Covering and Concealing

† I. [כָּסָה] vb. cover (NH כָּסָה Pi; Aramaic כְּסָא chiefly Pa; ܟܣܳܐ Pa. hide, cover; ܟܣܳܝܳܐ covering, ܬܰܟܣܺܝܬܳܐ garment; Arabic كَسَا (كسو) clothe, كِسَآءٌ garment; Assyrian kusû, cover; kusîtu, garment DlHWB 342)— Qal , only Pt. act. כֹּסֶה;— 1. conceal shame Pr 12:16; knowledge Pr 12:23. 2. pass. (cstr.) כְּסוּי חֲטָאָה ψ 32:1 covered in respect of sin (by God, which he thus puts out of sight) (‖ נְשׂוּי־פֶּשַׁע). Niph. Pf. 3 fs. נִכְסָ֑תָה, covered, with waves Je 51:42; Inf. cstr. הִכָּסוֹת Ez 24:8, (blood) not to be covered. Pi. Pf. 3 ms. כִּסָּה Nu 9:15 + 12 times; sf. כִּסָּהוּ Lv 17:13 Nu 17:7; כִּסָּמוֹ Ex 15:10; 3 fs. כִּסְּתָה Gn 38:15 + 5 times; 1 s. כִּסִּיתִי ψ 32:5 + 3 times; כִּסֵּתִי Ez 31:15 (del. Co); כִּסֵּיתִי Ez 32:7 + 13 times Pf.; Impf. 3 ms. יְכַסֶּה Is 6:2 + 8 times; וַיְכַס Ex 10:15 + 4 times; sf. יְכַסֶּ֑דָּ Hab 2:17; יְכַסֶּנָּה Ez 30:18; 3 mpl. sf. יְכַסְיֻמוּ Ex 15:5 + 41 times Impf.; Imv. sf. כַּסּוּנוּ Ho 10:8; Inf. cstr. כַּסּוֹת Mal 2:13 + 11 times; כַּסֹּת Nu 4:15; sf. כַּסֹּתוֹ Ex 26:13; Pt. מְכַסֶּה Pr 10:18 + 12 times; pl. מְכַסִּים Is 11:9; fpl. מְכַסּוֹת Ez 1:11, 23(×2);— 1. cover, clothe Ju 4:19 Ez 16:10 (2 acc.), v 18; Jon 3:6 is appar. reflex., c. acc. of garment (strange; read perhaps וַיִּכָּס); nakedness Gn 9:23 (J), Ex 28:42 (P), Ez 16:8 Ho 2:11; the naked Is 58:7 Ez 18:7, 16 (+ acc. rei); the face and legs of seraphim Is 6:2(×2); bodies of cherubim Ez 1:11, 23(×2); the face Gn 38:15 (J), Ez 12:6, 12, fig. Jb 23:17; earth with the great deep ψ 104:6; heavens with glory Hab 3:3; with בְּ of the clothing Gn 38:14 (J), Dt 22:12, these two appar. reflex., cf. Jon 3:6 supr.; Ju 4:18 1 K 1:1; heaven with clouds ψ 147:8, with glory Ez 32:7. 2. cover, conceal blood Gn 37:26 (J), Jb 16:18; human ordure Dt 23:14; mts. conceal men from God Ho 10:8; cover transgressions Jb 31:33 Pr 17:9; 28:13; iniquity ψ 32:5; righteousness ψ 40:11; hatred Pr 10:18; a thing Pr 11:13; judge’s face so as not to see justice Jb 9:24; heads of rulers and seers Is 29:10; with בְּ of covering Lv 17:13 (H), 1 S 19:13; face by fat Jb 15:27; sun by a cloud Ez 32:7; with מִן from whom Gn 18:17 (J), Jb 33:17. 3. cover (with covering of protection), a pit Ex 21:33 (Covt. code); with cloud of incense, the Kapporeth Lv 16:13 (P); coverings of the sacred tent, tabernacle, and their furniture Ex 26:13 Nu 4:9, 15 (P); with בְּ of the covering Nu 4:5, 8, 11, 12 (P); Zion בְּצֵל יָדִי Is 51:16. 