Geographical Objects and Features

אֶ֫רֶץ2407 n.f. Gn 10:11 & (seld.) m. Ez 21:24 earth, land (Ph. MI ארץ, Assyrian irṣitu COTGloss, Arabic أَرْضٌ, Sab. ארץֿ e.g. Os 9 DHMZMG 1875, 594, 614; Sem. Sprachf. 12, cf. PräBAS i. 374 n., Aramaic אֲרַע, ܐܰܪܥܳܐ )—א׳ abs. Gn 1:24 +; cstr. 2:11 +; אָ֑רֶץ 1:10 +; c. art. always הָאָ֫רֶץ 1:11 +; c. ה—ָloc. אַ֫רְצָה 11:31 +, (poet. = אָרֶץ Jb 34:13; cf. 1 S 25:23 1 K 1:31); sf. אַרְצִי 20:15 + אַרְצְךָ (אַרְצֶ֑ךָ) 12:1 +, etc.; pl. אֲרָצוֹת Je 28:8 + 65 times; cstr. אַרְצוֹת Ez 39:27 + 6 times; sf. אַרְצֹתָם Gn 10:5 + 2 times;— 1. a. earth, whole earth (opp. to a part) Gn 18:18, 25; 22:18 (= הָאֲדָמָה 12:3) Je 25:26, 29, 30; 26:6 Is 37:16, 20 = 2 K 19:15, 19 Zc 4:10, 14 +. b. earth, opp. to heaven, sky Gn 1:2 Ex 20:4 Dt 5:8; 30:19 Ju 5:4 La 2:1 Is 37:16 = 2 K 19:15 ψ 146:6 1 Ch 21:16; 29:11 2 Ch 2:11 +; as permanent Ec 1:4; built on foundations, or pillars 1 S 2:8 ψ 104:5 Jb 38:4 Is 48:13; 51:13, 16 cf. also Is 24:18 ψ 82:5; firm, so that its shaking is something terrible, & token of terrible power 1 S 14:5 2 S 22:8 = ψ 18:8 Jb 9:6 cf. ψ 46:3 & v 7; so also Am 8:8 Is 2:19, 21; 24:18, 19, 20 ψ 60:4; 77:19; 99:1; 114:7; as hung on nothing Jb 26:7; with waters under it Ex 20:4 = Dt 5:8 cf. Gn 7:11; personified, especially as addressed, called to witness, etc. Dt 32:1 Je 6:19; 22:29 Is 1:2 Mi 1:2 Jb 16:18. c. earth = inhabitants of earth Gn 6:11; 11:1 1 K 2:2; 10:24 ψ 33:8; 66:4 + cf. תֵּבֵל א׳ Pr 8:31 Jb 37:12. 2. land = a. country, territory, א׳ שִׁנְעָר Gn 10:10, א׳ מִצְרַיִם 21:21; cf. also 10:11; 11:28, 31; 13:10; 47:6, 27; 50:8 Is 7:18; 23:1, 13; 27:13 ψ 78:12 Je 25:20 1 Ch 1:43; personif. Is 62:4 Ec 10:16, 17. b. district, region Gn 19:28; 22:2 Jos 11:3 ψ 42:7. c. tribal territory Dt 34:2 Ju 21:21 1 S 9:4, 16; 13:7 1 K 15:20 Is 8:23; and still smaller territories 1 S 9:4, 5. d. piece of ground Gn 23:15. e. specif. land of Canaan, or Israel Gn 11:31; 12:1, 5, 6, 7; 31:3 Lv 14:34 Dt 17:14; 18:9 2 K 5:2, 4 +; especially obj. of יָרַשׁ possess Dt 3:20 + often Dt ψ al.; so after נָחַל Jos 19:49 +; נָתַן Dt 1:21 +. f. = inhabitants of land Lv 19:29 Ez 14:13 + cf. Dt 24:4 Zc 12:12 etc. g. used even of Sheʾôl Jb 10:21, 22 (cf. Assyrian irṣit la târat, land without return, in Descent of Ishtar, v. Jr 10.65); v. also ψ 139:15 Is 44:23. 3. a. ground, surface of ground = אֲדָמָה q.v. Gn 1:26, 30; 18:2; 33:3; 38:9 Ex 4:3; 16:14 Ru 2:10 1 S 5:4 + very often in S. b. soil, as productive = אֲדָמָה Gn 1:11, 12 Lv 19:9; 25:19; 26:4 cf. Nu 14:7, 8 Is 36:17 = 2 K 18:32 ψ 72:6, 16; 107:34, 35 Ezr 9:12 Ne 9:35. 4. אֶרֶץ in phrases: a. people of the land עַם־הָא׳ of non-Israelites Gn 23:7, 12, 13 (P) Nu 14:9 (JE); as well as Isr. Lv 20:4 (H) 2 K 15:5; 16:15; 21:24(×2); especially common people, opp. officials, princes Lv 4:27 (P) Ez 7:27 2 K 11:18, 19. †b. in measurements of distance, כִּבְרַת הָא׳ the space or distance of country (v. כּברה) Gn 35:16, so כִּבְרַת א׳ some distance Gn 48:7 2 K 5:19. c. אֶרֶץ הַמִּישׁוֹר the country of the plain, level or plain country Dt 4:33 Je 48:21; א׳ מִישׁוֹר fig. ψ 143:10 (but read אֹרַח 𝔖 Bi Gr Che, cf. ψ 27:11). d. א׳חַיִּים land of the living ψ 27:13; א׳ הַחַיִּים ψ 142:6 +. e. קְצֵה הָא׳ end(s) of the earth Is 42:10; 43:6 (‖ רָחוֹק) ψ 135:7 Pr 17:24, so אַפְסֵי א׳ Pr 30:4 +; קְצוֹת הָא׳ Is 40:28; 41:5, 9. 5. pl. אֲרָצוֹת is almost wholly late, Je 16:15 + 6 times Je; 23 times Ez; Is 36:20; 37:11 = 2 K 18:35; 19:11 (Is 37:18 read הַגּוֹיִם v. Che Di & cf. 2 K 19:17); 22 times Chr; Dn 9:7; 11:40, 42; ψ 105:44; 106:27; 107:3; 116:9; besides these only P Gn 10:5, 20, 31 Lv 26:36, 39, except Gn 26:3, 4 (JR) 41:54 (JE); it denotes lands, countries, often in contrast to Canaan, lands of the nations, etc., v. especially abs. Ez 20:32; 22:4; = the various petty divisions of Canaan afterward united under Israel’s control Gn 26:3, 4, cf. 1 Ch 13:2 אַרְצוֹת יִשְׂרָאֵל, 2 Ch 11:23 אַרְצוֹת יְהוּדָה.

[שָׁמַי] n.m. Dt 33:28 only pl. שָׁמַ֫יִם421 (Sta§ 324a) heavens, sky (NH id.; Assyrian šamû, pl. šamê, šamûtu, also šamâmu, cf. Ph. שמם; Sab. סמה HomChr 46, 124; Arabic سَمَآءٌ; Ethiopic ሰማይ: Aramaic שְׁמַיָּא, ܫܡܰܝܳܐ; Palm. Nab. שם(י)ן in n.pr. (cpd. with בעל) Lzb 153 GACooke 45; on pl. form v. BaZMG xiii (1888), 341 f.);—abs. שׁ׳ Gn 1:1 +, -מָ֑יִם Gn 2:4 +; הַשָּׁמַ֫יְמָה Ex 9:8 +; cstr. שְׁמֵי Dt 10:14 + 9 times; sf. שָׁמֶיךָ ψ 8:4 + 2 times, שָׁמָיו Dt 33:28, שְׁמֵיכֶם Lv 26:19, c. vb. pl., Ho 2:23;— 1. a. visible heavens, sky, where stars, etc., are Ju 5:20; Gn 15:5 (J), Dt 4:19; Gn 1:14, 15, 17 (P), hence כּוֹכְבֵי הַשּׁ׳ 22:17 (JE) + 9 times (usually as countless), (כָּל־)צְבָא הַשּׁ׳ Dt 4:19; Je 8:2 + (צ׳ 1 c; rarely of angels, צ׳ 1 b); before which fowl fly Gn 1:20 (P), cf. Dt 4:17; Je 8:7; Pr 30:19, עוֹף הַשּׁ׳ Gn 2:19 (J), 1:19 (P) + (עוֹף 1), צִפֹּר שׁ׳ †ψ 8:9, נִשְׁרֵי שׁ׳ †La 4:19; as רָקִיע (q.v.) Gn 1:8 (P), ψ 19:2, with waters beneath and above Gn 1:9 (P, cf. v 7), ψ 148:4, darkened with clouds 1 K 18:45, cleared by wind Jb 26:13; whence comes rain Gn 8:2 (J), Ju 5:4; Dt 11:11 +, and dew Gn 27:28 (J), v 39 (E), Dt 33:28 (poem) +, cf. בִּרְכֹת שׁ׳ †Gn 49:25 (poem in J), מֶגֶד שׁ׳ †Dt 33:13 (poem), but also (destructive) fire 2 K 1:10(×2); Jb 1:16 + (v. also 2 a infr.); הֹבְרֵי שׁ׳ Is 47:13, i.e. astrologers, cf. אוֹתוֹת הַשּׁ׳ Je 10:2; as high Gn 11:4 (J), Am 9:2 (opp. שְׁאוֹל), v 6 (opp. אֶרֶץ) +, עַד־לֵב הַשּׁ׳ Dt 4:11; as over all the earth, תַּחַת (כָּל־)הַשּׁ׳ Gn 6:17; 7:19 (both P), Dt 2:25; Ec 1:13 מִתַּחַת וגו׳ (of extermination) Ex 17:14 (E), Dt 7:24; 9:14 +; specif. of Israel, שָׁמֶיךָ Dt 28:23, שְׁמֵיכֶם Lv 26:19 (H); בֵּין הַשּׁ׳ וּבֵין הָאָרֶץ 2 S 18:9 (hung from tree), 1 Ch 21:16 (of angel), cf. Ez 8:3 (Ezekiel in vision), Zc 5:9 (flying ephah); מִקְּצֵה הַשּׁ׳ וְעַד־קְצֵה הַשּׁ׳ of limits of horizon Dt 4:32, cf. 30:4 Ne 1:9 ψ 19:7; as made by God Je 51:15 (opp. תֵּבֵל), ψ 8:4 +; enduring Dt 11:21; Jb 14:12 ψ 89:30; especially (הַ)שּׁ׳ וְ(הָ)אָרֶץ = universe (cf. in Sab., SabDenkm No. 41. 42, 1. 3), Dt 3:24; Gn 1:1 (P) + (especially Dt Je Is 2 ψψ), + הַיָּם Ex 20:11; Hg 2:6, etc., + מַיִם מִתַּחַת לָאָרֶץ Ex 20:4 = Dt 5:8, cf. Pr 30:4, etc.; opp. תְּהוֹם Pr 8:27 (+ אֶרֶץ v 29); שׁ׳ חֲדָשִׁים וְהָאָרֶץ חֲדָשָׁה as part of future glory †Is 65:17; 66:22. b. phrases are: אֲרֻבּוֹת הַשּׁ׳ (letting rain through) †Gn 7:11; 8:2 (P), Mal 3:10 (fig.), cf. הֲיַעֲשֶׂה י׳ א׳ בַּשּׁ׳ 2 K 7:2, 19, so דַּלְתֵי שׁ׳ †ψ 78:23 (for manna), cf. דְּגַן שׁ׳ †v 24, לֶחֶם שׁ׳ †105:40; מוֹסְדוֹת הַשּׁ׳ 2 S 22:8 (‖ הָאָרֶץ; in ‖ ψ 18:8 מ׳ הָרִים), עַמּוּדֵי שׁ׳ Jb 26:11, חוּג שׁ׳ 22:14; towards the sky is הַשָּׁמַ֫יְמָה Jos 8:20 (J), Ex 9:8, 10 (P), Jb 2:12; Ju 13:20; 20:40; 2 Ch 6:13; עַל־הַשָּׁמַיִם Ex 9:22, 23; 10:21, 22 (all E), אֶל־שׁ׳ Dt 32:40 (poem), Dn 12:7, שׁ׳ alone 1 K 8:22, 54; Jb 35:5; Pr 23:5. 2. a. as abode of God (י׳) 1 K 8:30, 32 + often, where he sits enthroned ψ 2:4 Is 66:1, etc., cf. רֹכֵב שׁ׳ Dt 33:26 (poem), ψ 68:34, whence he rains brimstone Gn 19:24 (J), bread Ex 16:4 (E), cf. Ne 9:15, casts אֲבָנִים Jos 10:11 (E), talks with Israel Ex 20:22 (E; Gi v 19) +, cf. Gn 21:17; 22:11, 15 (E), looks down Dt 26:15 +, hears his people ψ 20:7 + 10 times Chr, etc.; he thunders בַּשּׁ׳ 1 S 2:10 ψ 18:14, ‖ מִן־שׁ׳ 2 S 22:14; he bends (נטה) שׁ׳ to come down v 10 = ψ 18:10, cf. ψ 144:5 and (rend) Is 63:19; נִפְתְּחוּ הַשּׁ׳ Ez 1:1 in vision of God, cf. שַׁעַר הַשּׁ׳ Gn 28:17 (E; + בֵּית אֱלֹהִים); though even שְׁמֵי הַשּׁ׳ the highest heavens cannot hold him †Dt 10:14; 1 K 8:27 = 2 Ch 6:18; 2 Ch 2:5; Ne 9:6 ψ 148:4, שְׁמֵי שְׁמֵי־קֶדֶם 68:34; he is called אֱלֹהֵי הַשּׁ׳ (post-ex. title) Ezr 1:2 = 2 Ch 36:23, + 11 times Ezr Ne, Jon 1:9 (cf. Aramaic, Dn 2:18, 19, 37, 44; in Gn 24:7 add c. 𝔊 וֵאלֹהֵי הָאָרֶץ, as v 3), אֵל־הַשּׁ׳ ψ 136:26; his sword is בַּשׁ׳ Is 34:5, but also his חֶסֶד ψ 36:6, צֶדֶק 85:12, אֱמוּנָה 89:3, his word fixed 119:89.—שׁ׳ are †שָׁמָיו (of Israel) Dt 33:28 (poem), †שְׁמֵיכֶם Lv 26:19; †שָׁמֶיךָ ψ 8:4; 144:5, †שְׁמֵי י׳ La 3:66, †שׁ׳ קָדְשׁוֹ ψ 20:7. †b. Elijah taken up הַשּׁ׳ in whirlwind 2 K 2:1, cf. v 11. 3. הַשּׁ׳ personified in various relations Is 1:2; Je 2:12; Jb 15:15 ψ 19:2; 50:6 = 97:6, 89:6; 148:4. †4. מְלֶכֶת הַשּׁ׳ v. מְעִיל²" dir="rtl" >מ׳ p. 573.

