Festivals

ἀγάπ-η, ἡ, love, LXX+2nd c.BC+ O; of the love of husband and wife, Refs 2nd c.AD+ __2 especially love of God for man and of man for God, LXX+1st c.AD+:—also brotherly love, charity, NT __II in plural, love-feast, NT __III alms, charity, Refs 4th c.AD+ __IV ἀγάπη θεῶν, title of Isis, Refs 2nd c.AD+

† פֶּ֫סַח n.m. passover (usually (Thes and most) from I. פסח, with reference to Ex 12:13 etc.; ReussGesch. A.T. § 58 passing over into new year; Schaefer Passah-Mazzoth (1900), 346 cp. Assyrian pašâḫu, soothe, placate [deity], be sooted, Pi. trans., JenZA iv (1889), 275 ZimBab. Rel. i (1896), Gloss.; ii (1899), 92; SchwallyIdiot. 124 from II. פסח, of sacred dance);—abs. פ׳ Ex 12:11 +; פָּ֑סַח v 21 +; pl. פְּסָחִים 2 Ch 30:17 + 3 times;— 1. sacrifice of passover, involving communion-meal, hence a species of peace-offering (cf. i. זֶבַח II. 2), זֶבַח פ׳ הוא לי׳ Ex 12:27 (J), cf. v 11 (P); זָבַח פ׳ Dt 16:2, 5, 6; אכל הפ׳ 2 Ch 30:18; the special feature lay in the application of blood to homes to consecrate them; cf. sim. Bab. rite of purification Zim ib. ii. 126–7. 2. the animal victim of the passover: שׁחט פ׳ Ex 12:21 (J) 2 Ch 30:15; 35:1, 6, 11; Ezr 6:20, cf. 2 Ch 30:17; בשׁל הפ׳ באשׁ 2 Ch 35:13; לפסחים 2 Ch 35:7, 8, 9. [Passover animals (cf. BrHex. 206) were צֹאן flock Ex 12:21 (J), שֶׂה v 3, 4, 5, incl. כֶּבֶשׁ and עֵז v 5 (P); צאן ובקר Dt 16:2; large numbers of all these (שֶׂה not used) in Josiah’s passover, according to 2 Ch 35:7, 8, 9, but evident mingling of whole burnt-offerings for the passover with special passover victim.] 3. festival of the passover: חג הפ׳ Ex 34:25 (J); (ה)פ׳ Lv 23:5; Nu 28:16; 33:3; Jos 5:11 (P) Ez 45:21; חֻקַּת הפ׳ Ex 12:43; Nu 9:12, 14 (P); עשׂה פ׳ Ex 12:48; Nu 9:2, 4, 5, 6, 10, 13, 14; Jos 5:10 (P) Dt 16:1; 2 K 23:21, 22, 23; 2 Ch 30:1, 2, 5; 35:1, 16, 17, 18(×2), 19; Ezr 6:19; it was held in month הָאָבִיב Dt 16:1, בָּעָ֑רֶב v 6; on 14th day Jos 5:10 (P), of 1st month Ez 45:21; בֵּין הערבים (Ex 12:6); Lv 23:5; Nu 9:5 (P); if impossible at that time, then on 14th of 2nd month Nu 9:10, 12. [No ref. to פֶּסַח in E; J subordinates it to מַצּוֹת (the great feast of JE); in D it predom. over מצות; P makes it first in importance (BrHex. 195 f.).]

