εὔ. τινί τι pray for something for a person, Refs 5th c.BC+; also, pray for a thing from.., τοῖς θεοῖς πολλὰ ἀγαθὰ ὑπέρ τινος Refs 5th c.BC+; τοῖς θεοῖς πολυκαρπίανRefs 2nd c.AD+ __II vow or promise to do.., with future infinitive, εὔχομαι ἐξελάαν κύνας Refs 8th c.BC+aorist infinitive, εὔχετο πάντ᾽ ἀποδοῦναι claimed (the right) to pay in full, Refs 8th c.BC+present infinitive, ηὔξω θεοῖς.. ἂν ὧδ᾽ ἔρδειν τάδ; Refs 5th c.BC+ __II.2 with accusative of things, vow a thing, πολλῶν πατησμὸν εἱμάτων Refs 5th c.BC+ __II.3 εὔ. κατά τινος of the thing vowed (as though on the altar), εὔ. τοῖς θεοῖς κατὰ ἑκατόμβης Refs 4th c.BC+ __III profess loudly, boast, vaunt, οὕτω φησὶ καὶ εὔχεται, οὕνεκ᾽ Ἀχιλλεὺς νηυσὶν ἔπι γλαφυρῇσι μένει Refs 8th c.BC+: mostly, not of empty boasting, but of something of which one has a right to be proud, ταύτης τοι γενεῆς τε καὶ αἵματος εὔχομαι εἶναι Refs 8th c.BC+infinitive, ἐκ Κρητάων γένος εὔχομαι (i.e. εἶναι) Refs 8th c.BC+; πόρτις εὔχεται βοός (i.e. εἶναι) Refs 5th c.BC+; but also, __III.2 boast vainlv, brag, εὔχεαι αὔτως Refs 8th c.BC+: with infinitive, εὔ. δῃώσειν Refs 5th c.BC+ __III.3 simply, profess or declare, ἱκέτης δέ τοι εὔ. εἶναι Refs 8th c.BC+; τίς χθὼν εὔχεται ἥδε [εἶναι]; Refs 3rd c.BC+ __IV passive, ἐμοὶ μετρίως ηὖκται I have prayed sufficiently, Refs 5th c.BC+: perfect infinitive, ταῦτα μὲν ηὖχθαι Refs 4th c.BC+; ἡ πανήγυρις ἡ.. εὐχθεῖσα vowed, Refs 2nd c.AD+pluperfect (or non-thematic preterite) ηὔγμην in active sense, Refs 5th c.BC+. (Cf. Sanskrit óhate 'to (be able to) boast that one is', 'to brag', Avest. aog- 'declare solemnly'.)

κᾰθαρ-ισμός, ὁ, later form for καθαρμός, LXX+NT+2nd c.AD+.

τάφος [ᾰ], ὁ, (θάπτω) __A funeral-rites, Refs 8th c.BC+; δαινύναι τάφον to give a funeral-feast, Refs 8th c.BC+; τελέσαι τάφον Ἕκτορι δίῳ to perform the funeral-rites, Refs 8th c.BC+; so ὃν πόλις στυγεῖ, σὺ τιμήσεις τάφ; Refs 5th c.BC+; τάφου τυχεῖν obtain the rites of burial, Refs 5th c.BC+: plural of a single funeral, Refs 5th c.BC+; so of cremation, Refs 1st c.AD+ __A.2 the act of performing the funeral-rites, τοῦδε τοῦ τ. φήσεις μετασχεῖν Refs 5th c.BC+ __A.II grave, tomb, Refs 8th c.BC+: plural of a single grave, Refs 5th c.BC+; ὄντες ἐν τάφοις dead and buried, Refs 4th c.BC+; μέγας γ᾽ ὀφθαλμὸς οἱ πατρὸς τάφοι his being dead and buried, Refs 5th c.BC+ __A.II.2 ἔμψυχός τις τ. a 'living skeleton', Refs 2nd c.AD+ __A.II.3 ={βωμός}, Refs 4th c.BC+ __A.II.4 Refs 8th c.BC+

