Opening and Shutting

† I. פָּתַח vb. open (NH id.; Ph. פתח; Assyrian pitû, patû; Sab. פתח OsZMG xix (1865), 197; Arabic فَتَحَ; Ethiopic ፈትሐ;; Aramaic פְּתַח, ܦܬܰܚ; Nab. Palm. פתח);— Qal Pf. 3 ms. פ׳ 2 K 15:16 +, etc.; Impf. 3 ms. יִפְתַּח Ex 21:33 +; 3 mpl. sf. יִפְתָּחוּם Ne 13:19, etc.; Imv. ms. פְּתַח 2 K 13:17 +; fs. פִּתְחִי Ct 5:2; mpl. פִּתְחוּ Jos 10:22 +; Inf. abs. פָּתֹחַ Dt 15:8 +; cstr. לִפְתֹּחַ Ez 21:27 +; Pt. act. פֹּתֵחַ Ju 3:25 +; pass. פָּתוּחַ Je 5:16 +, etc.;—open sack, שַׂק, Gn 42:27 (E), אַמְתַּחַת 43:21; 44:11 (J), skin-bottle (נאוד) Ju 4:19, hamper (תֵּבָה) Ex 2:6 (E), pit (בּוֹר) 21:33 (E; i.e. uncover it), mouth (פִּי) of cave Jos 10:22 (JE), grave Ez 37:12, 13 (to bring forth dead), cf. (in fig.) Je 5:16 ψ 5:10; כְּלִי פָתוּחַ Nu 19:15 (P) open vessel; door (דֶּלֶת; sometimes opp. סָגַר) Ju 3:25 + v 25 (obj. om.), 19:27; 1 S 3:15; 2 K 9:3; 10; 2 Ch 29:3; Jb 31:32; (c. ל pers.); fig. of Leb. Zc 11:1; דַּלְתֵי שָׁמָיִם ψ 78:33 (of י׳, sending rain); ד׳ = city-gates Ne 13:19; Is 45:1; (‖ שְׁעָרִים; י׳ subj., c. לִפְנֵי); ד׳ om. Ct 5:2, 5, 6; gate (שַׁעַר), of land Na 3:13; (Inf. abs. + Impf. Niph. q.v.), cf. Ez 25:9; שַׁעַר of temple (-court) Ez 46:12 (c. ל pers.), ψ 118:19 (id.), city Is 26:2; obj. om. Dt 20:11; 2 K 15:16; window, חַלּוֹן 2 K 13:17(×2); אֲרֻבּוֹת הַשָּׁמַיִם (by י׳ sending rain) Gn 8:6 (J); Mal 3:10; city Je 13:19, עִיר פְּתוּחָה Jos 8:17 (JE); abs. פ׳ וְלֹא סגר Is 22:22(×2);—14:17 is dubious, Gr PerlesAnal. 28. 42 Kit (in Di) read לַאֲסִירָיו לֹא־פ׳ בֵּית־הַכֶּלֶא; > Bu Che Marti אֲסִירָיו לֹא פִּתַּח אִישׁ לִבֵיתוֹ; storehouse, armoury Gn 41:56; Je 50:25 (of י׳), Je 50:26 (for destruction), fig. of sky, for rain Dt 28:12; (c. ל pers.; of י׳), cf. open בָּ֑ר, expose for sale, Am 8:5; open womb, i.e. grant offspring Gn 29:31; 30:22 (J); open mouth (פֶּה) to cry, speak Ez 21:27; Jb 3:1; Dn 10:16, hence = speak Is 53:7(×2); Jb 33:2; ψ 39:10; 78:2 (בְּמָשָׁל), 109:2 (c. עַל pers.), Pr 24:7; 31:8 (c. ל pers.), v 9, 26 (בְּחָכְמָה); ψ 49:5 either utter, declare, propound riddle, or open up, expound; have power of speech ψ 38:14; of י׳ giving power of (prophetic) speech Ez 3:27; 33:22, giving speech to ass Nu 22:28 (J); open mouth, to eat Ez 3:2, of earth, to swallow up, Nu 16:32; 26:10, cf. (פֶּה om.) ψ 106:17; open lips, to speak Jb 11:5 (c. עִם pers.), 32:20 (Gi v 21); of י׳ opening man’s lips ψ 51:17, man’s ear Is 50:5 (Assyrian uznâ puttû); of eyes only pt. pass., c. אֶל 1 K 8:29 = 2 Ch 6:20; 1 K 8:52; Ne 1:6; c. לְ 2 Ch 6:40 (by zeugma), 7:15 (all of י׳’s favour); open hand, in giving Dt 15:8, 11 (c. ל pers., + inf. abs.), of י׳ ψ 104:28; 145:16; book Ne 8:5(×2), letter 6:5; open river (channel) Is 41:18 (of י׳), rock, letting out water, ψ 105:41 (id.); open sword, = draw it Ez 21:33 ψ 37:14; of root שָׁרְשִׁי פָתוּחַ אֱלֵי־מָ֑יִם Jb 29:19, i.e. with no obstacle intervening.—תִּפְתַּח אֶרֶץ Is 45:8 is dub.; verb not elsewhere intrans.; Du CheHpt Marti proposes רַחְמָהּ as obj.; Gr Kit (in Di) read תִּפָּתַח. Niph. Pf. 3 ms. נִפְתַּח Is 5:27, etc.; Impf. 3 ms. יִפָּתָח Ez 24:27, יִפָּתֵ֑חַ 44:2 +, etc.; Inf. cstr. הִפָּתֵחַ Is 51:14; Pt. נִפְתָּח Zc 13:1;—be opened, of girdle Is 5:27 (i.e. loosened), cf. of captive 51:14, and, of calamity, Je 1:14 be let loose (c. עַל pers.); gates Na 2:7; 3:13 (of land, thrown open to (ל) enemy), Ez 44:2; 46:1(×2) Ne 7:3; impers. of man shut in by God Jb 12:14; of windows of heaven Gn 7:11 (P), cf. Is 24:13 (of future destruction); the heavens themselves Ez 1:1 (for visions); fountain Zc 13:1; wine(-skin, c. neg.) Jb 32:19; mouth, in speech Ez 24:27; 33:22; ears Is 35:5. Pi. Pf. 3 ms. פִּתַּח Jb 30:11 +, פִּתֵּ֑חַ 12:18 +, etc.; Impf. 3 ms. יְפַתַּח Is 28:24, 1 s. אֲפַתֵּחַ Is 45:1, etc.; Inf. abs. פַּתֵּחַ Is 58:6; cstr., id. ψ 102:21; Pt. מְפַתֵּ֑חַ 1 K 20:11;—loose: 1. free, i.e. ungird, camels Gn 24:32 (J): loins of kings Is 45:1 (i.e. disarm them); set free, c. sf. pers. ψ 105:20, Je 40:4 (c. מִן); c. acc. בְּנֵי תְמוּתָה ψ 102:21. 2. loosen (and remove) sack-cloth Is 20:2 (c. מֵעַל), ψ 30:12; armour 1 K 20:11 (obj. om.; opp. חָגַר); bonds Jb 12:18 ψ 116:16, cf. Is 58:6 Jb 39:5; cord 30:11; 38:31; loosen ground Is 28:24 (in tillage); cf. VogelstLandwirthschaft 33, Assyrian puttû). 3. open gates Is 60:11; doors Jb 41:6 (fig. of crocodile’s jaws); ear Is 48:8 (read prob. either פִּתַּחְתִּי, פָּתַחְתִּי [𝔊 Du Marti], or נִפְתְּחָה [Gr Che Kit in Di]; buds Ct 7:13 (of blossom; obj. om.; or intrans., as sometimes Arabic فَتَّحَ, v. Dozy). Hithp. Imv. mpl. התפתחו Is 52:2 Kt הִתְפַּתְּחִי (so 𝔊; of personif. Jerus.) loosen thee (Ges§ 54 f) the fetters of thy neck.

