Heat and Warmth

† חֹם n.m.Je 17:8 heat;—חֹם abs. Gn 8:22 + 3 times + 1 S 21:7 (v. infrom); cstr. Gn 18:1 + 3 times; of heat of (mid-)day חֹם היום Gn 18:1 (J), 1 S 11:11; 2 S 4:5; in promise of regular seasons Gn 8:22 (opp. קֹר); cf. Is 18:4(×2) (ח׳ קָצִיר); but as dangerous to plant-life Je 17:8; it melts snow Jb 24:19; לֶחֶם חֹם 1 S 21:7 bread of heat = hot bread, read perhaps ל׳ חָם (as Jos 9:12).

† [חָמַם] vb. be or become warm (NH id., Pi., make warm, Aramaic ܚܰܡ, חֲמַם be warm; Arabic حَمَّ become hot, of water; also heat, kindle fire in)— Qal Pf. חַם ψ 39:4; Ex 16:21; וְחַם consec. 1 K 1:2; Ec 4:11; חַמּוֹתִ֫י Is 44:16; Impf. יָחֹם Is 44:16; וַיָּ֫חָם 2 K 4:34; Is 44:15; יִחַם (יֵ K3) 1 K 1:1; יֵחַם Dt 19:6; יֵחָ֑ם Ec 4:11; 3 fs. תֵּחַם Ez 24:11; יֵחַמּוּ Ho 7:7; וַיֶּחֱמוּ Gn 30:39; וַיֵּחַמְנָה v 38 (last seven forms could be also from יחם q.v.; but no decisive evidence that this √ is used in Qal; they are placed under חמם by Thes Ew§ 193 a Ol§ 243 b; v. also Köi. 365, 417 ff., who on account of יחם Pi. Inf. Gn 30:41; 31:10, der. last two, needlessly, from יחם); Inf. לַחְמָם Is 47:14, cf. Jb 30:4 (where, however, ל׳ is from לֶחֶם Mich Di unles (Luzz Che) we read לְחַמֵּם Pi. Inf. in both); חֹם 1 S 11:9; Hg 1:6; Ne 7:3; sf. חֻמּוֹ Jb 6:17; חֻמָּם Je 51:39;— 1. lit., be or grow warm Ex 16:21 (P; subj. שֶׁמֶשׁ), cf. 1 S 11:9; Ne 7:3 and Jb 6:17 (sf. of impers. subj.); from fire Is 44:15, 16(×2) 47:14 (cf. supr.); natural heat 1 K 1:1, 2 (by personal contact), so 2 K 4:34; Ec 4:11(×2), from clothing Hg 1:6; of Jerusalem under fig. of pot or caldron Ez 24:11. 2. fig., subj. לִבִּי ψ 39:4 (‖ בַּהֲגִיגִי תִבְעַר־אֵשׁ), cf. Dt 19:6; of conspirators Ho 7:7; Chaldeans Je 51:39. 3. of heat in conception (animals) Gn 30:38, 39 (cf. יחם). Niph. Pt. נֵחָמִים באלים Is 57:5 (Köi.371), inflame oneself with, of idolatry. Pi. Impf. 3 fs. תְּחַמֵּם Jb 39:14 keep eggs warm (of ostrich). Hithp. Impf. יִתְחַמָּם warm oneself Jb 31:20 מִגֵּז כְּבָשִׂים by means of fleece of sheep.

† [יָחַם] vb. be hot, Pi. conceive (Arabic وَحَمَ v. incaluerunt pecora, Frey; Aramaic יְחַם be hot, usually of sexual impulse of animals)— Qal v. חָמַם" dir="rtl" >חמם. Pi. Pf. 3 fs. sf. יֶחֱמַתְנִי ψ 51:7 in sin my mother conceived me (‖ חוֹלָ֑לְתִּי); Inf. cstr. of heat of cattle in breeding, conception; בְּכָל־יַחֵם Gn 30:41 at every breeding-heat of the flock (J); בְּעֵת יַחֵם 31:10 at the time of the flock’s being hot in breeding (E); sf. 3 fpl. לְיַחֲמֶנָּה (v. GK. 91f) 30:41 in order that they might have breeding-heat (J).

ζεστός, ή, όν, (ζέω) seethed, boiled, κρέα ζ. καὶ ὀπτά Refs 2nd c.AD+ __II hot, ὕδωρ Refs 2nd c.BC+; ὕδατα ζ., of hot springs, Refs 1st c.BC+; opposed to χλιαρός, Refs 2nd c.AD+; λίθος Ps.-Refs 1st c.AD+; εἰ δὲ -οτέρας κράσεως δέοιντο if they want the oil-bath hotter, NT+1st c.AD+

† זַלְעָפָה n.f. raging heat (on format. cf. GesLbg 863 Ol§ 196 a. 1. 2)—ז׳ ψ 119:53; pl. abs. זִלְעָפוֹת ψ 11:6; cstr. זִלְעֲפוֹת La 5:10;— 1. of fever heat of famine ז׳ רָעָב La 5:10. 2. of burning wind רוּח ז׳ ψ 11:6 (in fig. of י׳’s judgment, with אֵשׁ, גָּפְרִית). 3. fig. of zeal ז׳ אֲחָזַתְנִי ψ 119:53.

† III. חַם adj. hot;—לחם חָ֞ם Jos 9:12 hot bread (JE), i.e. freshly baked; בגדים חַמִּים Jb 37:17 of garments heated by south wind.—1. חָם v. supr. p. 325. 2. חָם v. sub חמה.

χλιᾰρός, ά, όν, also ός, όν Refs 2nd c.BC+; Ionic dialect χλιερός (also in Refs 7th c.BC+; misspelt χλιεριον in Refs, ή, όν· (χλίω):— warm, Refs 5th c.BC+; of food, Magnes Refs 5th c.BC+ adverb χλιηρῶς (variant -ρῷ)Refs 5th c.BC+ __2 of persons, lukewarm, NT. [ῑ in Comedy texts [same places]; but ῐ in Refs 7th c.BC+

† [זָרַב] vb. only Pu., meaning dub.; prob. (from context) be burnt, scorched— Pu. Impf. in rel. cl., בְּעֵת יְזֹֽרְבוּ נִצְמָ֑תוּ Jb 6:17 (‖ בְּחֻמּוֹ נִדְעֲכוּ מִמְּקוֹמָם), of brooks scorched and drying up (‖ form of צָרַב q.v.; so Ew Di De Hoffm Kau AV RV MV; > Thes RobGes. who comp. Arabic زَرِبَ flow away, cf. NH זְרִיבָה; and Mich DlPr36 f. VBm. (are straitened) RVm (shrink) cf. Aramaic ܙܪܰܒ compress, (Arabic زَرَبَ is to make a wooden enclosure), Assyrian zarâbu, ZimBP 32 n. 56, 70, 95).