† אוּרִים n.m. Urim (pl.intens., mostly c. art. the Urim, and mostly joined with תֻּמִּים q.v.) תֻּמֶּיךָ וְאוּרֶיךָ לְאִישׁ הֲסִידֶךָ Dt 33:8 thy Thummim and thy Urim has the man of thy favour, i.e. the Levite tested at Massah & Meribah; הָאוּרִים וְהַתֻּמִּים were put into the חֹשֶׁן הַמִּשְׁפָּט of the high priest Ex 28:30 Lv 8:8 (P); this חֹשֶׁן (q.v.) was a little bag or pouch worn on breast of high priest, to hold the Urim & Thummim; the name ח׳ הַמִּשְׁפָּט was given because of decisions made by that which was within it; thus, Eleazar was to inquire of י׳ for Joshua בְּמִשְׁפַּט הָאוּרִים Nu 27:21 (P); Saul prayed הָבָה אוּרִים, opp. הבה תֻּמִּים, 1 S 14:41 𝔊, so We Dr (MT om. former, and reads תָּמִים in latter); י׳ did not answer Saul בָּאוּרִים, or by dreams or prophets 1 S 28:6; postex. Jews reserved difficult questions until there stood up a priest לְאוּרִים וּלְהֻמִּים Ezr 2:63 Ne 7:65 (here alone without art.) These passages give little information; 𝔊 δήλωσις καὶ ἀλήθεια, 𝔙 doctrina et veritas, Sym Φωτισμοὶ καὶ τελειότητες; JosAnt. 3:8, 9 thinks of the twelve gems of face of bag as giving decision by shining; PhiloVit. Mos. iii thinks of two small images (א׳ & ת׳), prob. embroidered in the cloth of the bag, like oracle-images of Egypt (DiodI, 48, 75 AelianVar. Hist. 14, 34); EwGesch. iii, 309; Antiq. 295, of two stones of different colours for sacred lot, on this v. Dr 1 S 14:41 where 𝔊 אוּרִים & תֻּמִּים as obj. of give, δός = הָבָה; cf. הַפִ��ילוּ v 42, וַיִּלָּכֵד v 41 (used of taking by lot 10:20 Jos 7:14, 16); v. also We & RSOTJC Lect x. N 4; BährSymbolik, of one thing within bag, a sacred pledge to high priest of the enlightenment & perfection he would receive from י׳ when called to make sacred decisions; Ka Ex 544 sees the sacred pledge in the twelve sacred gems themselves, that stimulate priest to self-sacrifice & perfect sanctification.

† II. בַּר adj. pure, clean, Jb 11:4 ψ 24:4; בָּר Pr 14:4; pl. cstr. בָּרֵי ψ 73:1; f. בָּרָה ψ 19:9 Ct 6:9, 10;— 1. pure, clear: בר לבב pure in heart ψ 24:4; ברי לבב ψ 73:1; a pure damsel Ct 6:9, 10, man Jb 11:4, commands of God ψ 19:9. 2. clean: אֵבוּס בָּר crib is clean Pr 14:4. 3. perhaps adv. נַשְּׁקוּ־בַר kiss purely, of sincere homage ψ 2:12 but cf. i. בַּר" dir="rtl" >בַּר, p. 135.

† I. [זָקַק] vb. refine, purify (Aramaic זְקַק; perhaps kindr. with Assyrian zaḳiḳu, wind, Asrb.Annals vi.64 and Aramaic ܙܺܝܩܳܐ, זִיקָּא violent wind, violent rain with whirlwind)— Qal Impf. 3 mpl. יָזֹ֫קּוּ Jb 28:1 obj. זָהָב, 36:27 obj. מָטָר (v. Di). perhaps proposes 4, of gold 1 Ch 28:18, of silver 1 Ch 29:4: ψ 12:7 (מ׳ שׁבעתים); of settled wines שְׁמָרִים מְזֻקָּקִים Is 25:6.

† I. חֶ֫בֶר n.[m.] company, association, spell—abs. חָ֑בֶר Dt 18:11 + 2 times; cstr. חֶבֶר Ho 6:9; pl. חֲבָרִים ψ 58:6, sf. חֲבָרַיִךְ Is 47:9, 12;— 1. company, band of (bad) priests Ho 6:9. 2. association, society (abstr.), only in בֵּית חָ֑בֶר Pr 21:9 = 25:24 house of association, i.e. shared with a contentious woman (house in common, v. RVm VB). 3. spell: a. as acc. cogn. c. חָבַר (q.v.) Dt 18:11 ψ 58:6. b. alone, of Babylonian magic Is 47:9, 12 (v. LenChald. Magic [1878]; Magie u. Wahrsagekunst, 1878; ScholzGötzendienst u. Zauberwesen, 1877, 80 ff. SayTBA iii. 145 ff. and Rel. Bab 396 ff., 440 ff.).