† דֶּ֫לֶת n.f. (? m. Ne 13:19) door (NH id.; Assyrian daltu(m) StrmAV 1843 SchrCOT Gloss.; Ph. pl. דלהת CISi, 7, 3;—according to BaZMG 1887, 607 from √ ידל, Assyrian edilu, to bolt, bar)—דֶּלֶת (always abs., and c. art. except Ct 8:9 + Ez 41:24 but here Co art.) Gn 19:10 + 18 times; דָּ֑לֶת Gn 19:9 Ju 19:22; sf. דַּלְתּוֹ 2 K 12:10; Du דְּלָתַיִם (cf. Ges§ 93 n) Dt 3:5 + 9 times, דְּלָתָ֑יִם Jb 38:10; cstr. דַּלְתֵי Jos 2:19 + 6 times + Ez 26:2 Co; sf. דְּלָתַי Jb 31:32, דְּלָתֶיךָ Zc 11:1 + Is 26:20 Kt (cf. דָּלָה n.f.), דְּלָתֶיהָ Jos 6:26 1 K 16:34; pl. דְּלָתוֹת Je 36:23 + 10 times; cstr. דַּלְתוֹת Ju 3:23 + 19 times + Ez 26:2 (Co דלתי); sf. דַּלְתֹתַי Pr 8:34, דַּלְתוֹתָיו 2 Ch 3:7; 4:22; דַּלְתֹתָיו Ne 3:1, 3, 6, 13, 14, 15; דַּלְתוֹתֵיהֶם 2 Ch 4:9; 1. door of house (disting. from door-way, cf. 1 K 6:31 פֶּתַח Gn 19:6) Gn 19:9, 10 Ex 21:6 (all JE) Dt 15:17 Jos 2:19 (JE) Ju 11:31; 19:22, 27 1 S 21:14 (דלתות השׁער) 2 K 4:4, 5; 6:32(×2) Is 57:8 Jb 31:32; so fig. of wisdom’s house Pr 8:34 לִשְׁקֹד עַל־דַּלְתֹתַי; partic. doors of house of י׳ 1 S 3:15 (הֵיכַל י׳ v 3); temple 1 K 6:34(×3); 7:50 2 K 18:16 1 Ch 22:3 2 Ch 3:7; 4:22; 28:24; 29:3 Ne 6:10 Mal 1:10; so of Ezek.’s temple, Ez 41:23, 24(×5), 25. 2. door of room Ju 3:23, 24, 25 2 S 13:17, 18 2 K 4:33; 9:3, 10, especially doors of דביר or ק׳ קדשׁים 1 K 6:31, 32; 7:50 2 Ch 4:22 cf. also Ez 41:23; also of court עֲזָרָה 2 Ch 4:9(×2), and of porch אוּלָם 2 Ch 29:7. 3. gates of city Dt 3:5 Jos 6:26 (cf. 1 K 16:34) Ju 16:3 1 S 23:7 2 Ch 8:5; 14:6 Ne 3:1, 6, 13, 14, 15; 6:1; 7:1 (ד׳ then generally distinct from שׁער, wh. denotes the whole structure of gate, incl. posts, open space, etc., while ד׳ is swinging door), 7:3; 13:19 (where also sense narrower than ‖ שׁער) Is 45:1 (‖ שׁערים) cf. v 2 and ψ 107:16; Je 49:31 Ez 38:11. 4. in other senses (mostly fig.): door (prob. lid) of chest 2 K 12:10; aperture of womb Jb 3:10 (ד׳ בטני); jaws of crocodile Jb 41:6 (ד׳ פניו); lips of man Ec 12:4; doors enclosing and shutting off sea Jb 38:8, 10; doors of heaven through wh. comes rain ψ 78:23 (cf. אֲרֻבֹּת השׁ׳ Gn 7:11); of column of Ms.. (from shape) Je 36:23; fig. of easily accessible woman, Ct 8:9; in simile Pr 26:14; of Jerus. as gate of people Ez 26:2; of Lebanon Zc 11:1.

