Features of Objects

† I. [כָּסָה] vb. cover (NH כָּסָה Pi; Aramaic כְּסָא chiefly Pa; ܟܣܳܐ Pa. hide, cover; ܟܣܳܝܳܐ covering, ܬܰܟܣܺܝܬܳܐ garment; Arabic كَسَا (كسو) clothe, كِسَآءٌ garment; Assyrian kusû, cover; kusîtu, garment DlHWB 342)— Qal , only Pt. act. כֹּסֶה;— 1. conceal shame Pr 12:16; knowledge Pr 12:23. 2. pass. (cstr.) כְּסוּי חֲטָאָה ψ 32:1 covered in respect of sin (by God, which he thus puts out of sight) (‖ נְשׂוּי־פֶּשַׁע). Niph. Pf. 3 fs. נִכְסָ֑תָה, covered, with waves Je 51:42; Inf. cstr. הִכָּסוֹת Ez 24:8, (blood) not to be covered. Pi. Pf. 3 ms. כִּסָּה Nu 9:15 + 12 times; sf. כִּסָּהוּ Lv 17:13 Nu 17:7; כִּסָּמוֹ Ex 15:10; 3 fs. כִּסְּתָה Gn 38:15 + 5 times; 1 s. כִּסִּיתִי ψ 32:5 + 3 times; כִּסֵּתִי Ez 31:15 (del. Co); כִּסֵּיתִי Ez 32:7 + 13 times Pf.; Impf. 3 ms. יְכַסֶּה Is 6:2 + 8 times; וַיְכַס Ex 10:15 + 4 times; sf. יְכַסֶּ֑דָּ Hab 2:17; יְכַסֶּנָּה Ez 30:18; 3 mpl. sf. יְכַסְיֻמוּ Ex 15:5 + 41 times Impf.; Imv. sf. כַּסּוּנוּ Ho 10:8; Inf. cstr. כַּסּוֹת Mal 2:13 + 11 times; כַּסֹּת Nu 4:15; sf. כַּסֹּתוֹ Ex 26:13; Pt. מְכַסֶּה Pr 10:18 + 12 times; pl. מְכַסִּים Is 11:9; fpl. מְכַסּוֹת Ez 1:11, 23(×2);— 1. cover, clothe Ju 4:19 Ez 16:10 (2 acc.), v 18; Jon 3:6 is appar. reflex., c. acc. of garment (strange; read perhaps וַיִּכָּס); nakedness Gn 9:23 (J), Ex 28:42 (P), Ez 16:8 Ho 2:11; the naked Is 58:7 Ez 18:7, 16 (+ acc. rei); the face and legs of seraphim Is 6:2(×2); bodies of cherubim Ez 1:11, 23(×2); the face Gn 38:15 (J), Ez 12:6, 12, fig. Jb 23:17; earth with the great deep ψ 104:6; heavens with glory Hab 3:3; with בְּ of the clothing Gn 38:14 (J), Dt 22:12, these two appar. reflex., cf. Jon 3:6 supr.; Ju 4:18 1 K 1:1; heaven with clouds ψ 147:8, with glory Ez 32:7. 2. cover, conceal blood Gn 37:26 (J), Jb 16:18; human ordure Dt 23:14; mts. conceal men from God Ho 10:8; cover transgressions Jb 31:33 Pr 17:9; 28:13; iniquity ψ 32:5; righteousness ψ 40:11; hatred Pr 10:18; a thing Pr 11:13; judge’s face so as not to see justice Jb 9:24; heads of rulers and seers Is 29:10; with בְּ of covering Lv 17:13 (H), 1 S 19:13; face by fat Jb 15:27; sun by a cloud Ez 32:7; with מִן from whom Gn 18:17 (J), Jb 33:17. 3. cover (with covering of protection), a pit Ex 21:33 (Covt. code); with cloud of incense, the Kapporeth Lv 16:13 (P); coverings of the sacred tent, tabernacle, and their furniture Ex 26:13 Nu 4:9, 15 (P); with בְּ of the covering Nu 4:5, 8, 11, 12 (P); Zion בְּצֵל יָדִי Is 51:16. 4. cover, spread over, fat, the inwards Ex 29:13, 22 Lv 3:3, 9, 14; 4:8 (with עַל), 7:3 (P); leprosy, the skin and flesh Lv 13:12, 13 (P); the cloud of the theophany, the mount Ex 24:15, 16 (P), the tent of meeting Ex 40:34 Nu 17:7 (P), and the tabernacle Nu 9:15, 16 (P); altar with tears Mal 2:13 (2 acc.); Jerusalem with multitude of camels Is 60:6; of handiwork 1 K 7:18, 41, 42 = 2 Ch 4:12, 13. 5. cover, overwhelm, sq. accus., the sea the Egyptians Ex 14:28 (P), 15:5, 10 (song), Jos 24:7 (E), ψ 78:53; 106:11; waters Jb 22:11; 38:34 ψ 104:9 Je 46:8 Ez 26:19; locusts the eye of the land Ex 10:5, 15 (J), also Israel Nu 22:5, 11 (J); frogs the land Ex 8:2 (P); quails the camp Ex 16:13 (P); cloud the land Ez 30:18; 38:9, 16; darkness the earth Is 60:2; dust a city Ez 26:10; the depths of the sea by God Jb 36:30; with a reference to a person’s shame ψ 44:16; 69:8 Je 51:51 Ob 10 Mi 7:10; horror ψ 55:6 Ez 7:18; violence Pr 10:6, 11 Hb 2:17; confusion Je 3:25; mischief ψ 140:10; God covers sin ψ 85:3 (‖ נשׂא עון), cf. 32:1 (Qal). 6. sq. על of person or thing covered, cover over: cherubim over the ark 2 Ch 5:8; over the dead, the earth Nu 16:33 (JE), ψ 106:17 Is 26:21, worms Jb 21:26; dust over blood Ez 24:7; waters over the sea Hb 2:14, cf. לַיָּם Is 11:9; (v. Dr§ 135. 7 Obs.); love covereth over all sins Pr 10:12; God covereth over iniquity Ne 3:37; people not to cover over a guilty person Dt 13:9; + acc. of obj. covering (DaSynt. § 75), fig. covering over the garment with violence Mal 2:16; God’s hands with light Jb 36:32; + בְּ of covering ψ 44:20. Note. —כִסִּתִי (אֵלֶיךָ) ψ 143:9 is error for חָסִיתִי according to 𝔊 κατέφυγον SS, but חסה not cstr. wi. אֶל־; חִכִּיתִי Bae; הֶאֱבַלְתִּי כִּסֵּתִי עָלָיו אֶת־תְּהוֹם Ez 31:15 according to Co I caused the deep to mourn for them (del. כסתי). Pual. Pf. 3 mpl. כָּסּוּ ψ 80:11 Pr 24:31; Impf. יְכֻסֶּה Ec 6:4; pl. וַיְכֻסּוּ Gn 7:19, 20; Pt. pl. מְכֻסִּים 1 Ch 21:16; fpl. מְכֻסּוֹת Ez 41:16. 1. sq. accus. be covered, hills with shadow ψ 80:11; mountains with water Gn 7:19, 20 (P); field with nettles Pr 24:31; abs., windows of temple Ez 41:16. 2. sq. בְּ, be clothed, with sackcloth 1 Ch 21:16; name with darkness Ec 6:4. Hithp. Impf. וַיִּתְכַּס Is 37:1 = 2 K 19:1; 3 fs. תִּכַּסֶּה Pr 26:26; וַתִּתְכָּ֑ס Gn 24:65; pl. יִתְכַּסּוּ Is 59:6 Jon 3:8; Pt. מִתְכַּסֶּת 1 K 11:29; pl. מִתְכַּסִּים Is 37:2 = 2 K 19:2;—cover, clothe oneself, abs. (of veil) Gn 24:65 (J); with בְּ, of new garment 1 K 11:29; sackcloth 2 K 19:1, 2 = Is 37:1, 2; fig. of works Is 59:6, of hatred with guile Pr 26:26; with acc. Jon 3:8 (שַׂקִּים).

† I. פָּתַח vb. open (NH id.; Ph. פתח; Assyrian pitû, patû; Sab. פתח OsZMG xix (1865), 197; Arabic فَتَحَ; Ethiopic ፈትሐ;; Aramaic פְּתַח, ܦܬܰܚ; Nab. Palm. פתח);— Qal Pf. 3 ms. פ׳ 2 K 15:16 +, etc.; Impf. 3 ms. יִפְתַּח Ex 21:33 +; 3 mpl. sf. יִפְתָּחוּם Ne 13:19, etc.; Imv. ms. פְּתַח 2 K 13:17 +; fs. פִּתְחִי Ct 5:2; mpl. פִּתְחוּ Jos 10:22 +; Inf. abs. פָּתֹחַ Dt 15:8 +; cstr. לִפְתֹּחַ Ez 21:27 +; Pt. act. פֹּתֵחַ Ju 3:25 +; pass. פָּתוּחַ Je 5:16 +, etc.;—open sack, שַׂק, Gn 42:27 (E), אַמְתַּחַת 43:21; 44:11 (J), skin-bottle (נאוד) Ju 4:19, hamper (תֵּבָה) Ex 2:6 (E), pit (בּוֹר) 21:33 (E; i.e. uncover it), mouth (פִּי) of cave Jos 10:22 (JE), grave Ez 37:12, 13 (to bring forth dead), cf. (in fig.) Je 5:16 ψ 5:10; כְּלִי פָתוּחַ Nu 19:15 (P) open vessel; door (דֶּלֶת; sometimes opp. סָגַר) Ju 3:25 + v 25 (obj. om.), 19:27; 1 S 3:15; 2 K 9:3; 10; 2 Ch 29:3; Jb 31:32; (c. ל pers.); fig. of Leb. Zc 11:1; דַּלְתֵי שָׁמָיִם ψ 78:33 (of י׳, sending rain); ד׳ = city-gates Ne 13:19; Is 45:1; (‖ שְׁעָרִים; י׳ subj., c. לִפְנֵי); ד׳ om. Ct 5:2, 5, 6; gate (שַׁעַר), of land Na 3:13; (Inf. abs. + Impf. Niph. q.v.), cf. Ez 25:9; שַׁעַר of temple (-court) Ez 46:12 (c. ל pers.), ψ 118:19 (id.), city Is 26:2; obj. om. Dt 20:11; 2 K 15:16; window, חַלּוֹן 2 K 13:17(×2); אֲרֻבּוֹת הַשָּׁמַיִם (by י׳ sending rain) Gn 8:6 (J); Mal 3:10; city Je 13:19, עִיר פְּתוּחָה Jos 8:17 (JE); abs. פ׳ וְלֹא סגר Is 22:22(×2);—14:17 is dubious, Gr PerlesAnal. 28. 42 Kit (in Di) read לַאֲסִירָיו לֹא־פ׳ בֵּית־הַכֶּלֶא; > Bu Che Marti אֲסִירָיו לֹא פִּתַּח אִישׁ לִבֵיתוֹ; storehouse, armoury Gn 41:56; Je 50:25 (of י׳), Je 50:26 (for destruction), fig. of sky, for rain Dt 28:12; (c. ל pers.; of י׳), cf. open בָּ֑ר, expose for sale, Am 8:5; open womb, i.e. grant offspring Gn 29:31; 30:22 (J); open mouth (פֶּה) to cry, speak Ez 21:27; Jb 3:1; Dn 10:16, hence = speak Is 53:7(×2); Jb 33:2; ψ 39:10; 78:2 (בְּמָשָׁל), 109:2 (c. עַל pers.), Pr 24:7; 31:8 (c. ל pers.), v 9, 26 (בְּחָכְמָה); ψ 49:5 either utter, declare, propound riddle, or open up, expound; have power of speech ψ 38:14; of י׳ giving power of (prophetic) speech Ez 3:27; 33:22, giving speech to ass Nu 22:28 (J); open mouth, to eat Ez 3:2, of earth, to swallow up, Nu 16:32; 26:10, cf. (פֶּה om.) ψ 106:17; open lips, to speak Jb 11:5 (c. עִם pers.), 32:20 (Gi v 21); of י׳ opening man’s lips ψ 51:17, man’s ear Is 50:5 (Assyrian uznâ puttû); of eyes only pt. pass., c. אֶל 1 K 8:29 = 2 Ch 6:20; 1 K 8:52; Ne 1:6; c. לְ 2 Ch 6:40 (by zeugma), 7:15 (all of י׳’s favour); open hand, in giving Dt 15:8, 11 (c. ל pers., + inf. abs.), of י׳ ψ 104:28; 145:16; book Ne 8:5(×2), letter 6:5; open river (channel) Is 41:18 (of י׳), rock, letting out water, ψ 105:41 (id.); open sword, = draw it Ez 21:33 ψ 37:14; of root שָׁרְשִׁי פָתוּחַ אֱלֵי־מָ֑יִם Jb 29:19, i.e. with no obstacle intervening.—תִּפְתַּח אֶרֶץ Is 45:8 is dub.; verb not elsewhere intrans.; Du CheHpt Marti proposes רַחְמָהּ as obj.; Gr Kit (in Di) read תִּפָּתַח. Niph. Pf. 3 ms. נִפְתַּח Is 5:27, etc.; Impf. 3 ms. יִפָּתָח Ez 24:27, יִפָּתֵ֑חַ 44:2 +, etc.; Inf. cstr. הִפָּתֵחַ Is 51:14; Pt. נִפְתָּח Zc 13:1;—be opened, of girdle Is 5:27 (i.e. loosened), cf. of captive 51:14, and, of calamity, Je 1:14 be let loose (c. עַל pers.); gates Na 2:7; 3:13 (of land, thrown open to (ל) enemy), Ez 44:2; 46:1(×2) Ne 7:3; impers. of man shut in by God Jb 12:14; of windows of heaven Gn 7:11 (P), cf. Is 24:13 (of future destruction); the heavens themselves Ez 1:1 (for visions); fountain Zc 13:1; wine(-skin, c. neg.) Jb 32:19; mouth, in speech Ez 24:27; 33:22; ears Is 35:5. Pi. Pf. 3 ms. פִּתַּח Jb 30:11 +, פִּתֵּ֑חַ 12:18 +, etc.; Impf. 3 ms. יְפַתַּח Is 28:24, 1 s. אֲפַתֵּחַ Is 45:1, etc.; Inf. abs. פַּתֵּחַ Is 58:6; cstr., id. ψ 102:21; Pt. מְפַתֵּ֑חַ 1 K 20:11;—loose: 1. free, i.e. ungird, camels Gn 24:32 (J): loins of kings Is 45:1 (i.e. disarm them); set free, c. sf. pers. ψ 105:20, Je 40:4 (c. מִן); c. acc. בְּנֵי תְמוּתָה ψ 102:21. 2. loosen (and remove) sack-cloth Is 20:2 (c. מֵעַל), ψ 30:12; armour 1 K 20:11 (obj. om.; opp. חָגַר); bonds Jb 12:18 ψ 116:16, cf. Is 58:6 Jb 39:5; cord 30:11; 38:31; loosen ground Is 28:24 (in tillage); cf. VogelstLandwirthschaft 33, Assyrian puttû). 3. open gates Is 60:11; doors Jb 41:6 (fig. of crocodile’s jaws); ear Is 48:8 (read prob. either פִּתַּחְתִּי, פָּתַחְתִּי [𝔊 Du Marti], or נִפְתְּחָה [Gr Che Kit in Di]; buds Ct 7:13 (of blossom; obj. om.; or intrans., as sometimes Arabic فَتَّحَ, v. Dozy). Hithp. Imv. mpl. התפתחו Is 52:2 Kt הִתְפַּתְּחִי (so 𝔊; of personif. Jerus.) loosen thee (Ges§ 54 f) the fetters of thy neck.

I. סָגַר vb. shut, close (NH id., Aramaic סְגַר, ܣܓܰܪ id.; Zinj. מסגרת prison Lzb328; Ph. סגר Pi. or Hiph. deliver over; poss. Ethiopic ሠገራት (prison) guard PräBAS i. 371);— Qal Pf. 3 ms. ס׳ Gn 19:6 +, 3 pl. סָֽגְרוּ 2 Ch 29:7, סָֽגְר֑וּ ψ 17:10 (cf. Baer’s n., Ges§ 29 o Köii. 1, 535 Anm.), סָנָר֑וּ Gn 19:10 Jos 2:7; Impf. יִסְגֹּר Jb 12:14 Mal 1:10, 1 pl. cohort. נִסְגְּרָה Ne 6:10, etc.; Imv. ms. סְגֹר ψ 35:3 Is 26:20 (וּסֲגֹר Baer Ginsb), mpl. סִגְרוּ 2 K 6:32; Inf. cstr. לִסְגּוֹר Jos 2:5; Pt. act. סֹגֵר Is 22:22; f. סֹגֶּרֶת Jos 6:1 (but v. infr.); pass. סָגוּר 1 K 6:20 + 12 times;— 1. shut door (דֶּלֶת) Gn 19:10 (J) 2 K 6:32 Mal 1:10 Ne 6:10 2 Ch 28:24; 29:7; gate (שַׁעַר) Jos 2:7 (JE) Ez 46:12, cf. 44:1, 2(×2); 46:1, וַיְהִי הַשּׁ׳ לִסְגֹּר Jos 2:5 (JE), also (שַׁעַר om.) Jos 6:1 (si vera l.; סֹגֶרֶת dittogr. according to Buhl Lex 13); door after one (אַחֲרֵי), on leaving room Gn 19:6 (J); upon, behind, oneself, from within (בְּעַד q.v.) 2 K 4:4, 5, 33 Is 26:20 (fig.), also (דֶּלֶת om.) Ju 9:51 2 K 4:21; c. דֶּלֶת + בְּעַד upon one left inside Ju 3:23, and (דֶּלֶת om.) Gn 7:16 (J); fig. ס׳ דַּלְתֵי בִטְנִי Jb 3:10, cf. ס׳ רַחְמָהּ 1 S 1:5, ס׳ בְּעַד רַחְמָהּ v 6 abs. shut (opp. פָּתַח) Is 22:22(×2); metaph. חֶלְבָּמוֹ ס׳ ψ 17:10 their fat (i.e. gross, unreceptive heart) they have closed. 2. a. close in upon (בְּעַד) Ju 3:22 (fat upon blade of sword), so poss. also וַיִּסְגֹּר בָּשָׂר תַּחְתֶּנָּה Gn 2:21 (J) and flesh closed in, in place of it (usually and he closed flesh, i.e. closed the gap with flesh); ס׳ עֲלֵיהֶם הַמִּדְבָּר Ex 14:3 the wilderness hath closed in upon them; obj. om., יִסְגֹּר עַל־אִישׁ Jb 12:14 he closeth in upon a man, fig. of imprisonment. b. close up breach (פֶּרֶץ) [in wall] of city 1 K 11:27; poss. close up [path] (si vera l.) ψ 35:3 Vrss Ol De Bae; JDMich DeW Ew Hup-Now Che take סְגֹר here as weapon, usually 4 [Gk. σάγαρις] of Massagetae Herod. i. 215 cf. LagGes Abh. 203, also Egyptian sagartá (loan-word) Bondi 55; both improb., text prob. corrupt; SchwallyZAW xi (1891), 258 reads חֲגֹר > HalRev. Sém. iii (1894), 47 עוּרָה (cf. ψ 59:5). 3. Pt. pass., closed up = closely joined with tight seal, Jb 41:7 (of scales of crocodile). 4. elsewhere only Pt. pass. in זָהָב סָגוּר, only of temple adornment and utensils 1 K 6:20, 21; 7:49, 50; 10:21 = 2 Ch 9:20; 4:20, 22; perhaps read סָגוּר (abbrev. for ז׳ ס׳) Jb 28:15 (for MT סְגוֹר, so Hoffm Bu Du); cf. Assyrian ḫurâṣu sakru, sagiru, DlHWB 499. Niph. Pf. 3 ms. נִסְגַּר 1 S 23:7; Impf; 3 ms. יִסָּגֵר Ez 46:2; 3 fs. juss. תִּסָּגֵר Nu 12:14, וַתִּסָּגֵר v 15; 3 mpl. יִסָּנֵר֑וּ Is 45:1; 60:11, וַיִּסָּֽגְרוּ Ne 13:19; Imv. ms. הִסָּגֵר Ez 3:24;— 1. subj. pers. be shut up [in city] 1 S 23:7, מִחוּץ לַמַּחֲנֶה Nu 12:14, 15 (E); בְּתוֹךְ בַּיִת Ez 3:24. 2. be shut, closed, of city gates Ez 46:2 Is 45:1; 60:11 and (דלתות) Ne 13:19. Pi. Pf. 3 ms. סִגַּר 1 S 26:8 2 S 18:28; sf. סִגְּרַנִי 1 S 24:19; Impf. 3 ms. sf. יְסַגֶּרְךָ 1 S 17:46;—deliver up to (leave no other opening for one, shut one up to), cf. [מָגַן" dir="rtl" >מָגַן], מָגֵן²" dir="rtl" >מִגֵּן, p. 171 b supr.), only S: c. acc. pers. + בְּיַד 1 S 17:46; 24:19; 26:8; בְּיַד om. 2 S 18:28 (v. also Hiph.). Pu. Pf. 3 ms. סֻגַּר Is 24:10; 3 pl. סֻגְּרוּ Je 13:19, וְסֻגְּרוּ consec. Is 24:22; Pt. f. מְסֻגֶּ֫רֶת Jos 6:1;—be shut up: 1. of cities Je 13:19 (opp. פָּתַח), of beleaguered city Jos 6:1 (JE), of houses Is 24:10 (+ מִבּוֹא). 2. of prisoners עַל־מַסְגֵּר Is 24:22 = down into a dungeon. 3. of doors Ec. 12:4. Hiph. Pf. 3 ms. הִסְגִּיר Lv 14:46 +; 2 ms. sf. הִסְגַּרְתַּ֫נִי ψ 31:9; 1 s. וְהִסְגַּרְתִּ֫י Am 6:8, etc.; Impf. 3 ms. יַסְגִּיר Jb 11:10, וַיַּסְגֵּר ψ 78:48, 62; 2 ms. תַּסְגִּר Dt 23:16, juss. תַּסְגֵּר Ob 14, etc.; Inf. cstr. הַסְגִּיר Am 1:6, sf. הַסְגִּירוֹ 1 S 23:20, הַסְגִּירָם Am 1:9;— 1. deliver up to (cf. Pi., c. acc. obj. + בְּיַד 1 S 23:11, 12, 20; 30:15 Jos 20:5 (D) ψ 31:9 La 2:7; + לְ Am 1:9 ψ 78:50, 62, and (acc. pers. om.) Am 1:6; + אֶל־ Dt 23:16 Jb 16:11; c. acc. of animal + לְ ψ 78:48; c. acc. pers. alone Dt 32:30 Ob 14, acc. om. 1 S 23:12; c. acc. urb. alone Am 6:8. 2. shut up (late; chiefly Lv 13, 14, P): a. c. acc. pers. Lv 13:5, 11, 21, 26 cf. v 4, 31, 33, so (abs.) = imprison Jb 11:10; c. acc. rei Lv 13:54 cf. v 50. b. c. acc. הַבַּיִת Lv 14:38 and (indef. subj. v 46.