4. cover, spread over, fat, the inwards Ex 29:13, 22 Lv 3:3, 9, 14; 4:8 (with עַל), 7:3 (P); leprosy, the skin and flesh Lv 13:12, 13 (P); the cloud of the theophany, the mount Ex 24:15, 16 (P), the tent of meeting Ex 40:34 Nu 17:7 (P), and the tabernacle Nu 9:15, 16 (P); altar with tears Mal 2:13 (2 acc.); Jerusalem with multitude of camels Is 60:6; of handiwork 1 K 7:18, 41, 42 = 2 Ch 4:12, 13. 5. cover, overwhelm, sq. accus., the sea the Egyptians Ex 14:28 (P), 15:5, 10 (song), Jos 24:7 (E), ψ 78:53; 106:11; waters Jb 22:11; 38:34 ψ 104:9 Je 46:8 Ez 26:19; locusts the eye of the land Ex 10:5, 15 (J), also Israel Nu 22:5, 11 (J); frogs the land Ex 8:2 (P); quails the camp Ex 16:13 (P); cloud the land Ez 30:18; 38:9, 16; darkness the earth Is 60:2; dust a city Ez 26:10; the depths of the sea by God Jb 36:30; with a reference to a person’s shame ψ 44:16; 69:8 Je 51:51 Ob 10 Mi 7:10; horror ψ 55:6 Ez 7:18; violence Pr 10:6, 11 Hb 2:17; confusion Je 3:25; mischief ψ 140:10; God covers sin ψ 85:3 (‖ נשׂא עון), cf. 32:1 (Qal). 6. sq. על of person or thing covered, cover over: cherubim over the ark 2 Ch 5:8; over the dead, the earth Nu 16:33 (JE), ψ 106:17 Is 26:21, worms Jb 21:26; dust over blood Ez 24:7; waters over the sea Hb 2:14, cf. לַיָּם Is 11:9; (v. Dr§ 135. 7 Obs.); love covereth over all sins Pr 10:12; God covereth over iniquity Ne 3:37; people not to cover over a guilty person Dt 13:9; + acc. of obj. covering (DaSynt. § 75), fig. covering over the garment with violence Mal 2:16; God’s hands with light Jb 36:32; + בְּ of covering ψ 44:20. Note. —כִסִּתִי (אֵלֶיךָ) ψ 143:9 is error for חָסִיתִי according to 𝔊 κατέφυγον SS, but חסה not cstr. wi. אֶל־; חִכִּיתִי Bae; הֶאֱבַלְתִּי כִּסֵּתִי עָלָיו אֶת־תְּהוֹם Ez 31:15 according to Co I caused the deep to mourn for them (del. כסתי). Pual. Pf. 3 mpl. כָּסּוּ ψ 80:11 Pr 24:31; Impf. יְכֻסֶּה Ec 6:4; pl. וַיְכֻסּוּ Gn 7:19, 20; Pt. pl. מְכֻסִּים 1 Ch 21:16; fpl. מְכֻסּוֹת Ez 41:16. 1. sq. accus. be covered, hills with shadow ψ 80:11; mountains with water Gn 7:19, 20 (P); field with nettles Pr 24:31; abs., windows of temple Ez 41:16. 2. sq. בְּ, be clothed, with sackcloth 1 Ch 21:16; name with darkness Ec 6:4. Hithp. Impf. וַיִּתְכַּס Is 37:1 = 2 K 19:1; 3 fs. תִּכַּסֶּה Pr 26:26; וַתִּתְכָּ֑ס Gn 24:65; pl. יִתְכַּסּוּ Is 59:6 Jon 3:8; Pt. מִתְכַּסֶּת 1 K 11:29; pl. מִתְכַּסִּים Is 37:2 = 2 K 19:2;—cover, clothe oneself, abs. (of veil) Gn 24:65 (J); with בְּ, of new garment 1 K 11:29; sackcloth 2 K 19:1, 2 = Is 37:1, 2; fig. of works Is 59:6, of hatred with guile Pr 26:26; with acc. Jon 3:8 (שַׂקִּים).