מִשְׁתֶּה45 n.m. Gn 21:8 1. feast; 2. drink;—abs. מ׳ Gn 19:3 +; cstr. מִשְׁתֵּה 1 S 25:36 +; sf. מִשְׁתָּיו Dn 1:5 + (Ges§ 93 ss), etc.;— 1. feast, banquet (occasion for drinking, drinking-bout), 1 S 25:36(×2); Is 5:12; Je 51:39 (fig.), Jb 1:5; Est 2:18; 5:14; 8:17; 9:19; lasting seven days Ju 14:12, 17 (wedding-feast, cf. Gn 29:22, and v. BenzArch. 143; Ency. Bib. 2949 NowArch. i. 163); עָשָׂה מ׳ give or make a feast (sometimes + ל pers.) Gn 19:3; 26:30 (both J), 21:8; 40:20 (both E), Ju 14:10; 2 S 3:20 1 K 3:15; Est 1:3 + 8 times Est, Jb 1:4 + 2 S 13:27(×2) 𝔊 Th We Dr and mod.; מִשְׁתֵּה הַיַּיִן Est 5:6; 7:2, 7, בֵּית מִשְׁתֶּה Je 16:8; Ec 7:2, בֵּית מִשְׁתֵּה הַיַּיִן Est 7:8; יוֹם מ׳ וְשִׂמְחָה Est 9:17, 18, cf. v 22; of י׳’s banquet for all peoples Is 25:6 (fig. of Messianic blessings); fig. also in טוֹב־לֵב מ׳ תָּמִיד Pr 15:15. †2. drink (late): מַאֲכָל וּמ׳ וָשֶׁמֶן Ezr 3:7; sf. יֵין מִשְׁתָּיו Dn 1:5, 8; מִשְׁתֵּיהֶם v 16; מִשְׁתֵּיכֶם v 10.

† סֻכָּה n.f. thicket, booth (proposes of interwoven boughs cf. Ne 8:15);—abs. ס׳ Is 1:8 +; cstr. סֻכַּת Am 9:11; sf. סֻכָּתוֹ Jb 36:29 ψ 18:12, and so read ‖ 2 S 22:12 (for MT סֻכּוֹת; De Hup-Now HPS); usually pl. סֻכֹּת Gn 33:17 +; סֻכּוֹת 2 S 11:11; +;— 1. thicket, lurking-place of lions Jb 38:40 (cf. [סֹךְ] 1). 2. booth, rude or temporary shelter, for cattle Gn 33:17 (J; distinct from בַּיִת), but also for warriors in the field 2 S 11:11 1 K 20:12, 16; for watchers in vineyards Is 1:8 (sim.) Jb 27:18 (sim. of frailty), for man’s shelter from sun Jon 4:5, cf. (fig.) Is 4:6 ψ 31:21, prob. also 27:5 (v. [סֹךְ]); poet. of fallen house (dynasty) of David Am 9:11; of clouds as (temporary) enclosure (AV ‘pavilion’) of י׳ in storm ψ 18:12 = 2 S 22:12 Jb 36:29. 3. specif. of booths, made of boughs, in which people lived at harvest-feast Lv 23:42(×2), 43 (H), Ne 8:14, 15, 16, 17(×2), hence called חַג הַסֻּכּוֹת Dt 16:13, 16; 31:10; Lv 23:34 (P), Zc 14:16, 18, 19; 2 Ch 8:13; Ezr 3:4.

πάσχα, τό, indeclinable, the Hebrew “Passover” (from pāsa[hudot] 'pass over') or Paschal feast, LXX __2 paschal supper, NT __3 paschal lamb, θύειν τὸ π. LXX+NT

† שָׁבוּעַ n.m. Dn 9:27 period of seven (days, years), heptad, week (on format. v. LagBN 67);—abs. שׁ׳ Dn 9:27(×2); cstr. שְׁבֻעַ Gn 29:27, 28; du. שְׁבֻעַיִם Lv 12:5; pl. שָֽׁבֻע(וֹ)ת Ex 34:22 + 4 times Dt + (in term. techn.) 2 Ch 8:13; late שָֽׁבֻעִים Dn 9:24 + 4 times Dn; cstr. שְׁבֻעֹת Je 5:24 (Ez 45:21 read שִׁבְעַת with Vrss and all mod., v. שֶׁבַע); sf. שָׁבֻעֹתֵיכֶם Nu 28:26;— 1. period of seven days (from a given time), week: Dt 16:9(×2); Lv 12:5 (P); of marriage feast Gn 29:27, 28 (E; cf. Ju 14:12 Tob 11:19); שָׁבֻעִים יָמִים Dn 10:2, 3 three weeks, days (three weeks long); שׁ׳ חֻקּוֹת קָצִיר Je 5:24 weeks of statutes (i.e. weeks appointed by י׳) for harvest; term. techn. חַג שָֽׁבֻעֹת Ex 34:22 (J) feast of weeks (ending seven weeks of harvest), Dt 16:10, 16, 2 Ch 8:13, so שׁ׳ alone Nu 28:26 (P). 2. heptad or seven of years, late, Dn 9:24, 25, 26, 27(×2).—שְׁבֻעֵי שְׁבֻעוֹת Ez 21:28 v. [שָׁבַע" dir="rtl" >שָׁבַע].