† דֶּ֫לֶת n.f. (? m. Ne 13:19) door (NH id.; Assyrian daltu(m) StrmAV 1843 SchrCOT Gloss.; Ph. pl. דלהת CISi, 7, 3;—according to BaZMG 1887, 607 from √ ידל, Assyrian edilu, to bolt, bar)—דֶּלֶת (always abs., and c. art. except Ct 8:9 + Ez 41:24 but here Co art.) Gn 19:10 + 18 times; דָּ֑לֶת Gn 19:9 Ju 19:22; sf. דַּלְתּוֹ 2 K 12:10; Du דְּלָתַיִם (cf. Ges§ 93 n) Dt 3:5 + 9 times, דְּלָתָ֑יִם Jb 38:10; cstr. דַּלְתֵי Jos 2:19 + 6 times + Ez 26:2 Co; sf. דְּלָתַי Jb 31:32, דְּלָתֶיךָ Zc 11:1 + Is 26:20 Kt (cf. דָּלָה n.f.), דְּלָתֶיהָ Jos 6:26 1 K 16:34; pl. דְּלָתוֹת Je 36:23 + 10 times; cstr. דַּלְתוֹת Ju 3:23 + 19 times + Ez 26:2 (Co דלתי); sf. דַּלְתֹתַי Pr 8:34, דַּלְתוֹתָיו 2 Ch 3:7; 4:22; דַּלְתֹתָיו Ne 3:1, 3, 6, 13, 14, 15; דַּלְתוֹתֵיהֶם 2 Ch 4:9; 1. door of house (disting. from door-way, cf. 1 K 6:31 פֶּתַח Gn 19:6) Gn 19:9, 10 Ex 21:6 (all JE) Dt 15:17 Jos 2:19 (JE) Ju 11:31; 19:22, 27 1 S 21:14 (דלתות השׁער) 2 K 4:4, 5; 6:32(×2) Is 57:8 Jb 31:32; so fig. of wisdom’s house Pr 8:34 לִשְׁקֹד עַל־דַּלְתֹתַי; partic. doors of house of י׳ 1 S 3:15 (הֵיכַל י׳ v 3); temple 1 K 6:34(×3); 7:50 2 K 18:16 1 Ch 22:3 2 Ch 3:7; 4:22; 28:24; 29:3 Ne 6:10 Mal 1:10; so of Ezek.’s temple, Ez 41:23, 24(×5), 25. 2. door of room Ju 3:23, 24, 25 2 S 13:17, 18 2 K 4:33; 9:3, 10, especially doors of דביר or ק׳ קדשׁים 1 K 6:31, 32; 7:50 2 Ch 4:22 cf. also Ez 41:23; also of court עֲזָרָה 2 Ch 4:9(×2), and of porch אוּלָם 2 Ch 29:7. 3. gates of city Dt 3:5 Jos 6:26 (cf. 1 K 16:34) Ju 16:3 1 S 23:7 2 Ch 8:5; 14:6 Ne 3:1, 6, 13, 14, 15; 6:1; 7:1 (ד׳ then generally distinct from שׁער, wh. denotes the whole structure of gate, incl. posts, open space, etc., while ד׳ is swinging door), 7:3; 13:19 (where also sense narrower than ‖ שׁער) Is 45:1 (‖ שׁערים) cf. v 2 and ψ 107:16; Je 49:31 Ez 38:11. 4. in other senses (mostly fig.): door (prob. lid) of chest 2 K 12:10; aperture of womb Jb 3:10 (ד׳ בטני); jaws of crocodile Jb 41:6 (ד׳ פניו); lips of man Ec 12:4; doors enclosing and shutting off sea Jb 38:8, 10; doors of heaven through wh. comes rain ψ 78:23 (cf. אֲרֻבֹּת השׁ׳ Gn 7:11); of column of Ms.. (from shape) Je 36:23; fig. of easily accessible woman, Ct 8:9; in simile Pr 26:14; of Jerus. as gate of people Ez 26:2; of Lebanon Zc 11:1.

Included with: ἀνοίγ-νῡμι Refs 5th c.BC+; ἀνοίγω Refs 5th c.BC+, and Attic dialect as Refs 4th c.BC+: imperfect ἀνἔῳγονRefs 8th c.BC+; Ionic dialect and Epic dialect ἀναοίγεσκονRefs 8th c.BC+: future ἀνοίξωRefs 5th c.BC+: aorist ἀνέῳξαRefs 5th c.BC+participle ἀνεῴξας Refs; also ἤνοιξαRefs 5th c.BC+ and in late Prose; Ionic dialect ἄνοιξαRefs 5th c.BC+; poetry ἀνῷξαRefs 3rd c.BC+ M.: perfect ἀνέῳχαRefs 4th c.BC+: pluperfect ἀνεῴγειRefs 5th c.BC+:—passive, ἀνοίγνῠμαι Refs 5th c.BC+: late future ἀνοιχθήσομαιLXX+5th c.BC+: perfect ἀνέῳγμαιRefs 5th c.BC+; later ἤνοιγμαι (δι-) best reading in Refs 5th c.BC+; pluperfect ἀνέῳκτοRefs 5th c.BC+(perfect Refs is used in passive sense in Refs 5th c.BC+, and later Prose, as NT+1st c.AD+ (though he condemns it Refs; but in Attic dialect, only Refs 4th c.BC+: aorist ἀνεῴχθηνRefs 5th c.BC+, subjunctive ἀνοιχθῆRefs 5th c.BC+, participle ἀνοιχθείςLXX+5th c.BC+; and aorist 2 ἠνοίγηνNT+2nd c.AD+; also aorist 1 infinitive ἀνωίξαιRefs 4th c.AD+:—open, of doors, etc., ἀναοίγεσκον μεγάλην κληῗδα they tried to put back the bolt so as to open [the door], Refs 8th c.BC+; χηλοῦ δ᾽ ἀπὸ πῶμ᾽ ἀνέῳγε took off the cover and opened it, Refs 8th c.BC+; so ἀ. σορόν, θήκας, Refs 5th c.BC+; ἀ. σήμαντρα, σημεῖα, διαθήκην, open seals, etc., Refs 5th c.BC+; ἀ. βίβλινον (i.e. οἶνον) tap it, Refs 3rd c.BC+; γῆρυν ἀνοίξας, for στόμα, Refs 3rd c.AD+; ἀ. φιλήματα kiss with open mouths, Refs 3rd c.AD+ __b throw open for use, γυμνάσιονRefs; κἀνῷξε σχολὰς opened school, Refs 1st c.BC+; εἰ ἀνοίξω ἐργαστήριο; shall I open a shop? Refs 2nd c.AD+ __2 metaphorically, lay open, unfold, disclose, ὄνομαRefs 5th c.BC+ __3 as nautical term, absolutely, get into the open sea, get clear of land, Refs 5th c.BC+ is to open or first show the way over the sea. __II passive, to be open, stand open, lie open, ὄπισθε τῆς ἀνοιγομένης θύρηςRefs 5th c.BC+cut open, Refs 4th c.BC+; κόλποι δι᾽ ἀλλήλων ἀνοιγόμενοι opening one into another, Refs 5th c.BC+

† II. [צָפָה47] vb. lay out, lay over (NH Pi. = BH);— Qal Inf. abs. הַצָּפִית צָפֹה Is 21:5 they lay out the rug! or the like, so most moderns, v. צָפִית²" dir="rtl" >צָפִית. Pi. overlay, plate: Pf. 3 ms. צִפָּה 1 K 6:15 +; 2 ms. וְצִפִּיתָ֫ Ex 25:11 +; Impf. 3 ms. וַיְצַף 1 K 6:20 +, sf. וַיְצַפֵּהוּ v 20 +; 2 ms. תְּצַפֶּה Ex 26:29; 3 mpl. וַיְצַפּוּ 2 Ch 3:10, etc.;—overlay, especially plate sthg. with metal (gold, bronze), usually 2 acc.: 1 K 6:20(×2) + 6 times 1 K 6, + 10:18, ‖ 2 Ch 3:4, 10; 4:9; 9:17; Ex 25:11, 13 + 24 times Ex 25–38 (all P); overlay, stud with precious stones, 2 acc. 2 Ch 3:6; also plate, acc. mater. om., 1 K 6:15; 2 K 18:16; Ex 25:11; 38:28; acc. dir. obj. om. 1 K 6:32, 35; c. acc. + ב mater. v 15 overlaid the floor of the house with timbers. †Pu. Pt. מְצֻפֶּה Pr 26:23 impure silver (Toy) laid over (עַל) a sherd; pl. מְצֻפִּים זָהָב Ex 26:32, pillars overlaid with gold.

שָׁנִי42 n.[m.] scarlet (proposes coccus ilicis, which attaches itself to leaves and twigs of quercus coccifera; the dried body of female yields coloring matter; cf. TristrNHB 319 PostHastDB scarlet M’LeanEncy. Bib. id.);—usually שׁ׳: תִּקְוַת חוּט הַשּׁ׳ הַזֶּה Jos 2:18 this cord of thread of scarlet, ת׳ הַשּׁ׳ v 21, חוּט הַשּׁ׳ Ct 4:3 (sim. of lips); so (הַ)שּׁ׳ alone Gn 38:28, 30 (J), and as material of clothing 2 S 1:24; Je 4:30; Pr 31:21 (pl. שָׁנִים; on order of ll. v. Toy); pl. also in sim. Is 1:18 if your sins are like scarlet (robes); elsewhere (P) תּוֹלַעַת (הַ)שּׁ׳ (v. ת׳) of material for curtain, veil, ephod, etc., Ex 25:4; 26:1 + 24 times Ex; בֶּגֶד ת׳ שׁ׳ Nu 4:8 (v. ii. ב׳ 2); cstr. שְׁנִי (הַ)תּ׳ used in purif., †Lv 14:4, 6, 49, 51, 52; Nu 19:6.

מְעָרָה40 n.f. cave;—abs. מ׳ Gn 19:30 +; cstr. מְעָרַת 23:19 +; pl. מְעָרוֹת Ju 6:2 +, cstr. id. Is 2:19;—cave, especially as place of sojourn or refuge Gn 19:30 (J), 1 S 24:3(×2), 7, 8, 10 (Ginsb v 4, 8, 9, 11 van d. H. Baer), 1 K 19:1; 13, Ez 33:27; Jos 10:16 (מ׳ בַמַּקֵּדָה) + 7 times Jos 10; Ju 6:2; 1 S 13:6; 1 K 18:4, 13; cf. ψ 57:1; 142:1; מְעָרוֹת צֻרִים Is 2:19, hence מ׳ פָּרִצִים Je 7:11 robbers’ cave; Is 32:14 den (of wild beasts);—מ׳ עֲדֻלָּם 1 S 22:1; 2 S 23:13, whence in ‖ 1 Ch 11:15, read prob. מְצֻדַת ע׳ or מְצָדַת We, cf. Dr, Bu Kit HPS;—as burial place, מ׳ הַמַּכְפֵּלָה Gn 23:9 + (v. מַכְפֵּלָה) = מ׳ alone 23:11, 17, 20; 49:29, 32 (all P). מ׳ אֲשֶׁר לַצִּידֹנִים Jos 13:4 (D), cave-region in Lebanon E. of Sidon, mod. Mughâr Ǧezzîn, according to most, but dub.; perhaps, rather, near Tyre BuhlMDPV 1895, 55.

† מִשְׁנֶה n. [m.] double, copy, second;—abs. מ׳ Gn 41:43 +; cstr. מִשְׁנֵ�� Je 16:18 + 3 times, so read also Dt 15:18 (van d. H., > -נֶה Gi), Je 17:18 (Gie Buhl al.); sf. מִשְׁנֵהוּ 1 S 8:2 +; pl. מִשְׁנִים 1 Ch 15:18 (1 S 15:9; Ezr 1:10. v. infr.);— 1. (the) double: כֶּסֶף מ׳ Gn 43:12 (J) money of double amount, cf. כֶּ֫סֶף" dir="rtl" >מ׳ כֶּסֶף v 15 (J), a double amount (in) money (Ges§ 131q); לֶחֶם מ׳ Ex 16:22 (P); מ׳ עַל אֲשֶׁר וגו׳ v 5 (P) the double above what they gathered daily; מִשְׁנֵה שְׂכַר שָׂכִיר Dt 15:18 (v. Dr); מ׳ עֲוֹנָם Je 16:18 the double of their guilt, 17:18 (v. supr.); a double portion Is 61:7(×2); Zc 9:12; Jb 42:10. 2. written copy of law Dt 17:18; Jos 8:32 (D). 3. second in order: a. second rank, מִרְכֶּבֶת הַמּ׳ Gn 41:43 (J), רֶכֶב הַמּ׳ 2 Ch 35:24; of pers. one second in rank, priest next to high-priest, (הַ)מ׳ 2 K 23:4; 25:18 = Je 52:24; אֶהְיֶה־לְּךָ לְמ׳ 1 S 23:17, מִשְׁנֵה הַמֶּלֶךְ 2 Ch 28:7, מ׳ לַמֶּלֶךְ Est 10:3; 1 Ch 15:18; 16:5; 2 Ch 31:12; מ׳ מֵאֶחָיו Ne 11:17.—1 S 15:9 read (cf. 𝔖 𝔗) הַמַּשְׁמַנִּים (Ne 8:10) Th, הַשְּׁמַנִּים or הַשְּׁמֵנִים We Dr Bu, etc. (Ez 34:16); מִשׁ׳ Ezr 1:10 is appar. corruption of a numeral. b. second in age, 1 S 8:2; 17:13; 2 S 3:3; 1 Ch 5:12. 4. second quarter, district, of city, הַמִּשְׁנֶה 2 K 22:14 = 2 Ch 34:22, Zp 1:10, cf. מִשְׁנֶה²" dir="rtl" >הָעִיר מִשְׁנֶה Ne 11:9 over the city, viz. the second quarter.

† I. לָבָן adj. white;—ל׳ abs. Gn 30:35 + 13 times; cstr. לְבֶן־ Gn 49:12 (cf. Ges§ 93, 2, R. 1 Kö Lgb ii, 74 BaNB 166); f. לְבָנָה Lv 13:4 + 6 times; pl. לְבָנִים Zc 1:8 + 3 times; לְבָנוֹת Gn 30:37 + 2 times;—white, of wood under bark Gn 30:37(×2) (cf. Jo 1:7); of spots on goats v 35 (all J); of manna Ex 16:31 (P); garments Ec 9:8 (sign of cheerfulness and joy); of teeth וּלְבֶן־שִׁנַּיִם מֵחָלָב Gn 49:12 (poem in J; ‖ הַכְלִילִי עֵינַיִם מִיָּ֑יִן) of Judah (on interpr. v. Di and, differently, Marc. JastrJBL xi. (1892), 128); of horses Zc 1:8; 6:3, 6 (in vision); chfly. of diseased skin or flesh on body (בַּהֶרֶת Lv 13:4, 19, 24, 25, 26, 38) Lv 13:4, 10, 13, 16, 17, 19, 24, 38; and of hair on such spots 13:3, 4, 10, 20, 21, 25, 26; + אֲדַמְדֶּ֫מֶת 13:19, 24, 43, cf. v 42; + כֵּהָה v 39 (all P).

λευκός, ή, όν, light, bright, clear (opposed to μέλας in all senses), αἴγλη Refs 8th c.BC+; λευκὸν (variant{λαμπρόν}).. ἠέλιος ὥς Refs 8th c.BC+; of metallic surfaces, λέβης Refs 8th c.BC+; λ. γαλήνη a glassy calm, Refs 8th c.BC+; of water, clear, limpid, Refs 8th c.BC+ __2 metaphorically, clear, distinct, of the voice, Refs 4th c.BC+: in literary sense, clear, λ. στίχος Refs 1st c.AD+, when a rogue was detected, Refs adverb -κῶς, πάντα φαίνειν, of Hermes, Refs 1st c.AD+: comparative -ότερον, διαλεχθῆναι Refs 3rd c.AD+ __II of colour, white, frequently in Refs 8th c.BC+, varying from the pure white of snow ([ἵπποι] -ότεροι χιόνος Refs 8th c.BC+ to the grey of dust (λευκοὶ ἐγένοντο κονισάλῳ Refs; λ. ἅρμα, ={λεύκιππον}, Refs 5th c.BC+; of the white horses used by tyrants, λ. ζεῦγος Refs 4th c.BC+, compare λεύκιππο; λ. λίθος marble, Refs 3rd c.BC+, etc., compare λευκόλιθο; λευκῷ[ν]λίθῳ λ. στάθμη a white line on a white stone, proverbial of explanations which do not explain, Refs 5th c.BC+; ἡ λ. ῥίζα white root (= ἡ τοῦ δρακοντίου, accusative to Refs 5th c.BC+; frequently of white or grey hair, λ. κάρη Refs 7th c.BC+ __II.b of the human skin, white, fair, sometimes as a sign of youth and beauty, χρώς, πήχεε, Refs 8th c.BC+; λ. παρειά, παρηΐς, Refs 5th c.BC+; frequently with the notion of bare, κῶλον, πούς, Refs; compare λευκόπους. __II.c of persons, white-skinned, Refs 5th c.BC+: hence, weakly, womanish, Refs 5th c.BC+; compare λευκόπρωκτος, λευκόχρως. __II.d λευκαὶ φρένες in Refs 5th c.BC+, frantic, passionate (compare λευκῶν πραπίδων· κακῶν φρενῶν, Refs __II.2 λ. χρυσός, pale gold, i.e. gold alloyed with silver (probably the same as ἤλεκτρον), opposed to ἄπεφθος χρυσός, Refs 5th c.BC+ __II.3 metaphorically, bright, fortunate, happy, λευκὸν ἦμαρ νυκτὸς ἐκ μελαγχίμου Refs 4th c.BC+; a joyful day or holiday, Refs 3rd c.BC+; λ. ἡμέρα a happy day, Refs 5th c.BC+; ἡ λ. ψῆφος the vote of acquittal, Refs 2nd c.AD+ __III λεύκη, ἡ, leuko/n, τό, as substantive, (see entry). (Cogn. with Latin lux, etc.)

† מִישׁוֹר n.m. Je 48:8 level place, uprightness;—מ׳ ψ 27:11 + 9 times; מִישֹׁר Zc 4:7 (v. Baer) + 12 times;— 1. 3 antith. הר(ים) 1 K 20:23, 25 Zc 4:7; עָקֹב Is 40:4; מַעֲקַשִּׁים 42:16; + שְׁפֵלָה 2 Ch 26:10; ‖ עֵמֶק Je 21:13; הַמִּישׁוֹר specifically of the elevated plateau or 3 between the Arnon and Heshbon Dt 3:10; 4:43 Jos 13:9, 16, 17, 21; 20:8 Je 48:8, 21. 2. level place (free from obstacles), fig. for place of safety, comfort, and prosperity ψ 26:12; ארח מ׳ 27:11; אֶרֶץ מ׳ 143:10. 3. uprightness (cf. מֵישָׁר 2), in government ψ 67:5; שֵׁבֶט מ׳ 45:7; ‖ צֶדֶק Is 11:4; שָׁלוֹם Mal 2:6.

† פָּקַח vb. open eyes and (once) ears (NH id., open (and remove) rubbish heap, sq. עַל look to, attend to; Arabic فَقَحَ blossom, ii. open eyes; J.Aram פְּקַח open eyes, etc.; Syriac ܦܩܰܚ blossom);— Qal Pf. 3 ms. פ׳ Jb 27:19; 2 ms. פָּקַחְתָּ 14:3; Impf. 3 ms. וַיִּפְקַח Gn 21:19 +; 1 s. אֶפְקַח Zc 12:4; Imv. ms. פְּקַח 2 K 6:17 +, so Dn 9:18 Qr (Kt פקחה); Inf. abs. פָּקוֹחַ Is 42:20; cstr. לִפְקֹחַ v 7; Pt. act. פֹּקֵחַ ψ 146:8; pass. fpl. פְּקֻחוֹת Je 32:19;— 1. open eyes: a. one’s own 2 K 4:35; Jb 27:19; Pr 20:13; 2 K 19:16 = Is 37:17; Dn 9:18; + עַל Je 32:19; Zc 12:4 Jb 14:3. b. eyes of others Gn 21:19 2 K 6:17(×2), 20(×2) Is 42:7 ψ 146:8;—for details v. עַ֫יִן" dir="rtl" >עַיִן 1 j. 2. open ears = hear Is 42:20 (without understanding; fig. of Isr.). Niph. Pf. 3 pl. consec. וְנִפְקְחוּ Gn 3:5; Impf. 3 fpl. תִּפָּקַחְנָה Is 35:5, וַתּ׳ Gn 3:7;—be opened, of eyes; fig., so as to know good and evil Gn 3:5, 7; opp. blindness (fig.) Is 35:5.

† מוּם n.m. Lv 21:17 (= foregoing; quiesc. א om.) (NH id.; Aramaic מוּמָא, ܡܽܘܡܳܐ );—abs. מ׳ Lv 21:17 + 16 times; sf. מוּמוֹ Pr 9:7; מוּמָם Dt 32:5;—blemish, defect (chiefly H): 1. physical, a. in man, as excluding from priestly service, Lv 21:17, 18, 21(×2), 23; disfiguring man 2 S 14:25, woman Ct 4:7; (in all היה מ׳ בְּ); as caused by man upon man Lv 24:19, 20. b. in beast (ref. to sacrifice) Lv 22:20, 21, 25; Nu 19:2; Dt 15:21(×2); 17:1 (in all היה מ׳ בְּ). 2. fig. of moral blemish Dt 32:5 (but text very dubious, cf. Dr); תִּשָּׂא פָנֶיךָ מִמּוּם Jb 11:15; of shame of repulse Pr 9:7 (‖ קָלוֹן).

† רַעֲנָן adj. luxuriant, fresh;—m. ר׳ Dt 12:2 +; f. רַעֲנָנָה Ct 1:16; mpl. רַעֲנַנִּים ψ 92:15;—luxuriant, of trees: בְּרוֹשׁ Ho 14:9, זַיִת ψ 52:10 (both sim.), Je 11:16 (fig.); sim. also, כְּאֶזְרָה ר׳ ψ 37:35 (but read כְּאֶרֶז הַלְּבָנוֹן 𝔊 and most); especially in phrase תַּחַת כָּל־עֵץ ר׳ place of idolatrous rites, Dt 12:2; 1 K 14:23; 2 K 16:4 = 2 Ch 28:4; 2 K 17:10; Je 2:20; 3:6, 13; Is 57:5; Ez 6:13; עַל־עֵץ ר׳ Je 17:2 (si vera l.); leaf v 8 (fig.); leafy couch Ct 1:16; fresh, oil ψ 92:11; fresh, flourishing, pers. (fig., as trees) v 15 (+ דְּשֵׁנִים).

† I. [סָכַךְ] vb. overshadow, screen, cover (‖ √ to I. שׂכך (which is prob. orig., cf. Arabic شَكَّ, and Frä90); NH הֵסֵיךְ cover, and perhaps סִכֵּךְ roof over);— Qal Pf. only 2 ms. סַכֹּ֫תָ Ex 40:3, סַכֹּ֫תָה La 3:43, 44, סַכּ֫וֹתָה ψ 140:8; Impf. 3 mpl. וַיָּסֹ֫כּוּ 1 K 8:7, sf. יְסֻכֻּ֫הוּ Jb 40:22; Pt. act. סוֹכֵךְ Ez 28:14, 16, pl. סֹכֲכִים Ex 25:20 + 2 times;— 1. screen, cover, usually c. עַל־ of thing covered, 1 K 8:7; 1 Ch 28:18; + acc. of covering Ex 40:3 (P); + בְּ of covering 25:20; 37:9 (both P); c. לְ of thing covered ψ 140:8; so (+ בְּ instr.) ס׳ בֶּעָנָן לָךְ La 3:44 thou hast screened thyself with the clouds; c. acc. Jb 40:22 lotus-trees, as its shade, screen it; abs. Ez 28:14, 16 (difficult, text prob. corrupt, Co Toy del. as gloss). 2. reflex. cover oneself ס׳ בָאָף La 3:43 thou hast covered (clothed, panoplied) thyself with anger (si vera l.; cf. v 44 supr.). Hiph. Impf. 3 ms. יָ֑סֶךְ לָךְ ψ 91:4, וַיָּ֑סֶךְ Ex 40:21 + 2 times; 2 ms. תָּסֵךְ ψ 5:12; Inf. cstr. הָסֵךְ 1 S 24:4; Pt. מֵסִיךְ Je 3:24 (Ges§ 67 v);—screen, cover, 1. specif. c. אֶת־רַגְלָיו, i.e. with long garments, euphemism for evacuating the bowels, from posture assumed, so inf. Ju 3:24, pt. 1 S 24:4 (cf. NH הֵסֵיךְ, and v. GFM, HPS). 2. elsewhere Impf., as Qal (expl. as Qal BaZMG xliii (1889), 178), c. עַל־ Ex 40:21, of protection ψ 5:12; c. לְ pers. + בְּ instr. 91:4 (of protection). Pilp. סִכְסֵהּ, denom., v. sub שָׂכַךְ³" dir="rtl" >IV. שׂכך.—v. סוח" dir="rtl" >סוך for Jb 3:23; 38:8.