† II. [צָפָה47] vb. lay out, lay over (NH Pi. = BH);— Qal Inf. abs. הַצָּפִית צָפֹה Is 21:5 they lay out the rug! or the like, so most moderns, v. צָפִית²" dir="rtl" >צָפִית. Pi. overlay, plate: Pf. 3 ms. צִפָּה 1 K 6:15 +; 2 ms. וְצִפִּיתָ֫ Ex 25:11 +; Impf. 3 ms. וַיְצַף 1 K 6:20 +, sf. וַיְצַפֵּהוּ v 20 +; 2 ms. תְּצַפֶּה Ex 26:29; 3 mpl. וַיְצַפּוּ 2 Ch 3:10, etc.;—overlay, especially plate sthg. with metal (gold, bronze), usually 2 acc.: 1 K 6:20(×2) + 6 times 1 K 6, + 10:18, ‖ 2 Ch 3:4, 10; 4:9; 9:17; Ex 25:11, 13 + 24 times Ex 25–38 (all P); overlay, stud with precious stones, 2 acc. 2 Ch 3:6; also plate, acc. mater. om., 1 K 6:15; 2 K 18:16; Ex 25:11; 38:28; acc. dir. obj. om. 1 K 6:32, 35; c. acc. + ב mater. v 15 overlaid the floor of the house with timbers. †Pu. Pt. מְצֻפֶּה Pr 26:23 impure silver (Toy) laid over (עַל) a sherd; pl. מְצֻפִּים זָהָב Ex 26:32, pillars overlaid with gold.

† I. [סָכַךְ] vb. overshadow, screen, cover (‖ √ to I. שׂכך (which is prob. orig., cf. Arabic شَكَّ, and Frä90); NH הֵסֵיךְ cover, and perhaps סִכֵּךְ roof over);— Qal Pf. only 2 ms. סַכֹּ֫תָ Ex 40:3, סַכֹּ֫תָה La 3:43, 44, סַכּ֫וֹתָה ψ 140:8; Impf. 3 mpl. וַיָּסֹ֫כּוּ 1 K 8:7, sf. יְסֻכֻּ֫הוּ Jb 40:22; Pt. act. סוֹכֵךְ Ez 28:14, 16, pl. סֹכֲכִים Ex 25:20 + 2 times;— 1. screen, cover, usually c. עַל־ of thing covered, 1 K 8:7; 1 Ch 28:18; + acc. of covering Ex 40:3 (P); + בְּ of covering 25:20; 37:9 (both P); c. לְ of thing covered ψ 140:8; so (+ בְּ instr.) ס׳ בֶּעָנָן לָךְ La 3:44 thou hast screened thyself with the clouds; c. acc. Jb 40:22 lotus-trees, as its shade, screen it; abs. Ez 28:14, 16 (difficult, text prob. corrupt, Co Toy del. as gloss). 2. reflex. cover oneself ס׳ בָאָף La 3:43 thou hast covered (clothed, panoplied) thyself with anger (si vera l.; cf. v 44 supr.). Hiph. Impf. 3 ms. יָ֑סֶךְ לָךְ ψ 91:4, וַיָּ֑סֶךְ Ex 40:21 + 2 times; 2 ms. תָּסֵךְ ψ 5:12; Inf. cstr. הָסֵךְ 1 S 24:4; Pt. מֵסִיךְ Je 3:24 (Ges§ 67 v);—screen, cover, 1. specif. c. אֶת־רַגְלָיו, i.e. with long garments, euphemism for evacuating the bowels, from posture assumed, so inf. Ju 3:24, pt. 1 S 24:4 (cf. NH הֵסֵיךְ, and v. GFM, HPS). 2. elsewhere Impf., as Qal (expl. as Qal BaZMG xliii (1889), 178), c. עַל־ Ex 40:21, of protection ψ 5:12; c. לְ pers. + בְּ instr. 91:4 (of protection). Pilp. סִכְסֵהּ, denom., v. sub שָׂכַךְ³" dir="rtl" >IV. שׂכך.—v. סוח" dir="rtl" >סוך for Jb 3:23; 38:8.