† חֹל n.[m.] profaneness, commonness;—לֶחֶם חֹל 1 S 21:5, דֶּרֶךְ חֹל v 6; in concrete sense, opp. קֹדֶשׁ Lv 10:10 (P), Ez 22:26; 42:20; 44:23; 48:15.

† כִּפֻּרִים n.pl.abstr. atonement, only in P: הַטַּאת הַכּ׳ sin-offering of the atonement Ex 30:10; Nu 29:11; יוֹם (ה)כ׳ day of (the) atonement Lv 23:27, 28; 25:9; אֵיל הַכּ׳ Nu 5:8; עַל־הַכּ׳ Ex 29:36; כֶּסֶף הכ׳ Ex 30:16 money of atonement.

† נְהִי n.[m.] wailing, lamentation, mourning song;—נ׳ abs. Am 5:16 + 5 times; וָנֶ֑הִי Je 9:9;—wailing, at י׳’s judgment Mi 2:4 as acc. cogn.; Je 9:9 (c. נָשָׂא עַל־, + בְּכִי, ‖ קִינָה), v 17 (c. id., ‖ דִּמְעָה), v 18 (קוֹל נ׳), 31:15 (‖ בְּכִי, תַּמְרוּרִים); mourning song יוֹדְעֵי נ׳ Am 5:16 of professional mourners, skilled in mourning song; cf. Je 9:19, where taught (‖ קִינָה), also הִי Ez 2:10 (‖ אֵבֶל, מִסְפֵּד) q.v. (Ol Co read נהי, cf. Berthol).

† [נכר] vb.denom. act or treat as foreign, or strange; disguise, misconstrue;— Niph. Impf. יִנָּכֵר Pr 26:24 with his lips a hater disguiseth himself (dissembles, speaks what is foreign to his thought). Pi. Pf. נִכַּר 1 S 23:7, but v. infr.; Impf. וַיְנַכְּרוּ Je 19:4 and they have treated this place as foreign (profane); יְנַכְּרוּ צָרֵימוֹ Dt 32:27 lest their adversaries should misconstrue (it).—נִכַּר אֹתוֹ א׳ בְּיָדִי 1 S 23:7 God hath alienated him into my hand, but improbable; 𝔊 מָכַר (cf. Ju 4:9) hath sold him, so Th Klo HPS (cf. We); סִכַּר (as Is 19:4) Krochm Dr; Kit either of these; > סִגַּר Bu; Löhr either סִגַּר or סִכַּר. Hithp. Impf. וַיִּתְנַכֵּר אֲלֵיהֶם Gn 42:7 he acted as a stranger toward them; Pt. f. מִתְנַכֵּרָ֑ה 1 K 14:5, 6 feign to be a stranger-woman.

† I. פֶּ֫רֶש n.[m.] offal as ripped out in preparing victim;—פ׳ abs. Mal 2:3; cstr. v 3; sf. פִּרְשׁוֹ Ex 29:14; Lv 4:11; 8:17; פִּרְשָׁהּ Nu 19:5; פִּרְשָׁם Lv 16:27 (all P).

† קֹהֶ֫לֶת (†קוֹהֶ֫לֶת Ec 12:8) n.m. Ec 1:2 collector (of sentences), or (AV RV) preacher (concionator Jer.: ἐκκλησιαστής 𝔊 (member of an ἐκκλησία); fem. either of office, Ges§ 122 r De Now Che, cf. סֹפֶרֶת Ezr 2:55; خَلِيفَةٌ, Khalif; Germ. Majestät, Excellenz; or as in Arabic with intensive force, one realizing the idea in its completeness (cf. جَمَّاعَةٌ great collector, بَاقِرَةٌ deep investigator (formed like קֹהֶלֶת), WAG i. § 233 R. c. v. DrIntr. 466; RVm great orator): hence either convener, or great collector (of sentences), cf. בַּעֲלֵי אֲסֻפּוֹת Ec 12:11, בקּשׁ ק׳ למצא דברי חפץ v 10 (but Kö Einl. 428 Drl.c. al. speaker in assembly, Plumptre debater));—ק׳ a king in Jerus., son of David, prob. = Sol., the pseudonym of book of Ec.: Ec 1:1, v 2 (appos. of אֲנִי), called חכם 12:9, cf. v 10; אמר ק׳ 1:2, אמר הק׳ 12:8 + 7:27 for MT אמרה ק׳.