δεῖπνον, τό, meal: in Refs 8th c.BC+ sometimes noonday meal, Refs 8th c.BC+; sometimes ={ἄριστον}, morning meal, Refs 8th c.BC+; sometimes ={δόρπον}, evening meal, Refs.; later,the midday meal, σῖτον εἰδέναι διώρισα, ἄριστα, δεῖπνα, δόρπα θ᾽ αἱρεῖσθαι τρίτα Refs 4th c.BC+; later, the afternoon meal, dinner or supper, σοὶ δὲ μελήσει, ὅτανᾖ δεκάπουν τὸ στοιχεῖον, λιπαρῷ χωρεῖν ἐπὶ δ. Refs 5th c.BC+; ἀπὸ δείπνου straight-way after the meal, ἀπὸ δ. αὐτοῦ θωρήσσοντο Refs 8th c.BC+; καλεῖν ἐπὶ δεῖπνον, κεκλῆσθαι ἐπὶ δ., Refs 5th c.BC+; of animals, etc., Refs 8th c.BC+ __2 generally, food, provender, ἵπποισιν δεῖπνον δότε Refs 8th c.BC+; κοράκεσσιν epigram cited in Refs 2nd c.AD+

† [חָגַג] vb. make pilgrimage, keep a pilgrim-feast (Arabic حَجَّ betake oneself to or towards an object of reverence; make a pilgrimage to Mecca; Sab. חגג make pilgrimage Sab. Denkm86, cf. 85; Syriac ܚܰܓܺܝ celebrate a feast. In Palm. חגגו is n.pr. VogNo. 61; cf. also Ph. n.pr. חגי, חגת);— Qal Pf. 2 mpl. חַגֹּתֶם Ex 12:14 + 2 times; Impf. 2 ms. תָּחֹג Ex 23:14 Dt 16:15; 3 mpl. יָח֫וֹגּוּ ψ 107:27 (Bö§ 1118 (2)); וְיָחֹ֫גּוּ Ex 5:1; 2 mpl. תָּחֹ֫גּוּ Lv 23:39, 41; sf. תְּהָגֻּ֫הוּ Ex 12:14; Imv. f. חָגִּי Na 2:1; Inf. cstr. חֹג Zc 14:18 + 2 times; Pt. חוֹגֵג ψ 42:5; pl. חֹגֲגִים 1 S 30:16;— 1. keep a pilgrim-feast, abs. Ex 5:1 (JE) of one proposed by Moses; שׁלשׁ רגלים תחג לי three times shalt thou make pilgrimage unto me (in the year) Ex 23:14 (covt. code); of pilgrim-feasts in general Na 2:1, the Passover Ex 12:14 (P); elsewhere feast of Booths; all celebrated in part by sacred processions and dances; המון חוגג ψ 42:5 multitude keeping festival (led by the Psalmist in procession); חגג חג Lv 23:39 (H), Nu 29:12 (P), Na 2:1 Zc 14:16, 18, 19; חגג אתו חג Ex 12:14 (P), Lv 23:41 (H); אתוֹ Lv 23:41 (H); sf. Ex 12:14 (P). 2. behave as at a חָג 1 S 30:16 (of the Amalekites when surprised by David i.e. enjoying themselves merrily, Dr; others, circling in the sacred dance). 3. reel, in giddiness on the sea ψ 107:27 (cf. חָגָּא Is 19:17); this either points to an earlier meaning of √; or better, the ψ being late, means reel as from festival excesses (‖ וְיָנוּעוּ כַשִּׁכּוֹר).

πρωτο-κλῐσία, ἡ, first seat at table, NT; compare πρωτοκαθεδρία. πρωτο-καθεδρία, ἡ,   the first seat in a public place, NT

† פָּסֵחַ n.pr.m. (limper);— 1. in Judah 1 Ch 4:12, Βεσσηε, Φεσση, etc. 2. head of post-ex. family Ezr 2:49 = Ne 7:51, Φισον, etc., 𝔊L Φασσα. 3. father of wall-builder Ne 3:6, Φασεκ, Φεσσε.