† I. עָטָה vb. wrap oneself, enwrap, envelop oneself (Arabic غَطَا cover, conceal; Aramaic ܥܛܳܐ extinguish, destroy; Assyrian eṭû, be dark, eṭûtu, darkness);— Qal Pf. 3 ms. וְע׳ (consec.) Je 43:12; 3 pl. וְעָטוּ (consec.) Mi 3:7; Impf. 3 ms. יַעְטֶה Lv 13:45 + 2 times, וַיַּ֫עַט Is 59:17; 2 ms. תַּעְטֶה Ez 24:17; 3 mpl. יַעֲטוּ (Baer יַעְ׳ ψ 71:13; 109:29; 2 mpl. תַּעְטוּ Ez 24:22; Pt. act. עֹטֶה 1 S 28:14 ψ 104:2; fs. עֹטְיָה Ct 1:7;—wrap, envelop oneself with sthg. (acc., like לבשׁ): וְהוּא עֹטֶה מְעִיל 1 S 28:14 an old man ascending, and he is enwrapped in a robe; so יַע׳ הָרֹעֶה בִּגְדוֹ Je 43:12 (sim.), and וְע׳ אֶת־אֶרֶץ מִצְרַיִם v 12 he will wrap himself in the land of Egypt (use it as a robe, fig., of Nebuchadnezzar; so completely will it be in his power, Gf); so fig. of י׳, וַיַּעַט כַּמְעִיל קִנְאָה Is 59:17 (‖ לָבַשׁ), ע׳־אוֹר כַּשַּׂלְמָה ψ 104:2; of men, כְּבֶגֶד יַע׳ 109:19 (sim. ‖ לָבַשׁ v 18), וְיַע׳ כַמְעִיל בָּשְׁתָּם v 29 (‖ id.), יַע׳ חֶרְפָּה וגו׳ 71:13; c. עַל of part covered, in phrase וְעָטוּ עַל־שָׂפָם Mi 3:7 they shall envelop themselves upon their beard (cover the beard, sign of mourning or shame Che Now BenzArch. 165 NowArch. i. 195), so Ez 24:17, 22 and (of leper) Lv 13:45 (P); pt. f. עֹטְיָה Ct 1:7 as subst., one wrapping (a veil about her), i.e. a mourner; > a harlot (cf. Gn 38:14); but preferably II עטה picked lice.—וַיַּעַט etc., v. also עִיט" dir="rtl" >עיט; מְעֻטָּה, v. מדט. Hiph. Pf. 2 ms. הֶעֱטִיתָ עָלָיו בּוּשָׁה ψ 89:46 (of י׳) thou hast wrapped shame upon him (enwrapped him in shame); Impf. 3 ms. בְּרָכוֹת יַעְטֶה מוֹרֶה ψ 84:7 early rain enwrappeth (it, עֵמֶק הַבָּכָא v a) with blessings (𝔊 δώσει, as if from Arabic عطو, عَطَا iii, iv. give, cf. NeMarg. 41); read prob. also יַעֲטֵנִי Is 61:10 (for MT יְעָטָ֑נִי, v. יעט) with a robe of rightness he envelopeth me, so Brd Di RyKau Du; > Qal Pf. עָטָ֑נִי Klo CheHpt.