יָם390 n.m. Ex 14:27 sea (Ph. ים; Arabic يَمٌّ; Palm. בימא on the sea, VogNo. 79; on Assyrian iâmu,, sea, v. DlHWB307 M-ACD 52 HptBAS i.171 n.)—abs. יָם 1 S 13:5 +; יָ֫מָּה Gn 28:14 +; cstr. יָם Gn 14:3 + 23 times, also יָ֫מָּה סוּף Ex 10:19, but always יַם־סוּף Ex 13:18 + 22 times; sf. יַמָּהּ Je 51:36; pl. יַמִּים Ju 5:17 + 29 times;—sea: especially 1. Mediterranean S. Nu 13:29 (E), 34:5 (P), Dt 1:7 Jos 5:1 1 K 5:23(×2) Jon 1:4(×2) + often; the Mediterr. is called also הַיָּם הַגָּדוֹל Nu 34:6, 7 Jos 15:12, 47 Ez 47:10, 15, 19, 20; 48:28 +, cf. הַיּ׳ גּ׳ וּרְחַב יָדַיִם ψ 104:25; הַיָּם הַגּ׳ מְבוֹא הַשָּׁ֑מֶשׁ Jos 1:4; 23:4 (v. its Assyrian name tiamtu rabîtu šâ šulmi šamši etc., SchrNamen der Meere. 171ff.); הַיּ׳ הַגּ׳ אֶל־מוּל הַלְּבָנוֹן Jos 9:1; הַיּ׳ הָאַחֲרוֹן the hinder sea Dt 11:24; 34:2 Zc 14:8 Jo 2:20 (in the last two opp. הַיּ׳ הַקַּדְמֹנִי, v. infr.); of Mediterr. in particular part יָם פְּלִשְׁתִּים Ex 23:31 (JE); יָם יָפוֹ 2 Ch 2:15 = יָם יָפוֹא Ezr 3:7; of Mediterr. in pl. Dn 11:45 [cf. 8 d] Hi Ke Meinh Bev Dr (world-encircling seas Behrm). 2. יַם־סוּף ‘Red Sea’ (v. סוּף²" dir="rtl" >סוּף Ex 13:18 (cf. 10:19), 15:4; Nu 14:25; Dt 1:40; Jos 2:10 Ju 11:16 + often; also הַיָּם Ex 14:2(×2), 9 (?) Is 51:10(×2); 63:11 +; prob. also יָם־מִצְרַיִם 11:15; ‘Red Sea’ named or referred to c. 66 times; יַם־סוּף clearly of Ælanitic Gulf 1 K 9:26 (cf. 2 Ch 8:17). 3. Dead Sea, יָם מֶלַח sea of salt Gn 14:3 Nu 34:3, 12 Dt 3:17 Jos 3:16; 12:3; 15:2, 5; 18:19; יָם הָעֲרָבָה Dt 3:17; 4:49 Jos 3:16; 12:3 2 K 14:25; הַיּ׳ הַקַּדְמֹנִי Ez 47:18 Zc 14:8 Jo 2:20 (v. supr.) simply יָם Is 16:8 Je 48:32;—in יָם יַעְזֵר Je 48:32 יָם is text. error, del. c. Gf Gr Che Gie 4. Sea of Galilee יָם כִּנֶּרֶת Nu 34:11 Jos 13:27; יָם כִּנְּרוֹת 12:3; simply יָם Dt 33:23. 5. more gen. sea, opp. earth and (or) sky Gn 1:26, 28; 9:2 (P), Ex 20:11 (E), Hg 2:6 + often Jb ψ Is 2 etc.; Am 6:12 read בַּבָּקָר יָם for בקרים (v. בָּקָר); sea as under earth ψ 24:2 (cf. Gn 1:10; 6:11 Ex 20:5 = Dt 5:3); fig. of flood of invaders, עָלָה עַל־בָּבֶל הַיָּם Je 51:42. 6. of a mighty river, the Nile Na 3:8(×2) Is 19:5 (‖ נָהָר); cf. הַתַּנִּין אֲשֶׁר בַּיָּם 27:1 and כַּתַּנִּים בַּיַּמִּים Ez 32:2 (sim. of Pharaoh); of Euphrates Is 21:1 Je 51:36 (according to Che Gf al.; Is 21:1 perhaps better of Persian Gulf, v. Di). 7. the great basin in temple-court, called the sea: וַיַּעַשׂ אֶת־הַיָּם מוּצָק 1 K 7:23 = 2 Ch 4:2; יָם הַנְּחשֶׁת 2 K 25:13 1 Ch 18:8 Je 52:17; הַיָּם alone 1 K 7:24, 25 + 10 times K Ch + Je 52:20. 8. combinations are: a. 10 שְׂפַת הַיָּם Jos 11:4 1 K 5:9, and in sim. Gn 22:17 Ju 7:12 1 S 13:5; חוֹף הַיּ׳ Jos 9:1 Ez 25:16; חוֹף יַמִּים Gn 49:13 Ju 5:17; cf. חֶבֶל הַיָּם Zp 2:5 region by the sea; so v 6 but dub., v i. חֶ֫בֶל²" dir="rtl" >חֶבֶל 3 b. sand of the sea (shore) חוֹל הַיָּם (in sim.) Gn 32:13; 41:49 Ho 2:1 Is 10:22 + often (v. חוֹל); חוֹל גְּבוּל לַיָּם Je 5:22. c. לְשׁוֹן הַיָּם tongue (arm or gulf) of sea Jos 15:5; 18:19 Is 11:15. d. מִיָּם עַד־יָם Am 8:12 Zc 9:10 ψ 72:8, cf. Mi 7:12 Zc 14:8(×2) Jo 2:20(×2) Dn 11:45. 9. = 3 (orig. 3, from position of Mediterr. with ref. to Palestine, and this sense still often perceptible): with other three points of compass Gn 13:14; 28:14 (J), Nu 2:18; 35:5 (P), Dt 3:27 1 K 7:25 1 Ch 9:24 2 Ch 4:4 Ez 42:19 + 6 times, Ez, Zc 14:4 Dn 8:4 ψ 107:3 (מִמִּזְרָח וּמִמַּעֲרָב מִצָּפוֹן וּמִיָּם; but read perhaps וּמִיָּמִן from the south, Hu Pe Bi Che); opp. east Jos 11:2; 16:6 + 16 times Ez 48; west alone Gn 12:8 (J); רוּחַ יָם Ex 10:19 (J) west wind; מִיָּם לְ westward Jos 8:9, 12, 13 +; יָ֫מָּה westward, often of tabernacle Ex 26:22, 27 Nu 3:23 + (all P), and of land Jos 5:1; 15:8, 10 etc., + often Ez; דֶּרֶךְ הַיָּם = westward Ez 41:12; גְּבוּל יָם western border Nu 34:6(×2) Jos 15:12; פְּאַת־יָם west side Ex 27:12; 38:12 Nu 35:5 Jos 18:14; פְּאַת דרך הים Ez 41:12 (v. further פאה).

οὐρᾰνός, ὁ, Doric dialect and Boeotian dialect ὠρανός Refs 7th c.BC+; Aeolic dialect ὄρανος (ὀράνω Refs 7th c.BC+ __I heaven: in Refs 8th c.BC+ __I.1 vault or firmament of heaven, sky, γαῖα.. ἐγείνατο ἶσον ἑαυτῇ οὐρανὸν ἀστερόεντα, ἵνα μιν περὶ πάντα καλύπτοι Refs 8th c.BC+; wrapped in clouds, Refs 8th c.BC+; above the aether, Refs 8th c.BC+ continued to regard it as solid (στερέμνιον), Refs; defined as αἰθέρος τὸ ἔσχατον by Refs 5th c.BC+; ἠέλιος δὲ οὐρανοῦ ἐξαπόλωλε, of an eclipse, Refs 8th c.BC+ __I.2 heaven, as the seat of the gods, outside or above this skyey vault, the portion of Zeus (see. Ὄλυμπος),Refs 8th c.BC+; πύλαι οὐρανοῦ Refs; so, later, οἱ ἐξ οὐρανοῦ the gods of heaven, Refs 4th c.BC+; οἱ ἐν οὐρανῷ θεοί (viz. Sun, etc.) Refs 8th c.BC+; νὴ τὸν οὐ. Refs 5th c.BC+ __I.3 in common language, sky, οὐδέ τις ἄλλη φαίνετο γαιάων, ἀλλ᾽ οὐ. ἠδὲ θάλασσα Refs 8th c.BC+; κλέος οὐρανὸν ἵκει, κλέος οὐ. εὐρὺν ἱκάνει, renown reaches to heaven,Refs 8th c.BC+; so ὀρυμαγδός, κνίση, σκόπελος οὐρανὸν ἷκεν or ἱκάνει, Refs 8th c.BC+ deeds of violence 'cry to heaven', Refs 5th c.BC+; πρὸς οὐρανὸν βιβάζειν τι to exalt to heaven, Refs; πρὸς τὸν οὐ. ἥλλοντο leaped up on high, Refs 5th c.BC+ __I.4 in Philos., the heavens, universe, Refs 5th c.BC+ the heavens, LXX __I.5 a region of heaven, climate, Refs 5th c.BC+ __I.6 Refs 4th c.BC+ __II anything shaped like the vault of heaven, as, __II.1 vaulted roof or ceiling, Refs 5th c.AD+ __II.2 roof of the mouth, palate, Refs 4th c.BC+ __II.3 lid, Refs 4th c.BC+ __II.4 tent, pavilion, Refs 4th c.AD+ __III proper name, “Uranos”, son of Erebos and Gaia, Refs 8th c.BC+.; but husband of Gaia, parent of Cronos and the Titans (compare Οὐρανίδης),Refs 5th c.BC+