θῡμί-ᾱμα, Ionic dialect θῡμί-ημα, ατος, τό, incense, Refs 5th c.BC+; name of a particular kind (perhaps = ἀμμωνιακόν), Refs: usually in plural, fragrant stuffs for burning, NT+5th c.BC+; -ιάματα ἑρπετῶν fumigations, Refs 3rd c.AD+ __2 stuff for embalming, Refs 5th c.BC+

Μάγος [ᾰ], ου, ὁ, “Magian”, one of a Median tribe, Refs 5th c.BC+: hence, as belonging to this tribe, __2 one of the priests and wise men in Persia who interpreted dreams, NT+5th c.BC+ __3 enchanter, wizard, especially in bad sense, impostor, charlatan, NT+5th c.BC+ __II μάγος, ον, as adjective, magical, μάγῳ τέχνῃ πράττειν τι Refs 1st c.BC+. (Opers. maguš 'Magian'.)

νηστ-εία, ἡ, fast, νηστεῖαι καὶ ὁρταί NT+5th c.BC+; νηστείας ὄζειν Refs 4th c.BC+; at Athens, name for the third day of the Thesmophoria, Refs 3rd c.BC+

† אָשַׁף (K § 58 a) n.m. conjurer, enchanter (prob. Bab. loan-word; so BH אַשָּׁף);—abs. א׳ Dn 2:10; pl. abs. אָֽשְׁפִין v 27; 5:11, emph. אָֽשְׁפַיָּא 4:4; 5:7, 15.

† [גְּזַר] vb. cut, (divide,) determine (so 𝔗 Syriac, in both meanings; BH usually divide, †Jb Est decree);— Pe. Pt. act. as subst., pl. abs. גָּֽזְרִין determiners (of fate; astrologers or soothsayers) Dn 2:27; 5:11; emph. גָּֽזְרַיָּא 4:4; 5:7 (cf.Dr.; Arabic جزّار RS JPhil. xlii (1885), 781). Hithpe. Pf. 3 fs. הִתְגְּזֶ֫רֶת 2:34 a stone was cut out, so אִתְג׳ (K§§ 23. 1; 30, 2) v 45 (c. מִן of source).

† I. חָלַל vb. bore, pierce (Arabic خَلَّ perforate, pierce through, transfix, Ethiopic ኅለት (hollow) reed; Aramaic חֲלַל hollow out, חֲלִילָא pipe; ܚܠܻܝܠܴܐ adj. hollow, ܚܠܳܠܴܐ cave, ܚܶܠܬܳܐ sheath, etc.; NH in deriv. חָלָל n. hollow, adj. slain, חָלִיל pipe);— Qal Pf. לִבִּי חָלַל בְּקִרְבִּי my heart is pierced (wounded) within me ψ 109:22 (? lit. one has pierced my heart; or read Pu. חֻלַּל?); Inf. cstr. חַלּוֹתִי הִיא ψ 77:11 it is my piercing, my wound my woe; Hu. Pe Bi Che read חֲלוֹתִי my sickness). Pi. Pt. pl. (Baer) בְּיַד מְחַללֶי֑ךָ Ez 28:9 in the hand of the ones wounding thee (Sm Co read מְחוֹלְלֶ֑ךָ). Pu. Pt. מְחֻלֲלֵי הֶרֶב pierced by the sword Ez 32:26. Poʿel. Pf. 3 fs. חֹלֲלָה יָדוֹ נָחָשׁ בָּרִחַ Jb 26:13 his hand pierced the fleeing serpent; רַב־מְחוֹלֵל כֹּל Pr 26:10 an archer piercing all (v. חול) Pt. f. מְחוֹלֶלֶת תַּנִּין Is 51:9 who pierced the dragon. Poʿal. Pt. מְחֹלָל מִפְּשָׁעֵינוּ Is 53:5 pierced, wounded because of our transgressions (of the servant of י׳, ‖ מְדֻכָּא מֵעֲוֹנֹתֵינוּ).