† [חָפָה] vb. cover (NH id., especially Pi.; Aramaic חֲפָא, ܚܦܳܐ (especially Pa.); Arabic خَفِىَ be hidden, خَفَى hide)— Qal Pf. חָפוּ 2 S 15:30 + 3 times; Pt. חָפוּי 2 S 15:30; cstr. חֲפוּי Est 6:12;—cover the head (רֹאשׁ), in token of grief 2 S 15:30 Je 14:3, 4; pt. agrees with ר׳ 2 S 15:30; חֲפוּי רֹאשׁ (‖ אָבֵל) Est 6:12; in token of sentence of death Est 7:8. Niph. Pt. f. נֶחְפָּה ψ 68:14 (כנפי יונה נ׳), c. בְּ of material. Pi. Pf. (late) חִפָּה 2 Ch 3:5, 9; Impf. וַיְחַף 2 Ch 3:7; sf. וַיְחַפֵּהוּ 2 Ch 3:5, 8; overlay sq. 2 acc. (one of material) 2 Ch 3:5(×2), 7, 8, 9.

κᾰλύπτ-ω, Epic dialect imperfect κάλυπτον Refs 8th c.BC+: future -ψωRefs 4th c.BC+aorist ἐκάλυψα, Epic dialect κάλ- Refs 8th c.BC+ —middle, future καλύψομαι Refs 2nd c.AD+.: Epic dialect aorist καλυψάμην Refs 8th c.BC+:—passive, future καλυφθήσομαι Refs 4th c.BC+: aorist ἐκαλύφθην Refs 8th c.BC+: aorist 2 participle καλῠφείς Refs 3rd c.AD+: perfect κεκάλυμμαι Refs 8th c.BC+: pluperfect κεκάλυπτο Refs 8th c.BC+, Latin oc-culo, celo.) __I cover, frequently with dative instrumental, παρδαλέῃ.. μετάφρενον εὐρὺ κάλυψε Refs 8th c.BC+ is to kill); simply, cover, μέλαν δέ ἑ κῦμα κάλυψεν Refs; [πέτρον] περὶ Χεὶρ ἐκάλυψεν his hand covered, grasped a stone, Refs; of death, τὼ.. τέλος θανάτοιο κάλυψεν Refs 5th c.BC+; κ. Χθονὶ γυῖα, i.e. to be buried, Refs 5th c.BC+; but Χθονί, τάφῳ κ., bury, Refs 5th c.BC+; γῇ, Χέρσῳ, Refs 5th c.BC+: rare in Prose, μὴ καλύπτειν τὰ δολοσχερέα τοῖς εἱματίοις Refs 5th c.BC+; of armour, protect, Refs 5th c.BC+:—middle, cover or veil oneself, ἀργεννῇσι καλυψαμένη ὀθόνῃσιν Refs 8th c.BC+; λευκοῖσιν φαρέεσσι καλυψαμένω (feminine dual) Χρόα καλόν Refs 8th c.BC+:—passive, ἀσπίδι ταυρείῃ κεκαλυμμένος.. ὤμους Refs 8th c.BC+: in Prose, τὸν νεκρὸν κεκαλυμμένον φερέτω σιγᾷ Refs 5th c.BC+; [βράγχια] καλυπτόμενα καλύμματι Refs 4th c.BC+veiled Refs __I.2 hide, conceal, κεκαλυμμένοι ἵππῳ concealed in it, Refs 8th c.BC+:—active, NT+6th c.BC+; σιγῇ κ. NT+5th c.BC+ __I.3 cover with dishonour, throw a cloud over, σὺ μὴ κάλυπτε τὰς εὐδαίμονας ἔργοις Ἀθήνας ἀνοσίοις Refs 5th c.BC+ __II put over as a covering, πρόσθε δέ οἱ πέπλοιο πτύγμ᾽ ἐκάλυψεν Refs 8th c.BC+; τόσσην οἱ ἄσιν καθύπερθε καλύψω I will put mud over him,Refs