II. מִדְבָּר270 n.m. wilderness—Dt 32:10 +; c. ה loc. מִדְבָּ֫רָה Jos 18:12 + 15 times; cstr. Ex 15:22 +; מִדְבַּ֫רָה 1 K 19:15; sf. מִדְבָּרָהּ Is 51:3;— 1. tracts of land, used for the pasturage of flocks and herds, דָּֽשְׁאוּ נְאוֹת מִדְבָּר the pastures of the wilderness put forth green grass Jo 2:22; יִרְעֲפוּ נ׳ מ׳ the pastures of the wilderness drop (fertility) ψ 65:13; יָֽבְשׁוּ נ׳ מ׳ are dried up Je 23:10, cf. Je 9:9 Jo 1:19, 20. 2. uninhabited land, מִדְבָּר לֹא־אָדָם בּוֹ wilderness in which is no man Jb 38:26; the abode of pelicans ψ 102:7; wild asses Jb 24:5 Je 2:24; jackals Mal 1:3; ostriches Lam 4:3; מִי־יִתְּנֵנִי בַמִּדְבָּר מְלוֹן אֹרְחִים וְאֶֽעֶזְבָה אֶת־עַמִּי O that I had in the wilderness a lodging place of wayfarers, that I might leave my people Je 9:1; טוֹב שֶׁבֶת בְּאֶרֶץ מִדְבָּר better to dwell in a desert land, than with a contentious woman Pr 21:19; בְּאֶרֶץ מִדְבָּר וּבְתֹהוּ יְלֵל יְשִׁמֹן in a desert land, and in a waste howling wilderness Dt 32:10. 3. large tracts of such land bearing various names, in certain districts of which there might be towns and cities: יִשְׂאוּ מִדְבָּר וְעָרָיו חֲצֵרִים תֵּשֵׁב קֵדָר let the wilderness and its cities lift up (their voice), the villages that Kedar doth inhabit Is 42:11. There were six cities in the wilderness of Judah Jos 15:61, 62; הַמִּדְבָּר usually = wilderness of the wanderings Gn 14:6 Nu 14:16, 29, 32, 33(×2) +, or the great Arabian desert Ju 11:22 +; but may also refer to any other Ct 3:6; 8:5. Special tracts—(a) of the wilderness of the wanderings were מ׳ שׁוּר Ex 15:22, סין Ex 16:1 +, סיני Ex 19:1 +, פארן Nu 13:26 +, צן Nu 20:1 +, קדשׁ ψ 29:8, אתם Nu 33:8; (b) in W. Pal. מ׳ יהודה Ju 1:16 ψ 63:1 cf. Jos 15:61, מעוֹן 1 S 23:24, 25, זיף 1 S 23:15; 26:2, באר שׁבע Gn 21:14, עין גדי 1 S 24:2, תקוע 2 Ch 20:20, ירואל 2 Ch 20:16, גבעון 2 S 2:24; (c) in East. Palestine מואב Dt 2:8, אדום 2 K 3:8, קדמות Dt 2:26. 4. fig. וְשַׂמְתִּיהָ כַמִּדְבָּר וְשַׁתִּהָ כְּאֶרֶץ צִיָּה and (lest I) make her as a wilderness and set her like a dry land Ho 2:5; הֲמִדְבָּר הָיִיתִי לְיִשְׂרָאֵל have I been a wilderness to Israel? Je 2:31.

γῆ, ἡ, occasionally in Refs 8th c.BC+: dual γαῖν Refs 5th c.BC+; γῶν Refs 2nd c.BC+:—earth (including land and sea, Refs 7th c.BC+ opposed to heaven, or land opposed to sea, Γῆ τε καὶ Ἠέλιος καὶ Ἐρινύες Refs 8th c.BC+; τίς γ; Refs 8th c.BC+; κατὰ γῆν on land, by land, opposed to ναυσί, Refs 5th c.BC+; opposed to ἐκ θαλάσσης, Refs 5th c.BC+; ἐπὶ γῆς on earth, opposed to νέρθε, Refs 5th c.BC+; κατὰ γῆς below the earth, Refs 5th c.BC+: genitive with local Adverbs, ἵνα γῆς Refs 5th c.BC+; ποῦ, ποῖ, ὅποι γ., Refs 5th c.BC+ __2 earth, as an element, Refs 6th c.BC+ __2.b γῆν καὶ ὕδωρ αἰτεῖν, as tokens of submission, Refs 5th c.BC+ __II land, country, καὶ γῆν καὶ πόλιν Refs 4th c.BC+; γῆν πρὸ γῆς ἐλαύνεσθαι, διώκειν, from land to land, LXX+5th c.BC+; one's native land, Refs 7th c.BC+; frequently omitted with article, ἐκ τῆς ἐμαυτοῦ (i.e. γῆς) δραπέτας Refs __II.2 frequently in Trag., city, αὐτός τε καὶ γῆ δορὶ πεσοῦσ᾽ Ἑλληνικῷ Refs __III the earth or ground as tilled, ἄροτον γῆς Refs 5th c.BC+, etc.; τὴν γῆν ἐργάζεσθαι, θεραπεύειν, till the ground, Refs 5th c.BC+ __III.2 estate, farm, γῆν πρίασθαι Refs 5th c.BC+; ἐπὶ γῇ δανείζειν lend on mortgage, Refs 4th c.BC+ __IV of particular kinds of earth or minerals, e.g. fuller's earth. Refs 5th c.BC+

אֲדָמָה224 n.f. ground, land (as tilled, Ger. bebaut? DlPr 105, but Fleisch. (MerxArchiv I, 236 f) comp. Ar. أَدَمَة skin, as smoothly covering & close-fitting; √דם cf. Ar. دَمَّ smear (spread over surface); cf. also NöZMG 1886, 737)—א׳ Gn 1:25 +; cstr. אַדְמַת Gn 47:20 +; sf. אַדְמָתִי Jb 31:38 + 2 textual etc.; pl. אֲדָמוֹת ψ 49:12— 1. ground (as tilled, yielding sustenance) Gn 2:5, 9; 3:17, 23; 4:2, 3, 12; 5:29; 8:21; 19:25; 47:23 Ex 34:26 (all J); Ex 23:19 (E) Dt 7:13; 11:17; 26:2, 10, 15; 28:4, 11, 18, 33, 42, 51; 30:9; 2 S 9:10 Is 1:7; 28:24; 30:23(×2), 24 Je 7:20; 14:4; 25:33 Hg 1:11 Mal 3:11 ψ 83:11; 105:35 Pr 12:11 28:19 1 Ch 27:26 Ne 10:36, 38 cf. fig. Jb 5:6 (‖ עפר); personif. 31:38 Jo 1:10; also אִישׁ הָא׳ Gn 9:20 (J) tiller, husbandman; meton. אֹהֵב א׳ 2 Ch 26:10 i.e. lover of husbandry (or do these point to earlier meaning tillage? cf. DlPr 105) אִישׁ עֹבֵד א׳ Zc 13:5. †2. piece of ground, landed property Gn 47:18, 19(×3), 20, 22(×2), 23, 26 (all J) ψ 49:12 (pl.) †3. earth as material substance; of wh. man is made Gn 2:7 (עָפָר מִן־הָא׳); so animals v 19 (מִן־הָא׳); altar Ex 20:24; earthen vessels חַרְשֵׂי א׳ Is 45:9, on head, sign of woe 1 S 4:12 2 S 1:2; 15:32; of contrition Ne 9:1 (cf. אֵפֶר, עָפָר); מַעֲבֵה הָא׳ 1 K 7:46 cf. 2 Ch 4:17 (firmness of earth, firm earth, clay-ground, for casting-moulds; or clay-moulds (Be)? or is this n.pr.? Klo proposes בַּמְּעָרָה הָאֲדֻמָּה in the red cave); mule-loads of 2 K 5:17; in it lie the dead מִיְּשֵׁנֵי אַדְמַת־עָפָר Dn 12:2 cf. Gn 3:19, 23 ψ 146:4. 4. ground as earth’s visible surface; רֶמֶס הָא׳ Gn 1:25; 6:20 (both P) Ho 2:20 cf. Gn 7:8; 9:2 (J?) Lv 20:25 (P) Dt 4:18 Ez 38:20; also Gn 4:10 (J) Is 24:21 Am 3:5 Zp 1:2, 3; as wet with dew 2 S 17:12; rain 1 K 17:14; 18:1; cf. personif. פָּֽצְתָה הָא׳ אֶת־פִּיהָ Nu 16:30 (P) (‖ ארץ v 32), vid. v 31 Gn 4:11; of partic. place, spot א׳ קֹדֶשׁ Ex 3:5 especially as abode of man Ex 10:6 Dt 4:10, 40; 12:1 1 S 20:31 2 S 14:7; oft.פְּנֵי הָא׳ Gn 2:6; 4:14; 6:1, 7; 7:4, 23; 8:8, 13 Ex 32:12; 33:16 Nu 12:3 Dt 6:15; 7:6 (all J, D) 1 S 20:15 + 9 textual 5. land, territory, country (= ארץ Gn 47:19 (J) Lv 20:24 (J?—‖ ארץ) cstr. bef. n.pr. א׳ מִצְרַיִם Gn 47:20, 26; א׳ יְהוּדָה Is 19:17; א׳ יִשְׂרָאֵל Ez 11:17 + 16 textual Ez; espe. of land as promised or given by י׳ to his people = Canaan Gn 28:15 Ex 20:12 Nu 11:12; 32:11 (all J?) Dt 5:16 + 16 textual Dt, Jos; 1 K 8:34, 40 +, Je 16:15; 24:10; 25:5; 35:15 Ez 28:25 2 Ch 6:25, 31; 7:20; 33:8; cf. also Dt 12:19; 21:23; 29:27 2 K 17:23 Is 6:11; 7:16; 14:1 +, Ez 34:13, 27 +, Ne 9:25 (א׳ שְׁמֵנָה),—in all c. 41 textual + Jo 2:21 (personif.); א׳ הַקֹּדֶשׁ Zc 2:16 (cf. sub 4 supr. hence also as Yahweh’s land Dt 32:43 Is 14:2 Zc 9:16 2 Ch 7:20. †6. whole earth, inhabited earth (seld.; cf. also פְּנֵי הָא׳ sub 4 supr.) Gn 12:3; 28:14 (both J cf. אֶרֶץ 18:18; 22:18; 26:4) Dt 14:2 Am 3:2 Is 24:21. †7. n.pr.loc. city in Naphtali (as built cf. אָדָם 4? = ed-Dâme?) W. of L. Gennes. Jos 19:36 v. Di.

κόσμος, ὁ, order, κατὰ κόσμον in order, duly, εὖ κατὰ κ. Refs 8th c.BC+; οὐ κατὰ κ. shamefully, Refs 8th c.BC+ to sit in order, Refs 8th c.BC+; κ. φέρειν bear becomingly, Refs 5th c.BC+; κόσμῳ οὐδενὶ κοσμηθέντες in no sort of order, Refs 5th c.BC+; φεύγειν, ἀπιέναι οὐδενὶ κ., Refs, etc.; ἀτάκτως καὶ οὐδενὶ κ. Refs 5th c.BC+; οὐκέτι τὸν αὐτὸν κ. no longer in the same order, Refs 5th c.BC+: generally, of things, natural order, γίνεται τῶν τεταρταίων ἡ κατάστασις ἐκ τούτου τοῦ κ. Refs 5th c.BC+ __2 good order, good behaviour Refs 5th c.BC+; κ. χείρ, of a beggar, Refs 2nd c.AD+; κοῖλος μήν short month, Refs 4th c.BC+; ἐξηγεομένων.. τὸν κ. αὐτοῦ the fashion of it, Refs 5th c.BC+; κ. τόνδε.. ὁ καταστησάμενος who established this order or from, Refs __4 of states, order, government, μεταστῆσαι τὸν κ. Refs 5th c.BC+; especially of the Spartan constitution, Refs 5th c.BC+ __II ornament, decoration, especially of women, Refs 8th c.BC+; of a horse, Refs 8th c.BC+; of men, Refs 5th c.BC+; γλαυκόχροα κόσμον ἐλαίας, of an olive-wreath, Refs 5th c.BC+; κ. ἀργυροῦς a service of plate, Refs 2nd c.BC+: plural, ornaments, Refs 5th c.BC+: metaphorically, of ornaments of speech, such as epithets, Refs 4th c.BC+; ἁδυμελῆ κ. κελαδεῖν to sing sweet songs of praise, Refs 5th c.BC+ __II.4 κ. νοσήματα internal complaints, Refs 2nd c.AD+ it does one credit, Refs 5th c.BC+; of persons, σὺ ἔμοιγε μέγιστος κ. ἔσει Refs 5th c.BC+ __III ruler, regulator, title of chief magistrate in Crete, Refs; collectively, body of κόσμοι, Refs; τοῦ κ. τοῖς πλίασι Refs 4th c.BC+; compare κόρμος. __IV Philos., world-order, universe, first in Refs 5th c.BC+: sometimes of the firmament, γῆς ἁπάσης τῆς ὑπὸ τῷ κόσμῳ κειμένης Refs 5th c.BC+; μετελθεῖν εἰς τὸν ἀέναον κ., of death, Refs 3rd c.BC+; but also, of earth, as opposed to heaven, ὁ ἐπιχθόνιος κ. Refs 2nd c.AD+; of any region of the universe, ὁ μετάρσιος κ. Refs 2nd c.AD+; of the sphere whose centre is the earth's centre and radius the straight line joining earth and sun, Refs 3rd c.BC+; of the sphere containing the fixed stars, Refs 5th c.BC+: in plural, worlds, coexistent or successive, Refs 6th c.BC+; also, of stars, Νὺξ μεγάλων κ. κτεάτειρα Refs 4th c.BC+; οἱ ἑπτὰ κ. the Seven planets, Refs __IV.2 metaphorically, microcosm, ἄνθρωπος μικρὸς κ. Refs 1st c.AD+; of living beings in general, τὸ ζῷον οἷον μικρόν τινα κ. εἶναί φασιν ἄνδρες παλαιοί Refs 2nd c.AD+ __IV.3 in later Gr., ={οἰκουμένη}, the known or inhabited world, NT+1st c.BC+; ὁ τοῦ παντὸς κ. κύριος, of Nero, Refs; ἐὰν τὸν κ. ὅλον κερδήσῃ NT __IV.4 men in general, φανέρωσον σεαυτὸν τῷ κ. NT; especially of the world as estranged from God by sin, NT __IV.5 οὗτος ὁ κ. this present world, i.e. earth, opposed to heaven, NT __V Pythag.name for six, Refs; for ten, Refs