Included with: ἀνοίγ-νῡμι Refs 5th c.BC+; ἀνοίγω Refs 5th c.BC+, and Attic dialect as Refs 4th c.BC+: imperfect ἀνἔῳγονRefs 8th c.BC+; Ionic dialect and Epic dialect ἀναοίγεσκονRefs 8th c.BC+: future ἀνοίξωRefs 5th c.BC+: aorist ἀνέῳξαRefs 5th c.BC+participle ἀνεῴξας Refs; also ἤνοιξαRefs 5th c.BC+ and in late Prose; Ionic dialect ἄνοιξαRefs 5th c.BC+; poetry ἀνῷξαRefs 3rd c.BC+ M.: perfect ἀνέῳχαRefs 4th c.BC+: pluperfect ἀνεῴγειRefs 5th c.BC+:—passive, ἀνοίγνῠμαι Refs 5th c.BC+: late future ἀνοιχθήσομαιLXX+5th c.BC+: perfect ἀνέῳγμαιRefs 5th c.BC+; later ἤνοιγμαι (δι-) best reading in Refs 5th c.BC+; pluperfect ἀνέῳκτοRefs 5th c.BC+(perfect Refs is used in passive sense in Refs 5th c.BC+, and later Prose, as NT+1st c.AD+ (though he condemns it Refs; but in Attic dialect, only Refs 4th c.BC+: aorist ἀνεῴχθηνRefs 5th c.BC+, subjunctive ἀνοιχθῆRefs 5th c.BC+, participle ἀνοιχθείςLXX+5th c.BC+; and aorist 2 ἠνοίγηνNT+2nd c.AD+; also aorist 1 infinitive ἀνωίξαιRefs 4th c.AD+:—open, of doors, etc., ἀναοίγεσκον μεγάλην κληῗδα they tried to put back the bolt so as to open [the door], Refs 8th c.BC+; χηλοῦ δ᾽ ἀπὸ πῶμ᾽ ἀνέῳγε took off the cover and opened it, Refs 8th c.BC+; so ἀ. σορόν, θήκας, Refs 5th c.BC+; ἀ. σήμαντρα, σημεῖα, διαθήκην, open seals, etc., Refs 5th c.BC+; ἀ. βίβλινον (i.e. οἶνον) tap it, Refs 3rd c.BC+; γῆρυν ἀνοίξας, for στόμα, Refs 3rd c.AD+; ἀ. φιλήματα kiss with open mouths, Refs 3rd c.AD+ __b throw open for use, γυμνάσιονRefs; κἀνῷξε σχολὰς opened school, Refs 1st c.BC+; εἰ ἀνοίξω ἐργαστήριο; shall I open a shop? Refs 2nd c.AD+ __2 metaphorically, lay open, unfold, disclose, ὄνομαRefs 5th c.BC+ __3 as nautical term, absolutely, get into the open sea, get clear of land, Refs 5th c.BC+ is to open or first show the way over the sea. __II passive, to be open, stand open, lie open, ὄπισθε τῆς ἀνοιγομένης θύρηςRefs 5th c.BC+cut open, Refs 4th c.BC+; κόλποι δι᾽ ἀλλήλων ἀνοιγόμενοι opening one into another, Refs 5th c.BC+

