ἔνοχος G1777
guilty, liable, deserving of (legal/moral culpability); subject to, held in bondage
Senses
1. guilty, liable, deserving of (legal/moral culpability) — Adjective denoting legal or moral guilt, liability, or deserving of punishment; used in judicial contexts where one is found culpable or worthy of a penalty. Translations converge on guilt/liability: eng 'liable/deserving/guilty', spa 'culpable/reo' (guilty/defendant), hin 'doshi/yogya' (guilty/worthy), arb 'mudhnibun/mustawjibun' (guilty/deserving), kor 'yujoe-ida' (is guilty), swa 'anastahili/mwenye hatia' (deserving/having guilt). Covers being guilty of a sin (Mark 3:29, guilty of eternal sin), deserving a penalty (Matt 26:66, deserving death), and being held liable for an offense (Matt 5:21-22, liable to judgment). 9×
AR["مُذنِبًا","مُذنِبٌ","مُذْنِبٌ","مُسْتَوْجِبًا","مُسْتَوْجِبٌ"]·ben["দোষী","যোগ্য"]·DE["schuldig"]·EN["Deserving","deserving","guilty","liable"]·FR["coupable"]·heb["אָשֵׁם","חַיָּב"]·HI["अनन्त","दोषी","योग्य"]·ID["Layak","bersalah","bersalah.","layak"]·IT["colpevole","enochos"]·jav["Patut","kaluputan","lepat","lepat."]·KO["범한-자가.","유죄","유죄가","유죄라고","유죄이다","죄가-있다"]·PT["Réu","culpado","réu"]·RU["Повинен","виновен","виновным.","повинен","повинным","подлежать-будет"]·ES["Reo","culpable","reo"]·SW["Anastahili","ana-hatia","anastahili","mwenye-hatia"]·TR["Suçlu","olacak","suçlu"]·urd["قصوروار","قصوروار۔","مستحق","مستوجب"]
2. subject to, held in bondage — Adjective indicating subjection, enslavement, or being bound under a power or condition; distinct from legal guilt, this sense conveys being held captive or subordinated. Used in Hebrews 2:15 of those who through fear of death were 'subject to lifelong bondage.' Multilingual evidence shows a clear shift from guilt to subjection: eng 'subject', spa 'sujetos' (subjected), hin 'bundhwa' (bonded/enslaved), arb 'muqayyadiin' (chained/bound), kor 'jong-i doeeo' (became slaves), swa 'walikuwa chini' (they were under/beneath). The semantic field shifts from courtroom liability to existential bondage and captivity. 1×
AR["مُقَيَّدِينَ"]·ben["বন্দী"]·DE["schuldig"]·EN["subject"]·FR["coupable"]·heb["מְשֻׁעְבָּדִים"]·HI["बंधुआ"]·ID["takluk"]·IT["enochoi"]·jav["kabekuk"]·KO["종이-되어"]·PT["sujeitos"]·RU["повинные"]·ES["sujetos"]·SW["walikuwa-chini"]·TR["tutuklu"]·urd["قید"]
BDB / Lexicon Reference
ἔνοχος, ον, ={ἐνεχόμενος}, held in, bound by, τοιαύταις δόξαις Refs 4th c.BC+; [ἔθεσι γεροντικοῖς] Refs 4th c.BC+ __2 with genitive, connected with, κοιλίης Refs 5th c.BC+ __II as law-term, liable to, subject to, νόμοις, δίκαις, NT+5th c.BC+; τοῖς ἐπιτιμίοις τοῦ φόνου Refs 5th c.BC+; ἔ. ἀνοίαις liable to the imputation of it, Refs 5th c.BC+ __II.2 ἔνοχος ψευδομαρτυρίοις liable to action for..,…