† כִּשֵּׁף vb. Pi. denom. practice sorcery (Assyrian kašâpu, id.);—Pf. 3 ms.: וְעוֹנֵן וְנִחֵשׁ וְכִשֵּׁף וְעָשָׂה אוֹב וְיִדְּעוֹנִ֑י 2 Ch 33:6 (of Manasseh); elsewhere only Pt. as subst. ms. sorcerer, in Israel, מְכַשֵּׁף Dt 18:10 (following קֹסֵם קְסָמִים מְעוֹנֵן וּמְנַחֵשׁ); fs. מְכַשֵּׁפָה = sorceress Ex 22:17 (E); mpl. מְכַשְּׁפִים Mal 3:5 (named with adulterers and false-swearers); of diviners, or astrologers in Egypt (חַרְטֻמִּים q.v.) Ex 7:11 (P; ‖ חֲכָמִים); in Babylon Dn 2:2 (+ חַרְטֻמִּים, אַשָּׁפִים, כַּשְׂדִּים).

† [כֶּ֫שֶׁף] n.m. 2 K 9:22 sorcery, only pl. (Assyrian kišpu, id.);—כְּשָׁפִים Mi 5:11 Na 3:4; sf. כְּשָׁפַיִךְ Is 47:9, 12; כְּשָׁפֶיהָ Na 3:4 2 K 9:22;—sorceries: 1. lit. וְהִכְרַתִּי כ׳ מִיָּדֶיךָ Mi 5:11, said of Isr.; רֹב כ׳ Is 47:9, 12 (‖ חֲבָרַיִךְ), said of Babylon. 2. fig. of seductive and corrupting influences: of Jezebel 2 K 9:22 (‖ זְנוּנִים); of Nineveh personif. as harlot Na 3:4 (‖ id.), called בַּעֲלַת כ׳ v 4 (following מֵרֹב זְנוּנֵי זוֹנָה).

† מַכְפֵּלָה n.pr.loc. near Hebron, where the patriarchs and their wives were buried, only in P, always c. art.; שׂדה אשׁר בַּמּ׳ Gn 23:17, מְעָרַת הַמּ׳ the cave of Machpelah v 9, 25:9, מְעָרַת שְׂדֵה הַמּ׳ 23:19; 50:13, מְעָרָה אֲשֶׁר בִּשְׂדֵה הַמּ׳ 49:30.—cf. BuhlGeogr. 160, 161.—(Evidently orig. appell., but meaning dub.; 𝔊 τὸ διπλοῦν; according to Thes = part, lot, portion, as Ethiopic መክፈልት ).

† מַשְׂכִּית n.f. show-piece, figure, imagination;—abs. מ׳ Lv 26:1, sf. מַשְׂכִּיּתוֹ Ez 8:12, מַשְׂכִּתוֹ Pr 18:11; pl. cstr. מַשְׂכִּיּוֹת Pr 25:11 ψ 73:7, sf. מַשְׂכִּיֹּתָם Nu 33:52;— 1. show-piece, specif. carved figure, of idolatrous symbols, Nu 33:52 (P; ‖ צַלְמֵי מַסֵּכֹתָם), אֶכֶן מ׳ Lv 26:1 (‖ מַצֵּבָה etc.), חַדְרֵי מ׳ Ez 8:12 (>del. Co); elsewhere מ׳ כֶּסֶף Pr 25:11 silver carvings. 2. imagination, conceit, Pr 18:11, מ׳ לֵבָב ψ 73:7.

† נְבִיאָה n.f. prophetess;— 1. a. of the ancient type endowed with gift of song, Miriam Ex 15:20; Deborah Ju 4:4. b. of the later type consulted for a word of י׳, Huldah 2 K 22:14 = 2 Ch 34:22. 2. false prophetess, Noadiah Ne 6:14. 3. wife of Isaiah Is 8:3.

† I. קָרַח vb. make bald, or a baldness, usually (by mourners) for the dead, cf. RSSem. i. 306, 2nd ed. 324 (Arabic parallels) (NH id. Hiph. shew baldness; Arabic قَرَحَ wound, make sores, قُرْحَةٌ whiteness in face of horse (but قَرَعَ be bald, أَقْرَعُ bald); Ethiopic ቀርሐ make bald (rare); Aramaic קְרַח, ܩܪܰܚ, chiefly deriv. (and der. meanings); cf. Sin. n.pr.m. קרחה, קרחו; MI3, 21, 24, 25 n.pr.loc. קרחה);— Qal Impf. 3 mpl. יִקְרְחוּ קָרְחָה בְּרֹאשָׁם Lv 21:5 Qr (> Kt יקרחה; ‖ יְגַלֵּ֑חוּ cf. Dt 14:1); Imv. fs. קָרְחִי וָגֹ֫זִּי עַל Mi 1:16 make a baldness … for. Niph. Impf. 3 ms. יִקָּרֵחַ לָהֶם Je 16:6 men shall not make themselves bald for them. Hiph. Pf. 3 pl. consec. וְהִקְרִיחוּ אֵלַיִךְ קָרְחָה Ez 27:31 and they shall make a baldness (cf. Qal) for thee. Hoph. Pt. כָּל־רֹאשׁ מֻקְרָח Ez 29:18 every head made bald (by carrying load).