κλείω __A, future κλείσω Refs 5th c.BC+; rare future κατα-κλιῶ, see at {κατακλείω}: aorist ἔκλεισα Refs 5th c.BC+: perfect κέκλεικα LXX+4th c.BC+: pluperfect ἐκεκλείκειν Refs 2nd c.AD+:*mdash;middle, aorist 1 ἐκλεισάμην (κατ-) Refs 5th c.BC+ —passive, future κλεισθήσομαι Refs: aorist ἐκλείσθην Refs 4th c.BC+, etc.: perfect κέκλειμαι (later κέκλεισμαι falsa lectio in Refs 5th c.BC+:—Ionic dialect κληΐω (ἀπο-) Refs 5th c.BC+: aorist ἐκλήῑσα Refs 8th c.BC+, Epic dialect κλήῑσα Refs 8th c.BC+; infinitive κληῗσαι Refs — middle, future κληΐσσομαι conjecture in Refs 4th c.AD+:—passive, aorist ἀπ-εκληΐσθην Refs 5th c.BC+: perfect κεκλήϊμαι Refs: pluperfect ἀπ-εκεκλέατο Refs codices:—old Attic dialect κλῄω (also Trag.,Refs, future κλῄσω Refs 5th c.BC+: aorist ἔκλῃσα Refs 5th c.BC+perfect κέκλῃκα (ἀπο-) Refs 5th c.BC+:—middle, future κεκλῄσομαι Refs: aorist περι-κλῄσασθαι Refs 5th c.BC+:—passive, aorist ἐκλῄσθην (κατ-, ξυν-) Refs, etc.: perfect κέκλῃμαι (see. below):— Doric dialect future κλᾳξῶ Refs 3rd c.BC+aorist ἀπό-κλᾳξον, -κλᾴξας, Refs 3rd c.BC+:—middle, imperfect κατ-εκλᾴζετο Refs 3rd c.BC+:—passive, aorist κατ-εκλᾴσθην Refs, but participle συγκατα-κλαιχθείςRefs: perfect 3rd.pers. plural κατα-κέκλᾱνται Refs 5th c.BC+ —Cf. κλῄζω (B). (κλείς):—shut, close, bar, Refs 8th c.BC+ barred the doors, Refs; ἐκλήϊσεν ὀχῆας shot the bars, so as to close the dooe door,Refs 5th c.BC+; κανθώς Cerc.[same place]; λάρυγγα Refs 2nd c.AD+:—passive, βλέφαρα κέκλῃται Refs 5th c.BC+ __A.2 shut up, close, block up, Βόσπορον κλῇσαι Refs 5th c.BC+:—passive, Refs 5th c.BC+ __A.II shut in, enclose, πόλιν.. πύργων μηχανῇ κεκλῃμένην Refs 4th c.BC+; compare κλῄζω (B). __A.III confine, πλάστιγξ αὐχένα πώλων ἔκλῃε Refs 5th c.BC+:— passive, to be confined, χέρας βρόχοισι κεκλῃμένα Refs __A.III.2 deliver bound, τινὰ εἰς τὰς τοῦ βασιλέως χεῖρας LXX

† חֹם n.m.Je 17:8 heat;—חֹם abs. Gn 8:22 + 3 times + 1 S 21:7 (v. infrom); cstr. Gn 18:1 + 3 times; of heat of (mid-)day חֹם היום Gn 18:1 (J), 1 S 11:11; 2 S 4:5; in promise of regular seasons Gn 8:22 (opp. קֹר); cf. Is 18:4(×2) (ח׳ קָצִיר); but as dangerous to plant-life Je 17:8; it melts snow Jb 24:19; לֶחֶם חֹם 1 S 21:7 bread of heat = hot bread, read perhaps ל׳ חָם (as Jos 9:12).

† I. עָטָה vb. wrap oneself, enwrap, envelop oneself (Arabic غَطَا cover, conceal; Aramaic ܥܛܳܐ extinguish, destroy; Assyrian eṭû, be dark, eṭûtu, darkness);— Qal Pf. 3 ms. וְע׳ (consec.) Je 43:12; 3 pl. וְעָטוּ (consec.) Mi 3:7; Impf. 3 ms. יַעְטֶה Lv 13:45 + 2 times, וַיַּ֫עַט Is 59:17; 2 ms. תַּעְטֶה Ez 24:17; 3 mpl. יַעֲטוּ (Baer יַעְ׳ ψ 71:13; 109:29; 2 mpl. תַּעְטוּ Ez 24:22; Pt. act. עֹטֶה 1 S 28:14 ψ 104:2; fs. עֹטְיָה Ct 1:7;—wrap, envelop oneself with sthg. (acc., like לבשׁ): וְהוּא עֹטֶה מְעִיל 1 S 28:14 an old man ascending, and he is enwrapped in a robe; so יַע׳ הָרֹעֶה בִּגְדוֹ Je 43:12 (sim.), and וְע׳ אֶת־אֶרֶץ מִצְרַיִם v 12 he will wrap himself in the land of Egypt (use it as a robe, fig., of Nebuchadnezzar; so completely will it be in his power, Gf); so fig. of י׳, וַיַּעַט כַּמְעִיל קִנְאָה Is 59:17 (‖ לָבַשׁ), ע׳־אוֹר כַּשַּׂלְמָה ψ 104:2; of men, כְּבֶגֶד יַע׳ 109:19 (sim. ‖ לָבַשׁ v 18), וְיַע׳ כַמְעִיל בָּשְׁתָּם v 29 (‖ id.), יַע׳ חֶרְפָּה וגו׳ 71:13; c. עַל of part covered, in phrase וְעָטוּ עַל־שָׂפָם Mi 3:7 they shall envelop themselves upon their beard (cover the beard, sign of mourning or shame Che Now BenzArch. 165 NowArch. i. 195), so Ez 24:17, 22 and (of leper) Lv 13:45 (P); pt. f. עֹטְיָה Ct 1:7 as subst., one wrapping (a veil about her), i.e. a mourner; > a harlot (cf. Gn 38:14); but preferably II עטה picked lice.—וַיַּעַט etc., v. also עִיט" dir="rtl" >עיט; מְעֻטָּה, v. מדט. Hiph. Pf. 2 ms. הֶעֱטִיתָ עָלָיו בּוּשָׁה ψ 89:46 (of י׳) thou hast wrapped shame upon him (enwrapped him in shame); Impf. 3 ms. בְּרָכוֹת יַעְטֶה מוֹרֶה ψ 84:7 early rain enwrappeth (it, עֵמֶק הַבָּכָא v a) with blessings (𝔊 δώσει, as if from Arabic عطو, عَطَا iii, iv. give, cf. NeMarg. 41); read prob. also יַעֲטֵנִי Is 61:10 (for MT יְעָטָ֑נִי, v. יעט) with a robe of rightness he envelopeth me, so Brd Di RyKau Du; > Qal Pf. עָטָ֑נִי Klo CheHpt.

† [פָּצָה] vb. part, open (Arabic فَصَى i, ii. separate, remove; Aramaic פְּצָא especially set free, ܦܰܨܺܐ Pa. set free);— Qal Pf. 3 fs. פָּֽצְתָה Gn 4:11 +, 2 ms. פָּצִיתָ Ju 11:36, etc.; Impf. 3 ms. יִפְצֶה Jb 35:16; Imv. ms. פְּצֵה Ez 2:8, sf. פְּצֵנִי ψ 144:7, 11; Pt. פֹּצֶה Is 10:14, פּוֹ׳ ψ 144:10;— 1. open mouth: a. to swallow, fig. of ground, הָאֲדָמָה Gn 4:11 (J), Nu 16:30 (JE), הָאָרֶץ Dt 11:6; of enemies, + עַל pers. La 2:16; 3:46 ψ 22:14; lit. Ez 2:8. b. to speak Ju 11:35, 36 (utter a vow, + אֶל־י׳); Jb 35:16; hence = utter, אֲשֶׁר פָּצוּ שְׁפָתַי ψ 66:14; of bird chirping פֹּצֶה פֶה Is 10:14 (in fig.). 2. snatch away, set free (Aramaic loan-word), only ψ 144, + הִצִּיל c. מִן v 7, 11; פ׳ c. מִן v 10.

† דַּק adj. thin, small, fine—abs. m. דּ׳ Ex 16:14 + times; דָּ֑ק Lv 13:30; f. דַּקָּה Lv 16:12 1 K 19:12; pl. f. abs. דַּקּוֹת Gn 41:6 + 2 times; דַּקֹּת 41:24; cstr. דַּקּוֹת 41:3, דַּקֹּת v 4;— 1. thin, of kine דּ׳ בָּשָׂר Gn 41:3 cf. v 4 (Sam has in both רַקּוֹת cf. MT v 19, 20, 27); of ears of corn v 6, 7, 23, 24 (all E); thin, shrunk, withered, of man Lv 21:20 (H). 2. small, fine, of the manna דַּק מְחֻסְפָּס דַּק כַּכְּפֹר Ex 16:14; of incense Lv 16:12, hair 13:30 (all P); of dust אָבָק דַּק Is 29:5; in sim. of isles in hand of י׳, אִיִּים כַּדַּק יִטּוֹל Is 40:15 (דַּק = subst. fine thing, fine dust); once of a low whisper קוֹל דְּמָמָה דַקָּה 1 K 19:12.

† בָּרִיא adj. fat—ψ 73:4 Ju 3:17; pl. בְּרִיאִים 1 K 5:3; cstr. בְּרִיאֵי Dn 1:15; f. בְּרִיאָה Hb 1:16 + 2 times + Ez 34:20 בִּרְיָה; Hi Ol§ 171 a בְּרִיָּה, בריאה; pl. בְּרִיאוֹת Gn 41:5 + 3 times; בְּרִיאֹת Gn 41:2, 4;—fat, cattle בקר Gn 41:2, 4, 5, 7, 18, 20 (E) 1 K 5:3; sheep Ez 34:3, 20 Zc 11:16; food Hb 1:16; אישׁ ב׳ fat man Ju 3:17; בריאי בשׂר Dn 1:15; ב׳ אולם their body fat ψ 73:4.

† [דָּקַק] vb. crush, pulverise, thresh; be fine (Arabic دَقَّ be or become thin, minute; Ethiopic ደቀቀ Assyrian daḳâḳu Pa. break in pieces COTGloss; Ph. דק id., Aramaic דַּקֵּק Pa. id., ܕܰܩ )— Qal Pf. 3 ms. דַּק Dt 9:21, דָּ֑ק Ex 32:20; Impf. 3 ms. sf. יְדֻקֶּ֑נּוּ Is 28:28; 2 ms. תָּדֹק Is 41:15;— 1. crush (trans.) sq. acc. לֶחֶם bread-stuff, corn Is 28:28; of threshing ‖ דּוּשׁ Is 41:15 (fig. of pulverizing mts.) 2. only Pf.; be fine, of state to wh. Moses reduced the golden calf by grinding וַיִּטְחַן עַד אֲשֶׁר־דָּ֑ק Ex 32:20; וָאֶכֹּת אֹתוֹ טָחוֹן הֵיטֵב עַד אֲשֶׁר־דַּק לְעָפָר Dt 9:21. Hiph. Pf. הֵדַק 2 K 23:15; 2 Ch 34:4; 2 fs. וַהֲדִקּוֹת consec. Mi 4:13; Impf. וַיָּ֫דֶק 2 K 23:6; 2 Ch 15:16; 1 s. sf. אֲדִקֵּם 2 S 22:43 (but אֲרִיקֵם ‖ ψ 18:43); Inf. abs. הָדֵק Ex 30:36; cstr. לְהֵדַק 2 Ch 34:7 (form anomalous cf. Ew§ 238 d Ol§ 258 b Be; read perhaps לְהָדֵק Ki; or לָדַק [v. כַּדַּק Is 40:15] cf. Öt);—make dust of, pulverize וַיָּ֫דֶק לְעָפָר 2 K 23:6 (i.e. the Ashera), ‖ 2 Ch 34:4, 7 (כִּתַּת לְהֵדַק); so of the bamah הֵדַק לְעָפָר 2 K 23:15; of the מִפְלֶצֶת 2 Ch 15:16; fig. Mi 4:13 (obj. עַמִּים רַבִּים); Ex 30:36 (P) has וְשָׁחַקְתָּ֫ מִמֶּנָּה הָדֵק and thou shalt beat some of it fine i.e. the incense); 2 S 22:43 read אֲרִיקֵם (‖ ψ 18:43) for אֲדִקֵּם (v. ריק). Hoph. Impf. יוּדָ֑ק Is 28:28 be crushed, subj. לֶחֶם bread corn (cf. supr. Qal);—on sense cf. Che Di.

† [חָמַם] vb. be or become warm (NH id., Pi., make warm, Aramaic ܚܰܡ, חֲמַם be warm; Arabic حَمَّ become hot, of water; also heat, kindle fire in)— Qal Pf. חַם ψ 39:4; Ex 16:21; וְחַם consec. 1 K 1:2; Ec 4:11; חַמּוֹתִ֫י Is 44:16; Impf. יָחֹם Is 44:16; וַיָּ֫חָם 2 K 4:34; Is 44:15; יִחַם (יֵ K3) 1 K 1:1; יֵחַם Dt 19:6; יֵחָ֑ם Ec 4:11; 3 fs. תֵּחַם Ez 24:11; יֵחַמּוּ Ho 7:7; וַיֶּחֱמוּ Gn 30:39; וַיֵּחַמְנָה v 38 (last seven forms could be also from יחם q.v.; but no decisive evidence that this √ is used in Qal; they are placed under חמם by Thes Ew§ 193 a Ol§ 243 b; v. also Köi. 365, 417 ff., who on account of יחם Pi. Inf. Gn 30:41; 31:10, der. last two, needlessly, from יחם); Inf. לַחְמָם Is 47:14, cf. Jb 30:4 (where, however, ל׳ is from לֶחֶם Mich Di unles (Luzz Che) we read לְחַמֵּם Pi. Inf. in both); חֹם 1 S 11:9; Hg 1:6; Ne 7:3; sf. חֻמּוֹ Jb 6:17; חֻמָּם Je 51:39;— 1. lit., be or grow warm Ex 16:21 (P; subj. שֶׁמֶשׁ), cf. 1 S 11:9; Ne 7:3 and Jb 6:17 (sf. of impers. subj.); from fire Is 44:15, 16(×2) 47:14 (cf. supr.); natural heat 1 K 1:1, 2 (by personal contact), so 2 K 4:34; Ec 4:11(×2), from clothing Hg 1:6; of Jerusalem under fig. of pot or caldron Ez 24:11. 2. fig., subj. לִבִּי ψ 39:4 (‖ בַּהֲגִיגִי תִבְעַר־אֵשׁ), cf. Dt 19:6; of conspirators Ho 7:7; Chaldeans Je 51:39. 3. of heat in conception (animals) Gn 30:38, 39 (cf. יחם). Niph. Pt. נֵחָמִים באלים Is 57:5 (Köi.371), inflame oneself with, of idolatry. Pi. Impf. 3 fs. תְּחַמֵּם Jb 39:14 keep eggs warm (of ostrich). Hithp. Impf. יִתְחַמָּם warm oneself Jb 31:20 מִגֵּז כְּבָשִׂים by means of fleece of sheep.

† סָתַם vb. stop up, shut up, keep close (NH id.; 𝔗 סְתַם id.; Syriac ܣܛܰܡ (ܣܬܡ very rare); Arabic سَدَمَ close door Lane1334, and سَطَمَ Ḳam Frey, are perhaps loan-words; cf. Assyrian (bît) šutummu, storehouse, treasury, ZehnpfBAS i. 531); — Qal Pf. 3 ms. ס׳ 2 Ch 32:30; Impf. 2 mpl. תִּסְתֹּ֑מוּ 2 K 3:19; 3 mpl. יִסְתֹּ֑מוּ v 25, וַיִּסְתְּמוּ 2 Ch 32:4; Imv. ms. סְתֹם Dn 8:26; 12:4; Inf. cstr. לִסְתּוֹם 2 Ch 32:3; Pt. pass. סָתוּם Ez 28:3, סָתֻם ψ 51:8, pl. סְתֻמִים Dn 12:9;— 1. stop up springs of water 2 K 3:19, 25; 2 Ch 32:3, 4, cf. v 30. 2. shut up, keep close, prophetic words Dn 8:26; 12:4, 9; בְּסָתֻם ψ 51:8 in (the) closed (chamber of the breast; ‖ טֻחוֹת).—כָּל־סָתוּם Ez 28:3 usually no secret is too dark for thee, but doubtful (v. II. עמם); 𝔊 σοφοί, Co חַרְטֻמִּים חֲכָמִים, or Berthol. קֹסְמִים. Niph. Inf. cstr. לְהִסָּתֵם Ne 4:1 the breaches [in the walls] had begun to be stopped up. Pi. Pf. 3 pl. sf. סִתְּמוּם Gn 26:15; Impf. 3 mpl. sf. וַיְסַתְּמוּם v 18, both of stopping wells quite up (RJE).

† I. [שָׁנָה] vb. change (NH Pi, etc.; Ecclus 42:24, etc.; Assyrian šanû, change, Aramaic שְׁנָא, Nab. Ethpa. Lzb379; Syriac ܫܢܳܐ, especially mentally = grow insane; cf. (prob.) NH שָׁנָה year, = Ph. שנת, שת; MI 2, 8 שת; Assyrian šattu (cf. Muss-ArnoltJBL xi (1892), 73 n.); Arabic سَنَةٌ; Aramaic שְׁנַא, שַׁתָּא, ܫܢܳܐ, ܫܰܢ݈ܬܳܐ; Old Aramaic, Nab., Palm. שנתא, שנת, שת, שנן Lzb379 f.; on year from changing seasons, v. PhilippiZMG xxxii (1878), 79 f. BaZMG xli (1887), 612, 621, 636 (especially against DHM VIme Orient. Congr. ii. 1, 452 who proposes bilit. √), cf. Thes; a daring suggestion by JenZA vii (1892), 177);— Qal Pf. 1 s. לֹא שָׁנִיתִי Mal 3:6 I am י׳, I do not change; Impf. 3 ms. יִשְׁנֶא (Ges§ 77 rr) La 4:1 how is the fine gold changed (si vera l.; LöhrNow יִשָּׁנֵא; gloss on יוּעַם Bu Löhr); Inf. cstr. שְׁנוֹת יְמִין עֶלְיוֹן ψ 77:11 the right hand of the Highest is changed (𝔖 𝔙 𝔗 Aq Sym Theod Hup-Now RVm Bae Du We Buhl; AV RV Ew De Che al. years, usually ins. I will remember); Pt. שׁוֹנִים Est 1:7 differing, different, c. מִן, cf. 3:8 (so Ecclus 42:24); Pr 24:21 those who change (but dub., v. Toy). Pi. transit., change, alter: Pf. 3 ms. שִׁנָּה Je 52:33 c. acc. garments, = שִׁנָּא (Gesl.c.) 2 K 25:29; Impf. 3 ms. יְשַׁנֶּה דִּין Pr 31:5 lest he pervert the judgment; וַיְשַׁנּוֹ 1 S 21:14 (read וַיְשַׁן Ges§ 75bb, וַיְשַׁנֶּה We Dr (and reff.), cf. Bu HPS Now), c. acc. טַעְמוֹ (v טַעַם, and Assyrian šanê ṭêmi, madness); וַיְשַׁנֶּהָ Est 2:9, i.e. changed her place לְטוֹב בֵּית הַנָּשִׁים; 1 s. ψ 89:35 the utterance of my lips I will not change (‖ לֹא אֲחַלֵּל בְּרִיתִי); Inf. cstr. לְשַׁנּוֹת אֶת־דַּרְכֵּךְ Je 2:36 i.e. change thy political course; בְּשַׁנּוֹתוֹ אֶת־טַעְמוֹ ψ 34:1 (title; cf. 1 S 21:14 supr.); Pt. מְשַׁנֶּה פָנָיו Jb 14:20 altering his face, i.e. in death (subj. God). Pu. Impf. 3 ms. וְעֹז פָּנָיו יְשֻׁנֶּא (Ges§ 75rr) Ec 8:1, usually is changed, mollified, Siegf יִשָּׂנֵא is hated (on עֹז פ׳ v. עֹז 4, √ עזז). Hithp. Pf. 2 fs. consec. קוּמִי נָא וְהִשְׁתַּנִּית 1 K 14:2 arise, pray, and disguise thyself.

† [חָפָה] vb. cover (NH id., especially Pi.; Aramaic חֲפָא, ܚܦܳܐ (especially Pa.); Arabic خَفِىَ be hidden, خَفَى hide)— Qal Pf. חָפוּ 2 S 15:30 + 3 times; Pt. חָפוּי 2 S 15:30; cstr. חֲפוּי Est 6:12;—cover the head (רֹאשׁ), in token of grief 2 S 15:30 Je 14:3, 4; pt. agrees with ר׳ 2 S 15:30; חֲפוּי רֹאשׁ (‖ אָבֵל) Est 6:12; in token of sentence of death Est 7:8. Niph. Pt. f. נֶחְפָּה ψ 68:14 (כנפי יונה נ׳), c. בְּ of material. Pi. Pf. (late) חִפָּה 2 Ch 3:5, 9; Impf. וַיְחַף 2 Ch 3:7; sf. וַיְחַפֵּהוּ 2 Ch 3:5, 8; overlay sq. 2 acc. (one of material) 2 Ch 3:5(×2), 7, 8, 9.

† [מָרַט] vb. make smooth, bare, bald; scour, polish (NH id.; pull out, off (feathers, hair); Aramaic ܡܪܰܛ, מְרַט id.; Arabic مَرِطَ have little hair, مَرَطَ pluck out hair);— Qal Impf. i s. וָאֶמְרְטָה Ezr 9:3, sf. 3 mpl. וָאֶמְרְטֵם Ne 13:25; Inf. cstr. מָרְטָה Ez 21:16; Pt. pl. מֹרְטִים Is 50:6; pass. f. מְרוּטָה Ez 21:14 + 2 times;— 1. make bare כָּל־כָּתֵף מְרוּטָה Ez 29:18 every shoulder is laid bare (from chafing of burden; ‖ כָּל־רֹאשׁ מֻקְרָח); the cheek (by plucking out beard) גֵּוִי נָתַתִּי לְמַכִּים וּלְחָיַי לְמֹרְטִ֑ים Is 50:6; c. acc. pers. וָאֶמְרְטֵ֑ם Ne 13:25 (both acts of violence); of hair and beard וָאֶמְרְטָה מִשְּׂעַר רֹאשִׁי וּזְקָנִי Ezr 9:3 (sign of grief). 2. scour, polish, a sword, only Ez 21: v 14 (+ הוּחַדָּה; Co reads מ׳ as Pu), v 16 (del. Co), v 33, + v 20 מְרֻטָה for MT מְעֻטָּה (Ew Sm Co Berthol). Niph. Impf. יִמָּרֵט רֹאשׁוֹ Lv 13:40, 41 his head is made bald (by leprosy). Pu. Pf. 3 fs. מֹרָ֑טָּה Ez 21:15, 16; Pt. מְמֹרָט 1 K 7:45, מוֹרָט Is 18:2, 7 (Ges§ 52 s):—scoured, polished, of bronze utensils of temple 1 K 7:45; of human skin Is 18:2, 7; of sword Ez 21:15, 16 (both + הוּחַדָּה, v. Qal supr.)

† מָתוֹק adj. sweet, and n.[m.] sweetness (on form v. LagBN 30, 60, cf. BaNB 13, 36);—abs. מ׳ Ju 14:14 + 9 times; f. מְתוּקָה Ec 5:11; pl. מְתוּקִים ψ 19:11;— 1. sweet, of honey Ju 14:14 (where מ׳ = subst. a sweet thing), v 18 (both Samson’s riddle), Pr 24:13; so = sweetness, Ez 3:3; more gen., כָּל־מַר מ׳ Pr 27:7 every bitter thing is sweet to one hungry; fig. ψ 19:11 (God’s commandments, sweeter than honey), cf. Pr 16:24 (sim. of pleasant words) וּפִרְיוֹ מ׳ לְחִכִּי Ct 2:3 (i.e. his caresses); שָׂמִים מַר לְמ׳ וּמ׳ לְמָ֑ר Is 5:20 making bitter into sweet and sweet into bitter (obscuring moral distinctions; ‖ הָֹאמְרִים לָרַע טוֹב וְלַטּוֹב רָ֑ע). 2. = pleasant, sleep of the toiler Ec 5:11; light 11:7 (‖ טוֹב לַעֵינַיִם לִרְאוֹת אֶת־הַשֶּׁמֶשׁ).

† דָּשֵׁן vb. be fat, grow fat (Arabic دَسِمَ; whence also دَسَمٌ grease, fat; NH דִּשֵּׁן make fat, cf. NH דֶּשֶׁן fat)— Qal Pf. 3 ms. וְדָשֵׁן consec. Dt 31:20 (JE) fig. of Isr.’s prosperity. Pi. Pf. דִּשַּׁנְתָּ ψ 23:5; וְדִשְּׁנוּ consec. Nu 4:13; Impf.: יְדַשְּׁנֶה־סֶּֽלָה ψ 20:4 volunt. (cf. Ges§ 48, 3 De; but perhaps read sf. -נֶהָ, -נָהּ v. Ki Gesl.c.); 3 fs. תְּדַשֶּׁן־ Pr 15:30; Inf. לְדַשְּׁנוֹ Ex 27:3—causat. make fat ד׳ בשׁמן ראשׁי i.e. anoint, symbol of festivity and joy ψ 23:5; ד׳ עָ֑צֶם Pr 15:30 of bodily effect of good news; ד׳ עולה find a burnt-offering fat = acceptable ψ 20:4; elsewhere denom. from דֶּשֶׁן (fat ashes);—take away, clear away the fat ashes (acc. of altar cleared) Nu 4:13 (P), so סירות לְדַשְּׁנוֹ Ex 27:3 (P). Pu. Impf. יְדֻשָּׁ֑ן Pr 28:25 Is 34:7; 3 fs. תְּדֻשָּׁן Pr 11:25; 13:4—pass. of causat. Pi. be made fat, of dust saturated מֵחֵלֶב Is 34:7; fig. of prosperity of the liberal Pr 11:25, the diligent 13:4, the trustful 28:25. Hothp. Pf. 3 fs. הֻדַּ֫שְׁנָה (cf. Ol§ 271 Ges§ 54, 3) Is 34:6, of Yahweh’s sword:—it hath fattened itself מֵחֶלֶב (‖ מָֽלְאָה דָּם).