† פָּקַח vb. open eyes and (once) ears (NH id., open (and remove) rubbish heap, sq. עַל look to, attend to; Arabic فَقَحَ blossom, ii. open eyes; J.Aram פְּקַח open eyes, etc.; Syriac ܦܩܰܚ blossom);— Qal Pf. 3 ms. פ׳ Jb 27:19; 2 ms. פָּקַחְתָּ 14:3; Impf. 3 ms. וַיִּפְקַח Gn 21:19 +; 1 s. אֶפְקַח Zc 12:4; Imv. ms. פְּקַח 2 K 6:17 +, so Dn 9:18 Qr (Kt פקחה); Inf. abs. פָּקוֹחַ Is 42:20; cstr. לִפְקֹחַ v 7; Pt. act. פֹּקֵחַ ψ 146:8; pass. fpl. פְּקֻחוֹת Je 32:19;— 1. open eyes: a. one’s own 2 K 4:35; Jb 27:19; Pr 20:13; 2 K 19:16 = Is 37:17; Dn 9:18; + עַל Je 32:19; Zc 12:4 Jb 14:3. b. eyes of others Gn 21:19 2 K 6:17(×2), 20(×2) Is 42:7 ψ 146:8;—for details v. עַ֫יִן" dir="rtl" >עַיִן 1 j. 2. open ears = hear Is 42:20 (without understanding; fig. of Isr.). Niph. Pf. 3 pl. consec. וְנִפְקְחוּ Gn 3:5; Impf. 3 fpl. תִּפָּקַחְנָה Is 35:5, וַתּ׳ Gn 3:7;—be opened, of eyes; fig., so as to know good and evil Gn 3:5, 7; opp. blindness (fig.) Is 35:5.