αἴτι-ος, α, ον, more rarely ος, ον Refs 5th c.BC+:— culpable, responsible, ἐπεὶ οὔ τί μοι αἴτιοί εἰσινRefs 8th c.BC+: comparative αἰτιώτεροςRefs 5th c.BC+ the most guilty, Refs 5th c.BC+ __2 substantive, αἴτιος, ὁ, the accused, the culprit, Refs 4th c.BC+; οἱ αἴ. τοῦ πατρός they who have sinned against my father, Refs:—with genitive of things, οἱ αἴ. τοῦ φόνουRefs 5th c.BC+ __II responsible for, with genitive of things, Refs 5th c.BC+; αἴτιός τινός τινι being the cause of a thing to a person, Refs 5th c.BC+: with infinitive, αἴ. τὸν ἠέρα ξηρὸν εἶναιRefs 5th c.BC+: comparative, τοῦ.. ἐλευθέραν εἶναι.. αἰτιώτερονRefs 4th c.BC+ mainly instrumental in causing the sea-fight, Refs 5th c.BC+ __II.2 αἴτιον, τό, cause, Refs 5th c.BC+; τί ποτ᾽ οὖν ἐστι τὸ αἴτιον τό.. μηδένα εἰπεῖ; Refs 5th c.BC+

βαπτ-ισμός, ὁ, dipping in water, immersion, NT+2nd c.AD+ __2 metaphorically, εἰς κακίας β. οἰχήσεται Refs __3 lethargic sleep, Archig.and Refs 2nd c.BC+ __4 baptism, Refs 1st c.AD+

βέβηλ-ος, ον, Doric dialect βέβᾱλος Refs 4th c.AD+: (βαίνω, βηλός):— allowable to be trodden, probably of ground (opposed to ἱερός, Refs 4th c.BC+; ἢ πρὸς βεβήλοις ἢ πρὸς ἄλσεσιν θεῶν either on profane ground or.., Refs 5th c.BC+: hence generally, permitted, καὶ βέβηλα καὶ κεκρυμμένα λόγια public, current, Refs 5th c.BC+; βέβηλα permitted meats, Refs 2nd c.AD+ __II of persons, unhallowed, ={ἀμύητος}, Refs 5th c.BC+; impure, Refs 5th c.BC+: with genitive, uninitiated, τελετῆς Refs 1st c.AD+. adverb -λωςRefs 1st c.AD+