יַרְדֵּן182 n.pr.fl. Jordan (according to Rel Ol§ 215 c, from ירד with ֵן for orig. ַן, cf. 𝔊 ὁ Ιορδανης; = river as flowing downward, descending, then of particular stream as river κατʼ ἐξοχήν. See also Sta§ 294e (ֵן for ֶן, but name according to Sta non-Hebr.))—abs. always הַיַּר׳ in prose Gn 13:10 + 162 times; c. ה loc. הַיַּרְדֵּ֫נָה Ju 8:4 + 3 times; יַרְדֵּן only ψ 42:7 Jb 40:23; cstr. יַרְדֵּן Nu 26:3 + 11 times Nu Jos + 1 Ch 6:63;—the river of Palestine: in all periods, chiefly Hex (122 times: Gn 5 times J; Nu 20 times P, 1 times JE; Dt 26 times; Jos 24 times JE, 20 times D, 16 times P), Ju (12 times), and S (18 times); in K 13 times; Ch 7 times; elsewhere 10 times;—הַיַּרְדֵּן הַזֶּה Gn 32:11 (J), Dt 3:27; 31:2 Jos 1:2, 11; 4:22 (all D); בְּעֵבֶר הַיַּרְדֵּן Gn 50:10, 11 (J), Jos 7:7; 24:8 (both JE), + 20 times D + Ju 5:17; 10:8 1 S 31:7; P has also מֵעֵבֶר הַיַּרְדֵּן Nu 32:19, and מֵע׳ לַיַּרְדֵּן v 19, 32; 35:14 Jos 14:3, also Jos 17:5 (JE), 18:7 (D), Ju 7:25 1 Ch 12:37; 26:30; in P peculiarly יַרְדֵּן יְרֵחוֹ the Jordan of (at) Jericho, with עַל Nu 26:3, 63; 31:12; 33:48, 50; 35:1; 36:13, with מֵעֵבֶר לְ Nu 22:1; 34:15 Jos 13:32; 20:8 (= 1 Ch 6:63), with מִן Jos 16:1 (E?); עֵבֶר הַיַּרְדֵּן Is 8:23 Dt 4:49 Jos 13:27 (P); see sub עבר; מֵי הַיַּרְדֵּן Jos 3:13(×2); 4:18, 23 (all JE), 3:8; 5:1 (both D); מֵימֵי הַיַּרְדֵּן 4:7 (JE); גְּאוֹן הַיַּר׳ Je 12:5; 49:19; 50:44 Zc 11:3 (v. גאון p. 145 a, supr.); שְׂפַת הַיּר׳ 2 K 2:13; יוֹשֵׁב עַל־הַיָּם וְעַל יַד הַיַּרְדֵּן Nu 13:29 (JE; elsewhere in Nu, P); כִּכַּר הַיַּרְדֵּן the circle of Jordan, i.e. the plain about Jericho Gn 13:10, 11 (J), 1 K 7:46 2 Ch 4:17; מַעְבְּרוֹת הַיַּר׳ Ju 3:28; 12:5, 6 fords of the Jordan; אֶל־גְּלִילוֹת הַיַּרְדֵּן אֶל־עֵבֶר בְּנֵי יִשְׂרָאֵל Jos 22:11, cf. v 10 (both P; v. גלילות supr. p. 165); אֶרֶץ יַרְדֵּן ψ 42:7 (without art. only here and in foll.); יָגִיחַ יַרְדֵּן אֶל־פִּיהוּ Jb 40:23 a Jordan bursteth forth into his mouth.

שֶׁ֫מֶשׁ133 n.f. Ju 19, 14 et m. Gn 19, 23 (Albr ZAW xv (1895), 324) sun;—abs. שׁ׳ Jos 10:12 +, שָׁ֑מֶשׁ Ju 20:43 +; sf. שִׁמְשֵׁךְ Is 60:20, שִׁמְשָׁהּ Je 15:9; pl. sf. שִׁמְשֹׁתַ֫יִךְ Is 54:12;— 1. sun, Gn 37:9 (E; + moon, stars); marking time: as rising (vb. זָרַח q.v.) Ex 22:2 (E) + 8 times + Mal 3:20 (fig. שׁ׳ צְדָקָה, of reward of the faithful, with wings, i.e. rays? Now GASm; or winged sun-disc [cf. We]?); vb. יָצָא Gn 19:23 (J), Is 13:10; Ju 5:31 (sim. of splendour; v יָצָא 1 f); setting (vb. בּוֹא) Gn 15:17 (J), Am 8:9 + 19 times, + וַיְהִי הַשּׁ׳ לָבוֹא Gn 15:12 (JE), שׁ׳ יָדַע מְבוֹאוֹ ψ 104:19 (v. בּוֹא 1 i, מָבוֹא 2); as giving daylight Is 60:9; hot 1 S 11:9; Ne 7:3; Ex 16:21 (P), cf. Is 49:10; Jon 4:8 ψ 121:6; as ripening crops Dt 33:14 (poem), cf. (fig.) Jb 8:16, tanning the face Ct 1:6; standing still at Joshua’s word Jos 10:12, 13a (poem in J; ‖ יָרֵחַ), v 13b (J), cf. Hb 3:11 (+ יָרֵחַ); casting shadow (on dial), יָֽרְדָה בְמַעֲלוֹת אָחָז בַּשּׁ׳ Is 38:8, וַתָּשָׁב הַשּׁ׳ v 8; set in sky by י׳ Je 31:25 ψ 19:5; 74:16; 136:8, enduring 72:5, 17 (cf. עִם 1 g, p. 768; [פָּנֶה] II. 4 a (e), p. 817), also 89:37; personif., called to praise י׳ 148:3 (+ יָרֵחַ); to be darkened by י׳’s judgment, Ez 32:7; Jo 2:10; 3:4; 4:15 (cf. Am 8:9 supr., Mi 3:6). 2. of direction: מִמִּזְרַח הַשּׁ׳ Nu 21:11 (E) toward sun-rise, = East, cf. Dt 4:41, 47 + 16 times (v. מִזְרָח p. 280); מְבוֹא הַשּׁ׳ Dt 11:30 + 3 times (v. מָבוֹא 2, p. 99). 3. obj. of worship (usually + moon, stars, etc.) 2 K 23:5; Je 8:2; Ez 8:16; Dt 4:19; horses given to שׁ׳ 2 K 23:11, מַרְכְּבוֹת הַשּׁ׳ v 11.—Vid. also בֵּית שׁ׳ p. 112b. 4. other phr.: †a. נֶגֶד הַשּׁ׳, i.e. openly, publicly, 2 S 12:12; Nu 25:4 (P), so לְעֵינֵי הַשּׁ׳ 2 S 12:11. †b. fig. of living, חָזָה שׁ׳ ψ 58:9, רָאָה שׁ׳ Ex 6:5; 7:11; 11:7, opp. תֶּחְשַׁךְ הַשּׁ׳ 12:2. c. תַּחַת הַשּׁ׳, i.e. on the earth, Ec 1:3 + 28 times Ec (cf. Gk. ὑφʼ ἡλίῳ, KueOnd. iii. 196; Eini. iii.192). 5. pinnacle, as glittering, shining, pl. Is 54:12 thy pinnacles, battlements (of Zion), so perhaps sg. שׁ׳ וּמָגֵן י׳ אֱלֹהִים ψ 84:12 battlement and shield is י׳ א׳ (Gr Bae Du Buhl; most sun, and so Thes De Che SS; Hup-Now hesitates).

נָהָר120 n.m. Gn 2:10 stream, river;—abs. נ׳ Gn 2:10 +; cstr. נְהַר Dt 1:7 +; pl. נְהָרִים Is 18:7 + 4 times, cstr. נַהֲרֵי Is 18:1 + 2 times; but oftener נְהָר(וֹ)ת Is 19:6 + 23 times; cstr. נַהֲרוֹת 2 K 5:12 + 2 times; sf. נַהֲרוֹתֶיךָ Ez 32:2, נַהֲרֹתַיִךְ Is 44:27, נַהֲרֹתֶיהָ Ez 31:4, 15, נַהֲרֹתָם Ex 7:19, נַהֲרוֹתָם Ez 32:2, 14; appar. du. נַהֲרַיִם Gn 24:10 + 2 times, נַהֲרָ֑יִם Ju 3:8 (v. infr.) (all in אֲרַם נ׳);— 1. stream, river, Nu 24:6 (JE), Jb 14:11; 40:23 ψ 105:41 (in sim.), Is 48:18 (id.), 59:19 (id.) + often; freq. of partic. rivers; r. of Eden Gn 2:10 and its branches v 13, 14 (all J); נְהַר מִצְרַיִם 15:18 (J; i.e., si vera l., the Nile) but read prob. נַחַל מ׳, whence נהר through infl. of foll. נהר—cf. 2 K 24:7—NöZMG xl. 1886, 699 (alternat.), LagBN 140 BallHpt; נָהָר of Nile Is 19:5; especially of Euphrates נְהַר פְּרָת Gn 15:18; Dt 1:7 (both + הַנּ׳ הַגָּדוֹל) Jos 1:4 + 8 times + 2 S 8:3 (Qr 𝔊 and ‖ 1 Ch 18:3; Kt om. פְּרָת;—cf. also Gn 2:14b supr.); oftener (of Euphr.) without פ׳: הַנָּהָר κατʼ ἐξοχήν, Gn 31:21 Ex 23:31 Nu 22:5; Jos 24:2, 3, 14, 15 (all E), poss. also Gn 36:37 (P; cf. Di) = 1 Ch 1:48, + 13 times + 2 S 8:3 Kt (v. supr.); and even without art. (poet.) † Is 7:20; Je 2:18 Mi 7:12; Zc 9:10; ψ 72:8; הַנּ׳ הַגּ׳ once of Tigris †Dn 10:4; †נְהַר גוֹזָן (חבור) 2 K 17:6; 18:11 cf. 1 Ch 5:26; pl. נַהֲרֵי כוּשׁ Zp 3:10; perhaps of a canal: נְהַר־כְּבָר Ez 1:1, 3 + 6 times Ez; הַנָּהָר אַהֲוָא Ezr 8:21, נְהַר א׳ v 31; cf. נַהֲרוֹת בָּבֶל ψ 137:1; canals poss. also in שַׁעֲרֵי הַנּ׳ Na 2:7 (of Nineveh); of canals of Egypt Ex 7:19 (‖ יְאֹרִים etc.), 8:1 (‖ id.). 2. נְהָרוֹת (מִבְּכִי) Jb 28:11 usually understood of (underground) streams; SzoldComm. Jb GrMonatsschr. 1887, 410 and PerlesAnalekten. 69 proposes נִבְכֵי נ׳ sources of rivers (cf. 36:16); Wetzst Hoffm Bu מַבְּכֵי נ׳ (not elsewhere) with similar meaning. 3. fig. of י׳s favour ψ 46:5.���On נַהֲרַיִם ending appar. du., v. ארם" dir="rtl" >אֲרַם; Tel Am. Na-ri-ma, Naḫrima (WklTelAm.40), and Egyptian Nhrina (WMMAs. u. Eur. 249 ff.) point however to orig. ending ִים; this inconsistent with view of EMeyGesch. § 180 that ַיִם here a locative ending (cf. Ba§ c. Anm. 1 BuhlGes 12), v. also Di Gn 24:10.