† [עָוַת] vb. be bent, crooked (NH id., Pi. Nithp.; Aramaic עַוֵּית Pa.; cf. ܥܰܬ, ܥܬܳܐ deceive PS 3008);— Pi. Pf. 3 ms. sf. עִוְּתָ֑נִי Jb 19:6, עִוְּתוֹ Ec 7:13; 3 pl. sf. עִוְּתוּנִי ψ 119:78; Impf. 3 ms. יְעַוֵּת ψ 146:9 Jb 8:3, יְעַוֶּת־ v 3; Inf. לְעַוֵּת Am 8:5 La 3:36;— 1. a. make crooked = falsify, scales Am 8:5; pervert justice (מִשְׁפָּט, צֶדֶק) Jb 8:3(×2); 34:12 (all God subj.); c. acc. pers. subvert (i.e. deprive of justice), לְע׳ אָדָם בְּרִיבוֹ La 3:36, cf. ψ 119:78 (v.l. 119:61); so עִוְּתָנִי Jb 19:6 (י׳ subj.). 2. bend, make crooked, דֶּרֶךְ רְשָׁעִים ψ 146:9 (י׳ subj.); in gen. Ec 7:13 (God subj.; opp. תִּקֵּן). Pu. Pt. מְעֻוָּת Ec 1:15 what is bent (opp. תְּקֹן). Hithp. Pf. 3 pl. consec. וְהִתְעַוְּתוּ Ec 12:3 and the strong men bend themselves.

† [אָדֹם, אָדֵם] vb. be red (on format. cf. LagBN 83 cf. 120)— Qal Pf. 3 pl. אָֽדְמוּ ruddy, of Nazirites La 4:7; Pu. Pt. reddened, dyed red, מְאָדָּם Na 2:4 (of shield), מְאָדָּמִים of rams’ skins Ex 25:5; 26:14; 35:7, 23; 36:19; 39:34 (all P). Hithp. Impf. redden, grow or look red, יִתְאַדָּ֑ם Pr 23:31 of wine); Hiph. Impf. emit (show) redness (cf. LagBN 120) יַאְדִּימוּ כַתּוֹלָע Is 1:18 (of sins) i.e. be glaring, flagrant (cf. also v 15).

† [יָחַם] vb. be hot, Pi. conceive (Arabic وَحَمَ v. incaluerunt pecora, Frey; Aramaic יְחַם be hot, usually of sexual impulse of animals)— Qal v. חָמַם" dir="rtl" >חמם. Pi. Pf. 3 fs. sf. יֶחֱמַתְנִי ψ 51:7 in sin my mother conceived me (‖ חוֹלָ֑לְתִּי); Inf. cstr. of heat of cattle in breeding, conception; בְּכָל־יַחֵם Gn 30:41 at every breeding-heat of the flock (J); בְּעֵת יַחֵם 31:10 at the time of the flock’s being hot in breeding (E); sf. 3 fpl. לְיַחֲמֶנָּה (v. GK. 91f) 30:41 in order that they might have breeding-heat (J).

† שָׁמֵן adj. fat, robust;—שׁ׳ m. Ju 3:29 +, f. שְׁמֵנָה Gn 49:20 +;— 1. fat, rich, of food, Gn 49:20 (poem in J), Is 30:23 (+ דָּשֵׁן), Hb 1:16 (‖ בְּרִאָה); of land, fertile Nu 13:20 (E), Ne 9:25, 35, pasturage Ez 34:14 1 Ch 4:40. (1 S 15:9 v. מִשְׁנֶה 3). 2. stout, robust, of men Ju 3:29 (‖ אִישׁ חַיִל; v. GFM); f. coll. (fig. of flock) Ez 34:16 (+ הַחֲזָקָה).

λαμπρός, ά, όν, feminine -ή in Epic dialect Refs 8th c.BC+:— bright, radiant, of the sun and stars, λ. φάος ἠελίοιο Refs 8th c.BC+; -ότατος, of Sirius, Refs; λαμπρὰ σελήνη Hes.[same places],Refs 5th c.BC+; of the eyes, Refs 5th c.BC+; of metallic bodies, λ. φάλοι, κόρυθες, Refs 8th c.BC+: neuter as adverb, θώρηκες λαμπρὸν γανόωντες Refs __2 of white cloths and the like, bright, λαμπρὸς δ᾽ ἦν ἠέλιος ὥς [ὁ χιτών] Refs 8th c.BC+; λ. ἐσθής, = Latin toga candida, Refs 2nd c.BC+ __3 of water, clear, limpid, Refs 5th c.BC+; of air, λ. ἠήρ Refs 5th c.BC+ __4 of sound or voice, clear, distinct, Refs 5th c.BC+; opposed to φ. ἀσαφής, Refs 1st c.AD+ __5 metaphorically, of vigorous action, λ. ἄνεμος a keen wind, Refs 5th c.BC+; λ. ἤδη καὶ μέγας καθιείς swooping down like a fresh and mighty breeze, Refs 5th c.BC+; λαμπρὸς φανήσεται he will come furiously forth, Refs 5th c.BC+; λ. μάχη a keenly contested battle, Refs 2nd c.BC+ adverb -ρῶς, ἐπικείμενοι vigorously, Refs 5th c.BC+; utterly, λ. ἡττῆσθαι, λ. περιεστοιχίσθαι, Refs 3rd c.AD+ __6 metaphorically also, clear, manifest, μαρτύρια Refs 5th c.BC+; λ. φυγή decisive, Refs 2nd c.AD+. adverb - ρῶς, κοὐδὲν αἰνικτηρίως Refs 5th c.BC+; λαμπρῶς ἐλέγετο it was said without concealment, Refs 5th c.BC+ __II of persons, well-known, illustrious by deeds, station, etc., λ. ἐν τῇσι Ἀθήνῃσι Refs 5th c.BC+; λ. ἐν [τοῖς κινδύνοις] Refs 5th c.BC+; as honorary title, -ότατος, = Latin clarissimus, Refs; of cities, councils, etc., ἡ λαμπρὰ τῶν Μιλησίων μητρόπολις Refs 2nd c.AD+; of actions, etc., ἔργον οὐδὲν ἀπ᾽ αὐτῶν λ. γίνεται Refs 5th c.BC+ __II.2 magnificent, munificent, λ. ἐν ταῖς λειτουργίαις Refs 5th c.BC+; ὁ λ. καὶ πλούσιος οὗτος Refs adverb - ρῶς, χορηγεῖν Refs 5th c.BC+ __II.3 bright, joyous, λ. ὥσπερ ὄμματι, of the bearer of good news, Refs 5th c.BC+; λαμπρὸν ἐξέπεμψα with bright hopes, Refs 5th c.BC+; also ὄμματι δέρκομαι λαμπρόν, of one clear in conscience, Refs 5th c.BC+ __III of outward appearance, splendid, brilliant, νυμφίον.. λ. ὄντα Refs 5th c.BC+; of a horse, Refs 5th c.BC+; of youthful bloom, ὥρᾳ ἡλικίας λ. Refs 5th c.BC+; of healthy look, Refs 5th c.BC+ of property, dress, etc., εἴ τί γ᾽ ἔστι λ. καὶ καλόν Refs 5th c.BC+; λ. κάλλος beaming beauty, Refs 5th c.BC+; τὸ λ. splendour, Refs 5th c.BC+. adverb -ῶς, opposed to λιτῶς, Refs 1st c.BC+: superlative -ότατα Refs 5th c.BC+; later -οτάτως Refs 2nd c.AD+ __III.2 of language, brilliant, τῶν διθυράμβων τὰ λ. Refs 5th c.BC+; λ. λέξις ornamental diction, Refs 4th c.BC+ __IV Astrology texts, of degrees in a zodiacal sign, ἑκάστου ζῳδίου λαμπρὰς μοίρας ἐξέθεντο Refs 4th c.AD+ __V for adverb -ρῶς, see above Refs

† I. אַלּוּף adj. tame—א׳ abs. Mi 7:5 +; cstr. Pr 2:17 +; sf. אַלּוּפִי ψ 55:14; pl. אַלֻּפִים Je 13:21, sf. אַלּוּפֵינוּ ψ 144:14, etc.;— 1. tame, docile, כֶּבֶשׂ אַלּוּף a docile (gentle) lamb Je 11:19. 2. n.m. friend, intimate ψ 55:14 (‖ מְיֻדָּע) Mi 7:5 (‖ רֵעַ) Pr 16:28; 17:9 Je 13:21; of a woman’s husband א׳ נְעוּרֶיהָ Pr 2:17; fig. of י׳ as husband of Judah, id., Je 3:4. 3. i.q. 1. אֶלֶף; אַלּוּפֵינוּ מְסֻבָּלִים ψ 144:14 (i.e. cows).

II. חָלַק vb. be smooth, slippery (NH adj. חָלָק smooth, empty, Arabic خَلَقَ make smooth, lie, forge, fabricate)— Qal Pf. ח׳ Ho 10:2; 3 mpl. חָֽלְקוּ ψ 55:22;—smooth, slippery, only fig.: Ho 10:2 of heart of faithless Isr. (so Ew Ke Wü Now RVm), We false; > Vrss (not 𝔊) Hi St who read חֻלַּק, divided is their heart; 𝔊 ἐμέρισαν; of words, smooth ψ 55:22 i.e. deceptive (‖ רַכּוּ דְבָרָיו מִשֶּׁמֶן). Hiph. Pf. הֶחֱלִיק ψ 36:3, הֶחֱלִיקָה Pr 2:16; 7:5; Impf. יַחֲלִיקוּן ψ 5:10; Pt. מַחֲלִיק Pr 28:23 + 2 times; make smooth: 1. lit. of idol-maker Is 41:7 c. acc. instr. פַּטִּישׁ hammer. 2. fig. the tongue, i.e. flatter with it ψ 5:10; Pr 28:23, words, Pr 2:16; 7:5 אֲמָרֶיהָ הֶחֱלִיקָה; abs. deal smoothy, sq. אֶל־ ψ 36:3, עַל Pr 29:5.

† נָקֹד adj. speckled;—only of sheep and goats; נ׳ Gn 30:32(×2), fpl. נְקֻדּוֹת v 35 (all ‖ טָלוּא), mpl. נְקֻדִּים v 39 (‖ id. + עֲקֻדִּים;—all these J); mpl. also 31:8(×2) and (+ עֲקֻדִּים, בְּרֻדִּים) v 10, 12 (all E).

διαν-οίγω, lay open, τοὺς ὀφθαλμούς NT+5th c.BC+:—passive, LXX+2nd c.AD+; of a dead body, Refs 4th c.BC+ __II open so as to connect, τὸν Ἰνδικὸν καὶ Περσικὸν κόλπον Refs __III reveal, explain, τὰς γραφάς NT+5th c.AD+

κᾰλύπτ-ω, Epic dialect imperfect κάλυπτον Refs 8th c.BC+: future -ψωRefs 4th c.BC+aorist ἐκάλυψα, Epic dialect κάλ- Refs 8th c.BC+ —middle, future καλύψομαι Refs 2nd c.AD+.: Epic dialect aorist καλυψάμην Refs 8th c.BC+:—passive, future καλυφθήσομαι Refs 4th c.BC+: aorist ἐκαλύφθην Refs 8th c.BC+: aorist 2 participle καλῠφείς Refs 3rd c.AD+: perfect κεκάλυμμαι Refs 8th c.BC+: pluperfect κεκάλυπτο Refs 8th c.BC+, Latin oc-culo, celo.) __I cover, frequently with dative instrumental, παρδαλέῃ.. μετάφρενον εὐρὺ κάλυψε Refs 8th c.BC+ is to kill); simply, cover, μέλαν δέ ἑ κῦμα κάλυψεν Refs; [πέτρον] περὶ Χεὶρ ἐκάλυψεν his hand covered, grasped a stone, Refs; of death, τὼ.. τέλος θανάτοιο κάλυψεν Refs 5th c.BC+; κ. Χθονὶ γυῖα, i.e. to be buried, Refs 5th c.BC+; but Χθονί, τάφῳ κ., bury, Refs 5th c.BC+; γῇ, Χέρσῳ, Refs 5th c.BC+: rare in Prose, μὴ καλύπτειν τὰ δολοσχερέα τοῖς εἱματίοις Refs 5th c.BC+; of armour, protect, Refs 5th c.BC+:—middle, cover or veil oneself, ἀργεννῇσι καλυψαμένη ὀθόνῃσιν Refs 8th c.BC+; λευκοῖσιν φαρέεσσι καλυψαμένω (feminine dual) Χρόα καλόν Refs 8th c.BC+:—passive, ἀσπίδι ταυρείῃ κεκαλυμμένος.. ὤμους Refs 8th c.BC+: in Prose, τὸν νεκρὸν κεκαλυμμένον φερέτω σιγᾷ Refs 5th c.BC+; [βράγχια] καλυπτόμενα καλύμματι Refs 4th c.BC+veiled Refs __I.2 hide, conceal, κεκαλυμμένοι ἵππῳ concealed in it, Refs 8th c.BC+:—active, NT+6th c.BC+; σιγῇ κ. NT+5th c.BC+ __I.3 cover with dishonour, throw a cloud over, σὺ μὴ κάλυπτε τὰς εὐδαίμονας ἔργοις Ἀθήνας ἀνοσίοις Refs 5th c.BC+ __II put over as a covering, πρόσθε δέ οἱ πέπλοιο πτύγμ᾽ ἐκάλυψεν Refs 8th c.BC+; τόσσην οἱ ἄσιν καθύπερθε καλύψω I will put mud over him,Refs

† [אטם] vb. shut, shut up (Mish. אטם, cf. אוֹטֶם stoppage, Aramaic אֲטַם; Ar. أَطَمَ contract, stop, أُطُمٌ fortress; As. aṭamu, in list of headgear, etc. = turban? DlW, No. 155)— Qal Pt. act. אֹטֵם Pr 17:28 + 2 textual; pass. אֲטֻמִים 1 K 6:4; אֲטֻמוֹת Ez 40:16 + 2 times;—shut, stop, obj. lips Pr 17:28; ears 21:13 Is 33:15; pass. = closed (i.e. narrowed, narrowing, cf. 𝔖 in Co) חַלּוֹנוֹת א׳ Ez 40:16; 41:16, 26; cf. חַלּוֹנֵי שְׁקֻפִים אֲטֻמִים 1 K 6:4. Hiph. Impf. i.q. Qal יַאְטֵם ψ 58:5 (juss. with sense of indic., cf. Dr§ 173 obs.) of adder, stopping ears, sim. of wicked.

† [טָלָא] vb. patch, spot (NH id., patch)— Qal Pt. pass. טָלוּא Gn 30:32(×2), 33; pl. טְלֻאִים v 35, 39; טְלֻאוֹת Ez 16:16; טְלֻאֹת Gn 30:35; chiefly of spotted, variegated sheep and goats (Jacob & Laban); ‖ נָקֹד, נְקֻדִּים Gn 30:32(×2), 33, 35; ‖ עקדים Gn 30:35; ‖ both, v 39 (all J); of high places, variegated (gaily-coloured shrines) Ez 16:16. Pu. Pt. מְטֻלָּאוֹת patched, of sandals Jos 9:5 (JE).

† מְרִיא n.[m.] fatling, fatlings;—abs. מ׳ 2 S 6:13 + 3 times; pl. abs. מְרִיאִים Is 1:11, cstr. מְרִיאֵי Ez 39:18; sf. מְרִיאֵיכֶם Am 5:22;—fatling: עֵגֶל וּכְפִיר וּמְרִיא Is 11:6; elsewhere only of sacrificial animals, שֶׁלֶם מְרִיאֵיכֶם Am 5:22 (‖ עֹלוֹת, מִנְחֹתֵיכֶם); חֵלֶב מְרִיאִים Is 1:11 (‖ עֹלוֹת אֵילִים, דַּם פָּרִ��ם, etc.); מְרִיאֵי בָשָׁן Ez 39:18 (+ פָּרִים, אֵילִים, etc.); also sg. coll., וַיִּזְבַּח שׁוֹר וּמְרִיא 2 S 6:13, so (+ צֹאן וּבָקָר) 1 K 1:9, and (+ שׁוֹר, צֹאן) v 19, 25.

† אָדֹם adj. red—א׳ Is 63:2 Zc 1:8 + Gn 25:30(×2), v. infr.; אָדוֹם Ct 5:10; f. אֲדֻמָּה Nu 19:2, pl. אֲדֻמִּים 2 K 3:22 + 2 textual;—ruddy, red, of man Ct 5:10; horse Zc 1:8(×2) (‖ שָׂרֹק cf. As.DlW 87 6:2 (‖ שָׁחֹר); heifer Nu 19:2; water 2 K 3:22 (א׳ כַּדָּם); cf. as subst. red, redness on garment Is 63:2; הָאָדֹם = the (red) lentils Gn 25:30(×2), but rd. הָאֱדֹם v. infr.; cf. also מַעֲלֶה.

† III. חֹר, חוֹר n.[m.] hole;—abs. חֹר 2 K 12:10 Ez 8:7 (del. Co B etc.), חוֹר Ct 5:4, חֹרִים 1 S 14:11; cstr. חֹרֵי Jb 30:6; sf. חֹרָיו Na 2:13, חֹרֵיהֶן Zc 14:12;—hole in lid of chest 2 K 12:10 (made by boring, נקב), in door Ct 5:4; in wall Ez 8:7 (v. supra); = eye-socket עיניו תִּמַּקְנָה בְּח׳ Zc 14:12 (plague of enemies of Jerusalem); holes as hiding-places for men 1 S 14:11, so also 13:6 Ew We Dr (for MT חוחים), dwelling of outcast people חרי עָפָר Jb 30:6; of dens of lions Na 2:13.—i. חֹר, v. ii. חור.

† [סָלַף] vb. twist, pervert, overturn (𝔗 סְלַף twist (rare); Arabic سَلَفَ is pass, pass away, come to naught Lane 1407 f.);— Pi. Impf. 3 ms. יְסַלֵּף Jb 12:19 + 2 times, וַיְסַלֵּף Pr 22:12; 3 fs. תְּסַלֵּף Pr 13:6; 19:3; Pt. מְסַלֵּף Pr 21:12;— 1. pervert, Ex 23:8 (E) a bribe perverteth the case (cause, דִּבְרֵי) of righteous, = Dt 16:19. 2. subvert, turn upside down, ruin (only WisdLt): c. acc. pers. Jb 12:19; Pr 13:6 (opp. תִּצֹּר), 21:12; אִוֶּלֶת אָדָם תּ׳ דַּרְכּוֹ 19:3 a man’s folly subverteth his way; וַיְסַלֵּף דִּבְרֵי בֹגֵד 22:12 and he (י׳) subverteth the affairs of a treacherous man.

† I. [עָוָה] vb. bend, twist (so Arabic عَوَى );— Niph. Pf. 1 s. נַעֲוֵיתִי Is 21:3 ψ 38:7; Pt. cstr. נַעֲוֵה Pr 12:8; f. cstr. נַעֲוַת 1 S 20:30 (but read נַעֲרַת 𝔊 We Dr SS Bu HPS);—be bent, bowed down, twisted, ‖ שׁחה ψ 38:7; ‖ נבהל Is 21:3; נַעֲוִה לֵב Pr 12:8 one perverted of mind. Pi. Pf. 3 ms. עִוָּה, subj. י׳:—La 3:9 my paths hath he twisted; וְע׳ Is 24:1 its surface will be distort (‖ בּוֹקֵק הָאָרֶץ). Hiph. Pf. 1 s. יָשָׁר הֶעֱוֵיתִי Jb 33:27 the right have I perverted (‖ חָטָא); so 3 pl. הֶעֱזוּ אֶת־דַּרְכָּם Je 3:21.

† עָקֹד adj. striped, streaked;—of Jacob’s goats and sheep; as subst. ע׳ Gn 30:40 (coll.), pl. עֲקֻדִּים 31:8(×2); pl. as attrib. 30:35, 39, pred. 31:10, 12.

† קָפַץ vb. draw together, shut (NH = BH; Arabic قَفَصَ collect, conjoin, tie; Syriac ܩܦܰܣ draw together, contract, withdraw (cf. NöM 47: ZMG xxxiii (1879), 516); 𝔗 קְפַץ hasten (double oneself up in running), Pi. hop, spring);— Qal Pf. 3 ms. ק׳ ψ 77:10, etc.; Impf. 2 ms. תִּקְפֹּץ Dt 15:7; 3 mpl. יִקְפְּצוּ Is 52:15;—shut hand Dt 15:7 (c. מִן away from, so as not to lend; opp. פתח v 8); mouth, in astonishment Is 52:15, in abject silence Jb 5:16 ψ 107:42; fig. ק׳ רַחֲמָיו 77:10 shut up his compassion. Niph. Impf. 3 ms. יִקָּֽפְצוּן Jb 24:24 si vera l., they draw themselves together, of contraction in death (cf. Di Bu; Ol יִקָּֽבְצוּן are gathered in). Pi. Pt. מְקַפֵּץ עַל־הַגְּבָעוֹת Ct 2:8 springing (i.e. making repeated contractions of body, in taking leaps) upon the hills (‖ מְדַלֵּג).

† II. [שָׁוָה] vb. Pi. set, place (Biblical Aramaic Hithpa. 𝔗 שְׁוָא Pa. set, make (often 𝔗 = שׂום, שׁית); Thes al. sub I. שׁ׳, orig. set, place, then set together, compare, make even, right, cf. Vulg. Ar. سَوَى ii. make (Wahrm, cf. also BaES 66));—Pf. 1 s. שִׁוִּיתִי ψ 16:8 I have set י׳ before me (לְנֶגְדִּי); שׁ׳ עֵזֶר עַל 89:20 I have placed strength upon a hero, cf. 21:6; Pt. מְשַׁוֶּה רַגְלַי כְּ 2 S 22:34 setting my feet like hinds = ψ 18:34 (cf. 𝔗 שַׁזִּי כְּ Gn 48:20 Je 29:22, for שׂים כְּ);—Is 38:13 v. I. שָׁוָה" dir="rtl" >שׁוה;—Impf. = make, produce, 3 ms. פְּרִי יְשַׁוֶּה לוֹ Ho 10:1 (Israel as vine), si vera l., v. We Now (‖ עשׂה פְּרִי Ho 9:16, cf. 8:7).

θνητός, ή, όν, also ός, όν Refs 5th c.BC+: Doric dialect θνᾱτός (see. below): Aeolic dialect θνᾶτος Refs 7th c.BC+: (θνῄσκω):— liable to death, mortal, opposed to ἀθάνατος, frequently in Refs 8th c.BC+ substantive, θνητοί mortals, Refs 8th c.BC+; θνηταί mortal women, Refs; πάντων τῶν θ. of all mortal creatures, Refs 5th c.BC+; εἴ τις φθόγγος (φθόγγον codex, but θ. is only used of living persons) εἰσακούεται θνητῶν παρ᾽ Ἅιδῃ Refs 5th c.BC+: comparative, ἐν θνητῷ ὄντες, ἔτι θνητοτέρους ἑαυτοὺς ποιοῦντες Refs 3rd c.AD+: superlative, θνητότατος πάντων Refs 3rd c.AD+ __2 of things, befitting mortals, human, ἔργματα Refs 5th c.BC+

κόκκ-ῐνος, η, ον, scarlet, NT+3rd c.BC+blushing, Refs 4th c.BC+ __II substantive κόκκινα, τά, scarlet clothes, ἐν κ. περιπατεῖν, κ. φορεῖν, LXX+2nd c.AD+

σπήλαιον, τό, grotto, cavern, NT+5th c.BC+; σ. λῃστῶν den of robbers, LXX+NT; of a grave, NT+1st c.AD+ __2 privy parts, LXX __3 place behind the scenes in a theatre, Refs 2nd c.AD+

φθαρ-τός, ή, όν, destructible, perishable, opposed to ἀΐδιος, Refs 4th c.BC+; gloss on{θνητός}, Refs 3rd c.BC+

† אֲדַמִדָּם adj. reddish (cf. As.ada(m)mumu? DlW) of leprous sores Lv 13:42 (־דָּ֑ם) v 49 (־דָֹם); f. אֲדַמְדֶּמֶת v 24, 43; ־דָ֑מֶת v 19; f. pl. אֲדַמְדַּמֹּת 14:37.