ἰδῐώτ-ης, ου, ὁ, (ἴδιος) private person, individual, opposed to the State, ξυμφέροντα καὶ πόλεσι καὶ ἰδιώταις Refs 5th c.BC+; opposed to γένος, Refs 4th c.BC+ __II one in a private station, opposed to to one holding public office, or taking part in public affairs, Refs 5th c.BC+; opposed to βασιλεύς, Refs 5th c.BC+; opposed to ἄρχων, Refs 5th c.BC+; opposed to δικαστής, Refs 5th c.BC+; opposed to πολιτευόμενος, Refs 4th c.BC+; opposed to ῥήτωρ, Refs 4th c.BC+; private soldier, opposed to στρατηγός, Refs 5th c.BC+; layman, opposed to priest, NT+2nd c.BC+: as adjective, ἰ. ἄνδρες Refs 5th c.BC+; ἰ. θεοί homely (with play on ἴδιος), Refs 5th c.BC+ __II.2 common man, plebeian, οἱ ἰ. καὶ πένητες Refs 1st c.AD+; ἰ. καὶ εὐτελής, opposed to βασιλεύς, Refs 2nd c.AD+ __II.3 as adjective, ἰ. βίος private station, Refs 5th c.BC+; ἰ. λόγος everyday speech, Refs 1st c.BC+ __III one who has no professional knowledge, layman, καὶ ἰατρὸς καὶ ἰ. Refs 5th c.BC+; of prose-writers, ἐν μέτρῳ ὡς ποιητής, ἢ ἄνευ μέτρου ὡς ἰ. Refs; opposed to to a professed orator, Refs 5th c.BC+; to a trained soldier, Refs 5th c.BC+; ἰδιώτας, ὡς εἰπεῖν, χειροτέχναις (-νας codices) ἀνταγωνισαμένους Refs 5th c.BC+; opposed to ἀσκητής, Refs 5th c.BC+; opposed to ἀθλητής, Refs 4th c.BC+; opposed to a professed philosopher, Refs 1st c.BC+ K.; opposed to δημιουργός, Refs 5th c.BC+ adjective, ὁ ἰ. ὄχλος, opposed to artificers, Refs 1st c.AD+ __III.2 with genitive of things, unpractised, unskilled in a thing, ἰατρικῆς Refs 5th c.BC+; ἰ. κατὰ τοὺς πόνους, κατὰ τὸν ὕπνον, Refs 5th c.BC+ __III.3 generally, raw hand, ignoramus, ἄν τε δεινοὶ λάχωσιν ἄν τε ἰδιῶται.. Refs 4th c.BC+; παιδάρια καὶ ἰ., of slaves, Refs 2nd c.AD+; ἀμαθὴς καὶ ἰ., opposed to τεχνίτης, Refs; vocative ἰδιῶτα, as a term of abuse, Refs 4th c.BC+ __III.4 'average man', opposed to a person of distinction, Refs 1st c.AD+ __IV ἰδιῶται, οἱ, one's own countrymen, opposed to ξένοι, Refs 5th c.BC+

μῐαίνω, future μιᾰνῶ Refs 5th c.BC+; 3rd.pers. singular μιᾰνεῖ LXX: aorist ἐμίηνα LXX+8th c.BC+; participle μιάνας Refs 6th c.BC+: perfect μεμίαγκα Refs 1st c.AD+:—middle, aorist ἐμιήνατο Refs 4th c.AD+:—passive, future μιανθήσομαι Refs 5th c.BC+aorist ἐμιάνθην, Epic dialect μιάνθην (see. below): perfect μεμίασμαιLXX+2nd c.AD+; 3rd.pers. singular μεμίανται Refs 3rd c.AD+ (but 3rd.pers. plural, Refs 3rd c.BC+; infinitive μεμιάνθαι Refs 1st c.BC+aorist 2 passive ἐμίᾱν in 3rd.pers. singular subjunctive μιᾷ Refsfuture passive μιᾱσέω in 3rd.pers. singular indicative μιᾱσεῖRefs 164:—stain, dye, ὡς δ᾽ ὅτε τίς τ᾽ ἐλέφαντα γυνὴ φοίνικι μιήνῃ Refs 8th c.BC+ __2 stain, sully, μιάνθησαν ἔθειραι αἵματι καὶ κονίῃσι Refs 8th c.BC+ __3 frequently of moral pollution, taint, defile, Refs 5th c.BC+ [same place], etc.; κλέος Sol.[same place], Refs 5th c.BC+; τὰ ἱερά, τὸ θεῖον, Refs 5th c.BC+; dishonour a woman, LXX:— passive, incur defilement, Refs 5th c.BC+; of ritual defilement in funeral rites, Refs

πένθος, εος, τό, grief, sorrow, Refs 8th c.BC+; τινος for one, Refs 8th c.BC+; Τρῶας λάβε π. Refs 8th c.BC+ __2 especially of grief for the dead, mourning, τοκεῦσι γόον καὶ π. ἔθηκας Refs 8th c.BC+; π. ποιήσασθαι make a public mourning, Refs 5th c.BC+; ἐν πένθει [εἶναι] Refs 5th c.BC+; π. λύεσθαι, ἀποθέσθαι, Refs 5th c.BC+ __II unhappy event, misfortune, π. τινός one's illfortune, Refs 5th c.BC+ __III of a person, a misery, Refs 5th c.BC+; π. ἔδωκε φέρειν, i. e. the body, Refsfuture of πάσχω, perfect πείσονθα, Lithuanian kenčiù 'suffer', pa-kantà 'patience'; πενθ- is reduced to πṇθ- (παθ-) in αἰνο-παθής, etc.)