θάλασσα [θᾰ], Attic dialectθᾰλᾰμ-ττα Refs (but θάλασσα 22.236 Refs 4th c.BC+, ἡ: —sea, Refs 8th c.BC+: frequently of the Mediterranean sea, ἥδε ἡ θ. Refs 5th c.BC+; ἡ παρ᾽ ἡμῖν θ. Refs 5th c.BC+; ἡ ἐντὸς καὶ κ. ἡ. λεγομένη θ. Refs 1st c.BC+; ἡ ἔσω θ. Refs 4th c.BC+; ἡ ἔξω θ., of the Ocean, Refs; ἡ Ἀτλαντικὴ θ. Refs; ἡ μεγάλη θ. Refs 1st c.AD+; of a salt lake, Refs 5th c.BC+; κατὰ θάλασσαν by sea, opposed to πεζῇ, Refs 5th c.BC+; opposed to κατὰ γῆς, Refs 5th c.BC+; κατά τε γῆν καὶ κατὰ θ. Refs 5th c.BC+; τῆς θ. ἀνθεκτέα ἐστί one must engage in maritime affairs, Refs 5th c.BC+; οἱ περὶ τὴν θ. sea-faring men, Refs 4th c.BC+ a sea of troubles, Refs 4th c.BC+; ὁ Κρὴς τὴν θ. (i.e. ἀγνοεῖ), of pretended ignorance, Refs __2 sea-water, ἔστω ἐν χαλκῷ ἡ θ. Refs 5th c.BC+ __3 well of salt water, said to be produced by a stroke of Poseidon's trident, in the Acropolis at Athens, Refs 5th c.BC+ __4 channel, LXX __5 χαλκῆ θ. laver,LXX __6 θ. κοίλη wooden theatre, Refs 2nd c.AD+ —For the _Laconian dialect_ form σάλασσα, see at {θαλασσομέδων}.

I. עָנָן87 n.m. Ex 19:16 cloud-mass, cloud;—(הֶ)ע׳ abs. Ex 19:9 +; cstr. עֲנַזִ Ho 6:4 +; sf. עֲנָֽנְךָ Nu 14:14, עֲנָנוֹ Jb 26:9; 37:15; pl. עֲנָנִים Je 4:13;— 1. cloud-mass: a. especially of theophanic cloud (58 times), chiefly at Exodus in JE (less often P), usually עַמּוּד הֶע׳ Ex 13:21, 22 + (v. עַמּוּד), but also ע׳ alone Ex 34:5 cf. 14:20 (J), Nu 10:34; 11:25; 14:14 (all JE); עַב־הֶע׳ Ex 19:9, ע׳ כָּבֵד v 16 (E); ע׳ in P Ex 16:10; 24:15 + 23 times; also Dt 1:33; 4:11; 5:19, ψ 78:14; 105:39; in temple 1 K 8:10, 11 = 2 Ch 5:13, 14, cf. Ez 1:4; 10:3, 4; hence in gen. ψ 97:2, as symbol of protection Is 4:5; as a barrier La 3:44; cf. וע׳ אֲבַק רַגְלָיו Na 1:3. b. of rain-bow cloud Gn 9:13, 14(×2), 16 (P), Ez 1:28 (sim.). c. עֲנַן־בֹּקֶר Ho 6:4; 13:3 (sim. of transitoriness; on phenom. in Pal. v. ChaplinPEQ, 1883, 19), cf. Is 44:22; Jb 7:9 (both id.); sim. of invasion Ez 38:9, 16, pl. Je 4:13. d. poet. in various connex. Jb 26:8, 9; 38:9; c. אוֹר as thunder-cloud 37:11, 15; e. symbol. of gloom Ez 30:18; 32:7; יוֹם ע׳ וַעֲרָפֶל Zp 1:15; Ez 34:12; Jo 2:2, cf. Ez 30:3 (all of day of י׳). †2. ע׳ קְטֹרֶת Lv 16:13 (P) cloud of incense, so Ez 8:11 (del. ע׳ 𝔊 Co Berthol, not Toy).

† I. בּוֹר n.m. Gn 37:20 pit, cistern, well (= בְּאֹר, MI בר, Arabic بُؤْرَةٌ hole or hollow for cooking, Assyrian bûrtum DlPr 182, bûru Lotz TP 169)—בּ׳ abs. Gn 37:22 +; בֹּר Ex 21:33 (2 S 23:20 Qr, v. באר supr.); cstr. בּוֹר 2 K 10:14 + (2 S 23:15, 16 Qr, v. באר supr.); בֹּ֫רָה (ָה loc.) Gn 37:24; sf. בּוֹרוֹ Is 36:16 = בֹּרוֹ 2 K 18:31; בּוֹרֶ֑ךָ Pr 5:15; pl. בֹּרוֹת Gn 37:20 + 3 times; בֹּרֹת Dt 6:11:— 1. cistern, containing water, made by digging (חצב) Dt 6:11 2 Ch 26:10 Ne 9:25; also (without ref. to origin) Pr 5:15 (‖ בְּאֵר), Lv 11:36 (‖ מַעְיָן), 1 S 19:22 Is 36:16 = 2 K 18:31. 2. later appar. well (= בְּאֵר) 1 Ch 11:17, 18 = Qr 2 S 23:15, 16 (yet now no well at Bethlehem RobBR i. 470, 473 cf. also Surveyiii. 28 Guérin Judée i. 130) cf. Ec 12:6 & Je 6:7 Kt כְּהָקִיר בו֯ר מֵימֶיהָ as a well casteth out its water (Qr בַּיִר); but הקיר perhaps keep cool, fresh 𝔊 𝔙 Hi Gf 3. pit Ex 21:33 (vb. פתח), v 33 (כרה), cf. v 34; cf. fig. ψ 7:16 of wickedness (‖ שַׁחַת; vb. כרה, חפר); 1 S 13:6 as hiding-place; 2 S 23:20 (Qr) = 1 Ch 11:22 2 K 10:14 בּוֹר בֵּית עֵ֫קֶד; of pit into wh. Joseph was cast Gn 37:20, 22, 24 (וְהַבּוֹר רֵק אֵין בּוֹ מ֑יִם) v 28, 29(×2) (JE) cf. further Je 41:7, 9; fig. of Sarah as mother of Israel מַקֶּבֶת בּ׳ Is 51:1; fig. of calamity ψ 40:3 בּוֹר שָׁאוֹן; cf. ψ 88:7 בּ׳ תַּחְתִּיּוֹת. 4. dungeon (pit with no water in it Je 38:6 Zc 9:11 cf. Gn 37:24 supr.) Gn 40:15; 41:14 (E) Is 24:22 Je 38:6(×2) (בּ׳ אֵין מַיִם) v 7, 9, 10, 11, 13; also בֵּית הַבּוֹר prison Ex 12:29 Je 37:16; fig. of exile Zc 9:11 (מִבּוֹר אֵין מַיִם בּוֹ); cf. also La 3:53, 55. 5. (poet. & late; never c. art.) pit of the grave Pr 28:17; so אַבְנֵי ב׳ stones of the pit Is 14:19 (of sepulchre, walled with stones) & of Sheʾôl ψ 30:4 (‖ שׁאול); יַרְכְּתֵי ב׳ loins of (the) pit, i.e. remotest pit Is 14:15 (‖ שׁאול) Ez 32:23 especially in phrase יוֹרְדֵי בוֹר those going down to (the) pit ψ 28:1; 143:7 Is 38:18 Ez 26:20; 32:25, 29, 30; also, (‖ שׁאול), ψ 88:5 Pr 1:12; further Ez 26:20 32:18, 24 (all ‖ אֶרֶץ תַּחְתִּיּוֹת), 31:14, 16 (both ‖ אֶרֶץ תַּחְתִּית; v 14 ‖ also מָוֶת, v 16 שְׁאוֹל).

† יְאֹר, יְאוֹר n.m. Ex 7:21 stream of the Nile, stream, canal (Egyptian loan-word = Egyptian ’iotr, ’ioʾr, watercourse, Copt. eioor, ior; also ’iotrʿo, ’io’rʿo, Copt. eiero, iaro, Nile, SteindorffBAs i. 612; in Assyrian i̯a’uru, stream, ’Iaruʾû, river Nile, Id.ib., Hptib. 171 Jägerib 466)—abs. הַיְאֹר Gn 41:1 + 37 times; הַיְאוֹר Is 19:8; הַיְ֫אֹרָה Ex 1:22; יְאוֹר Is 19:7(×3) + 2 times; כָּאֹר (error for כַּיְאֹר) Am 8:8; cstr. כִּיאֹר Am 9:5; כִּיאוֹר Am 8:8; sf. יְאֹרִי Ez 29:3 b (Co יאר, cf. v 9 and 𝔖 𝔗); pl. יְאֹרִים Ex 8:1 + 4 times; cstr. יְאֹרֵי Is 7:18 + 2 times; יְאוֹרֵי 2 K 19:24; sf. יְאֹרֶיךָ Ez 29:4(×2), 5 + v 4 (del. 𝔊 Co) + 29:10 (Co יְאֹרְךָ); יְאֹרָיו Ez 29:3; יְאֹרֵיהֶם Ex 7:19 ψ 78:44;— 1. stream of the Nile, river Nile, usually c. art. Gn 41:1, 2, 3(×2), 17, 18 Ex 1:22; 2:3, 5(×2); 4:9(×2); 7:15, 17, 18(×3), 20(×2), 21(×3), 24(×2), 28; 8:5, 7; 17:5 (all JE), Am 8:8; 9:5 Is 19:7(×3), 8; 23:3 (‖ שִׁחֹר), v 10 Je 46:7, 8 (sim. of Egyptian invasion), Ez 29:3b (read יאר, v. supr.), v 9 Zc 10:11; more fully יְאֹר מִצְרַיִם Am 8:8; 9:5. 2. pl.: a. 3, יְאֹרֵי מִצְרַים Is 7:18; יְאֹרֵי מָצוֹר 19:6 (‖ נְהָרוֹת), 37:25 = 2 K 19:24; v. also Na 3:8 Ex 7:19; 8:1 (both P; ‖ נְהָרֹת, אֲגַמִּים etc.), ψ 78:44 (‖ נֹזְלִים), Ez 29:3, 4(×2), 5, 10 + v 4 MT (but del. 𝔊 Co), 30:12. b. watercourses in gen., יְאֹרִים רַחֲבֵי יָדָ֑יִם Is 33:21 (‖ נְהָרִים; cf. NH יְאוֹר, late Aramaic יְאוֹרָא). 3. shafts, made in mining Jb 28:10 (בַּצּוּרוֹת). 4. יְאֹר, sg., of Tigris, Dn 12:5(×2), 6, 7 (cf. 10:4).

† I. עֲרָבָה61 n.f. desert-plain, steppe; abs. ע׳ 2 S 4:7 +, sf. עַרְבָתָהּ Is 51:3; pl. עֲרָבוֹת Je 5:6 ψ 68:5, cstr. עַרְבוֹ�� 2 K 25:5 +, עַרְבֹת Je 52:8;— 1. earliest use: a. arid steppe W. of Dead Sea (in S. Judah) 1 S 23:24, also Ez 47:8; Is 51:3, whence name יָם הָע׳ Jos 3:16 (JE ‖ יָם הַמֶּלַח), also 2 K 14:25; Dt 4:49, and (‖ id.) 3:17 Jos 12:3 (D); נַחַל הָעֲרָבָה Am 6:14 must be E. of Dead Sea, si vera l., but read prob. נ׳ מִצְרַיִם v. נַ֫חַל" dir="rtl" >נַחַל. b. Jordan-valley W. of river + adjacent plain; near ford (opp. Jericho) 2 S 2:29, cf. Jos 8:14 (JE); also Dt 11:30; 2 K 25:4 = Je 39:4 = 52:7;—2 S 15:28; 17:16 v. עֲבָרָה" dir="rtl" >עֲבָרָה. c. Jordan-valley E. of river 2 S 4:7. 2. in D: a. especially of E. Jordan plain Dt 1:1 (prob.) Jos 12:1, 3, E. half of Jordan-valley Dt 3:17; 4:49; of entire Jordan-valley (between כִּנֶּרֶת and Dead Sea, mod. El-Ghôr, the Depression) Dt 1:7; Jos 11:2, 16; W. Jordan plain only Jos 12:8; depression S. of Dead Sea (mod. Wady el-ʿArabah) Dt 2:8. 3. in P always pl. cstr. עַרְבוֹת מוֹאָב (E. Jordan) Nu 22:1 + 11 times (v. מוֹאָב); ע׳ יְרֵחוֹ (W. Jordan) Jos 4:13; 5:10, also 2 K 25:5 = Je 39:5 = 52:8. 4. appar. N. Arabian desert Is 40:3; 41:19. 5. in gen. the steppe (often ‖ מִדְבָּר), Je 17:6; 50:12 Is 33:9; 35:1, 6; Jb 24:5; 39:6 ψ 68:5; זְאֵב עֲרָבוֹת Je 5:6 (fig. of invader); cf. description of Exodus אֶרֶץ עֲרָבָה וְשׁוּחָה Je 2:6; in sim., of a plain, of future land of Judah Zc 14:10.—Vid. Dr Dt 1:1 and reff. BuhlGeogr. 111.