† [זִיו] n.m. brightness, splendour (𝔗 id., Syriac ܕܟܺܝ, perhaps loan-word from Assyrian zîmu, chiefly of countenance, DlWB 252: Pr 152 NöZMG xl (1886), 732 JenZK ii. 43 BrockLex. Syriac 93);—sf. זִיוִי Dn 4:33 splendour of royalty; זִיוֵהּ 2:31 (of image); pl. brightness of countenance: sf. זִיוַי 7:28, זיויך Kt, זִיוָךְ Qr, 5:10, זִיוֹ֫הִי 5:6, 9.

† לַח adj. moist, fresh, new;—ל׳ Gn 30:37; Ez 21:3; לָ֑ח 17:24; pl. לַחִים Nu 6:3 + 2 times;— 1. moist, fresh, of trees, fruit, etc.; לִבְנֶה לַה Gn 30:37 (J); עֵץ ל׳ Ez 17:24; 21:3; grapes עֲנָבִים ל׳ Nu 6:3. 2. new, of cords, יְתָרִים ל׳ Ju 16:7, 8, prob. made of fresh sinews of animal (cf. Syriac ܝܺܬܰܪ PS 1652; GFMad loc.)

† נָעַל vb. bar, bolt, lock (NH id.);— Qal Pf. 3 ms. נָעַל 2 S 13:18, נָעָ֑ל Ju 3:23; Imv. נְעֹל 2 S 13:17; Pt. pass. נָעוּל Ct 4:12(×2); fpl. נְעֻלוֹת Ju 3:24;—bar, bolt, lock, usually c. acc. דֶּלֶת, דְּלָתוֹת: Ju 3:23, + אַחֲרֵי after, behind, v 24; 2 S 13:17, 18; elsewhere only גַּן נָעוּל Ct 4:12 a garden barred (fig. of Shulamite), so also v 12b (reading גַּן for גַּל, Vrss Gr Bu).

† [סָפַן once, erron., שׂ׳] vb. cover, cover in, panel (NH סָפַן is respect, care for; Ph. מספנת roof, Lzb330; Aramaic סְפַן Ithpe. be covered, overlaid; Assyrian sapânu (sometimes šapânu !), cover, overwhelm Dl508; sapannu, concealment, obscurity, depth (of sea); Ethiopic ሰፈነ invalescere, percrebescere, praevalere, Di406);— Qal Impf. 3 ms. וַיִּסְפֹּן אֶת־הַבַּיִת גֵּבִים 1 K 6:9 and he covered in the house with beams (?); Inf. abs. סָפוֹן בָּאָ֑רֶז Je 22:14 (reading with JDMich Hi Gf Or Gie Co, חַלּוֹנָיו סָפוֹן, for MT חַלּוֹנַי וְסָפוּן, cf. DrSm xxx) covering (it) in, panelling (it) with cedar; Pt. pass. סָפוּן בְּאֶרֶז 1 K 7:7, סָפֻן בְּאֶרֶז v 3; pl. בְּבָֽתֵּיכֶם סְפוּנִים Hg 1:4 in your panelled houses.—סָפוּן strangely = reserved, laid up, Dt 33:21, and = hidden v 19 שְׂפֻנֵי טְמֻנֵי חוֹל (only here with שׂ; both in sense of צָפוּן [read this?

ἐπιεικ-ής, ές, fitting, meet, suitable, τύμβον οὐ μάλα πολλὸν.., ἀλλ᾽ ἐπιεικέα τοῖον not very large but meet in size, Refs 8th c.BC+ a fair recompense for them, Refs 8th c.BC+ as is meet, Refs 8th c.BC+: or c.infinitive, ὅν κ᾽ ἐπιεικὲς ἀκουέμεν whom it may be meet for you to hear, Refs 8th c.BC+ such as is meet they should be, Refs 8th c.BC+ __II. after Refs 8th c.BC+ __II.1. of statements, rights, etc., __II.1.a. reasonable, specious, ἡ δὲ τρίτη τῶν ὁδῶν πολλὸν ἐπιεικεστάτη ἐοῦσα μάλιστα Refs 6th c.BC+; ἐπιεικῆ Refs; ἐ. ὁδός a tolerable road, Refs 1st c.AD+ __II.1.b. opposed to δίκαιος, fair, equitable, not according to the letter of the law, ἐπανόρθωμα Refs 5th c.BC+; οὔτε τοὐπ. οὔτε τὴν χάριν οἶδεν, Refs 6th c.BC+; πρὸς τὸ ἐ., ={ἐπιεικῶς} Refs 5th c.BC+ __II.2. of persons, able, capable, Refs 6th c.BC+; τίνες.. τῶν νέων ἐπίδοξοι γενέσθαι ἐ. may be expected to turn out well, Refs 5th c.BC+. __II.2.b. in moral sense, reasonable, fair, good, ἐ. τὴν ψυχήν, φύσει, NT+5th c.BC+; τοὐπιεικές fairness, goodness, Refs 5th c.BC+ __II.2.c. with social or political connotation, the upper or educated classes, Refs 4th c.BC+ __III. adverb -κῶς, Ionic dialect -κέως, fairly, tolerably, moderately, ἐγγλύσσει ἐ. Refs 5th c.BC+ to be pretty well, Refs 6th c.BC+ about the fourth day, Refs 5th c.BC+ pretty nearly, about, Refs 2nd c.BC+ were fairly well able.., Refs 5th c.BC+ perhaps, Refs __III.2. probably, reasonably, Refs most suitably, Refs __III.3. with moderation, mildly, kindly, Refs 1st c.AD+; ἐ. Refs 6th c.BC+: comparative Refs. __III.4. generally, usually, Refs 1st c.AD+

ἐπισκῐ-άζω, throw a shade upon, overshadow, τῇ [πτέρυγι] τὴν Ἀσίην NT+5th c.BC+:—passive, Refs 1st c.AD+; opposed to φωτίζειν, Refs 2nd c.AD+ —middle, -σκιάζεσθαι τὸν ἥλιον to ward off the sun's rays, Refs: metaphorically, conceal, obscure, ἀλήθειαν πλάσμασι μυθικοῖς Refs 1st c.AD+; τὰ δεινὰ ἑτέροις ὀνόμασιν ἐ. Refs 2nd c.AD+; τὴν θωπείαν, τὸν βίον, Refs 2nd c.AD+:—passive, τῇ εὐγενεία Refs 2nd c.AD+; λαθραῖον ὄμμ᾽ ἐπεσκιασμένη keeping a hidden watch, Refs 5th c.BC+ __2. darken, obscure, Refs 1st c.AD+: metaphorically, ἀφροσύνη ἐ. ψυχήν Refs __3. of the Divine presence, overshadow for protection, etc., τινί LXX; ἐπὶ τὴν κεφαλήν τινοςNT __4. passive, to be weak-sighted, Refs 2nd c.AD+

† [לָבֵן] vb. be white (onֵ v. BaNB 166; v. LagBN 33, cf. 53, 54 infers לָבֹן from לִבֹנָה; NH id., Pi. Hiph., and deriv.; Ph. לבן white; Arabic لَبَنٌ milk; لبن also be white, dial. of Yemen, MaltzanZMG xxvii, 1873, 247; appar. √ of foll. fourteen words, but this dub. especially in case of ii. iii. לָבָן, לְבָנָא, לִבְנָה, ii. לְבוֹנָה, i. ii. לִבְנִי);— Hiph. Pf. 3 pl. הִלְבִּינוּ Jo 1:7; Impf. 1 s. אַלְבִּין ψ 51:9; 3 pl. יַלְבִּינוּ Is 1:18; Inf. cstr. וְלַלְבֵּן (= וּלְהַלְבֵּן) Dn 11:35;— 1. make white = purify (ethical) Dn 11:35 (no object expr., ‖ עָרַף, בָּרֵר). 2. shew whiteness, grow white, of fig-tree, stripped by locusts, Jo 1:7; fig. of moral purity, כַּשֶּׁלֶג יַלְב׳ Is 1:18; מִשֶּׁלֶגּ אַלְב׳ ψ 51:9. Hithp. Impf. יִתְלַבְּנוּ Dn 12:10 be purified (ethical, ‖ יִתְבָּֽרֲרוּ).—לָבַן, make brick, v. infr.

† [מָתֹק] vb. become or be sweet, pleasant (NH מתק, especially Pi.; Assyrian [matâḳu] be sweet, in deriv.; Ethiopic ምጡቅ: sweet; Aramaic ܡܬܰܩ suck (with pleasure), מְתַק id., be sweet; Arabic مطق (ط before ق) v. smack the lips (with pleasure), مَطْقَةٌ sweetness);— Qal Pf. 3 ms. sf. מְתָקוֹ Jb 24:20; 3 pl. מָֽתְקוּ 21:33; Impf. 3 mpl. יִמְתָּ֑קוּ Pr 9:17, וַיִּמְתְּקוּ Ex 15:25;— 1. lit. become sweet, of water (opp. מָרִים) 15:25 (J); are (i.e. taste) sweet, מַיִם גְּנוּבִים יִמ׳ Pr 9:17 (fig. of delights of illicit pleasure). 2. = be pleasant, מָֽתְקוּ לוֹ Jb 21:33 sweet (pleasant) to him are the clods of the valley (said of one resting in the grave). 3. suck (Aramaic sense, cf. Syriac supr.) מְתָקוֹ רִמָּה Jb 24:20 the worm doth suck him, feast on him (on vb. masc. cf. Ges§ 145, 7 KöSynt. § 345 a DaSynt. § 113(b)), Di De Buhl (cf. Kau Da; also SS who render ‘angenehm finden’), but this sense in Heb. dub.; text perhaps crpt. (cf. conject. by Bu Du). Hiph. Impf. 3 fs. אִם תַּמְתִּיק בְּפִיו רָעָה Jb 20:12 if evil gives a sweet taste in his mouth (declarative Hiph.); 1 pl. אֲשֶׁר יַחְדָּו נַמְתִּיק סוֹד ψ 55:15 we who used to make sweet (our) intimacy.

† [עָלַף] vb. cover (NH id., cover, faint; Arabic غَلَفَ smear, ii. cover, غِلَافٌ sheath; Assyrian elpitu, pining, exhaustion);— Pu. Pt. f. covered, encrusted, cstr. מְעֻלֶּפֶת Ct 5:14 his belly of ivory encrusted with sapphires. Pf. 3 pl. בָּנַיִךְ עֻלְּפוּ Is 51:20 thy sons are enshrouded, enwrapped, i.e. their senses obscured = have swooned away; so also Ez 31:15, reading 3 fs. עֻלָּ֑פָה for subst. עֻלְפֶּה (Köii. 1, 113), all the trees have fainted for (עַל) him (so 𝔊 𝔖 𝔙 Hi Co al.). Hithp. enwrap oneself, Impf. 3 fs. וַתִּתְעַלָּ֑ף Gn 38:14 (J); = swoon away, 3 ms. וַיִּתְעַלָּ֑ף Jon 4:8; 3 fpl. תִּתְעַלַּפְנָה Am 8:13.

† [עָקַשׁ] vb. twist (NH id. (rare));— Niph. Pt. cstr. נֶעְקַשׁ דְּרָכַיִם Pr 28:18 one crooked in ways (Pi. Pf. 3 pl. עִקְּשׁוּ לָהֶם Is 59:8 their paths they have twisted. Impf. 3 mpl. יְעַקֵּ֑שׁוּ Mi 3:9 all that is straight they make crooked; Pt. מְעַקֵּשׁ דְּרָכָיו Pr 10:9 (cf. Niph.). Hiph. Impf. וַיַּעְקְשֵׁנִי Jb 9:20 (Ges§ 53 n) he hath declared me crooked, devious (in life).

† I. [שָׁמֵן] vb. grow fat (NH Hiph. id., also שֶׁמֶן; Arabic سَمِنَ be fat; Aramaic ܫܡܶܢ, especially der. spec. and deriv.; שְׁמֵין adj. fat: Assyrian šamnu, fat; Ph. (Pun.) שמן oil, so Palm. שמנא Lzb378; on relation of meanings Frä147);— Qal Pf. 2 ms. שָׁמַ֫נְתָּ Dt 32:15 and Impf. 3 ms. וַיִּשְׁמַן v 15 both of Israel (propserous and arrogant) under fig. of fat beast; so Pf. 3 pl. שָֽׁמְנוּ Je 5:28 (of wicked). Hiph. Impf. 3 mpl. וַיַּשְׁמִינוּ Ne 9:25 were sated and shewed fatness (inner causat.); Imv. ms. הַשְׁמֵן Is 6:10 make fat (dull, unreceptive), לֵב הָעָם הַזֶּה.

γλῠκύς, εῖα (-ῆαRefs 3rd c.BC+, sweet to the taste or smell, νέκταρ Refs 8th c.BC+; opposed to ὀξύς, Refs 5th c.BC+; opposed to δριμύς, Refs 8th c.BC+, pleasant, delightful, ἵμερος, ὕπνος, Refs 8th c.BC+; γλυκύ [ἐστι], with infinitive, Refs 5th c.BC+ __b of water, sweet, fresh, Refs 6th c.BC+; opposed to πικρός, Refs 5th c.BC+; opposed to ἁλμυρός, Refs 4th c.BC+ __2 after Refs 8th c.BC+, of persons, sweet, dear, γλυκεῖα (variant{-ῆα}) μᾶτερ Refs 7th c.BC+: with infinitive, γ. φρὴν συμπόταισιν ὁμιλεῖν Refs 5th c.BC+, etc.; also ὑπὲρ τῆς γλυκυτάτης πατρίδος τελευτῆσαι Refs 2nd c.AD+; ὦ γλυκύτατε my dear fellow, Refs 5th c.BC+; sometimes in bad sense, simple, silly, ὡς γ. εἶ! Refs 5th c.BC+; also applied κατ᾽ ἀντίφρασιν to a swine, Refs 2nd c.AD+; γλυκὺ πνεῖον, of mustard, Refs 4th c.BC+ __II as substantive, ὁ γ. (i.e. οἶνος) grape-syrup, Refs 4th c.BC+ __II.b of the eye of Polyphemus, Refs 3rd c.BC+ __II.2 ἡ γ., ={γλυκύρριζα}, Refs 4th c.BC+ __II.3 ἡ γ., ={χολή}, Refs 2nd c.BC+ __III comparative and superlative γλυκίων Refs 8th c.BC+ __IV adverb -κέωςRefs 2nd c.AD+, cf. Latin dulcis.)

δαμάζω Refs 4th c.BC+, etc.: future δαμάσω Refs 1st c.AD+; Epic dialect δαμάσσω Refs 8th c.BC+; 3rd.pers. plural δαμόωσι Refs: aorist 1 ἐδάμᾰσα Refs 5th c.BC+ (participle δαμάσσαις Refs 8th c.BC+: perfect δεδάμακα Refs 5th c.AD+:—middle, future Epic dialect δαμάσσομαι Refs 8th c.BC+aorist ἐδαμάσσατο, δαμάσαντο, δαμασσάμενος, Refs 8th c.BC+; aorist 1 optative δαμάσαιτο Refs: aorist 2 optative δάμοιτο Refs:—passive, future 3 δεδμήσομαι Refs: aorist ἐδαμάσθην Refs 8th c.BC+; Epic dialect δαμάσθην Refs 8th c.BC+; ἐδμήθην, imperative δμηθήτω Refs 8th c.BC+, Doric dialect δμᾱθείς Refs 8th c.BC+; Epic dialect δάμην Refs 8th c.BC+; 3rd.pers. plural δάμεν Refs 8th c.BC+; Epic dialect subjunctive δαμείω Refs 8th c.BC+ and 3rd.pers. singular δαμήῃς -ήῃ Refs 8th c.BC+, 2nd pers. plural δαμήετε Refs 8th c.BC+; infinitive δαμῆναι Refs 8th c.BC+, Epic dialect infinitive δᾰμήμεναι Refs 8th c.BC+; participle δαμείς Refs 7th c.BC+ (only form of aorist used by Refs 5th c.BC+: perfect δέδμημαι Refs 8th c.BC+, etc., -ημένος Refs 2nd c.BC+: pluperfect δέδμητο Refs 8th c.BC+; 3rd.pers. plural -ήατοRefs 8th c.BC+ in present participle δαμάζων Refsaorist passive δαμασθεῖενRefs; also infinitive δαμασθῆναι is falsa lectio in Refs 5th c.BC+:—overpower: __I of animals, tame, break in, twice in Refs 8th c.BC+, in middle, ἡμίονον.. ἥτ᾽ ἀλγίστη δαμάσασθαι Refs 8th c.BC+:—later in active, Refs 5th c.BC+ —passive Refs __I.2 of metals, work, σίδαρον Refs 5th c.BC+; of land, clear, Refs 2nd c.AD+ __II of maidens, make subject to a husband, ἀνδρὶ δάμασσεν Refs 8th c.BC+:—middle, force, seduce, Refs [same place]:—passive, Refs 8th c.BC+ __III subdue, conquer, Refs 8th c.BC+:—passive, to be subject to another, σοί τ᾽ ἐπιπείθονται καὶ δεδμήμεσθα ἕκαστος Refs 8th c.BC+ __III.b of the gods, bring low, Refs 8th c.BC+ __III.c subdue, gain the mastery over, ἐπιθυμίαν Stob. [prev. cited] __III.2 lay low, kill, especially in fight, εἴ χ᾽ ὑπ᾽ ἐμοί γε θεὸς δαμάσῃ μνηστῆρας Refs 8th c.BC+:—passive, ὑπ᾽ ἐμοὶ δμηθέντα Refs 8th c.BC+ __III.3 of the powers of nature, etc., overcome, overpower, ἔρος.. θυμὸν ἐνὶ στήθεσσιν... ἐδάμασσεν Refs:—middle, δαμασσάμενος φρένας οἴνῳ Refs 8th c.BC+:—passive, to be overcome, αἴθρῳ καὶ καμάτῳ δεδμημένον Refs 8th c.BC+dead, Refs 5th c.BC+ __IV ἀγῶνα δαμάσσαι ἔργῳ win it, Refs 5th c.BC+ __V οὐ μήποτε τοῦτο δαμῇ, εἶναι μὴ ἐόντα it shall never be proved that.., Refs 4th c.BC+ (δᾰμᾰ-: δμη- underlies δάμνημι, ἐδάμα(σ)σα, δέδμημα; δαμάζω is a post-Homeric form of present; cf. Sanskrit dā´myati 'to be tamed', damitar- 'tamer', etc.)

Included with: πρᾶος, ον, also πρᾱΰς, Ionic dialect πρηΰς, εῖα, ΰ:—πρᾶος supplies singular in Attic dialect, Trag., and Comedy texts, except that the feminine is always πραεια (πρᾶος as feminine only in Refs 1st c.AD+; but singular πραΰς, Ionic dialect πρηΰς, is used in Epic dialect and Lyric poetry (also in LXX+5th c.BC+:—plural, nominative πρηέες Refs 5th c.BC+ written for πραείαις Refs 3rd c.AD+; accusative πραεῖς Refs 5th c.BC+: comparative πραότερος Refs 5th c.BC+, Ionic dialect πρηΰτ- Refs 5th c.BC+: superlative πραότατος Refs 5th c.BC+; Epic dialect and Ionic dialect πρηΰτατος Refs 3rd c.BC+. (The ι subscr. is frequently written in codices, but Πρᾶος is written in Refs 4th c.BC+; πραύτερος is found once in codices, Refs 5th c.BC+:—mild, soft, gentle (not in Refs 8th c.BC+ __1 of things, πρηῢ σέλας Refs 5th c.BC+; mild, πυρετοί Hp.[same place]; ἰητρείη πρηεῖα Refs; of sound, soft, gentle, τὴν φωνὴν πραοτέραν ποιοῦνται Refs 5th c.BC+; ὠδῖνεςRefs 1st c.BC+ __2 of persons, mild, gentle, meek, πραῢς ἀστοῖς Refs 5th c.BC+; πρὸς τοὺς οἰκείους π.Refs; especially after having been angry, Refs 5th c.BC+; ὁ θὴρ ὅδ᾽ ἡμῖν π., of Dionysus, Refs 5th c.BC+; of a horse, gentle, ἀλλήλοις πραότεροι Refs 5th c.BC+; of other animals, tame, ἰχθύων μεγάλων καὶ πραέων Refs 5th c.BC+ __3 of actions, feelings, etc., mild, τιμωρίαι πραότεραι Refs 5th c.BC+; τὰ πραέα caresses, Refs 5th c.BC+; πραότερα πάσχειν Refs __II making mild, taming, φάρμακον πραῢ τείνων ἀμφὶ γένυι, of a bridle, Refs 5th c.BC+ __III adverb πράως, mildly, gently, πράως πείθειν τινά, φέρειν τι, Refs 5th c.BC+; πράως λέγειν τὸ πάθος to speak lightly of it, Refs 5th c.BC+; πράως διακεῖσθαι, opposed to ὀργίζεσθαι, Refs 4th c.BC+; in physical sense, gently, Refs 5th c.BC+; πραοτέρως (variant{-υτέρως}) ἔχειν τινί Refs 1st c.AD+: superlative, φέρειν.. ὡς πραότωτα Refs 5th c.BC+: later form πραέως (πράως [Ἀττικοί], οὐ πραέως Refs 2nd c.BC+, etc.: Ionic dialect πρηέως conjecture in Refs 3rd c.AD+. (Cogn. with Sanskrit prīṇā´ti 'love, give pleasure to', Gothic frijon 'love', frijonds 'friend'.)

σκολιός, ά, όν, curved, bent (opposed to ὀρθός, εὐθύς), σ. σίδηρος Refs 5th c.BC+; of rivers and paths, winding, ποταμός Refs 5th c.BC+; οἶμος, ἀτραπός, etc., Refs 4th c.BC+; twisted, tangled, βάτος Refs 4th c.BC+; ἐς τὸ σ. Refs 5th c.BC+ __2 bent sideways, δουλείη κεφαλή, σκολιή Refs 6th c.BC+; ἵππος σ. crooked made or going askew, Refs 5th c.BC+ __II metaphorically, crooked, i.e. unjust, unrighteous, θέμιστες Refs 8th c.BC+; μῦθοι, δίκαι, Refs 8th c.BC+; αἰ σκολιὰν (i.e. ῥήτραν) ὁ δᾶμος ἕλοιτο, Spartan law cited in Refs 6th c.BC+; riddling, obscure, ῥημάτια Refs 2nd c.AD+ makes the crooked one straight, Refs 8th c.BC+; τυφλὰ καὶ σ. Refs; σκολιά, τά, indirect methods, Refs 1st c.BC+. adverb σκολιῶς Refs 8th c.BC+ __III σκολιόν, τό, intestine, σπλάγχανα καὶ νεφρὸν καὶ σκολιόν Refs 5th c.BC+

συγ-κλείω, future -κλείσω: Ionic dialect συγ-κληΐω, fut -κληΐσω: old Attic dialect ξυγκλήω, future -κλῄσω: Epic dialect aorist συνεκλήϊσσα Refs 4th c.AD+ —passive, aorist συνεκλείσθην, old Attic dialect ξυνεκλῄσθην: perfect συγκέκλειμαι Refs 5th c.BC+, but -εισμαι Refs 5th c.BC+; old Attic dialect ξυνκέκλῃμαι, Ionic dialect συγκεκλήιμαι (see. below):—shut or coop up, hem in, enclose, Refs 5th c.BC+; πρὶν συγκλεῖσαι (i.e. τοὺς ἰχθῦς τοῖς δικτύοις) Refs 4th c.BC+; σ. [θεοὺς] τῇ ὕλῃ include them in matter, Refs 1st c.AD+; [ἡ πολεμία] δυνέκλῃε διὰ μέσου shut off and intercepted them, Refs 5th c.BC+:—passive, λίμνη συγκεκληιμένη πάντοθεν ὄρεσι Refs 5th c.BC+; ξυγκεκλῃμένη πέπλοις close muffled, Refs 5th c.BC+ __2 generally, of straits or difficulties, τινὰ εἰς ἀγῶνα Refs 2nd c.BC+ —passive, συγκλείεσθαι ὑπὸ τῶν καιρῶν, τῶν πραγμάτων, Refs; εἰς χαλεπὸν.. συγκεκλεισμένος βίον 'cabin'd, cribb'd, confined', Refs 4th c.BC+ __3 pit against one another, set to fight as in the lists, οἳ σὲ καὶ Ἑρμιόναν ἔριδι.. ξυνέκλῃσαν Refs 5th c.BC+ __4 ὁ συγκλείων,= smith, LXXpassive, χρυσίον συγκεκλεισμένονLXX __II shut close, close, στόμα Refs 5th c.BC+; [τὰ βλέφαρα] Refs 5th c.BC+; ξ. τὰς πύλας Refs 5th c.BC+ shut the doors, Refs 5th c.BC+; σ. τὰ δικαστήρια close the courts, Refs 5th c.BC+; σ. τοὺς ὀφθαλμούς close them up by blows, Refs 4th c.BC+:—passive, τὸ δεσμωτήριον συνεκέκλειστο Refs 5th c.BC+; of bivalve fish, Refs 4th c.BC+; of eyebrows, come together, Refs 5th c.BC+; of wounds, Refs 1st c.AD+ __II.2 intransitive in active, ὥρας ἤδη συγκλειούσης as the season was now closing in, i.e. the days becoming shorter, Refs 2nd c.BC+ __III close jointly, συνανοιγόντων καὶ συγκλειόντων Refs __IV σ. τὰς ἀσπίδας lock their shields, Refs 5th c.BC+: hence, absolutely, close up the ranks, Refs 5th c.BC+; τὸ διάκενον καὶ οὐ ξυγκλῃσθέν the part that was not closed up, of a gap in the line, Refs __IV.2 connect closely together, τὰ ἀνόμοια ἁρμονίᾳ συγκεκλεῖς θαι Refs 5th c.BC+; ἐν ἄρθροις συγκεκλῃμένον καλῶς well linked or compacted, Refs 5th c.BC+; ς. (i.e. τὴν πόλιν) εἰς ταὐτόν Refs 5th c.BC+:—passive, συγκλεισθήσονται ταῖς τε ἐπιγαμίαις καὶ ἐγκτήσεσι παρ᾽ ἀλλήλοις Refs 5th c.BC+ __V conclude, complete, λόγον, διάνοιαν, Refs 2nd c.AD+ —passive Refs

† [בָּרֹד] adj. spotted, marked (as if sprinkled with hail? so Ki cf. LagBN 29; Syriac ܒܳܪܕܳܐ, i.e. grandinatus, grêlé, PS), mpl. of sheep & goats עֲקֻדִּים נְקֻדִּים וּבְרֻדִּים Gn 31:10, 12; horses Zc 6:3, 6.

