Crooked Perverted

† I. [שָׁנָה] vb. change (NH Pi, etc.; Ecclus 42:24, etc.; Assyrian šanû, change, Aramaic שְׁנָא, Nab. Ethpa. Lzb379; Syriac ܫܢܳܐ, especially mentally = grow insane; cf. (prob.) NH שָׁנָה year, = Ph. שנת, שת; MI 2, 8 שת; Assyrian šattu (cf. Muss-ArnoltJBL xi (1892), 73 n.); Arabic سَنَةٌ; Aramaic שְׁנַא, שַׁתָּא, ܫܢܳܐ, ܫܰܢ݈ܬܳܐ; Old Aramaic, Nab., Palm. שנתא, שנת, שת, שנן Lzb379 f.; on year from changing seasons, v. PhilippiZMG xxxii (1878), 79 f. BaZMG xli (1887), 612, 621, 636 (especially against DHM VIme Orient. Congr. ii. 1, 452 who proposes bilit. √), cf. Thes; a daring suggestion by JenZA vii (1892), 177);— Qal Pf. 1 s. לֹא שָׁנִיתִי Mal 3:6 I am י׳, I do not change; Impf. 3 ms. יִשְׁנֶא (Ges§ 77 rr) La 4:1 how is the fine gold changed (si vera l.; LöhrNow יִשָּׁנֵא; gloss on יוּעַם Bu Löhr); Inf. cstr. שְׁנוֹת יְמִין עֶלְיוֹן ψ 77:11 the right hand of the Highest is changed (𝔖 𝔙 𝔗 Aq Sym Theod Hup-Now RVm Bae Du We Buhl; AV RV Ew De Che al. years, usually ins. I will remember); Pt. שׁוֹנִים Est 1:7 differing, different, c. מִן, cf. 3:8 (so Ecclus 42:24); Pr 24:21 those who change (but dub., v. Toy). Pi. transit., change, alter: Pf. 3 ms. שִׁנָּה Je 52:33 c. acc. garments, = שִׁנָּא (Gesl.c.) 2 K 25:29; Impf. 3 ms. יְשַׁנֶּה דִּין Pr 31:5 lest he pervert the judgment; וַיְשַׁנּוֹ 1 S 21:14 (read וַיְשַׁן Ges§ 75bb, וַיְשַׁנֶּה We Dr (and reff.), cf. Bu HPS Now), c. acc. טַעְמוֹ (v טַעַם, and Assyrian šanê ṭêmi, madness); וַיְשַׁנֶּהָ Est 2:9, i.e. changed her place לְטוֹב בֵּית הַנָּשִׁים; 1 s. ψ 89:35 the utterance of my lips I will not change (‖ לֹא אֲחַלֵּל בְּרִיתִי); Inf. cstr. לְשַׁנּוֹת אֶת־דַּרְכֵּךְ Je 2:36 i.e. change thy political course; בְּשַׁנּוֹתוֹ אֶת־טַעְמוֹ ψ 34:1 (title; cf. 1 S 21:14 supr.); Pt. מְשַׁנֶּה פָנָיו Jb 14:20 altering his face, i.e. in death (subj. God). Pu. Impf. 3 ms. וְעֹז פָּנָיו יְשֻׁנֶּא (Ges§ 75rr) Ec 8:1, usually is changed, mollified, Siegf יִשָּׂנֵא is hated (on עֹז פ׳ v. עֹז 4, √ עזז). Hithp. Pf. 2 fs. consec. קוּמִי נָא וְהִשְׁתַּנִּית 1 K 14:2 arise, pray, and disguise thyself.

† [עָוַת] vb. be bent, crooked (NH id., Pi. Nithp.; Aramaic עַוֵּית Pa.; cf. ܥܰܬ, ܥܬܳܐ deceive PS 3008);— Pi. Pf. 3 ms. sf. עִוְּתָ֑נִי Jb 19:6, עִוְּתוֹ Ec 7:13; 3 pl. sf. עִוְּתוּנִי ψ 119:78; Impf. 3 ms. יְעַוֵּת ψ 146:9 Jb 8:3, יְעַוֶּת־ v 3; Inf. לְעַוֵּת Am 8:5 La 3:36;— 1. a. make crooked = falsify, scales Am 8:5; pervert justice (מִשְׁפָּט, צֶדֶק) Jb 8:3(×2); 34:12 (all God subj.); c. acc. pers. subvert (i.e. deprive of justice), לְע׳ אָדָם בְּרִיבוֹ La 3:36, cf. ψ 119:78 (v.l. 119:61); so עִוְּתָנִי Jb 19:6 (י׳ subj.). 2. bend, make crooked, דֶּרֶךְ רְשָׁעִים ψ 146:9 (י׳ subj.); in gen. Ec 7:13 (God subj.; opp. תִּקֵּן). Pu. Pt. מְעֻוָּת Ec 1:15 what is bent (opp. תְּקֹן). Hithp. Pf. 3 pl. consec. וְהִתְעַוְּתוּ Ec 12:3 and the strong men bend themselves.