ἐρῆμος, ον, feminine ἐρήμη Refs 8th c.BC+: Attic dialect ἔρημος, ον, accusative to Hdn.Gr.Refs: comparative -ότερος Refs 5th c.BC+: superlative -ότατοςRefs 5th c.BC+:—desolate, lonely, solitary, __1 of places, ἐς νῆσον ἐρήμην Refs 8th c.BC+; τὰ ἐ. τῆς Λιβύης the desert parts.., Refs 5th c.BC+; ἡ ἐρῆμος (i.e. χώρα) Refs 5th c.BC+; empty, πνύξ Refs 5th c.BC+ __2 of personsor animals, τὰ δ᾽ ἐρῆμα φοβεῖται (i.e. the sheep), Refs 8th c.BC+; frequently of poor, friendless persons, Refs 5th c.BC+; ἐρημότεροι, opposed to δυνατώτεροι, Refs 5th c.BC+solitary, not gregarious, Refs 1st c.AD+ adverb, ἔρημα κλαίω I weep in solitude, Refs 5th c.BC+; ἔρημον ἐμβλέπειν to look vacantly, Refs 5th c.BC+ __3 of conditions, πλάνος Refs 5th c.BC+ __II with genitive, reft of, void or destitute of, [χώρη] ἐ. πάντων Refs 5th c.BC+; τῇ ἦν ἐρημότατον τῶν πολεμίων (i.e. τὸ τεῖχος) Refs 5th c.BC+ __II.2 of persons, bereft of, συμμάχων Refs 5th c.BC+; so ἔ. οἶκος a house without heirs, Refs 4th c.BC+ __II.3 with no bad sense, wanting, without, ἐσθὴς ἐρῆμος ὅπλων Refs 5th c.BC+; free from, ἀνδρῶν κακῶν ἔρημος πόλις Refs 5th c.BC+ __III ἐρήμη, rarely ἔρημος (with or more commonly without γραφή, δίκη, δίαιτα), ἡ, an undefended action, in which one party does not appear, and judgement goes against him by default, ἤλπιζε.. τὴν γραφὴν..ἐρήμην ἔσεσθαι would be undefended, Refs 5th c.BC+; δίκην εἷλον ἐρήμην I got judgement by default, Refs 5th c.BC+; τὴν ἔρημον δεδωκότα having given it by default in one's favour, Refs 4th c.BC+; ἔρημον ὦφλε δίκην he let it go by default, Refs 5th c.BC+; ἐρήμην κατηγορεῖν to accuse in a case where there was no defence, Refs 5th c.BC+; ἐρήμην or ἐξ ἐρήμης κρατεῖν, Refs 2nd c.AD+ __III.2 unclaimed, vacant, Refs 4th c.BC+ __III.3 for ἐρήμας τρυγᾶν see entry τρυγάω.

† [שְׁמַ֫יִן] n.m. pl. heavens (BH [שָׁמַי], שָׁמַיִם, √ שׁמה);—always emph. שְׁמַיָּא: 1. visible sky Je 10:11 Dn 4:8, 10, 17, 19, 20, 27, 28; עוֹף שׁ׳ 2:38; צִפְּרֵי שׁ׳ 4:9, 18; טַל שׁ׳ v 12, 20, 22, 30; 5:21; רוּחֵי שׁ׳ 7:2 winds of the sky; עֲנָנֵי שׁ׳ v 13; heavens + earth = universe Je 10:11, where God shews signs Dn 6:28. 2. heavens as abode of God Dn 2:28; 4:31, hence, fig., as ruling v 23 (שׁ׳ sometimes = God in NH J Aram., DWorte Jesu 179; Eng. Tr. 218 f.); as abode of angels v 32 (Dr); elsewhere in phr. אֱלָהּ שׁ׳ 2:18, 19, 37, 44 Ezr 5:11, 12; 6:9, 10; 7:12, 21, 23(×2) מֶלֶךְ שׁ׳ Dn 4:34, מָרֵא שׁ׳ 5:23.

† I. אִי n.m. Is 20:6 (†f. Is. 23:2) coast, region (contr. from אֱוִי so Ol§ 152 b; place whither one betakes oneself for resting, etc., orig. from mariner’s standpoint)—אִי abs. Is 20:6 +; cstr. Je 47:4; (Jb 22:30 v. sub IV. אִי cf. Di) pl. אִיִּים ψ 72:10 +; אִיִּן Ez 26:18 (Co איים) אִיֵּי Gn 10:5 +;—coast, border region (mostly late), of Philistia & Phoenicia with adjacent country Is 20:6; 23:2, 6; so of Caphtor (= Crete) Je 47:4; מַלְכֵי הָאִי אֲשֶׁר בְּעֵבֶר הַיָּם Je 25:22; elsewhere pl., coasts of Kittim Je 2:10; Ez 27:6, of Elishah v 7; different countries (on or in sea) v 3, 15, 35; 26:15, 18(×2) (last del. Co cf. 𝔊) cf. 39:6, so also אִיֵּי הַגּוֹיִם Gn 10:5 (P); partic. אִיֵּי הַיָּם = coast-lands & islands Is 11:11; 24:15, ‖ הָאָרֶץ Est 10:1; v. (without הַיָּם) Dn 11:18, & ψ 72:10, so often Is 2 incl. inhabitants, 41:1, 5; 42:4, 10 (אִיִּים וְישְׁבֵיהֶם ‖ הַיָּם וּמְלֹאוֹ) v 12; 49:1; 51:5; 59:18; 60:9; 66:19; cf. Je 31:10 ψ 97:1, Zp 2:11 (אִיֵּי הַגּוֹיִם); islands, distinctly (taken up by י׳ as little things) Is 40:15; coasts, banks, i.e. habitable lands Is 42:15 (‖ נְהָרוֹת).

† תֵּבֵל n.f. Na 1:5 (appar. m. Is 14:17) world, poet. synon. of אֶרֶץ (perhaps orig. as productive, cf. יְבוּל, בּוּל, but this sense not clearly maintained; cf. also Assyrian tabalu in êlî tabali, by land, ‖ êlî nâru, by water (river) MeissnerZA 1889, iv. 3, 261, 263, 265 f. SASm Assyrian Letters iv. pl. viii. ix, 1. 33)—usually abs. ת׳ (no art.), cstr. Jb 37:12 Pr 8:31; world, usually ‖ אֶרֶץ: 1 S 2:8 (י׳ set ת׳ on מְצֻקֵי אֶרֶץ), Is 14:21; 24:4; 34:1 Je 10:12 = 51:15, 1 Ch 16:30 (‖ ψ 96:10 infr.) Jb 34:13 ψ 19:5; 77:19 = 97:4, 90:2; 96:13 (+ עַמִּים), 98:9 (+ id.); ת׳ וְיֹשְׁבֵי בָהּ Na 1:5 ψ 24:1; יֹשְׁבֵי ת׳ 33:8 Is 18:3 (‖ שֹׁכְנֵי ארץ), 26:9, 18 La 4:12; ת׳ וּמְלֹאָהּ ψ 89:12 (+ שָׁמַיִם, cf. ארץ ומלאה 24:1); עַל־פְּנֵי ת׳ אָ֑רְצָה Jb 37:12 upon the face of the world of earth (earthly world, the whole expanse of earth); בְּת׳ אַרְצוֹ Pr 8:31; on the other hand עַפְרוֹת ת׳ v 26; ת׳ alone Jb 18:18; other combin. ת׳ וּמְלֹאָהּ ψ 50:12 (cf. 89:12 supr.); פְּנֵי־ת׳ Is 27:6 (cf. Jb 37:12 supr.); מֹסְדוֹת ת׳ 2 S 22:16 foundations of the world = ψ 18:16, cf. תִּכּוֹן ת׳ ψ 93:1; 96:10 (= 1 Ch 16:30); world as object of י׳’s judgment 9:9 (‖ לְאֻמִּים; v. also 96:13 supr.), cf. ת׳ וישׁבי בה 98:7 (‖ יַם), Is 13:11 (‖ רשׁעים); as devastated by Babylonian conqueror Is 14:17 (‖ עָרָיו).

† תְּהוֹם n.f. Gn 7:11 + 7 times et. m. Jb. 28:14 + 5 times (AlbrZAW xvi (1896), 62 Köii. 2. 167 Ency. Bib. Deep) deep, sea, abyss (almost always poet.);—abs. ת׳ Gn 1:2 +; pl. abs. תְּהֹמוֹת ψ 77:17 +, etc., בַּתּ׳ Is 63:13 ψ 106:9 (only here c. art.); cstr. תְּהוֹמוֹת 71:20 (but v. 5 infra);— 1. deep, of subterranean waters, Gn 49:25 (poem in J; opp. שָׁמַיִם), Dt 33:13 (opp. id.); מַעְיְנוֹת ת׳ רַבָּה Gn 7:11; 8:2 (P; ‖ אֲרֻבֹּת הַשָּׁמַיִם), עִינוֹת ת׳ Pr 8:28 (‖ שְׁחָקִים), Jb 28:14; 38:16 (both ‖ יָם); תְּהוֹם רַבָּה Am 7:4 (prob.), מִשְׁפָּטֶיךָ ת׳ רַבָּה ψ 36:7 (opp. צִדְקָֽתְךָ כְּהַרְרֵי אֵל), Is 51:10 (perhaps); so pl. תְּהֹמוֹת, Pr 8:24 (‖ מַעְיָנוֹת), 3:20 (opp. שְׁחָקִים), and prob. ψ 33:7 (‖ מֵי הַיָּם), 135:6 (+ יַמִּים). 2. (deep) sea, overwhelming Tyre Ez 26:19 (‖ הַמַּיִם הָרַבִּים), roaring at theoph Hb 3:10; in gen., ‖ יָם, Jb 38:30 (פְנֵי ת׳); ‖ מַיִם Jon 2:6; alone Jb 41:24; fig., ת׳ אֶל־ת׳ קוֹרֵא ψ 42:8 (‖ מִשְׁבָּרִים, גַּלִּים; but poss. here of Jordan, cf. 4); in pl. = abysses of sea, Ex 15:5, 8 (of Red Sea, so) Is 63:13 ‖ ψ 106:9, ψ 77:17; also 78:15 (in sim.), 107:26 (poet. of hollows of great waves, opp. שָׁמַיִם; vaguely, כָּל־תְּהֹמוֹת ψ 135:6; 148:7. 3. primaeval ocean, deep, in Heb. cosmogony, פְּנֵי ת׳ Gn 1:2 (P; ‖ פְּנֵי הַמַּיִם), Pr 8:27 (‖ שָׁמַיִם), ψ 104:6.—(cf., further, GunkSchöpfung u. Chaos 21 ff. OCWhitehouseHast. DB Cosmogony ZimKAT3, 492 f., 509 f., 585). 4. deep, depth, of river Ez 31:4 (Nile; ‖ מַיִם, + נַהֲרוֹתֶיהָ), v 15 (‖ id.); pl. of bursts of water fertilizing Canaan, יוצאים בבקעה ובהר Dt 8:7 (+ עֲיָנֹת, נַחֲלֵי מַיִם).—On ψ 42:8 v. 2. 5. abyss (si vera l.): תְּהוֹמוֹת הָאָרֶץ = She’ôl, ψ 71:20, but Ol We תַּחְתִּיּוֹת.

† גַּל n.m. Gn 31:48 heap, wave, billow (as rolled together, rolling, rolling up), also spring, MT Ct 4:12 cf. 3 infr.—abs. גַּל Jb 8:17 + 5 times (incl. הַגַּל Gn 31:48 +); גָּ֑ל Gn 31:46; הַגָּ֑ל Gn 31:46; לַגָּ֑ל Is. 25:2; cstr. גַּל־ Jos 7:26 + 2 times + Gn 31:47, 48 q.v. infr.; pl. גַּלִּים 2 K 19:25 + 6 times; cstr. גַּלֵּי־ Is 48:18; sf. גַּלָּיו ψ 89:10 + 6 times; גַּלֵּיהֶם ψ 65:8 + 2 times;— 1. heap of stones, a. ג׳ אבנים raised (הקים) over dead body Jos 7:26; 8:29; cf. 2 S 18:17 (c. הִצִּיב). b. גַּל alone Jb 8:17 (roots wrapped about it). c. heap or pile made (עשׂה) for use in ratifying compact of Jacob with Laban Gn 31:46(×2), 48, 51, 52(×3) cf. also גַּלְעֵד" dir="rtl" >גַּלְעֵד n.pr. d. heap of ruins Is 25:2; elsewhere pl. Ho 12:12 2 K 19:25 = Is 37:26 Jb 15:28 Jer. 9:10; 51:37. 2. waves (rollers) poet., only pl., waves of sea Je 5:22; 31:35 Is 51:15 Jb 38:11 ψ 65:8; 89:10; 107:25, 29; cf. also in simile Ez 26:3 Is 48:18 (גַּלֵּי־הַיָּם); fig. of chastisements from י׳ ψ 42:8 (‖ מִשְׁבָּרִים) Jon 2:3 (‖ id.); of army of Babylon’s conqueror Je 51:42, 55; cf. Zc 10:11 (VB; but BevJPh. xviii. 88 proposes גִּבְלִים cf. Ez 27:9). 3. spring, Ct 4:12 גַּן נָעוּל אֲחוֹתִי כַּלָּ֑ה גַּל נָעוּל מַעְיָן חָתוּם a garden barred (is) my sister, bride, a spring barred, a fountain sealed; but גַּן for גַּל 𝔊 𝔖 𝔙.