† [סָפַן once, erron., שׂ׳] vb. cover, cover in, panel (NH סָפַן is respect, care for; Ph. מספנת roof, Lzb330; Aramaic סְפַן Ithpe. be covered, overlaid; Assyrian sapânu (sometimes šapânu !), cover, overwhelm Dl508; sapannu, concealment, obscurity, depth (of sea); Ethiopic ሰፈነ invalescere, percrebescere, praevalere, Di406);— Qal Impf. 3 ms. וַיִּסְפֹּן אֶת־הַבַּיִת גֵּבִים 1 K 6:9 and he covered in the house with beams (?); Inf. abs. סָפוֹן בָּאָ֑רֶז Je 22:14 (reading with JDMich Hi Gf Or Gie Co, חַלּוֹנָיו סָפוֹן, for MT חַלּוֹנַי וְסָפוּן, cf. DrSm xxx) covering (it) in, panelling (it) with cedar; Pt. pass. סָפוּן בְּאֶרֶז 1 K 7:7, סָפֻן בְּאֶרֶז v 3; pl. בְּבָֽתֵּיכֶם סְפוּנִים Hg 1:4 in your panelled houses.—סָפוּן strangely = reserved, laid up, Dt 33:21, and = hidden v 19 שְׂפֻנֵי טְמֻנֵי חוֹל (only here with שׂ; both in sense of צָפוּן [read this?

ἐπισκῐ-άζω, throw a shade upon, overshadow, τῇ [πτέρυγι] τὴν Ἀσίην NT+5th c.BC+:—passive, Refs 1st c.AD+; opposed to φωτίζειν, Refs 2nd c.AD+ —middle, -σκιάζεσθαι τὸν ἥλιον to ward off the sun's rays, Refs: metaphorically, conceal, obscure, ἀλήθειαν πλάσμασι μυθικοῖς Refs 1st c.AD+; τὰ δεινὰ ἑτέροις ὀνόμασιν ἐ. Refs 2nd c.AD+; τὴν θωπείαν, τὸν βίον, Refs 2nd c.AD+:—passive, τῇ εὐγενεία Refs 2nd c.AD+; λαθραῖον ὄμμ᾽ ἐπεσκιασμένη keeping a hidden watch, Refs 5th c.BC+ __2. darken, obscure, Refs 1st c.AD+: metaphorically, ἀφροσύνη ἐ. ψυχήν Refs __3. of the Divine presence, overshadow for protection, etc., τινί LXX; ἐπὶ τὴν κεφαλήν τινοςNT __4. passive, to be weak-sighted, Refs 2nd c.AD+

† [עָלַף] vb. cover (NH id., cover, faint; Arabic غَلَفَ smear, ii. cover, غِلَافٌ sheath; Assyrian elpitu, pining, exhaustion);— Pu. Pt. f. covered, encrusted, cstr. מְעֻלֶּפֶת Ct 5:14 his belly of ivory encrusted with sapphires. Pf. 3 pl. בָּנַיִךְ עֻלְּפוּ Is 51:20 thy sons are enshrouded, enwrapped, i.e. their senses obscured = have swooned away; so also Ez 31:15, reading 3 fs. עֻלָּ֑פָה for subst. עֻלְפֶּה (Köii. 1, 113), all the trees have fainted for (עַל) him (so 𝔊 𝔖 𝔙 Hi Co al.). Hithp. enwrap oneself, Impf. 3 fs. וַתִּתְעַלָּ֑ף Gn 38:14 (J); = swoon away, 3 ms. וַיִּתְעַלָּ֑ף Jon 4:8; 3 fpl. תִּתְעַלַּפְנָה Am 8:13.