† חוּם adj. darkened, dark brown or black, only of colour of sheep (in Gn 30, J);—וכל־שֶׂה־חוּם בכשׂבים Gn 30:32, וְחוּם בכ׳ Gn 30:33, 35, וכל־חוּם בְּצֹאן Gn 30:40 (cl. prob. interpol. Ol Hup De We Di).

† חָלָק adj. smooth— 1. lit. אִישׁ חָלָק Gn 27:11 (J), smooth man (opp. אישׁ שָׂעִר); הָהָר הֶחָלָק Jos 11:17; 12:7 the bald mt. (both D); southern limit of Jos.’s conquest, identif. dub.; (1) white cliffs 8 m. S. of Dead Sea, and (2) Mt. Mâdara SW. from Pass es-Ṣafâ are proposed, v. Di.; as subst. חַלְּקֵי־נַחַל Is 57:6 (v. i. חֵלָק, 4) smooth (stones) of a brook-bed (ravine, wady), i.e. thou worshippest common round stones (contempt., v. Che Di). 2. fig. of mouth uttering smooth words וְחָלָק מִשֶּׁמֶן חִכָּהּ Pr 5:3 cf. 26:28. 3. as subst. = flattery מִקְסַם חָלָק Ez 12:24 divination of flattery or of a flatterer.

† מַרְבֵּק n.[m.] stall (lit. tying-place);—עֲגָלִים מִתּוֹךְ מ׳ Am 6:4 calves out of the stall (where they were fattened); עֵגֶל־מ׳ 1 S 28:24 i.e. a stall-fed, fatted, calf; so כְּעֶגְלֵי מ׳ Mal 3:20 (sim. of prosperity), Je 46:21 (sim. of well-fed and arrogant mercenaries).

† I. [מָרַק] vb. scour, polish (NH id.; Aramaic ܡܪܰܩ, מְרַק; cf. Arabic مَرَقَ scrape off wool from a skin);— Qal Imv. מִרְקוּ הָֽרְמָחִים Je 46:4 polish the lances! Pt. pass. מָרוּק 2 Ch 4:16 polished, of bronze utensils of temple (=מְמוֹרָט 1 K 7:45). Pu. Pf. וּמֹרַק consec. Lv 6:21 be well scoured, of bronze vessel (‖ וְשֻׁטַּף בַּמָּ֑יִם). Hiph. Impf. 3 fs. תַּמְרִיק only Pr 20:30 Kt, fig., in cl. חַבֻּרוֹת פֶּצַע ת׳ בְּרָ֑ע blows that cut in, cleanse away evil (cf. De Now Wild VB); Qr תַּמְרוּק i.e. (are) a cleansing. (𝔊 συναντᾷ κακοῖς, whence Gr תַּקְדִּים, Frankenb. תִּקְרֶינָה, but improb.).

† [פָּעַר] vb. open wide (the mouth) (NH rarely = BH, usually open bowels, go to stool; cf. J Aram. פְּעַר; Arabic فَعَرَ and Syriac ܦܥܰܪ = BH, ܦܶܥܪܳܐ chasm);— Qal Pf. of voracious greed, fig. 3 fs. וּפָֽעֲרָה פִּיהָ Is 5:14 (of Sheôl), 3 pl. פָּֽעֲרוּ עָלַי בְּפִיהֶם (Ges§ 119 q) Jb 16:10; of eager desire (good sense), פִּיהֶם פָּֽעֲרוּ 29:23, פִּי־פָעַרְתִּי ψ 119:131.

† [צָחִיחַ] n.[m.] shining, glaring, surface cstr. צְחִיחַ סֶלַע i.e. a smooth, bare, rock Ez 24:7, 8; 26:4, 14; pl. בַּצְּחִיחִים Ne 4:7 Qr (Kt בַּצְּחִחִיִים), in glaring, bare places (?).

ζεστός, ή, όν, (ζέω) seethed, boiled, κρέα ζ. καὶ ὀπτά Refs 2nd c.AD+ __II hot, ὕδωρ Refs 2nd c.BC+; ὕδατα ζ., of hot springs, Refs 1st c.BC+; opposed to χλιαρός, Refs 2nd c.AD+; λίθος Ps.-Refs 1st c.AD+; εἰ δὲ -οτέρας κράσεως δέοιντο if they want the oil-bath hotter, NT+1st c.AD+

κατακᾰλύπτω, cover up, κατά τε κνίσῃ ἐκάλυψαν (i.e. μηρούς) Refs 8th c.BC+; Ἴδην δὲ κατὰ νεφέεσσι κRefs 8th c.BC+ —middle, κατὰ κρᾶτα καλυψάμενος γοάασκεν having covered his head, Refs 8th c.BC+; so -καλυψάμενος alone, Refs 5th c.BC+; κἂν κατακεκαλυμμένος τις γνοίη even one veiled would perceive, Refs 5th c.BC+

περι-κᾰλύπτω, cover all round, πολέμοιο νέφος περὶ πάντα καλύπτει Refs 8th c.BC+; τινὰ ἱματίοισι or ἐν ἱματίῳ, Refs 5th c.BC+; τὸ θνητὸν περικάλυπτε τῷ θεῷ (i.e. Διονύσῳ), i.e. get drunk, Refs 4th c.BC+ —middle and passive, cover oneself all round, Refs __II put round as a covering, αὐτῷ.. περὶ κῶμα κάλυψα put sleep as a cloak around him, Refs 8th c.BC+; τὸ σῶμα [ψυχῇ] LXX+5th c.BC+ throw a veil of darkness over the deeds, Refs 5th c.BC+

πυρρός, ά (Ionic dialect ή), όν, but Trag. and Doric dialect πυρσός, ή (Doric dialect ά), όν, Refs 5th c.BC+; rare in Prose, Refs 1st c.AD+: (πῦρ):— flame-coloured, yellowish-red (πυρρὸν ξανθοῦ τε καὶ φαιοῦ κράσει γίγνεται Refs 5th c.BC+. the yolk of an egg, Refs 5th c.BC+; ἡ λευκότης γίγνεται πυρρή Refs 5th c.BC+ of sediment in urine, Refs __2 especially of persons with red hair, Refs 6th c.BC+; of the colour of the first beard, γενειάς A.[same place]; γένυες Refs 5th c.BC+; [θρίξ] Refs 3rd c.BC+ __3 generally, tawny, λέων NT+5th c.BC+; τὰ χρώματα τῶν κυνῶν Refs 5th c.BC+ __4 of more positive colour, red, χλανίς LXX+5th c.BC+; τὸ π. redness, Refs 5th c.BC+ —_Epic dialect_ _comparative_ (for πυρρότερα), πῠρώτερα φοινίσσεσθαι to be of a brighter red, Refs 4th c.BC+ __5 blushing, Refs 5th c.BC+; also κύων.. πύρσ᾽ ἔχουσα δέργματα glaring with bloodshot eyes, Refs 5th c.BC+ __II paroxytone Πύρρος, ὁ, “Pyrrhus”, as proper name; also Πύρϝος, name of a horse, Refs 6th c.BC+

σῑτ-ευτός, ή, όν, fed up, fatted, παῖδες Refs 5th c.BC+; of beasts, NT+4th c.BC+

φράσσω, Attic dialect φράττω Refs 5th c.BC+future φράξω Refsaorist ἔφραξα, Epic dialect φράξα Refs 8th c.BC+, Attic dialect infinitive φάρξαι Refsparticiple δια-φάρξαςRefs: perfect πέφρᾰκα Refs 8th c.BC+: pluperfect ἐμ-πεφράκεσαν Refs 1st c.AD+:—middle, see at {φράγνυμι}; future φράξομαι (ἐμ-) Refs 2nd c.AD+aorist ἐφραξάμην, Epic dialect φρ- Refs 8th c.BC+ —passive, future φραχθήσομαι NT+2nd c.AD+: aorist 1 ἐφράχθην Refs 8th c.BC+aorist 2 ἐφράγην [ᾰ], subjunctive φρᾰγῇ NT, participle φρᾰγείς Refs 2nd c.BC+: perfect πέφραγμαι Refs 5th c.BC+: pluperfect ἐπεφράγμην Refs 2nd c.AD+, 3rd.pers. singular ἐπέφρακτο Refs 8th c.BC+aorist active, passive, and middle The Attic dialect spellings πεφαργμένος and ἐφάρξαντοRefs by nature, for it does not become η in Ionic dialect]:— fence in, hedge round, hence with collateral notion of defence, secure, fortify, ῥινοῖσι βοῶν φράξαντες ἐπάλξεις having fenced the battlements with shields, Refs 8th c.BC+; φράξε δέ μιν [τὴν σχεδίην] ῥίπεσσι he fenced it with mats, to keep out the water, Refs 8th c.BC+; ἔρνεσι φ. χεῖρα fill them full with wreaths of victory, Refs 5th c.BC+ —middle, φράξαντο δὲ νῆας ἕρκεϊ χαλκείῳ they fencedin their ships, Refs 8th c.BC+; but ἐφράξαντο τὸ τεῖχος they strengthened it, Refs 5th c.BC+: absolutely, strengthen one's fortifications, Refs 5th c.BC+in battle-array, Refs —passive, φραχθέντες σάκεσιν fenced with shields, Refs 8th c.BC+; of the Nile, to be embanked, Refsfortified, prepared for defence, Refs 5th c.BC+; of a person, armed, ἀσπιδίτης καὶ πεφρ. Refs 5th c.BC+ having the defence of hope, conjecture in Refs __II put up as a fence, φράξαντες δόρυ δουρί, σάκος σάκεϊ joining spear close to spear, shield to shield, Refs 8th c.BC+; φράξαντες τὰ γέρρα having put up the shields as a close, thick fence, Refs 5th c.BC+ —middle πάγας ὑπερκότους ἐφραξάμεσθα conjecture in Refs 4th c.BC+ __II.2 σχάσασαι τὴν οὐρὰν καὶ φ., of dogs, Refs 5th c.BC+ __III stop up, block, τὴν ὁδόν Refs 5th c.BC+ —passive, ὑπὸ ῥευμάτων φραχθείς [ὁ πλεύμων] Refs 5th c.BC+ __III.2 metaphorically, bar, stop, τὸ ἡγεμονικόν Refs 2nd c.AD+:—passive, ἵνα πᾶν στόμα φραγῇ NT

† אַדְמוֹנִי adj. red, ruddy, of Esau as newborn babe Gn 25:25 (whence name Edom acco. to E? cf. Di); of youth 1 S 16:12; 17:42 (אַדְמֹנִי).

† דָּשֵׁן adj. fat, דָּשֵׁן Is 30:23 (‖ שָׁמֵן), of לֶחֶם as product of ground; fig. of righteous as trees דְּשֵׁנִים ψ 92:15 (‖ רעננים) fat, full of oil (?) or sap (Che; cf. דֶּשֶׁן Ju 9:9); as subst. vigorous, stalwart ones (opp. יוֹרְדֵי עָפָר cf. Che) ψ 22:30 דִּשְׁנֵי־ אֶרֶץ (Brüll שֹׁכְנֵי, RenanHist. iii. 134 ישְׁבֵי).

† זַלְעָפָה n.f. raging heat (on format. cf. GesLbg 863 Ol§ 196 a. 1. 2)—ז׳ ψ 119:53; pl. abs. זִלְעָפוֹת ψ 11:6; cstr. זִלְעֲפוֹת La 5:10;— 1. of fever heat of famine ז׳ רָעָב La 5:10. 2. of burning wind רוּח ז׳ ψ 11:6 (in fig. of י׳’s judgment, with אֵשׁ, גָּפְרִית). 3. fig. of zeal ז׳ אֲחָזַתְנִי ψ 119:53.

† [טָפַל] vb. smear or plaster (over), stick, glue (NH id., besmear, plaster; Aramaic טְפַל id., fig. attack; טְפֵילָא mortar; ܛܰܦܶܠ defile; Assyrian ṭapâlu, besmear (?), DlPr 48; HWB)— Qal Pf. 3 pl. טָֽפְלוּ ψ 119:69; Impf. 2 ms. וַתִּטְפֹּל Jb 14:17; Pt. pl. cstr. טֹפְלֵי Jb 13:4;—טָֽפְלוּ עָלַי שֶׁקֶר זֵדִים ψ 119:69 insolent men have plastered falsehood over me, ‘making his real character unrecognisable’ (De); טֹפְלֵי שֶׁקֶר Jb 13:4 ye are falsehood-plasterers (‖ רֹפְאֵי אֱלִל); cf. Assyrian amât tašḳirti ṭapilti Ullusum, a speech of falsehood besmearing Ullusum, DlPr 48; וַתִּטְפֹּל עַל־עֲוֹנִי Jb 14:17 and thou hast glued over mine iniquity, i.e. glued it up, for safe keeping against the day of reckoning (‖ חָתֻם בִּצְרוֹר פִּשְׁעִי).

† כַּרְמִיל n.[m.] crimson, carmine, i.e. crimson stuff, cloth; late (prob. Pers. loan-word, and a deriv. from Pers. كِرْم worm, v. De ZLuth. Th. 1878, 593);—only 2 Ch 2:6, 13; 3:14 (in all + אַרְגָּמָן(-וָן), תְּכֵלֶת, 2:13; 3:14 + בּוּץ also); read perhaps also for כַּרְמֶל Ct 7:6 (‖ אַרְגָּוָן: so Gi, of hair formed spirally, like shell-fish; Gr, of glossy hair).

† I. [סָכַר] vb. shut up, stop up (Aramaic סְכַר, ܣܟܰܪ shut up, stop up, dam up; Arabic سَكَرَ fill, stop up, dam (river), etc., also close, stop up door, Lane1390; Assyrian sikệru, dam up, ii. 2. stop ears; cf. sikkuru, bolt DlHWB 499; appar. kindr. with סגר;—hence Egyptian t’akar, barrier, Bondi88);— Niph. Impf. 3 ms. יִסָּכֵר פִּי וגו׳ ψ 63:12 the mouth of liars shall be stopped; 3 mpl. וַיִּסָּֽכְרוּ Gn 8:2 (P) and the springs of the deep etc., were shut up. Pi. Pf. וְסִכַּרְתִּ֫י אֶת־מִצְרַיִם בְּיַד Is 19:4 and I will shut up (deliver) Egypt into the hand of, etc. (cf. סגר, מגן).

† עָבָה vb. be thick, fat, gross (NH Pi. עִבָּה make thick, and deriv.; Syriac ܥܒܳܐ swell up, pt. pass. swollen, thick, dense, stupid, and many deriv.; Arabic غَبِىَ be dense, stupid, أَغُبَى dense foliage; Ethiopic ዐብየ: be great Di985);— Qal Pf. 3 ms. קָֽטֳנִּי ע׳ מִמָּתְנֵי אָבִי 1 K 12:10 my little finger is thicker (stouter) than, etc., = 2 Ch 10:10; be thick, gross, of rebell. Isr. under fig. of highly fed beast, 2 ms. שָׁמַנְתָּ עָבִּיתָ כָּשִׂיתָ Dt 32:15.

† צֶ֫בַע n.[m.] dye, dyed stuff;—cstr. צ׳ רִקְמָתַיִם Ju 5:30 (perhaps del. צ׳, cf. GFM); pl. שְׁלַל צְבָעִים booty of dyed stuffs v 30(×2).

† צָהֹב adj. gleaming, yellow (of hair);—שֵׂעָר צ׳ Lv 13:30, 32, 36 (opp. שׂ׳ שָׁחֹר v 31, 37).

† [צֹאִי] adj. filthy;—pl. צוֹאִים Zc 3:3, צֹאִים v 4 (both of garments).

רַק †1. adj. thin;—fpl. רַקּוֹת, of kine, Gn 41:19, 20, 27 (‖ v 3, 4 דַּקּוֹת). 2. 109 adv. with restrictive force, only, altogether, surely (syn. אַךְ);— a. only, Gn 14:24; 41:40 רַק הַכִּסֵּא אֶגְדַּל מִמֶּךָּ only as regards the throne, etc., 47:22 רַק אַדְמַת הַכֹּהֲנִים לֹא קָנָה, 50:8; Ex 8:5 רַק בַּיְאֹר תִּשָּׁאַרְנָח, 10:17 וְיָסֵר מֵעָלַי רַק הַמָּוֶת הַזֶּה only this death, Dt 2:35 (cf. 20:14; Jos 8:2, 27), 3:11; Ju 6:39 (cf. אַךְ ib. Gn 18:32; Ex 10:17), 11:34 (circ. cl.) רַק הִיא יְחִידָה (there being) only she, an only one, 1 S 1:13; Am 3:2 רק אתכם ידעתי only you have I known, etc., Jb 1:15, 16, 17, 19 וָאִמָּֽלְטָה רַק אֲנִי לְבַדִּי I only, ψ 91:8 + often. Once strengthening אַךְ, †Nu 12:2 הֲרַק אַךְ־בְּמשֶׁה דִּבֶּר י׳. And separated (as sometimes in English) from the word actually emphasized, Pr 13:10 רַק בְּזָדוֹן יִתֵּן מַצָּה by pride there only cometh [נָתַן 1 z] contention. b. prefixed to sentences, to add a limitation on sthg. previously expressed (or implied), Gn 19:8 only to these men do nothing, 24:8 רַק אֶת־בְּנִי לֹא־תָשֵׁב הֵ֫נָּה, Ex 8:24 I will let you go …, only go not far, v 25 Nu 20:19 only—it is nothing—let me pass through on my feet (cf. Dt 2:28); especially in Deut. writers, as Dt 10:15; 12:15; 20:16; 1 K 3:2, 3 (cf. 2 K 12:4; 14:4; 15:4, 35), 8:19; 11:13; 15:14, 23; 2 K 3:2 (cf. 14:3; 17:2), etc., Is 4:1; emphasizing a command, Dt 4:9; 12:16, 23 Jos 1:7, 18; 6:18; 13:6; 22:5 (all D2). c. emphasizing single words, especially adjj., only = nought but, altogether, Gn 6:5 יֵצֶר מַחְשְׁבוֹת לִבּוֹ רַק רַע is only evil, i.e. exclusively evil, nought but evil, Gn 26:29 עָשִׂינוּ עִמְּךָ רַק טוֹב nothing but good, Dt 28:33 וְהָיִיתָ רַק עָשׁוּק, Is 28:19 רַק זְוָעָה it shall be nought but terror to, etc., 1 K 14:8 (cf. אַךְ 2 b β); sq. an adv. Dt 28:13 וְהָיִיתָ רַק לְמַ֫עְלָה above only; sq. a vb., Ju 14:16 thou dost but hate me. †d. after a neg., save, except (syn. כִּי אִם 2 a), 1 K 8:9 (= 2 Ch 5:10) אֵין בָּאָרוֹן רַק שְׁנֵי לֻחוֹת הָאֲבָנִים, 15:5; 22:16 (= 2 Ch 18:15), 2 K 17:18. †e. with an affirmative, asseverative force, only, altogether = surely, Gn 20:11 רַק אֵין יִרְאַת אלהים במקום הזה, Dt 4:6 (so EV; but Ges populus mere sapiens, so Di), 1 K 21:25 2 Ch 28:10 ψ 32:6 רַק לְשֶׁטֶף מים רבים אליו לא יַגִּ֑יעוּ. †f. רַק אִם (רַק prefixed for emph.) if only, provided only, Dt 15:5 רַק אִם שׁמוע תשׁמע וג׳, 1 K 8:25 (= 2 Ch 6:16) רַק אִם ישׁמרו בניך דרכם ללכת וג׳, 2 K 21:8 (= 2 Ch 33:8).

ἀκατα-κάλυπτος, ον, uncovered, LXX+2nd c.BC+

ἀστράπτω (compare στράπτω), Epic dialect imperfect ἀστράπτεσκονRefs 2nd c.BC+: future ἀστράψωRefs 5th c.BC+: aorist ἤστραψαRefs 8th c.BC+:—lighten, hurl lightnings, frequently of omens sent by Zeus, ἀστράπτων ἐπιδέξι᾽Refs 8th c.BC+ __2 impersonal, ἀστράπτει it lightens, ἤστραψε it lightened, οὐρανοῦ δ᾽ ἄπο ἤστραψεRefs 5th c.BC+ __II flash or glance like lightning, πᾶς γὰρ ἀστράπτει χαλινόςRefs 5th c.BC+; κατάχαλκον ἀ. πεδίον gleams with brass, Refs 5th c.BC+; of the face, εἶδον τὴν ὄψιν.. ἀστράπτουσανRefs 5th c.BC+; of flowers, ἀνεμωνίδες ἀστράπτουσαι bright, Refs 2nd c.BC+ flashed flame from his eyes, Refs 4th c.BC+ __II.2 of persons, to be brilliant, conspicuous, ἔν τινιRefs 3rd c.AD+ __III transitive, consume with lightning, uncertain in Refs 5th c.BC+ __III.2 illuminate, τι Refs 5th c.AD+

ἐκκλείω, Ionic dialect ἐκκληΐω or ἐκκλήω, old Attic dialect ἐκκλήω: Attic dialect future - κλῄσω Refs 5th c.BC+: Doric dialect aorist 1 - κλᾳξα Refs: perfect ἐκκέκλεικα Refs 4th c.BC+:—shut out from, c.genitive, ἐ. ἄλλον ἄλλοσε στέγης E. [prev. cited]:—passive, to be shut out, Refs __2 metaphorically, shut out, exclude from, πόλιν τῆς μετοχῆς Refs 5th c.BC+; τῆς συμμαχίας, τῶν ὅρκων, Refs 4th c.BC+: with accusative et infinitive, ἐξέκλειον λόγου τυγχάνειν τοὺς ἄλλους Refs 4th c.BC+ __3 hinder, prevent, τῷ καιρῷ τὴν κατηγορίαν Refs 2nd c.BC+ —passive, ἐκκληϊόμενοι τῇ ὥρῃ being prevented by [want of] time, Refs 5th c.BC+: with infinitive, ἐ. ποιεῖν τι Refs 4th c.BC+ __4 shut off, cut off, ζωῆς ὁδούς Refs 3rd c.AD+

ἐρυθρός, ά, όν, [ῠ by nature, Refs 5th c.BC+; but the metre requires -ότερος in Refs 4th c.BC+:— red, νέκταρ ἐ. Refs 8th c.BC+; κῆρυξ ἐ., a ship painted with vermilion, Oracle texts cited in Refs 5th c.BC+; ἐ. πέλανος, of blood, Refs 4th c.BC+; ἐρυθρά, τά, red pimples, eruption, Refs 5th c.BC+; but ἐ. διελθόντα red motions, Refs __2 ἐρυθρά, ἡ, =μελισσόφυλλον, Ps.-Refs 1st c.AD+; ἐρυθρός, ὁ (i.e. ῥοῠς), fruit of the ῥοῠς βυρσοδεψική, Refs 1st c.AD+ __3 ἐρυθρόν, τό, w)|ou= yolk, Refs 2nd c.AD+ __II Ἐρυθρὴ θάλασσα in Refs 5th c.BC+ the Indian Ocean, in which the Red Sea (Ἀράβιος κόλπος) is sometimes included (of the existence of the Persian Gulf he was ignorant), Refs; πόντος Ἐ. Refs 5th c.BC+—later the Red Sea only, Refs: also of the Persian Gulf, Refs 5th c.BC+; used of remote and unknown places, μόνον οὐκ ἐπὶ τὴν Ἐ. θάλατταν πρεσβείας πέμπειν Refs 4th c.BC+ sea of Erythras, accusative to Refs 2nd c.BC+. (Latin rubrofr. *rudhro-, cf. Sanskrit rudhirá-; see at {ἐρεύθω}.)