ἥλιος, ὁ, Epic dialect ἠέλιος, as always in Refs 8th c.BC+ (except in the late passage Refs 8th c.BC+: Doric dialect ἀέλιος [ᾱ] Refs 5th c.BC+, but ἅλιος [ᾱ], Refs 5th c.BC+: Cretan dialect ἀβέλιος (i.e. ἀϝ-), Refs 5th c.AD+: Aeolic dialect ἀέλιος Refs 7th c.BC+; ἄλιος Refs 7th c.BC+ ἀέλιος (or ἁ-) Refs 4th c.BC+:— sun, Refs 8th c.BC+; ὁρᾶν φάος ἠελίοιο to see the light of life, live, Refs, etc.; ὑπ᾽ ἠελίῳ τε καὶ οὐρανῷ ἀστερόεντι ναιετάουσι Refs 5th c.BC+; also ὑπὸ ἡλίου ἑωρᾶσθαι Refs 5th c.BC+; ὥσπερ σελήνη γ᾽ ἡλίῳ (i.e. ὅμοιος) a pale reflection, Refs __2 to determine the cardinal points, πρὸς ἠῶ τ᾽ ἠέλιόν τε towards the Refs 8th c.BC+; πρὸς ἠῶ τε καὶ ἡλίου ἀνατολάς, opposed to πρὸς ἑσπέρην, Refs 5th c.BC+; οἱ ἀπὸ ἡλίου ἀνατολέων Αἰθίοπες the eastern.. , Refs __3 day, Refs 5th c.BC+; a day, Refs 5th c.BC+; later, year, Refs 3rd c.BC+ __4 sunshine, sun's heat, ἐπὶ τοῖς ὄρεσιν Refs 5th c.BC+; πολὺντὸν ἥ. ἐμφαίνειν, of a sunburnt person, Refs: plural, sunbeams, Refs 4th c.BC+; hot sunny days, Refs 5th c.BC+ __5 metaphorically, sunshine, brightness, ψυχῆς Refs 1st c.AD+; of a person, Ἑλλάνων δόξης δεύτερον Ἀέλιον Refs; of Refs 1st c.BC+; νέος Ἥ., of Nero and Caligula, Refs __II as proper name, Helios, the sun-god, Refs 8th c.BC+; νὴ τὸν Ἥ. Refs 4th c.BC+; ὑπὸ Δία Γῆν Ἥλιον, in manumission-formula, Refs 1st c.AD+; [Ἥλιος] δούλους ἐλευθέρους ποιεῖ Refs 2nd c.AD+; identified with Apollo, Refs 5th c.BC+ __II.2 Ἡλίου ἀστήρ, of the planet Refs 5th c.BC+ sāwelios, cf. Cretan dialect ἀβέλιος, Lithuanian sáulė, Latin sōl.)

II. עָב33 n.m. Is 19, 1 and (1 K 18:44 KöSynt. 163) f. dark cloud, cloud-mass, thicket;—ע׳ abs. 1 K 18:44 +, cstr. Is 18:4; Pr 16:15; pl. עָבִים Ju 5:4 +, עָבוֹת 2 S 23:4 ψ 77:18; cstr. עָבֵי 2 S 22:12 ψ 18:12; sf. עָבָיו ψ 18:13 (but prob. del., v. עבר Qal ad fin.);— 1. dark cloud: a. rain-cloud Ju 5:4; Is 5:6; 1 K 18:44, 45 + 9 times. b. as high Is 14:14 Jb 20:6, + Ez 19:11; 31:3, 10, 14 (reading עָבוֹת, v. עֲבֹת). c. chariot of י׳ Is 19:1 ψ 104:3; covering his eyes Jb 22:14. d. casting shadow Is 25:5, cf. 2 S 23:4. e. as swift Is 60:8, and transient 44:22; Jb 30:15 (all sim.). f. disposed by God Jb 36:29; 37:16. g. ע׳ טַל Is 18:4 cloud of dew, dew-mist (sim.). 2. (cloud-) mass, ע׳ שְׁחָקִים 2 S 22:12 masses of clouds (enwrapping י׳) = ψ 18:12 (v 13 v. supr.). 3. thicket as refuge Je 4:29 (perhaps under Aramaic influence).—עַב Ex 19:9 v. עֲבִי" dir="rtl" >עֲבִי sub עָבָה" dir="rtl" >עבה. 1. עָב v. p. 712 supr.

† I דָּמָה vb. be like, resemble (NH id., Aramaic דְּמֵי, דְּמָא, ܕܡܳܐ cf. דמין, ܕܡܰܝܳܐ price, Nab. דמי id. (Nö in EutNab.Inscr. p. 35); also ܕܡܽܘܬܳܐ, and ܕܽܘܡܝܳܐ likeness (whence Arabic دُمْيَةٌ image, effigy, as loan-wd. Frä272) cf. דְּמוּת)— Qal Pf. 3 ms. ד׳ Ez 31:8 ψ 144:4; 3 fs. דָּֽמְתָה Ct 7:8; 2 ms. דָּמִיתָ Ez 31:2, 18; 1 s. דָּמִיתִי ψ 102:7; 3 pl. דָּמוּ Ez 31:8; 1 pl. דָּמִינוּ Is 1:9; Impf. 3 ms. יִדְמֶה ψ 89:7; 1 pl. וְנִדְמֶה consec. Is 46:5; Imv. ms. דְּמֵה Ct 2:17; 8:14; Pt. דּוֹמֶה Ct 2:9;—be like, resemble, of external appearance, sq. לְ, Ct 7:8; 2:9, 17; 8:14; sq. אֶל־ Ez 31:8(×2), 18 (all of tree, fig. of Pharaoh); of condition or quality sq. לְ Is 1:9 ψ 102:7; 144:4; so מִי … יִדְמֶה ליהוה ψ 89:7; also abs. Is 46:5; sq. אֶל Ez 31:2. Pi. Pf. דִּמָּה 2 S 21:5, דִּמִּיתָ ψ 50:21; דִּמִּיתִי Nu 33:56, Is 14:24; sf. דִּמִּיתִיךָ Ct 1:9, דִּמּוּ 2 S 21:5; Impf. יְדַמֶּה Is 10:7; 2 fs. תְּדַמִּי Est 4:13 (juss.); אֲדַמֶּה La 2:13; Ho 12:11; 2 mpl. תְּדַמְּיוּן Is 40:18; sf. תְּדַמְּיוּנִי Is 40:25; 46:5;—liken, compare; imagine, think, devise;— 1. liken, i.e. consider to be like, compare, causat. of Qal, sq. לְ of external appearance Ct 1:9; of quality or condition Is 46:5 (obj. י׳) La 2:13; sq. אֶל of external a appearance Is 40:18, 25 (both obj. God in ref. to idols); abs. use comparisons or similitudes (parables, symbols, etc.) Ho 12:11 (subj. י׳). 2. imagine, form an idea, devise 2 S 21:5 (on context cf. Dr); think, intend, sq. Inf. Nu 33:56 (J or H); Ju 20:5; Est 4:13; abs. Is 10:7; cf. 14:24; think that, sq. obj. cl. (Impf. without conj.) ψ 50:21; think of, sq. acc. ψ 48:10. Hithp. make oneself or become like; Impf; אֶדַּמֶּה לְעֶלְיוֹן Is 14:14 I will make myself like the Most High (on form cf. Ges§ 54, 2).

χώρα, Ionic dialect χώρη, ἡ, ={χῶρος}, space or room in which a thing is, defined as partly occupied space, distinguished from κενόν and τόπος, Refs 5th c.BC+ = countryRefs 8th c.BC+; χώραν τινὶ καταλιπεῖν leave room for it, Refs 1st c.AD+ __2 generally, place, spot, στρέψεσθ᾽ ἐκ χώρης ὅθι.. Refs 8th c.BC+; χώραν ἐκ χώρας μεταβάλλειν move from place to place, Refs 5th c.BC+; field in a ceiling, Refs 4th c.BC+; ἡ πρώτη χ. the first field (on the chest of Cypselus), Refs 2nd c.AD+; socket or cavity of a joint, Refs 5th c.BC+; of the eye, Refs 4th c.BC+; as euphemism for the genital organs, Refs __3 the position, proper place of a person or thing, ἐνὶ χώρῃ ἕζεται Refs 8th c.BC+: especially a soldier's post, Ἄρης οὐκ ἔνι χώρα is not at his post (or perhaps in the land,Refs 5th c.BC+; χώραν λιπεῖν, προλείπειν, Refs 5th c.BC+; μισθοφορεῖν κεναῖς χ. draw pay for unfilled vacancies, Refs 4th c.BC+ fill a person's place, Refs 6th c.AD+ take a position, find one's place, ἕως ἂν χώραν λάβῃ [τὰ πράγματα] till they are brought into position, into order, Refs 5th c.BC+; οὐκ ἂν ἔχοι χώραν νοήσεως ἡντινοῦν τὸ ἀγαθόν the Good cannot have any possibility of thinking, Refs 3rd c.AD+; σοὶ ἀστρονομεῖν χ. your province is astronomy, Refs 2nd c.AD+ time and place, ἐν ὁποία ἀξία φυτευθῆναι καὶ ὥρὰ καὶ χώρᾳ Refs 5th c.BC+; πρὸς ὥρας καὶ χώρας καὶ διαίταςRefs 4th c.BC+ b. in metric, position of a foot in a verse, τὸ δακτυλικὸν δέχεται δακτύλους καὶ σπονδείους κατὰ πᾶσαν χ. Refs 7th c.AD+ __4 metaphorically, station, place, position, ἐν χώρᾳ τινὸς εἶναι to be in his position, be counted the same as he is, ἐν ἀνδραπόδων or μισθοφόρου χώρᾳ εἶναι to be in the position of slaves or mercenaries, to pass or rank as such, Refs 5th c.BC+; ἐν οὐδεμιᾷ χ. εἶναι to have no place or rank, be in no esteem, Refs 6th c.BC+ __5 in senses Refs 5th c.BC+; εἰς τὰς ἑαυτῶν χ. πάρεισι are at their posts, Refs 5th c.BC+; ἐν χώρᾳ in one's place, at one's post, ἐν ταῖς χ. γενέσθαι Refs; ἐν χώρᾳ πίπτειν, ἀποθνῄσκειν, die at one's post, Refs; ἐπὶ χώρας ἕσσαι set it in its place, Refs 5th c.BC+; also μένειν ἐπὶ χώρας, ={μένειν κατὰ χώραν}, remain in force, Refs 2nd c.BC+; κατὰ χώρην εἶναι be in one's place, Refs 5th c.BC+; ἤλπιζον.. οὐ μενεῖν κατὰ χ. τὰ πράγματαRefsas it was, undisturbed, Refs 5th c.BC+; ἐᾶν κατὰ χ. τὴν πόλιν leave in its place, leave as it was, Refs 5th c.BC+; κατὰ χ. ἀπιέναι retire in their old order, Refs 5th c.BC+ __II land, i.e. , __II.1 a land, country, ἅς τινας ἵκεο χώρας ἀνθρώπων Refs 8th c.BC+; territory, ὁ τύραννος ἢ πόλεων ἢ χ. πολλῆς [ἐπιθυμεῖ] Refs 5th c.BC+ __II.2 landed estate, Refs 5th c.BC+. b. country town, τοὺς κήρυκας διαπέμψαντες ἐς τὰς χ. Refs 5th c.BC+ __II.3 the country, opposed to to the town, ἡ πόλις καὶ ἡ χ. Refs 5th c.BC+; ὁ ἐκ τῆς χ. γιγνόμενος σῖτοςRefs; ἐν τῇ χώρᾳ κοιταῖον γίγνεσθαι, opposed to ἐν ἄστει, Decrees cited in Refs 4th c.BC+; ἁ κοινὰ χ. (of two cities) Refs 2nd c.BC+: especially of Egypt as opposed to Alexandria, Refs 3rd c.BC+; ἡ ἄνω χ. καὶ ἡ κάτω, Upper and Lower Egypt, Refs 3rd c.BC+ alone is used in Attic dialect; whereas in signification 1 χῶρος is common, except in the special sense of one's proper place or post (χῶρος and χώρα perhaps cognate with χῆρος, χῆτος).