ἄριστον, τό, morning meal, breakfast, twice in Refs 8th c.BC+: later, breakfast was called ἀκράτισμα, and ἄριστον was the midday meal, our luncheon,Refs 5th c.BC+; ἄ. αἱρεῖσθαι, ποιεῖσθαι, Refs 5th c.BC+. [; contraction from ᾰ (y) ερι-στον, cf. Gothic air, OHG. ēr 'early', Avest. ayar[schwa] 'day'; also ᾱ (y) ερ- in ἦρι, ἠέριο; -στο- from -d-to-, root ed- 'eat'.]

ἀρχι-τρίκλῑνος, ὁ, president of a banquet (triclinium), NT __2 head-waiter, Refs 3rd c.AD+

κῶμος, ὁ, revel, carousal, merry-making, εἰς δαῖτα θάλειαν καὶ χορὸν ἱμερόεντα καὶ ἐς φιλοκυδέα κ. Refs 6th c.BC+; ἐν κώμῳ εἶναι, of a city, Refs 5th c.BC+; especially in honour of gods, τοῖς ἐν ἄστει Διονυσίοις ἡ πομπὴ.. καὶ ὁ κ. Legal cited in Refs 4th c.BC+; κώμῳ θυραμάχοις τε πυγμαχίαισι Pratin.Lyric poetry 1.8; χοροῖς ἢ κώμοις Ὑακίνθου Refs 5th c.BC+ __2 concrete, band of revellers, κ. εὐίου θεοῦ Refs; especially of the procession which celebrated a victor in games, Refs 5th c.BC+: generally, rout, band, κ. Ἐρινύων Refs 4th c.BC+; of an army, κ. ἀναυλότατος Refs 5th c.BC+; band of hunters, Refs; of maidens, Refs; of doves, Refs __II the ode sung at one of these festive processions, Refs 5th c.BC+

Included with: πεντηκοστ-ός, ή, όν, fiftieth, Refs 5th c.BC+ __II substantive πεντηκοστή, ἡ, __II.1 (i.e. μερίς), fiftieth part: hence, tax of two per century. on exports and imports, at Athens, Refs 5th c.BC+; at Halicarnassus, Refs 3rd c.BC+; τῶν πρηθέντων τελείτω π. Refs 4th c.BC+; = Latin quinquagesima, Refs 2nd c.AD+ invented a new sort of composition of two per century. in lieu of his cavalry service, i. e. paid this instead of it, Refs 4th c.BC+ __II.2 (i.e. ἡμέρα), fiftieth day (after the Passover), LXX; ἡ ἡμέρα τῆς Π. NT

Included with: γενέσι-ος, ον, ={γενέθλιος},{θεός} Refs 1st c.AD+; epithet of Posidon, Refs 2nd c.AD+ __II Γενέσιον, τό, shrine of Posidon Γ., Paus. [prev. cited] __III γενέσια, τά, day kept in memory of the birthday of the dead, Refs 5th c.BC+; to be distinguished from γενέθλια birthday-feast, though used for it in NT+5th c.BC+; so ἡ γ. ἡμέρα, ={ἡ γενέθλιος}, Refs; ἡ γ. alone, Refs; τῇ τοῦ Σεβαστοῦ ἐμμήνῳ γ. Refs 2nd c.AD+

δοχ-ή, ἡ, ={δοχεῖον}, receptacle, Refs 5th c.BC+ __II reception, entertainment, NT+3rd c.BC+; ={ἄριστον}, Refs 5th c.AD+ __III σημεῖον ἐν θυτικῇ, Refs

συμπόσι-ον, τό, drinking-party, symposium, Refs 7th c.BC+; σ. κατασκευάσαι, φίλοις παρασχεῖν, συνάγειν, Refs 5th c.BC+ __II the party itself, the guests, LXX+1st c.AD+; ἀνακλιθῆναι.. συμπόσια συμπόσια in groups, NT __III the room in which such parties were given, τοῦ σ. στέγη Refs 3rd c.BC+; σαίρειν τὸ σ. Refs 2nd c.AD+

ἐγκαίν-ια, τά, (καινός) feast of renovation or consecration, LXX+2nd c.AD+; especially that established by Judas Maccabaeus at the reconsecration of the Temple, NT