καμμύω, Epic dialect for καταμύω, variant in Refs: also in later Gr., τοὺς ὀφθαλμοὺς ἐκάμμυσαν LXX+2nd c.BC+: perfect κεκάμμυκα Refs 2nd c.AD+

λευκαίνω, late aorist 1 infinitive λευκᾶναι (see. below): perfect passive λελεύκασμαι Refs 3rd c.BC+:—make white, λεύκαινον ὕδωρ ξεστῇς ἐλάτῃσιν Refs 8th c.BC+; plaster with whitening, λευκᾶναι τὰ λευκώματα Refs:—passive, to be or become white, Refs 4th c.BC+, Diph.Siph.[same place]; to be clarified, of oil, Orib. [prev. cited] __2 cause to appear white, of the effect of dawn on lamplight, Refs 5th c.BC+ __II passive, have a sensation of whiteness, Refs 2nd c.AD+ __III intransitive, grow white, LXX+5th c.BC+; ἀφροῖο with foam, Refs 2nd c.BC+

ὀπή, ἡ, opening, hole, ὀπὰς γὰρ εἶχεν οὐκ ὀλίγας [τὸ τριβώνιον] Refs 5th c.BC+; a mouse's hole, Refs 5th c.BC+; of holes in the earth, Refs 4th c.BC+; in a door, Refs 2nd c.AD+; in a rock, LXX; of an orifice in the body, Refs 2nd c.AD+ __2 hole in the roof, serving as a chimney, ={κάπνη},{καπνοδόκη}, Refs 5th c.BC+ __II plural, in Architecture texts, holes in the frieze left to receive the beam-ends, Refs 1st c.BC+; later, of windows, lights in doors, αἱ ὀ. τῶν τοίχων Refs 5th c.BC+ __III (ὄψομαι, ὄπωπα) sight, τοὶ μήτ᾽ ἀκουὰν μήτ᾽ ὀπὰν πεπαμένοι Refs 3rd c.BC+

πυρρ-άζω, to be fiery red, of the sky, NT

ῥῠπᾰρός, ά, όν, filthy, dirty, κόλυθρον Refs 5th c.BC+; ῥ. εἴριον greasy, Refs 5th c.BC+; unpurged, σῶμα Refs 6th c.AD+ __2 metaphorically, sordid, mean, ἤδη χορηγὸν πώποτε -ώτερον τοῦδ᾽ εἶδε; Refs 5th c.BC+; uncultured, ῥ. τρόποι Refs 6th c.BC+; βίος δουλοπρεπὴς καὶ ῥ. Refs 4th c.BC+; ῥ. πολῖται, ὄχλος, Refs 1st c.BC+; of style, Refs 3rd c.AD+. adverb -ρῶςRefs 4th c.BC+: superlative -ώταταRefs 2nd c.AD+ __3 of coins, made of base metal, gold or silver alloy, ἀργυρίου ῥυπαρὰς δραχμάς Refs 2nd c.AD+ __4 κροτὼν ῥ., probably ={ἀδειγμάτιστος}, Refs 3rd c.BC+; σῖτος ῥ. unwinnowed, Refs 1st c.BC+; κριθὴ ῥ. Refs 4th c.AD+

τρῡπ-ημα, ατος, τό, that which is bored, a hole, Refs 5th c.BC+; in the ψῆφος, Refs 4th c.BC+; τ. νεώς, i. e. one of the holes through which the oars worked, Refs 5th c.BC+; in the flute, Refs 4th c.BC+; in a gate-fastening, the hole for the βάλανος, Aen. Tact. 18.3; ῥαφίδος (compare τρυμαλιά) NT+5th c.BC+

φωλ-εός, ὁ, Epic dialect genitive φωλειοῖο Refs 2nd c.BC+, Epic dialect dative φωλειοῖς Refs 3rd c.AD+:—den, lair, especially of the caves of bears, in which they hibernate, Refs 1st c.AD+; of lions, Refs 2nd c.AD+; of molluscs, Refs 4th c.BC+; of a serpent, Refs 2nd c.AD+; of foxes, NT; of animals in general, Refs 2nd c.AD+; of cave-dwellers, Refs 1st c.BC+ __II schoolhouse, Refs 5th c.AD+

† [אָבַס] vb. feed, fatten (Mish. id.;? Ass. [abâsu] DlW 46) Qal Pt. pass. fattened, אָבוּס of ox Pr 15:17; אֲבוּסִים of fowl 1 K 5:3.

† אֱדֹם n.[m.] name of a condiment (Ar. إِدَامٌ v. Anderson in Di; cf. As. adumatu? DlW) הָאֱ׳ Gn 25:30(×2) (J; so rd. for הָאָ׳ MT; v. Di).

† [דָּלָה] n.f. door, only Qr דְּלָֽתְךָ (Kt דלתיך) Is 26:20 fig., door of chamber in which people (personified) hide (cf. also דֶּלֶת du.).

† חֻר, חוּר n.[m.] id.—pl. חוּרִים Is 42:22 as hiding-places of men; s. cstr. חֻר Is 11:8 hole of asp (פָּ֑תֶן).

† I. חוּר n.[m.] white stuff (dub. whether cotton or linen, cf. כַּרְפַּס), ‖ תְּכֵלֶת:—of Mordecai’s garments בִּלְבוּשׁ מַלְכוּת תְּכֵלֶת וָחוּר Est 8:15a in a royal garment of violet and white stuff (cf. וְתַכְרִיךְ בּוּץ וְאַרְגָּמָן v b); of furnishings of royal palace of Susa ח׳ כַּרְפַּס וּתְכֵלֶת אָחוּז בְּחַבְלֵי־בוּץ וְאַרְגָּמָן 1:6 white stuff of fine linen (?) held fast by cords of byssus and purple.

† חָלָק adj. smooth— 1. lit. אִישׁ חָלָק Gn 27:11 (J), smooth man (opp. אישׁ שָׂעִר); הָהָר הֶחָלָק Jos 11:17; 12:7 the bald mt. (both D); southern limit of Jos.’s conquest, identif. dub.; (1) white cliffs 8 m. S. of Dead Sea, and (2) Mt. Mâdara SW. from Pass es-Ṣafâ are proposed, v. Di.; as subst. חַלְּקֵי־נַחַל Is 57:6 (v. i. חֵלָק, 4) smooth (stones) of a brook-bed (ravine, wady), i.e. thou worshippest common round stones (contempt., v. Che Di). 2. fig. of mouth uttering smooth words וְחָלָק מִשֶּׁמֶן חִכָּהּ Pr 5:3 cf. 26:28. 3. as subst. = flattery מִקְסַם חָלָק Ez 12:24 divination of flattery or of a flatterer.

† III. חַם adj. hot;—לחם חָ֞ם Jos 9:12 hot bread (JE), i.e. freshly baked; בגדים חַמִּים Jb 37:17 of garments heated by south wind.—1. חָם v. supr. p. 325. 2. חָם v. sub חמה.

† IV. [חמר] vb. be red (Arabic حَمَرَ ii. dye red, حُمْرَةٌ redness, reddish brown (appar. skin-colour) so Thes MV BaNB 192 al.)—only Peʿalʿal Pf. pass. פָּנַי חֳמַרְמְרֻ֯ה Jb 16:16 my face is reddened from weeping.—La 1:20; 2:11 v. I. חמר.

† [טָרִי] adj. fresh, only fs. טְרִיָּה fresh, לְחִי־חֲמוֹר טְרִיָּה Ju 15:15 the fresh jawbone of an ass, i.e. not yet dry and brittle; מַכָּה ט׳ Is 1:6 fresh, raw wound, not yet healed or even treated (so Ges Ew Brd Di Du; festering De Che).

† [יִפְעָה] n.f. brightness, splendour, יִפְעָתֶ֑ךָ Ez 28:7, 17 of prince and king of Tyre.

† [מֵחַ] n.[m.] fatling (Ph. מח fat (adj.); NH מֵיחָא fig. of choice flour);—only pl. abs.: עֹלוֹת מֵיחִים ψ 66:15 burnt offerings of fatlings; so מֵחִים Is 5:17 (‖ כְּבָשִׂים) according to Hi Du CheHpt (read חֳרָבוֹת and del. גָּרִים); most, fat ones, fig. for rich men.

† מַמְתַֿקִּים n.[m.]pl. sweetness = sweet things;—of drinks וּשְׁתוּ מ׳ Ne 8:10 (‖ אִכְלוּ מַשְׁמַנִּים); of lover’s kisses חִכּוֹ מ׳ Ct 5:16 (‖ כֻּלּוֹ מַחֲמַדִּים).

† II. [סוּךְ, סִיךְ] vb. hedge, or fence about, shut in (‖ form of שׂוּךְ; prob. not connected with Arabic شَوْكٌ, Ethiopic ሦክ thorns; poss. cf. Syriac ܣܳܟ finish, Pa. ܣܰܝܶܟ finish, conclude, comprehend, and Arabic سَكَّ close, close up, stop, stop up, lock up, Lane 1386);— Qal (al. Hiph., but cf. שׂוּךְ) Impf. 3 ms. וַיָּ֫סֶךְ אֱלוֹהַּ בַּעֲדוֹ Jb 3:23, c. acc. + בְּ instr. וַיָּ֫סֶךְ בִּדְלָתַיִם יָ֑ם 38:8 and (who) shut in the sea with doors? (Bi Bu וּמִי סָךְ, Me מִי סָךְ).

† II. עָטַף vb. envelop oneself (Aramaism) (NH id.; Aramaic עֲטַף, ܥܛܰܦ; Ethiopic ዕጡፍ covered, also n. web, texture);— Qal Impf. 3 ms. יַעֲטָף־ ψ 73:6; 3 mpl. יַעַטְפוּ 65:14;—envelop oneself: ψ 65:14 the valleys cover themselves with corn (‖ לָבַשׁ); יַע׳־שִׁית חָמָם לָ֑מוֹ 73:6 they put on for themselves (each) a garb of violence.

† II. [עָצַם] Je 50:17. denom. Pi. עִצְּמוֹ broke his bones Je 50:17.*

† [עֲקַלְקָל] adj. intens. crooked;—fpl. אֳרָחוֹת עֲקַלְקַלּוֹת Ju 5:6 i.e. roundabout paths (GFM); sf. עֲקַלִקַלּוֹתָם ψ 125:5 their crookednesses.

† עָרֵב adj. sweet, pleasant;—ע׳ לָאִישׁ לֶחֶם שָׁ֑קֶר Pr 20:17; קוֹלֵךְ ע׳ Ct 2:14.

† [פְּתַח] vb. open (v. BH);— Pe. Pt. pass. fpl. פְּתִיחָן Dn 6:11 opened (windows). Peʿîl (WCG 225) Pf. 3 mpl. פְּתִ֫יחוּ 7:10 books were opened.

† I. צָב n.[m.] litter;—abs. צ׳, in עֶגְלֹת צָב Nu 7:3, prob. litter-wagons, i.e. wagons covered, like palanquin; pl. צַבִּים Is 66:20 litters (on Vrss cf. Di Nu).

† [צָחִיחַ] n.[m.] shining, glaring, surface cstr. צְחִיחַ סֶלַע i.e. a smooth, bare, rock Ez 24:7, 8; 26:4, 14; pl. בַּצְּחִיחִים Ne 4:7 Qr (Kt בַּצְּחִחִיִים), in glaring, bare places (?).

† קָלָל adj. burnished (from light, quick movement of rubbing?);—נְחשֶׁת ק׳ burnished brass Ez 1:7; Dn 10:6 (so most; Co, Ez, קַלּוֹת, in prefixing כַּנְפֵיהֶם from v 8; Dn then follows crpt. Ez.

† [קָרַם] vb. spread or lay something over (NH id. form a crust, so Hiph. יקרים על Ecclus 43:20; Aramaic קְרַם, ܩܪܰܡ, incrust, overlay);— Qal Pf. 1 s. וְקָרַמְתִּ֫י עֲלֵיכֶם עוֹר Ez 37:6 I will spread skin over you (i.e. the dry bones); Impf. 3 ms. וַיִּקְרַם עֲלֵיהֶם עוֹר v 8 (so Gi van d. H.; Baer וַיִּקְרָם, of which conflicting explan. Ges§§ 9 u, 294), indef. subj. instead of pass.; but read Niph. וַיִּקָּ֫רֶם 𝔖 (cf. 𝔙) Co Berthol Toy Krae.

† רָזָה vb. be or grow lean (Arabic رَذِىَ grow thin and weak);— Qal Pf. 3 ms. רָזָה Zp 2:11 obj. false gods, appar. make lean (𝔙 attenuavit; 𝔊 is ἑξολεθρεύσει), but sense strange, רִזָה (v. Arabic supr.), yet even this very doubtful. Niph. be made lean, Impf. 3 ms. מִשְׁמַן בְּשָׂרוֹ יֵרָוֶה Is 17:4.

† [רָזֶה] adj. lean (on formation cf. LagBN 49);—fs. רָזָה, Ez 34:20 (of שֶׂה; opp. בִּרְיָה), of land, = barren, Nu 13:20 (JE; opp. שְׁמֵנָה).

† רָזִי n.[m.] leanness, wasting;—רָזִי־לִי Is 24:16(×2) to me, wasting! (opp. צְבִי).

† [שׁפרור Kt, שַׁפְרִיר Qr] n.[m.

† [שָׁשֵׁר] n.[m.] red colour, vermilion (etym. unknown);—vermilion, formerly gained from kermes insect (vermiculus): מָשׁוֹחַ בַּשָּׁשַׁ֑ר Je 22:14 (𝔊 μίλτος, red ochre; 𝔙 sinopis [from city Sinopis, whence the colour came PlinNH xxxv. [6] 13], cf. ThatcherDB colours CanneyEB 1D.); חֲקֻקִים בַּשָּׁשַׁ֑ר Ez 23:14.

† שָׁתַם vb. dub.; if text correct, open (NH Aramaic שׁתם open [vessel]);—only Qal Pt. pass. cstr. הַגֶּבֶר שְׁתֻם הָעָ֑יִן Nu 24:3, 15 (poems in JE) the man opened of [mental] eye, so 𝔖 Ki Ew al. RVm; 𝔙 Röd Ke Di al. render closed of [bodily] eye, reading then implicitly שְׂתֻם (cf. סָתַם, שָׂתַם La 3:8); v. further Gray.

ἀμᾰράντινος, η, ον, of amaranth, i. e. unfading, στέφανοςRefs 2nd c.AD+ __2 unfading, imperishable, στέφανοςNT

ἀμάραντος [ᾰμᾰ], ον, (μαραίνω) unfading, λειμώνNT+2nd c.AD+; πνεῦμα probably in Refs: neuter plural as adverb, Refs 2nd c.AD+ __II substantive ἀμάραντον, τό (but in Latin amarantus), never-fading flower, Refs 2nd c.AD+; ={ἑλίχρυσον}, Refs 1st c.AD+; ={κενταύρειον μικρόν}, Ps.-Refs 1st c.AD+; ={χρυσοκόμη}. Refs

ἀνα-πτύσσω, perfect infinitive passive ἀνεπτύχθαιRefs 5th c.BC+: aorist passive ἀνεπτύχθηνRefs 5th c.BC+ 3, but -επτύγην Refs:—unfold the rollson which books were written, open for reading, ἀ. τὸ βιβλίονRefs 5th c.BC+ undo, open, Refs 5th c.BC+; ἀναπτύξασ χέρας with arms outspread, Refs 5th c.BC+:—middle, fold up, Refs 4th c.BC+ __b cut open, of freshly killed animals,Refs 1st c.AD+ __c ruminate, chew, Refs 2nd c.AD+ __2 unfold, disclose, πᾶν ἀ. πάθοςRefs 5th c.BC+ __II as military term, τὴν φάλαγγα ἀ. fold back the phalanx, i.e. deepen it by countermarching from front to rear, Refs 5th c.BC+; conversely, τὸ κέρας ἀ. open out the wing, i.e. extend the line by countermarching from rear to front, Refs 5th c.BC+

ἀνήμερ-ος, ον, not tame, wild, savage, of persons, πολιήταςNT+6th c.BC+; of a country, Refs 5th c.BC+ W., compare p.85: superlative, Refs 4th c.BC+. adverb -ρως, ἀ. τισὶ χρήσασθαιRefs 1st c.BC+

ἄνοιξις, εως, ἡ, opening, πυλῶνRefs 5th c.BC+; ἄ. τοῦ στόματος, Hebraism for παρρησία, LXX+NT

ἀποκλείω, future -κλείσωRefs 5th c.BC+: Ionic dialectἀποκληίω: Attic dialect ἀποκλήω, future -κλῃσωRefs 5th c.BC+: Doric dialect aorist imperative -κλᾳξονRefs 3rd c.BC+:—shut off from or out of, τινὰ τῶν πυλέωνRefs 5th c.BC+; ἀ. τινά shut her out, Refs 5th c.BC+:—middle, ἀ. τινὰ τῆς διαβάσεωςRefs 5th c.BC+ —passive, ἀ. τῆς διεξόδου [ὕδωρ] Refs 5th c.BC+; τοῦ ἄστεοςRefs 5th c.BC+ __2 shut out or exclude from, τούτωνRefs 5th c.BC+ —passive, ἀ. τοῦ σίτου, τῶν προσηκόντων, turn away from food, have no appetite, Refs 5th c.BC+refuse, Refs 1st c.BC+ __II with accusative only, shut up, close, τὰς πύλας, τὰ ἱρά, Refs 5th c.BC+; τὰ.. πρὸς τὴν ἠῶ ἔχοντα τό τε Πήλιον ὄρος καὶ ἡ Ὄσσα ἀποκληΐει, of Thessaly,Refs 5th c.BC+:—passive, to be closed, ἀ. αἱ πύλαιRefs 5th c.BC+; ἀ. ἡ Σκυθικὴ ὑπὸ Ἀγαθύρσων, i.e. is bounded by them, Refs; of a road, Refs 2nd c.AD+ __II.2 shut up, as if in prison, δέμαςRefs 5th c.BC+:—passive, ἀποκλεσθαι ἐν δωματίῳRefs 5th c.BC+ __II.3 shut out, ἀ. τὴν ὄψιν intercept, Refs 5th c.BC+; ἀ. τὴν βλάστην τοῦ πτεροῦ bar its growth, Refs 5th c.BC+:— passive, τὸ φῶς ἀποκέκλεισταιRefs 4th c.BC+

διέξ-οδος, ἡ, outlet, passage, Refs 5th c.BC+; διέξοδοι ὁδῶν passage-ways, Refs; ἀνέμων διέξοδοι (through the body), Refs 5th c.BC+; way out from, NT+5th c.BC+; of the main roads out of a town, Refs; δ. ὑδάτων, of a spring, LXX; of tears,LXX __2 pathway, orbit, of the sun, Refs 5th c.BC+; τρεῖς ἡλίου διέξοδοι three days, Refs 5th c.BC+; of planets, Refs 4th c.BC+; δ. τῶν βουλευμάτων the paths of his counsels, Refs 5th c.BC+; δ. τῆς φύσεως, τῆς οὐσίας, Refs 1st c.BC+ __3 issue, event, δ. λαβεῖν Refs 2nd c.BC+ __4 means of escape, πάσας δ. διεξελθών Refs 5th c.BC+; δ. πραγμάτων way out of difficulties, Refs 3rd c.BC+ __5 in Medicine texts, evacuation, Refs 5th c.BC+ __II detailed narrative or description, ἡ τοῦ λόγου δ. the course of the narrative or argument, Refs 5th c.BC+; exposition, Refs 1st c.BC+; ἡ διὰ στοιχείου δ. description by resolving into elements, Refs 5th c.BC+; κατὰ διέξοδον in detail, Refs 2nd c.AD+narratives, tales, Refs 5th c.BC+ __III military evolution, δ. τακτικαί Refs 2nd c.AD+ __III.2 excursion, Refs 5th c.BC+ __III.3 repeated experiment, Refs 2nd c.AD+

ἐξαστράπτω, flash as with lightning, LXX+NT; of the sun's light, Zos.Alch.Refs 5th c.BC+

ἐπικᾰλύπτ-ω, cover over, cover up, shroud, κακὸν δ᾽ ἐπὶ κῶμα καλύπτει variant in Refs; of snow covering a track, Refs 5th c.BC+:— passive, to be covered over, veiled, ἡ ἐπωνυμία ἐπικεκάλυπται 5th-6th c.BC: Plato Philosophus “Cratylus” 395b; ἐπικαλύπτεσθαι τὸν νοῦν πάθει ἢ ὕπνῳ is darkened, obscured, Refs __II. put as a covering over, βλεφάρων φᾶρος Refs 5th c.BC+ —passive, τῶν βλεφάρων -κεκαλυμμένων when the eyelids are drawn down, Refs

Transliteration of Hebrew פְּתַח 'to open' [H6606]. Not in LSJ.