† [סָלַף] vb. twist, pervert, overturn (𝔗 סְלַף twist (rare); Arabic سَلَفَ is pass, pass away, come to naught Lane 1407 f.);— Pi. Impf. 3 ms. יְסַלֵּף Jb 12:19 + 2 times, וַיְסַלֵּף Pr 22:12; 3 fs. תְּסַלֵּף Pr 13:6; 19:3; Pt. מְסַלֵּף Pr 21:12;— 1. pervert, Ex 23:8 (E) a bribe perverteth the case (cause, דִּבְרֵי) of righteous, = Dt 16:19. 2. subvert, turn upside down, ruin (only WisdLt): c. acc. pers. Jb 12:19; Pr 13:6 (opp. תִּצֹּר), 21:12; אִוֶּלֶת אָדָם תּ׳ דַּרְכּוֹ 19:3 a man’s folly subverteth his way; וַיְסַלֵּף דִּבְרֵי בֹגֵד 22:12 and he (י׳) subverteth the affairs of a treacherous man.

† I. [עָוָה] vb. bend, twist (so Arabic عَوَى );— Niph. Pf. 1 s. נַעֲוֵיתִי Is 21:3 ψ 38:7; Pt. cstr. נַעֲוֵה Pr 12:8; f. cstr. נַעֲוַת 1 S 20:30 (but read נַעֲרַת 𝔊 We Dr SS Bu HPS);—be bent, bowed down, twisted, ‖ שׁחה ψ 38:7; ‖ נבהל Is 21:3; נַעֲוִה לֵב Pr 12:8 one perverted of mind. Pi. Pf. 3 ms. עִוָּה, subj. י׳:—La 3:9 my paths hath he twisted; וְע׳ Is 24:1 its surface will be distort (‖ בּוֹקֵק הָאָרֶץ). Hiph. Pf. 1 s. יָשָׁר הֶעֱוֵיתִי Jb 33:27 the right have I perverted (‖ חָטָא); so 3 pl. הֶעֱזוּ אֶת־דַּרְכָּם Je 3:21.

† [עָקַשׁ] vb. twist (NH id. (rare));— Niph. Pt. cstr. נֶעְקַשׁ דְּרָכַיִם Pr 28:18 one crooked in ways (Pi. Pf. 3 pl. עִקְּשׁוּ לָהֶם Is 59:8 their paths they have twisted. Impf. 3 mpl. יְעַקֵּ֑שׁוּ Mi 3:9 all that is straight they make crooked; Pt. מְעַקֵּשׁ דְּרָכָיו Pr 10:9 (cf. Niph.). Hiph. Impf. וַיַּעְקְשֵׁנִי Jb 9:20 (Ges§ 53 n) he hath declared me crooked, devious (in life).

σκολιός, ά, όν, curved, bent (opposed to ὀρθός, εὐθύς), σ. σίδηρος Refs 5th c.BC+; of rivers and paths, winding, ποταμός Refs 5th c.BC+; οἶμος, ἀτραπός, etc., Refs 4th c.BC+; twisted, tangled, βάτος Refs 4th c.BC+; ἐς τὸ σ. Refs 5th c.BC+ __2 bent sideways, δουλείη κεφαλή, σκολιή Refs 6th c.BC+; ἵππος σ. crooked made or going askew, Refs 5th c.BC+ __II metaphorically, crooked, i.e. unjust, unrighteous, θέμιστες Refs 8th c.BC+; μῦθοι, δίκαι, Refs 8th c.BC+; αἰ σκολιὰν (i.e. ῥήτραν) ὁ δᾶμος ἕλοιτο, Spartan law cited in Refs 6th c.BC+; riddling, obscure, ῥημάτια Refs 2nd c.AD+ makes the crooked one straight, Refs 8th c.BC+; τυφλὰ καὶ σ. Refs; σκολιά, τά, indirect methods, Refs 1st c.BC+. adverb σκολιῶς Refs 8th c.BC+ __III σκολιόν, τό, intestine, σπλάγχανα καὶ νεφρὸν καὶ σκολιόν Refs 5th c.BC+

† [עֲקַלְקָל] adj. intens. crooked;—fpl. אֳרָחוֹת עֲקַלְקַלּוֹת Ju 5:6 i.e. roundabout paths (GFM); sf. עֲקַלִקַלּוֹתָם ψ 125:5 their crookednesses.

† הֲפַכְפַּךְ adj. crooked, הֲפַכְפַּךְ דֶּרֶךְ אִישׁ וָזָר֑ Pr 21:8 crooked is the way of a guilty man.

† [מַעֲקָשׁ] n.[m.] twisted, crooked place;—pl. מַעֲקַשִּׁים Is 42:16 (opp. מִישׁוֹר).

† עִוְעִים n.pl.abstr. distorting, warping (for *עַוְעֲוִים);—רוּחַ עִוְעִים Is 19:14 temper of distorting, i.e. warped judgment.

† II. עָקֹב adj. steep, hilly (v. √; cf. عَقَبَةٌ difficult mountain path, Qor 90:11; ዐቀብ hill);—Is 40:4 והיה הֶעָקֹב לְמִישׁוֹר let the steep ground (Ch) become a plain (‖ הָֽרְכָסִים). Cf. Ecclus 6:20.

† [עָקַל] vb. bend, twist (NH especially in deriv.; 𝔗 in deriv.; Syriac ܥܩܠ twist, in der. spec.; Arabic عَقَلَ bind camel’s folded fore-shank and arm together);— Pu. be bent out of shape, crooked, Pt. fig. מִשְׁפָּט מְעֻקָּל Hb 1:4 crooked justice.

† עֲקַלָּתוֹן adj. crooked (according to SmZAW iv. 213 constellation Draco);—לִוְיָתָן נָחָשׁ ע׳ Is 27:1.

† פְּתַלְתֹּל adj. tortuous;—דּוֹר עִקֵּשׁ וּפ׳ Dt 32:5.