πρωτο-κλῐσία, ἡ, first seat at table, NT; compare πρωτοκαθεδρία. πρωτο-καθεδρία, ἡ,   the first seat in a public place, NT

χρίω, Epic dialect imperfect χρῖον Refs 8th c.BC+: future χρίσω Refs 5th c.BC+: aorist ἔχρῑσα Refs 8th c.BC+, Epic dialect χρῖσα Refs 8th c.BC+: perfect κέχρῑκα LXX:—middle, future χρίσομαι Refs 8th c.BC+aorist participle χρῑσάμενοςRefs 8th c.BC+:—passive, future χρισθήσομαι LXX: aorist ἐχρίσθην Refs 5th c.BC+: perfect κέχρῑμαι LXX+5th c.BC+pluperfect ἐκέχριστο falsa lectio in Refs 5th c.BC+; 3rd.pers. plural ἐκέχριντο Refs 3rd c.BC+. [Even in present and imperfect ι is long, Refs 8th c.BC+; χρῐει only in late Poets, as Refs 3rd c.BC+future and all other tenses ῑ without exception, whence the proper accent. is χρῖσαι, κεχρῖσθαι, χρῖσμα, etc.:—touch the surface of a body slightly, especially of the human body, graze, hence, __I rub, anoint with scented unguents or oil, as was done after bathing, frequently in Refs 8th c.BC+; of a dead body, χρῖεν ἐλαίῳ Refs 8th c.BC+; anoint a suppliant, Refs; πέπλον χ. rub or infect with poison, Refs 5th c.BC+:—middle, anoint oneself, Refs 8th c.BC+ with accusative _of things_, ἰοὺς χρίεσθαι anoint (i. e. poison) one's arrows, Refs 8th c.BC+:—passive, χρίεσθαι ὑπὸ τοῦ ἡλίου Refs 5th c.BC+; βακκάριδι κεχριμένος Magnes [same place]; συκαμίνῳ τὰς γνάθους κεχριμέναι Refs 5th c.BC+ __I.2 in LXX, anoint in token of consecration, χ. τινὰ εἰς βασιλέα LXX+NT __II wash with colour, coat, αἰγέαι κεχριμέναι ἐρευθεδάνῳ Refs 5th c.BC+; πίσσῃRefs 2nd c.BC+; ἀσφάλτῳ Refs 5th c.BC+; στοάν Refs 2nd c.AD+ —middle, τὸ σῶμα μίλτῳ χρίονται smear their bodies, Refs 5th c.BC+ __III wound on the surface, puncture, prick, sting, of the gadfly in Refs 4th c.BC+ —passive, ὀξυστόμῳ μύωπι χρισθεῖσ᾽Refs

† I. [חֶלְאָה] n.f. rust (perhaps as filth v. supr.)—חֶלְאָתָהּ Ez 24:6, 12 + v 11, 12 (del. Co intern. grounds) + v 6 חֶלְאָתָהֿ (cf. Ges§ 91, 1; R. 2) rust on metal pot, symbol of impurity of Jerusalem.

‡ † חַרְטֹם n.m. magician (BH id., √ I. חרט);—abs. Dn 2:10; pl. abs. חַרְטֻמִּין 2:27; 5:11; emph. -מַּיָּא 4:4, 6.

יְלָלָה n.f. howling;—וִילָלָה Zp 1:10; cstr. יִֽלֲלַת. Je 25:36; Zc 11:3; יִלְלָתָהּ Is 15:8(×2);—howling in distress Is 15:8(×2) (‖ זְעָקָה), Je 25:36 (of leaders of flock, metaph. for princes; ‖ קול צעקה), Zp 1:10 (‖ id.); קול יִֽלֲלַת הָרֹעִים Zc 11:3 (רעים metaph. for princes).

† לַ֫חַשׁ n.[m.] a whispering, charming;—ל׳ Is 26:16; לָ֑חַשׁ Ec 10:11 Is 3:3 Je 8:17; pl. לְחָשִׁים Is 3:20.— 1. serpent-charming Je 8:17 Ec 10:11; לָ֑חַשׁ נְבוֹן Is 3:3 (prob. general). 2. charms, amulets, worn by women, Is 3:20. 3. whisper of prayer, צָקוּן לַחַשׁ Is 26:16 they pour forth a whisper of prayer (but Koppe Bö Gr Di Du read צְקוֹן לַחַשׁ ‘Zauberzwang,’ compulsion of (by) magic).