ἤπῐος, α, ον, also ος, ον Refs 8th c.BC+ __1 of persons, gentle, kind, πατὴρ ὣς ἤπιος αἰεί Refs 8th c.BC+; of a monarch, ἀγανὸς καὶ ἤRefs 8th c.BC+; of the gods, σωτῆρας.. ἠπίους θ᾽ ἡμῖν μολεῖν Refs 5th c.BC+; οὐδέ πω ἤπιος appeased, NT __2 of feelings, words, etc., εἴ μοι κρείων Ἀγαμέμνων ἤπια εἰδείη had kindly feeling towards me, Refs 8th c.BC+; μῦθος ἤ. Refs 8th c.BC+; ὀργαί, φρένες, Refs 5th c.BC+ __3 of heat and cold, mild, less intense, τὸ πνῖγος -ώτερον γέγονεν Refs 5th c.BC+; ἠπιώτεραι αἱ θέρμαι, of a fever, Refs 5th c.BC+; τὰ τοῦ πυρετοῦ ἤπιαRefs 4th c.BC+; of river-currents, -ώτερα ῥεύματα Refs 4th c.BC+ __II active, soothing, assuaging, φάρμακα Refs 8th c.BC+; opposed to ἰσχυρά, Refs 5th c.BC+; ἀκέσματα Refs 5th c.BC+; ποτήματα soft drinks, opposed to φαρμακώδη καὶ δριμέα, Refs 2nd c.AD+: superlative, Refs 1st c.BC+ __II.2 ἤπιον ἦμαρ with infinitive, a day favourable for beginning a thing, Refs 8th c.BC+ __III adverb -ίωςRefs 5th c.BC+; χρήσετ᾽ αὐτή σοι τότ᾽ ἠ. Refs 4th c.BC+: comparative -ωτέρως, ἔχειν πρός τινα Refs 4th c.BC+: superlative -ωτάτωςRefs 5th c.AD+

θᾰνάσῐμος [νᾰ], ον, (θάνατος) deadly, fatal, Refs 5th c.BC+; θηρία θ., of poisonous reptiles, Refs 2nd c.BC+, poisons, NT+1st c.AD+ adverb -μως, τύπτειν to strike with deadly blow, Refs 5th c.BC+: neuter plural as adverb, ἀσπίδες -μα δάκνουσαι Refs 1st c.BC+ __2 belonging to death, θ. αἷμα the life-blood, Refs 4th c.BC+; μέλψασα θ. γόον having sung her death-song,Refs 5th c.BC+ __II of persons, near death, Refs 5th c.BC+; liable to the death-penalty, Refs __II.2 dead, Refs 5th c.BC+

θᾰνᾰτήφορ-ος, ον, death-bringing, αἶσα Refs 4th c.BC+; περίοδος θ. cycle of mortality, Refs 5th c.BC+; of hurts or accidents, Refs 5th c.BC+; of a surgical operation, Refs 2nd c.AD+; ῥίζα ἐν Αἰθιοπία, of arrow-poison, Acokanthera Schimperi, Refs 4th c.BC+; γένεθλα.. θ. κεῖται causing death by contagion, Refs 5th c.BC+; πᾶσαι μεταβολαὶ πολιτειῶν θ. LXX+5th c.BC+; δίκαι capital trials, Refs 2nd c.AD+. adverb -ρως, νοσεῖν Refs 1st c.BC+: neuter singular as adverb, ἐπλήγη οὐχὶ -φόρον Refs 4th c.BC+; but -φόρον ᾄδειν to sing a death song, Refs 1st c.AD+

κατασκῐ-άζω, future -σκιάσω, Attic dialect - Refs 5th c.BC+:—overshadow, cover over, Refs 8th c.BC+; spread awnings, Refs 5th c.BC+ bury one, S.[same place]; Refs

Included with: λαμπρός, ά, όν, feminine -ή in Epic dialect Refs 8th c.BC+:— bright, radiant, of the sun and stars, λ. φάος ἠελίοιο Refs 8th c.BC+; -ότατος, of Sirius, Refs; λαμπρὰ σελήνη Hes.[same places],Refs 5th c.BC+; of the eyes, Refs 5th c.BC+; of metallic bodies, λ. φάλοι, κόρυθες, Refs 8th c.BC+: neuter as adverb, θώρηκες λαμπρὸν γανόωντες Refs __2 of white cloths and the like, bright, λαμπρὸς δ᾽ ἦν ἠέλιος ὥς [ὁ χιτών] Refs 8th c.BC+; λ. ἐσθής, = Latin toga candida, Refs 2nd c.BC+ __3 of water, clear, limpid, Refs 5th c.BC+; of air, λ. ἠήρ Refs 5th c.BC+ __4 of sound or voice, clear, distinct, Refs 5th c.BC+; opposed to φ. ἀσαφής, Refs 1st c.AD+ __5 metaphorically, of vigorous action, λ. ἄνεμος a keen wind, Refs 5th c.BC+; λ. ἤδη καὶ μέγας καθιείς swooping down like a fresh and mighty breeze, Refs 5th c.BC+; λαμπρὸς φανήσεται he will come furiously forth, Refs 5th c.BC+; λ. μάχη a keenly contested battle, Refs 2nd c.BC+ adverb -ρῶς, ἐπικείμενοι vigorously, Refs 5th c.BC+; utterly, λ. ἡττῆσθαι, λ. περιεστοιχίσθαι, Refs 3rd c.AD+ __6 metaphorically also, clear, manifest, μαρτύρια Refs 5th c.BC+; λ. φυγή decisive, Refs 2nd c.AD+. adverb - ρῶς, κοὐδὲν αἰνικτηρίως Refs 5th c.BC+; λαμπρῶς ἐλέγετο it was said without concealment, Refs 5th c.BC+ __II of persons, well-known, illustrious by deeds, station, etc., λ. ἐν τῇσι Ἀθήνῃσι Refs 5th c.BC+; λ. ἐν [τοῖς κινδύνοις] Refs 5th c.BC+; as honorary title, -ότατος, = Latin clarissimus, Refs; of cities, councils, etc., ἡ λαμπρὰ τῶν Μιλησίων μητρόπολις Refs 2nd c.AD+; of actions, etc., ἔργον οὐδὲν ἀπ᾽ αὐτῶν λ. γίνεται Refs 5th c.BC+ __II.2 magnificent, munificent, λ. ἐν ταῖς λειτουργίαις Refs 5th c.BC+; ὁ λ. καὶ πλούσιος οὗτος Refs adverb - ρῶς, χορηγεῖν Refs 5th c.BC+ __II.3 bright, joyous, λ. ὥσπερ ὄμματι, of the bearer of good news, Refs 5th c.BC+; λαμπρὸν ἐξέπεμψα with bright hopes, Refs 5th c.BC+; also ὄμματι δέρκομαι λαμπρόν, of one clear in conscience, Refs 5th c.BC+ __III of outward appearance, splendid, brilliant, νυμφίον.. λ. ὄντα Refs 5th c.BC+; of a horse, Refs 5th c.BC+; of youthful bloom, ὥρᾳ ἡλικίας λ. Refs 5th c.BC+; of healthy look, Refs 5th c.BC+ of property, dress, etc., εἴ τί γ᾽ ἔστι λ. καὶ καλόν Refs 5th c.BC+; λ. κάλλος beaming beauty, Refs 5th c.BC+; τὸ λ. splendour, Refs 5th c.BC+. adverb -ῶς, opposed to λιτῶς, Refs 1st c.BC+: superlative -ότατα Refs 5th c.BC+; later -οτάτως Refs 2nd c.AD+ __III.2 of language, brilliant, τῶν διθυράμβων τὰ λ. Refs 5th c.BC+; λ. λέξις ornamental diction, Refs 4th c.BC+ __IV Astrology texts, of degrees in a zodiacal sign, ἑκάστου ζῳδίου λαμπρὰς μοίρας ἐξέθεντο Refs 4th c.AD+ __V for adverb -ρῶς, see above Refs

λεῖος, α, ον, smooth to the touch, [αἴγειρος] Refs 8th c.BC+; χῆμαι, χηραμβίς, Refs 3rd c.BC+, Refs 5th c.BC+; also, of cloths, smooth, plain, not embroidered, ὑφαντά τε καὶ λ. Refs 5th c.BC+; λεῖα ἐκπεποιημένα worked smooth, of marble, Refs unsculptured, Ἀθήνης ἕδος Refs 3rd c.BC+; of plate, unembossed, φιάλαι Refs 3rd c.BC+ __2 in Refs 8th c.BC+, chiefly of level places or countries, λεῖος δ᾽ ἱππόδρομος ἀμφίς Refs 8th c.BC+; ἐν λείῳ πεδίῳRefs 8th c.BC+; λ. ἄροσις Refs 8th c.BC+; λεῖα δ᾽ ἐποίησεν made a smooth place, Refs 8th c.BC+; λ. θάλασσα a smooth sea, Refs 5th c.BC+; λ. βάσεις flat feet, Refs 2nd c.AD+ __2.b with genitive, χῶρος.. λεῖος πετράων smooth (i.e. free) from rocks, Refs 8th c.BC+ __3 smoothskinned, without hair, of animals, LXX+4th c.BC+; especially of youths, smooth-chinned, beardless (compare λείαξ), Refs 3rd c.BC+; also, of fish, smooth, ἱππίδια Refs 5th c.BC+; opposed to λεπιδωτοί, Refs 4th c.BC+; [γαλεός] the smooth shark, Mustelus laevis,Refs 5th c.BC+; λείη ὑπόστασις a smooth or uniform sediment, Refs 2nd c.AD+ __4 metaphorically, smooth, soft, πνεῦμα Refs 5th c.BC+; of the sound of the voice, Refs 5th c.BC+; of the taste, Refs 5th c.BC+; [τὸ] ἥμερόν τε καὶ λ. [τοῦ ἤθους] Refs 5th c.BC+; λ. πάθημα, opposed to τραχύ, Refs 4th c.BC+; λ. κίνησις, Cyrenaic phrase for ἡδονή, Refs 1st c.BC+; ὡς -οτέρου ἐλέους ὑπάρξοντος (sed to be read τελειοτέρου) Refs 2nd c.BC+; τὸ λ., ={λειότης, τῆς ἑρμηνείας} Refs 4th c.BC+ adverb λείως smoothly, gently, Refs 6th c.BC+ __II rubbed or ground down, Refs 1st c.AD+, fine sand, Refs 3rd c.BC+. (Prob. λειϝος, cf. Latin lēvis.)

πεδῐεινός, ή, όν, flat, level, χῶρος Refs 5th c.BC+: comparative πεδιεινότερος Refs 5th c.BC+ __II of the plain, found on the plain, opposed to ὄρειος, λαγώς Refs 4th c.BC+; πεδινὸν ἄνθος, ={ἀργεμώνη}, Ps.-Refs 1st c.AD+ about 2nd c.BC; πεδῐνός is uncertain, since πεδινώτερος may be falsa lectio in Refs 5th c.BC+

ῥῠπᾰρ-ία, ἡ, dirt, filth, Refs 1st c.AD+ __2 metaphorically, sordidness, Refs 5th c.BC+

ῥύπος [ῠ], ὁ, dirt, filth, used by Refs 8th c.BC+ once in irregular plural, κάθηράν τε ῥύπα πάντα Refs 8th c.BC+: later in singular, Refs 7th c.BC+; ὁ ἐν τοῖς ὠσὶ ῥ. Refs 4th c.BC+ see at {γρ; ἅπαν ῥύπον} all of it filth (accusative), Refs 3rd c.BC+; of a person, πρὸς τὸ μὴ λοῦσθαι ῥύπος Refs 4th c.BC+:—also ῥύπος, εος, τό, of cheese-parings, Refs 5th c.BC+ __2 metaphorically, sordidness, meanness, ὁ ῥ. τοῦ χαμαὶ βίου Refs 2nd c.AD+ __II sealing-wax, τοὺς ῥ. ἀνασπάσαι Refs 5th c.BC+

στίλβ-ω, chiefly present and imperfect: aorist ἔστιλψα Refs 2nd c.AD+:—glitter, gleam, of polished or bright surfaces, χιτῶνας.. ἦκα στίλβοντας ἐλαίῳ Refs 8th c.BC+; λαμπραὶ δ᾽ ἀκτῖνες ἀπ᾽ αὐτοῦ αἰγλῆεν στίλβουσι beam from him, Refs 5th c.BC+; σ. ὅπλοις Refs 5th c.BC+; ἰδὼν στίλβοντα τὰ λάβδα, i.e. the λ upon the Spartan shields, NT+5th c.BC+; of sleek horses, σ. ὥστε κύκνου πτερόν Refs 5th c.BC+; of brilliant complexion, Refs 3rd c.BC+; of water in motion, Refs 4th c.BC+; of the white gleam on the eye, Refs 4th c.BC+; of fixed stars, opposed to planets (exc. Mercury, see at {στίλβων}), twinkle, Refs 4th c.BC+ flash lightning, Refs 5th c.BC+ __2 metaphorically, shine, be bright, Refs 5th c.BC+ __II transitive,= στιλπνόω, στίλβει πρόσωπον Refs 1st c.AD+

τρῡμᾰλ-ιά, ἡ, ={τρύμη}, hole, LXX+3rd c.BC+; ἡ τ. τῆς ῥαφίδος the eye of the needle, NT; βελόνηςRefs 5th c.BC+; mesh, Refs 5th c.BC+

χλιᾰρός, ά, όν, also ός, όν Refs 2nd c.BC+; Ionic dialect χλιερός (also in Refs 7th c.BC+; misspelt χλιεριον in Refs, ή, όν· (χλίω):— warm, Refs 5th c.BC+; of food, Magnes Refs 5th c.BC+ adverb χλιηρῶς (variant -ρῷ)Refs 5th c.BC+ __2 of persons, lukewarm, NT. [ῑ in Comedy texts [same places]; but ῐ in Refs 7th c.BC+

† II. [אָהַל] vb. Hiph. be clear, shine, Impf. 3 ms. יַאֲהִיל (subj. moon יָרֵחַ) Jb 25:5 (‖ זַכּוּ subj. כוכבים, cf. also יִזְכֶּה v 4) (= יָהֵל, from הלל; (by text error?) cf. Di so 𝔊 > = I. אָהַל KöI, 373, after Ki).

† [אָטַר] vb. shut up, close, bind (Arabic أَطَرَ bend, curve, إِطَارٌ what surrounds, encloses) Qal Impf. 3 fs. תֶּאְטַר ψ 69:16 (אַל תּ׳ עָלַי בְּאֵר פִּיהָ).

† בָּהִיר adj. bright, brilliant, of light; only Jb 37:21 לֹא רָאוּ אוֹר בּ׳ הוּא בַּשְּׁחָקִים.

† בָּרִיא adj. fat—ψ 73:4 Ju 3:17; pl. בְּרִיאִים 1 K 5:3; cstr. בְּרִיאֵי Dn 1:15; f. בְּרִיאָה Hb 1:16 + 2 times + Ez 34:20 בִּרְיָה; Hi Ol§ 171 a בְּרִיָּה, בריאה; pl. בְּרִיאוֹת Gn 41:5 + 3 times; בְּרִיאֹת Gn 41:2, 4;—fat, cattle בקר Gn 41:2, 4, 5, 7, 18, 20 (E) 1 K 5:3; sheep Ez 34:3, 20 Zc 11:16; food Hb 1:16; אישׁ ב׳ fat man Ju 3:17; בריאי בשׂר Dn 1:15; ב׳ אולם their body fat ψ 73:4.

† גִּבֵּן adj. crook-backed, hump-backed (cf. Aramaic גְּבִין id., NH גַּבָּן highlander; also NH גבין, Aramaic גבינא, ܓܒܺܝܢܳܐ, all = brow (eyebrow, etc.); cf. Arabic جَبِينٌ side of forehead), Lv 21:20.

† [גּוּף] vb. shut, close (NH id., v. NHWB i. 314, 352)— Hiph. Impf. juss. יָגִ֫יפוּ Ne 7:3 close (doors, דלתות).

† [דֳּפִי] n.[m.] blemish, fault בְּבֶן־אִמְּךָ תִּתֶּן־דֹּֽפִי׃ ψ 50:20 against thy mother’s son thou dost allege a fault (‖ בְּאָחִיךָ תְרַבֵּ֑ר).

† הֲפַכְפַּךְ adj. crooked, הֲפַכְפַּךְ דֶּרֶךְ אִישׁ וָזָר֑ Pr 21:8 crooked is the way of a guilty man.

† [זָרַב] vb. only Pu., meaning dub.; prob. (from context) be burnt, scorched— Pu. Impf. in rel. cl., בְּעֵת יְזֹֽרְבוּ נִצְמָ֑תוּ Jb 6:17 (‖ בְּחֻמּוֹ נִדְעֲכוּ מִמְּקוֹמָם), of brooks scorched and drying up (‖ form of צָרַב q.v.; so Ew Di De Hoffm Kau AV RV MV; > Thes RobGes. who comp. Arabic زَرِبَ flow away, cf. NH זְרִיבָה; and Mich DlPr36 f. VBm. (are straitened) RVm (shrink) cf. Aramaic ܙܪܰܒ compress, (Arabic زَرَبَ is to make a wooden enclosure), Assyrian zarâbu, ZimBP 32 n. 56, 70, 95).

† [חֲבַרְבֻּרָה] n.f. stripe, mark, only pl. sf. חֲבַרְבֻּרֹתָיו Je 13:23 of stripes on a panther (tiger? cf. נָמֵר;—‖ עוֹרוֹ of a Cushite).

† חוֹרָ֑י n.m. white stuff, cf. i. חוּר; וְאֹרְגִים חוֹרָ֑י Is 19:9 and (those) weaving white stuff.

† I. [חָוַר] vb. be or grow white, pale (Arabic حَوِرَ be white, حَوَرٌ whiteness, Aramaic ܚܘܰܪ, חֲוַר be white)—only Qal Impf. 3 mpl. וְלֹא עַתָּה פָּנָיו יֶחֱוָ֑רוּ Is 29:22 (‖ לֹא עַתָּה יֵבוֹשׁ יַעֲקֹב).

† חִוָּר adj. white (𝔗 Syriac; BH I. [חָוַר]);—Dn 7:9 (robe).

† חוּרִי n.pr.m. a Gileadite (of Gad) 1 Ch 5:14 (𝔊 Ουρ(ε)ι).

† חוּרַי n.pr.m. a hero of David ח׳ מִנַּחֲלֵי גָ֔עַשׁ 1 Ch 11:32 𝔊 Ουρ(ε)ι, 𝔊L Ουρια; = הִדָּי 2 S 23:30 (om. B; A Αθθαι, 𝔊L Αδδαι).

† [חַלֻּק] adj. smooth, only pl. cstr. חַלֻּקֵי אֲבָנִים 1 S 17:40 smooth ones of (among) stones = smooth (or smoothest?) stones Ges§§ 132 P 2. 133, 3 DrSm.

† חָמוֹץ n.[m.] coll. the ruthless—only אַשְּׁרוּ ח׳ Is 1:17 set right the ruthless, so Hi Ew Kn De Che Di; Vrss give passive (perhaps חָמוּץ) hence AV relieve the oppressed; but on form חָמוֹץ = doer of action v. Ew§ 152 b.

† II. [חמץ] vb. be red (? cf. Aramaic ܚܡܰܨ Ethpa. blush, be ashamed, poss. orig. be red);— Qal Pt. pass. cstr. חֲמוּץ בְּגָדִים red of garments Is 63:1; poss. also Impf. 3 fs. תֶּחֱמַץ ψ 68:24 that thy foot may be red with blood (for MT תמחץ; so Krochm Hi Gr; most, however, read תרחץ v. רחץ).

† I. חֹרִי n.[m.] white bread or cake שְׁלֹשָׁה סַלֵּי חֹרִי Gn 40:16 three baskets of white bread.—ii. חֹרִי v. iii. חרר.

† [טָחַח] vb. be besmeared—only Qal Pf. 3 ms. טַח מֵרְאוֹת עֵינֵיהֶם Is 44:18 their eyes have been besmeared so that they do not see, v. Di Du, and on sg. c. subj. pl. Ges§ 145, 7 a; others regard טַח as metaplastic pointing for טָח, from טוח, v. Sta§ 385 d.

† טִיחַ n.[m.] a coating, only אַיֵּה הַטִּיחַ אֲשֶׁר טַחְתֶּם Ez 13:12.

† [טְלַל] vb. Haph. have shade (𝔗 Syriac; v. BH III. [צָלַל]);—Impf. 3 fs. תַּטְלֵל Dn 4:9 (beasts under tree).

† טָרָף †adj. fresh-plucked (Aramaic ܛܰܪܦܳܐ, טַרְפָּא fresh leaf)—עֲלֵה זַיִת טָרָף Gn 8:11 (J) a fresh-plucked olive leaf.

† [כָּפַר] vb.denom. (from ii. כֹּפֶר)—Pf. 2 ms. וְכָֽפַרְתָּ֫ בַּכֹּפֶר Gn 6:14 and thou shalt pitch it with pitch (P).

† לָאַט vb. cover, only Qal Pf. 3 ms. וְהַמֶּלֶךְ ל׳ אֶת־פָּנָיו 2 S 19:5, read perhaps לָאט, from לוּט We Dr Bu.

—

† [מָלַץ] vb. prob. be smooth, slippery (Arabic مَلِصَ slip);— Niph. Pf. מַה־נִּמְלְצוּ לְחִכִּי אִמְרָתֶ֑ךָ ψ 119:103 how smooth (agreeable, pleasant) are thy words to my palate (‖ מִדְּבַשׁ לְפִי).

† [מַעֲקָשׁ] n.[m.] twisted, crooked place;—pl. מַעֲקַשִּׁים Is 42:16 (opp. מִישׁוֹר).

מְעָרָה40 n.f. cave;—abs. מ׳ Gn 19:30 +; cstr. מְעָרַת 23:19 +; pl. מְעָרוֹת Ju 6:2 +, cstr. id. Is 2:19;—cave, especially as place of sojourn or refuge Gn 19:30 (J), 1 S 24:3(×2), 7, 8, 10 (Ginsb v 4, 8, 9, 11 van d. H. Baer), 1 K 19:1; 13, Ez 33:27; Jos 10:16 (מ׳ בַמַּקֵּדָה) + 7 times Jos 10; Ju 6:2; 1 S 13:6; 1 K 18:4, 13; cf. ψ 57:1; 142:1; מְעָרוֹת צֻרִים Is 2:19, hence מ׳ פָּרִצִים Je 7:11 robbers’ cave; Is 32:14 den (of wild beasts);—מ׳ עֲדֻלָּם 1 S 22:1; 2 S 23:13, whence in ‖ 1 Ch 11:15, read prob. מְצֻדַת ע׳ or מְצָדַת We, cf. Dr, Bu Kit HPS;—as burial place, מ׳ הַמַּכְפֵּלָה Gn 23:9 + (v. מַכְפֵּלָה) = מ׳ alone 23:11, 17, 20; 49:29, 32 (all P). מ׳ אֲשֶׁר לַצִּידֹנִים Jos 13:4 (D), cave-region in Lebanon E. of Sidon, mod. Mughâr Ǧezzîn, according to most, but dub.; perhaps, rather, near Tyre BuhlMDPV 1895, 55.

† [מֹ֫תֶק] n.[m.] sweetness;—only sf. מָתְקִי Ju 9:11 my sweetness (fig-tree loquitur), i.e. sweetness of the fruit.

† [נְגֹהָה] n.f. brightness; fig. of prosperity;—pl. לִנְגֹהוֹת Is 59:9 (opp. אֲפֵלוֹת; ‖ אוֹר).

† סְגַר vb. shut (v. BH);— Pe. Pf. 3 ms. ס׳ Dn 6:23 shut the lions’ mouth (acc.).

† סֹכֵךְ n.[m.] protector;—term. techn. of structure shielding stormers of city (Lat. testudo) הַסּ׳ Na 2:6; 𝔊 τὰς προφυλακὰς αὐτῶν.

I. [שָׂכַךְ] vb. cover, lay over, so as to screen (cf. ‖ √ I. סכך);— Qal Pf. 1 s. וְשַׂכֹּתִי כַפִּי עָלֶיךָ Ex 33:22 (JE).

† שָׂתַם vb. usually stop up, in sense of shut out, shut ears against (late ‖ form of סָתַם; yet awkward; BaES 9 cp. Arabic شَمَّتَ frustrate, disappoint);— Qal Pf. 3 ms. שׂ׳ תְּפִלָּתִי La 3:8 (> van d. H. שָׂתָם) he (י׳) hath shut out my prayer (Bu שׂ׳ מִתּ׳ shut up [himself] from).

† [עִדָּה] n.f. menstruation, so Vrss (proposes time, period);—pl. abs. בֶּגֶד עִדִּים Is 64:5 i.e. stained garment (fig. of best deeds of guilty people; ‖ טָמֵא).

† עִוְעִים n.pl.abstr. distorting, warping (for *עַוְעֲוִים);—רוּחַ עִוְעִים Is 19:14 temper of distorting, i.e. warped judgment.

† [עָלַף] vb. cover (NH id., cover, faint; Arabic غَلَفَ smear, ii. cover, غِلَافٌ sheath; Assyrian elpitu, pining, exhaustion);— Pu. Pt. f. covered, encrusted, cstr. מְעֻלֶּפֶת Ct 5:14 his belly of ivory encrusted with sapphires. Pf. 3 pl. בָּנַיִךְ עֻלְּפוּ Is 51:20 thy sons are enshrouded, enwrapped, i.e. their senses obscured = have swooned away; so also Ez 31:15, reading 3 fs. עֻלָּ֑פָה for subst. עֻלְפֶּה (Köii. 1, 113), all the trees have fainted for (עַל) him (so 𝔊 𝔖 𝔙 Hi Co al.). Hithp. enwrap oneself, Impf. 3 fs. וַתִּתְעַלָּ֑ף Gn 38:14 (J); = swoon away, 3 ms. וַיִּתְעַלָּ֑ף Jon 4:8; 3 fpl. תִּתְעַלַּפְנָה Am 8:13.

† I. [עָצָה] vb. shut (Ar. (و et ى) غَضَا iv. shut eyes; Ethiopic ዐጸወ shut door);— Qal Pt. act. עֹצֶה עֵינָיו Pr 16:30 he that shuts his eyes (SS cp. עצּם [Is 29:10], which Gr reads).

† II. עָקֹב adj. steep, hilly (v. √; cf. عَقَبَةٌ difficult mountain path, Qor 90:11; ዐቀብ hill);—Is 40:4 והיה הֶעָקֹב לְמִישׁוֹר let the steep ground (Ch) become a plain (‖ הָֽרְכָסִים). Cf. Ecclus 6:20.

† [עָקַל] vb. bend, twist (NH especially in deriv.; 𝔗 in deriv.; Syriac ܥܩܠ twist, in der. spec.; Arabic عَقَلَ bind camel’s folded fore-shank and arm together);— Pu. be bent out of shape, crooked, Pt. fig. מִשְׁפָּט מְעֻקָּל Hb 1:4 crooked justice.

† עֲקַלָּתוֹן adj. crooked (according to SmZAW iv. 213 constellation Draco);—לִוְיָתָן נָחָשׁ ע׳ Is 27:1.

† עָשׁוֹת adj. smooth?—only בַּרְזֶל ע׳ Ez 27:19 as merchandise of Tyre; Co עָשׁוּת, i.e. pt. pass., from √ עשׁת forge, or work skilfully; Toy iron skilfully wrought; all dubious.

† פְּחֶ֫תֶת n.f. a boring or eating out;—Lv 13:55, of leprous decay in garment.