κατακᾰλύπτω, cover up, κατά τε κνίσῃ ἐκάλυψαν (i.e. μηρούς) Refs 8th c.BC+; Ἴδην δὲ κατὰ νεφέεσσι κRefs 8th c.BC+ —middle, κατὰ κρᾶτα καλυψάμενος γοάασκεν having covered his head, Refs 8th c.BC+; so -καλυψάμενος alone, Refs 5th c.BC+; κἂν κατακεκαλυμμένος τις γνοίη even one veiled would perceive, Refs 5th c.BC+

περι-κᾰλύπτω, cover all round, πολέμοιο νέφος περὶ πάντα καλύπτει Refs 8th c.BC+; τινὰ ἱματίοισι or ἐν ἱματίῳ, Refs 5th c.BC+; τὸ θνητὸν περικάλυπτε τῷ θεῷ (i.e. Διονύσῳ), i.e. get drunk, Refs 4th c.BC+ —middle and passive, cover oneself all round, Refs __II put round as a covering, αὐτῷ.. περὶ κῶμα κάλυψα put sleep as a cloak around him, Refs 8th c.BC+; τὸ σῶμα [ψυχῇ] LXX+5th c.BC+ throw a veil of darkness over the deeds, Refs 5th c.BC+

† [טָפַל] vb. smear or plaster (over), stick, glue (NH id., besmear, plaster; Aramaic טְפַל id., fig. attack; טְפֵילָא mortar; ܛܰܦܶܠ defile; Assyrian ṭapâlu, besmear (?), DlPr 48; HWB)— Qal Pf. 3 pl. טָֽפְלוּ ψ 119:69; Impf. 2 ms. וַתִּטְפֹּל Jb 14:17; Pt. pl. cstr. טֹפְלֵי Jb 13:4;—טָֽפְלוּ עָלַי שֶׁקֶר זֵדִים ψ 119:69 insolent men have plastered falsehood over me, ‘making his real character unrecognisable’ (De); טֹפְלֵי שֶׁקֶר Jb 13:4 ye are falsehood-plasterers (‖ רֹפְאֵי אֱלִל); cf. Assyrian amât tašḳirti ṭapilti Ullusum, a speech of falsehood besmearing Ullusum, DlPr 48; וַתִּטְפֹּל עַל־עֲוֹנִי Jb 14:17 and thou hast glued over mine iniquity, i.e. glued it up, for safe keeping against the day of reckoning (‖ חָתֻם בִּצְרוֹר פִּשְׁעִי).

ἀκατα-κάλυπτος, ον, uncovered, LXX+2nd c.BC+

† II. עָטַף vb. envelop oneself (Aramaism) (NH id.; Aramaic עֲטַף, ܥܛܰܦ; Ethiopic ዕጡፍ covered, also n. web, texture);— Qal Impf. 3 ms. יַעֲטָף־ ψ 73:6; 3 mpl. יַעַטְפוּ 65:14;—envelop oneself: ψ 65:14 the valleys cover themselves with corn (‖ לָבַשׁ); יַע׳־שִׁית חָמָם לָ֑מוֹ 73:6 they put on for themselves (each) a garb of violence.

† I. צָב n.[m.] litter;—abs. צ׳, in עֶגְלֹת צָב Nu 7:3, prob. litter-wagons, i.e. wagons covered, like palanquin; pl. צַבִּים Is 66:20 litters (on Vrss cf. Di Nu).

† [קָרַם] vb. spread or lay something over (NH id. form a crust, so Hiph. יקרים על Ecclus 43:20; Aramaic קְרַם, ܩܪܰܡ, incrust, overlay);— Qal Pf. 1 s. וְקָרַמְתִּ֫י עֲלֵיכֶם עוֹר Ez 37:6 I will spread skin over you (i.e. the dry bones); Impf. 3 ms. וַיִּקְרַם עֲלֵיהֶם עוֹר v 8 (so Gi van d. H.; Baer וַיִּקְרָם, of which conflicting explan. Ges§§ 9 u, 294), indef. subj. instead of pass.; but read Niph. וַיִּקָּ֫רֶם 𝔖 (cf. 𝔙) Co Berthol Toy Krae.