† [פָּצָה] vb. part, open (Arabic فَصَى i, ii. separate, remove; Aramaic פְּצָא especially set free, ܦܰܨܺܐ Pa. set free);— Qal Pf. 3 fs. פָּֽצְתָה Gn 4:11 +, 2 ms. פָּצִיתָ Ju 11:36, etc.; Impf. 3 ms. יִפְצֶה Jb 35:16; Imv. ms. פְּצֵה Ez 2:8, sf. פְּצֵנִי ψ 144:7, 11; Pt. פֹּצֶה Is 10:14, פּוֹ׳ ψ 144:10;— 1. open mouth: a. to swallow, fig. of ground, הָאֲדָמָה Gn 4:11 (J), Nu 16:30 (JE), הָאָרֶץ Dt 11:6; of enemies, + עַל pers. La 2:16; 3:46 ψ 22:14; lit. Ez 2:8. b. to speak Ju 11:35, 36 (utter a vow, + אֶל־י׳); Jb 35:16; hence = utter, אֲשֶׁר פָּצוּ שְׁפָתַי ψ 66:14; of bird chirping פֹּצֶה פֶה Is 10:14 (in fig.). 2. snatch away, set free (Aramaic loan-word), only ψ 144, + הִצִּיל c. מִן v 7, 11; פ׳ c. מִן v 10.

διαν-οίγω, lay open, τοὺς ὀφθαλμούς NT+5th c.BC+:—passive, LXX+2nd c.AD+; of a dead body, Refs 4th c.BC+ __II open so as to connect, τὸν Ἰνδικὸν καὶ Περσικὸν κόλπον Refs __III reveal, explain, τὰς γραφάς NT+5th c.AD+

† [פָּעַר] vb. open wide (the mouth) (NH rarely = BH, usually open bowels, go to stool; cf. J Aram. פְּעַר; Arabic فَعَرَ and Syriac ܦܥܰܪ = BH, ܦܶܥܪܳܐ chasm);— Qal Pf. of voracious greed, fig. 3 fs. וּפָֽעֲרָה פִּיהָ Is 5:14 (of Sheôl), 3 pl. פָּֽעֲרוּ עָלַי בְּפִיהֶם (Ges§ 119 q) Jb 16:10; of eager desire (good sense), פִּיהֶם פָּֽעֲרוּ 29:23, פִּי־פָעַרְתִּי ψ 119:131.

† [דָּלָה] n.f. door, only Qr דְּלָֽתְךָ (Kt דלתיך) Is 26:20 fig., door of chamber in which people (personified) hide (cf. also דֶּלֶת du.).

† [פְּתַח] vb. open (v. BH);— Pe. Pt. pass. fpl. פְּתִיחָן Dn 6:11 opened (windows). Peʿîl (WCG 225) Pf. 3 mpl. פְּתִ֫יחוּ 7:10 books were opened.

† שָׁתַם vb. dub.; if text correct, open (NH Aramaic שׁתם open [vessel]);—only Qal Pt. pass. cstr. הַגֶּבֶר שְׁתֻם הָעָ֑יִן Nu 24:3, 15 (poems in JE) the man opened of [mental] eye, so 𝔖 Ki Ew al. RVm; 𝔙 Röd Ke Di al. render closed of [bodily] eye, reading then implicitly שְׂתֻם (cf. סָתַם, שָׂתַם La 3:8); v. further Gray.

ἀνα-πτύσσω, perfect infinitive passive ἀνεπτύχθαιRefs 5th c.BC+: aorist passive ἀνεπτύχθηνRefs 5th c.BC+ 3, but -επτύγην Refs:—unfold the rollson which books were written, open for reading, ἀ. τὸ βιβλίονRefs 5th c.BC+ undo, open, Refs 5th c.BC+; ἀναπτύξασ χέρας with arms outspread, Refs 5th c.BC+:—middle, fold up, Refs 4th c.BC+ __b cut open, of freshly killed animals,Refs 1st c.AD+ __c ruminate, chew, Refs 2nd c.AD+ __2 unfold, disclose, πᾶν ἀ. πάθοςRefs 5th c.BC+ __II as military term, τὴν φάλαγγα ἀ. fold back the phalanx, i.e. deepen it by countermarching from front to rear, Refs 5th c.BC+; conversely, τὸ κέρας ἀ. open out the wing, i.e. extend the line by countermarching from rear to front, Refs 5th c.BC+

ἄνοιξις, εως, ἡ, opening, πυλῶνRefs 5th c.BC+; ἄ. τοῦ στόματος, Hebraism for παρρησία, LXX+NT

Transliteration of Hebrew פְּתַח 'to open' [H6606]. Not in LSJ.

† [פָּצַם] vb. split open (Arabic فَصَمَ crack; 𝔗 פַּצֵּם Je 22:14, cut out, make, window);— Qal Pf. 2 ms. sf. of earth, פְּצַמְתָּ֑הּ ψ 60:4 (subj. God).