ἑορτάζω, in Ionic dialectProse ὁρτάζω· imperfect ἑώρταζον (with irregular augment) Refs 5th c.BC+: future -άσωRefs 2nd c.AD+: aorist ἑώρτασα Refs 2nd c.AD+; infinitive ἑορτάσαι Refs 5th c.BC+; compare διεορτάζω: (ἑορτή):—keep festival or holiday, Refs 5th c.BC+; ἑορτὰς ἑ. celebrate festivals, Refs 5th c.BC+; ἑ. τῷ θεῷ Refs 2nd c.AD+ __II celebrate as a festival, νίκην ἑ. celebrate it by a festival, Refs 1st c.AD+; at Rome, celebrate by a triumph, Refs 2nd c.AD+

κλῐσία, Ionic dialect -ιη, ἡ, κλίνω) place for lying down or reclining: hence, __I hut, shed, booth, 1. for use in peace, cot, cabin, once in Refs 8th c.BC+ __I.2 for use in war, hut, κ. εὔπηκτος, εὔτυκτος, Refs 8th c.BC+: frequently in plural, camp, Refs; πῦρ ἐν κλισίῃσι βαλόντες Refs 8th c.BC+: used by Trag. in Lyric poetry and anapaest meter, Refs 5th c.BC+, of wine-shops, Refs; εὐσεβέων κλισίη, of the grave, Refs 2nd c.BC+; chapel, ἡ κ. ἡ ἱερά Refs; compare κλεισία. __II anything for lying or sitting upon, couch or easy chair, Refs 8th c.BC+ __II.2 couch for reclining on at table, Refs 5th c.BC+; place on such couch, κ. ἄτιμος Refs 1st c.AD+ __II.3 nuptial bed, Refs 5th c.BC+ __III company of people sitting at meals, NT; banquet, εὐωχίαι τε καὶ κ. Refs 1st c.AD+; room for company, Refs 2nd c.AD+ __IV way of lying, decubitus, Refs 5th c.BC+

Included with: παν-δοκεύς, έως, ὁ, one who receives all comers, innkeeper, Refs 5th c.BC+:—later πανδοχεύς, NT; of the δεκάς, all-containing, Refs 4th c.BC+ name for unity, Refs

πᾰνήγῠρ-ις, Doric dialect πανᾱγ-, εως, ἡ, (πᾶς, ἄγυρις) general or national assembly, ἐν πανηγύρει βουλευσόμεσθα Refs 4th c.BC+; especially a festal assembly in honour of a national god, Δήμητρος ἁγνῆς καὶ Κόρης Refs 7th c.BC+; πανηγύριας πανηγυρίζειν, ποιήσασθαι, to hold such festivals, keep holy-days, Refs 5th c.BC+; θεωρίαι ἐς τὰς ἐν τῇ Ἑλλάδι π. Decrees cited in Refs 5th c.BC+; in Egypt, Refs 3rd c.BC+; ἐν ταῖς π. καὶ δείξεσι τῶν σοφιστῶν Refs 4th c.BC+ __2 any assembly, θεῶν ἅδε πανάγυρις Refs 4th c.BC+; νεοσσῶν, φίλων, Refs 5th c.BC+ __3 metaphorically, π. ὀφθαλμῶν feast for the eyes, Refs 2nd c.AD+; τὸν.. Ἔχετον χρυσὸν ἀποδείξων καὶ π. destined to exhibit Refs 5th c.BC+ as gold and a feast (by comparison with himself), Refs 4th c.AD+ __3.b in bad sense, παίγνιον ὁ βίος καὶ πλάνη καὶ π. Refs __II people assembled, τῇ π. δέος ἐγένετο μὴ.. Refs 5th c.BC+: generally, crowd, audience, ὅταν ᾖ π. Refs 4th c.BC+

σκηνο-πηγία, ἡ, setting up of tents: nest-building, ἡ τῆς χελιδόνος σ. Refs 4th c.BC+ __2 feast of tents or tabernacles, LXX+NT+1st c.AD+; σύλλογος τῆς σ. Refs

† כֵּרָה n.f. a feast, 2 K 6:23 (v. foregoing).

† לְתֵם (K§ 54, 3. γ) n.m. feast (𝔗 Syriac bread, so BH, q.v. √ II. לחם);—abs. עֲבַד ל׳ Dn 5:1 made a feast.

† [מִשְׁתֵּי so 𝔗] n.m. feast (as BH מִשְׁתֶּה);—emph. בֵּית מִשְׁתְּיָא Dn 5:10.