ἐπικᾰλύπτ-ω, cover over, cover up, shroud, κακὸν δ᾽ ἐπὶ κῶμα καλύπτει variant in Refs; of snow covering a track, Refs 5th c.BC+:— passive, to be covered over, veiled, ἡ ἐπωνυμία ἐπικεκάλυπται 5th-6th c.BC: Plato Philosophus “Cratylus” 395b; ἐπικαλύπτεσθαι τὸν νοῦν πάθει ἢ ὕπνῳ is darkened, obscured, Refs __II. put as a covering over, βλεφάρων φᾶρος Refs 5th c.BC+ —passive, τῶν βλεφάρων -κεκαλυμμένων when the eyelids are drawn down, Refs

κατασκῐ-άζω, future -σκιάσω, Attic dialect - Refs 5th c.BC+:—overshadow, cover over, Refs 8th c.BC+; spread awnings, Refs 5th c.BC+ bury one, S.[same place]; Refs

† [טָחַח] vb. be besmeared—only Qal Pf. 3 ms. טַח מֵרְאוֹת עֵינֵיהֶם Is 44:18 their eyes have been besmeared so that they do not see, v. Di Du, and on sg. c. subj. pl. Ges§ 145, 7 a; others regard טַח as metaplastic pointing for טָח, from טוח, v. Sta§ 385 d.

† טִיחַ n.[m.] a coating, only אַיֵּה הַטִּיחַ אֲשֶׁר טַחְתֶּם Ez 13:12.

† [טְלַל] vb. Haph. have shade (𝔗 Syriac; v. BH III. [צָלַל]);—Impf. 3 fs. תַּטְלֵל Dn 4:9 (beasts under tree).

† [כָּפַר] vb.denom. (from ii. כֹּפֶר)—Pf. 2 ms. וְכָֽפַרְתָּ֫ בַּכֹּפֶר Gn 6:14 and thou shalt pitch it with pitch (P).

† לָאַט vb. cover, only Qal Pf. 3 ms. וְהַמֶּלֶךְ ל׳ אֶת־פָּנָיו 2 S 19:5, read perhaps לָאט, from לוּט We Dr Bu.

† סֹכֵךְ n.[m.] protector;—term. techn. of structure shielding stormers of city (Lat. testudo) הַסּ׳ Na 2:6; 𝔊 τὰς προφυλακὰς αὐτῶν.

I. [שָׂכַךְ] vb. cover, lay over, so as to screen (cf. ‖ √ I. סכך);— Qal Pf. 1 s. וְשַׂכֹּתִי כַפִּי עָלֶיךָ Ex 33:22 (JE).

† [עָלַף] vb. cover (NH id., cover, faint; Arabic غَلَفَ smear, ii. cover, غِلَافٌ sheath; Assyrian elpitu, pining, exhaustion);— Pu. Pt. f. covered, encrusted, cstr. מְעֻלֶּפֶת Ct 5:14 his belly of ivory encrusted with sapphires. Pf. 3 pl. בָּנַיִךְ עֻלְּפוּ Is 51:20 thy sons are enshrouded, enwrapped, i.e. their senses obscured = have swooned away; so also Ez 31:15, reading 3 fs. עֻלָּ֑פָה for subst. עֻלְפֶּה (Köii. 1, 113), all the trees have fainted for (עַל) him (so 𝔊 𝔖 𝔙 Hi Co al.). Hithp. enwrap oneself, Impf. 3 fs. וַתִּתְעַלָּ֑ף Gn 38:14 (J); = swoon away, 3 ms. וַיִּתְעַלָּ֑ף Jon 4:8; 3 fpl. תִּתְעַלַּפְנָה Am 8:13.