† יָרֵחַ n.m. Jos 10:13 moon, especially poet. (NH id.; Ph. ירח; Assyrian iriḥu, according to PinchesBOR Aug. 1888, 207; Ethiopic ወርሕ moon, month; cf. sub יֶרַח)—abs. יָרֵחַ Gn 37:9 + 25 times; sf. וִיֽרֵחֵךְ Is 60:20:—moon, usually named with sun Jos 10:12, 13 (poem in JE), ψ 72:5 (עִם־שָׁ֑מֶשׁ וְלִפְנֵי יָרֵחַ), 89:38 (in these two, a symbol of permanence), 121:6 Is 60:19 Hb 3:11 Jo 3:4; obj. of idolatrous worship Jb 31:26 (+ sun); in same sense also + sun and stars Dt 4:19; 17:3 2 K 23:5 Je 8:2; as determiner of feast-times ψ 104:19 (‖ sun); + stars, as shining by night ψ 136:9 (‖ sun, by day), so חֻקֹּת יָרֵחַ Je 31:35 (‖ id.); elsewhere + sun and stars Gn 37:9 (E), Is 13:10 Ez 32:7 Jo 2:10; 4:15 ψ 148:3 Ec 12:2; + stars ψ 8:4 Jb 25:5; with neither sun nor stars only עַד־בְּלִי יָרֵחַ ψ 72:7.

νεφέλη, ἡ, (νέφος) cloud, mass of clouds (distinguished from ὁμίχλη, mist or fog, Refs 8th c.BC+; ν. κυανέη, πορφυρέη, Refs 8th c.BC+—Mostly poetry, but found in Refs 5th c.BC+ [same places], and in late Prose, Refs 1st c.AD+ __2 metaphorically, νεφέλη δέ μιν ἀμφεκάλυψε κυανέη, of death, Refs 8th c.BC+; τὸν δ᾽ ἄχεος νεφέλη ἐκάλυψε μέλαινα a cloud of sorrow,Refs 5th c.BC+; Κενταύρου φονίᾳ νεφέλᾳ, i.e. with his blood, Refs 5th c.BC+; κελαινῶπις ν., of sleep, Refs 5th c.BC+ __II of clouds in urine, Refs 5th c.BC+ __II.2 ={νεφέλιον} 11.2, Refs 5th c.BC+ __II.3 cloud on a mirror, Refs 4th c.BC+ __III fine bird-net, in plural, Refs 5th c.BC+ __IV Alchem., sublimate, Refs 5th c.BC+

† אַרְנוֹן, אַרְנֹן n.pr.fl. Arnon, wady & stream in Moab (MI ארנן, Thes Add Rob Ges MV der. from רנן, i.e. the rushing, roaring stream)—אַרְנוֹן Nu 21:13(×2), 14 + 12 times, אַרְנֹן Nu 21:28 + 10 times—called boundary between Moab & Amorites Nu 21:13 Ju 11:18, 22 cf. גְּבוּל אַרְנֹן Nu 22:36; often נַחַל אַרְנֹן Dt 2:24, 36; 3:8, 12, 16; 4:48; 2 K 10:33; נ׳ אַרְנוֹן Jos 12:1, 2; 13:9, 16; הַנְּחָלִים אַרְנוֹן Nu 21:14; i.e. the stream-ravines that unite to form Arnon, cf. Di: also בַּמוֹת אַרְנֹן heights of Arnon Nu 21:28; מעברות אַרְנוֹן fords of Arnon Is 16:2; elsewhere Nu 21:13, 24, 26; Ju 11:13, 18, 26; syn. of Moab Je 48:20; (cf. TristrMoab 125 f.; mod. Môjib)

ἀστήρ, ὁ, genitive έρος: dative plural ἀστράσιRefs 8th c.BC+; ἄστρασι Refs 4th c.AD+:—star (see. ἄστρον), ἀστέρ᾽ ὀπωρινῷRefs 8th c.BC+; ἀ. Ἀρκτοῦρος the chief star in the constellation, Refs, etc.; shooting star or meteor, Refs 8th c.BC+ __2 flame, light, fire, Refs 5th c.BC+ __3 ἀστὴρ πέτρινος meteoric stone, Refs __II metaphorically of illustrious persons, etc., φανερώτατον ἀστέρ᾽ ἈθήναςRefs 7th c.BC+ __III star-fish, Refs 5th c.BC+ __IV name of a bird, perhaps goldfinch, Refs __V blue daisy, Aster Amellus, Refs 2nd c.BC+ __VI Samian clay used as sealing-wax, and in Medicine, Refs 4th c.BC+ __VII architectural ornament, Refs 4th c.BC+ __VIII bandage, Refs 2nd c.AD+ __VIII.2 name of various remedies, Refs __IX birthmark in form of star, Carcin. cited in Refs 4th c.BC+: in Palmistry, a mark on the hand, τῷ ύ στοιχείῳ παραπλήσιονRefs. (Cf. Sanskrit stár- `star', Latin stella (from stēr-la), Gothic stairnō.)

† שַׁ֫חַת n.f. pit;—abs. שׁ׳ ψ 7:16 +; שָׁ֑חַת 16:10 +; cstr. שַׁ֫חַת Is 38:17 ψ 35:7; sf. שַׁחְתָּם Ez 19:4, 8 (+ שַׁחְתֹּה ψ 35:8b We);— 1. pit, for catching lion (in fig.) Ez 19:4, 8; fig. פעל שׁ׳ ψ 7:16; c. עשׂה 9:16; c. חפר 35:7 (transp. שׁ׳ to v b); c. כרה 94:13 Pr 26:27; + ψ 35:8b 𝔖 We (for שׁוֹאָה); טָבַל בּשׁ׳ Jb 9:31. 2. pit of She’ôl, ירד שׁ׳ Jb 33:24; ראה (ה)שׁ׳ ψ 16:10 (‖ שְׁאוֹל), 49:10; לשׁ׳, c. הוֹרִיד Ez 28:8, and ψ 55:24 (לִבְאֵר שׁ׳); קָרֵב Jb 33:22; יָמוּת Is 51:14; עָבַר בַּשּׁ׳ Jb 33:28; יָרַד אֶל־שׁ׳ ψ 30:10; מִשּׁ׳, c. חשׁק Is 38:17 (poem), c. חְשׂךְ Jb 33:18 (מִנִּי־); c. העלה Jon 2:7; c. הֵשִׁיב Jb 33:30 (מִנִּי־); c. גאל ψ 103:4; personif. Jb 17:14 (‖ רִמָּה).—שׁ׳ here either = שְׁאוֹל (hollow place, cavern), or שְׁאוֹל (cf., from Ezek. on, בּוֹר 5; also אֲבַדּוֹן, p. 2, and עִמְקֵי שְׁאוֹל Pr 9:18. This distinction of two parts of שְׁאוֹל became important in Jewish and Christian theology).

[אֲרַע21] n.[f.] earth (so 𝔗 Syriac; = BH אֶרֶץ, q.v.);—emph. אַרְעָא Dn 2:35, 39 + 16 times Dn, Ezr 5:11; Je 10:11b; אַ֫רְעָא (D§§ 9, 5 a; 44, 1 n) = אֲרַע + א—ָ of direction, earthward, i.e. downward, אַרְעָא מִנָּךְ Dn 2:39 Kt lower than thou, i.e. inferior to thee Qr אֲרַע (cf.𝔗 אֲרַע מִן Ru 4:4);—Je 10:11a v. [אֲרַק].

† שַׁ֫חַק n.m. Pr 3:20 dust, cloud (as fine, thin);—שׁ׳ abs. ψ 89:7, 38, cstr. Is 40:15; pl. שְׁחָקִים Dt 33:26 +;— 1. fine dust, שׁ׳ מֹאזְנַיִם Is 40:15 (sim. of insignif.). 2. (thin) cloud, usually pl. (often ‖ שָׁמַיִם), Dt 33:26 (poem), Is 45:8; Je 51:9; Jb 35:5; 36:28; 37:21; 38:37 ψ 36:6; 57:11; 68:35; 77:18; 78:23; 108:5; opp. תְּהוֹם Pr 3:20; 8:28; עָבֵי שׁ׳ 2 S 22:12 = ψ 18:12; = heavens, sky Jb 37:18 (c. הִרְקִיעַ), and (sg.) ψ 89:7, 38.

† עֲלִיָּה n.f. (c. adj. masc. Je 22:14, cf. AlbrechtZAW xvi (1896), 83 KöSynt. § 251 K) roof-chamber (NH id., 𝔗 עֲלִיתָא, Syriac ܥܶܠܻܝܬܳܐ (whence Arabic عُلِّيَّة dining-room as loan-wd. Frä 20 f.); Sab. עלית DHMEpigr. Denkm. 27);—chamber on roof, cool and secluded: abs. ע׳ Ju 3:23, 24, 25 (cf. NesMarg. 13), 1 K 17:19, 23 2 K 4:11; cstr. עֲלִיַת הַמְּקֵרָה Ju 3:20, ע׳־קִיר 2 K 4:10 roof-chamber with walls (permanent); ע׳ הַשַּׁעַר 2 S 19:1, i.e. over the gateway; ע׳ הַפִּנָּה Ne 3:31, 32 i.e. at a corner of the wall; ע׳ אָחָז 2 K 23:12 (prob. built by A.); sf. עֲלִיָּתוֹ 1:2 (belonging to Ahaziah));—2 Ch 9:4 read עֹלֹתָיו (cf. ‖ 1 K 10:5); pl. abs. עֲלִיּוֹת מְרֻוָּחִים Je 22:14 spacious roof-chambers; in Sol.’s temple according to 2 Ch 3:9, so sf. עֲלִיֹּתָיו 1 Ch 28:11; more gen. עֲלִיּוֹתָיו Je 22:13; י׳’s chambers in sky ψ 104:3, containing rain, v 13.

ἐπουράνιος [ᾰ], ον, Epic dialect η, ον Refs 4th c.BC+:— heavenly, in NT+8th c.BC+; ἡ ἐ. πορεία falsa lectio in Refs 5th c.BC+ __2 plural, as substantive, οἱ ἐ., ={θεοί}, Refs 3rd c.BC+; opposed to ἐπίγειοι, NT+2nd c.AD+; τὰ ἐ., ={τὰ μετέωρα}, variant in NT+5th c.BC+ __3 up to heaven, ἔπτατ᾽ ἐπουρανίη variant in Refs 4th c.BC+

ποτᾰμός, ὁ, river, stream, Ὠκεανοῖο ἐξ οὗ περ πάντες π. Refs 8th c.BC+; π. ἁλιμυρήεις, ἀργυροδίνης, βαθυδίνης, βαθύρροος, δεινός, διιπετής, δινήεις, ἐΰρροος, ἐρίδουπος, εὐρὺ ῥέων, θεῖος, ἱερός, ἴφθιμος, καλλίροος, κελάδων, λάβρος, πλήθων, χειμάρροος, ὠκύροος, Refs 8th c.BC+; νυκτὸς π., of the rivers of hell, Refs 5th c.BC+ of extraordinary events, Refs 5th c.BC+; π. θαλάσσῃ ἐρίζεις, of unequal combats, Refs __2 metaphorically, rivers of fire or lava, Refs 5th c.BC+ __3 artificial stream, canal, Refs 3rd c.BC+ __II personified, rivergod, Refs 8th c.BC+ __III name of the constellation Eridanus, Refs 4th c.BC+

† בְּרֵכָה n.f. pool, pond (הברכה SI5; Arabic بِرْكَةٌ; Sab. ברכת Sab.Denkm.73; Aramaic בְּרֵיכְתָּא)—ב׳ 2 S 2:13(×2) 4:12 2 K 18:17 (= Is 36:2) 20:20 Ne 3:16 Is 7:3; 22:9, 11; cstr. בְּרֵכַת 2 S 2:13 1 K 22:38 Ne 2:14; 3:15 Na 2:9; pl. בְּרֵכוֹת Ec 2:6 Ct 7:5.

† רָקִיעַ n.m. Gn 1:6 extended surface, (solid) expanse (as if beaten out; cf. Jb 37:18);—abs. ר׳ Ez 1:22 +, cstr. רְ׳ Gn 1:14 +;—𝔊 στερέωμα, 𝔙 firmamentum, cf. Syriac sub √ supr.;— 1. (flat) expanse (as if of ice, cf. כְּעֵין הַקֶרַח), as base, support (WklAltor. Forsch. iv. 347) Ez 1:22, 23, 25 (gloss? cf. Co Toy), v 26 (supporting י׳’sthrone) 10:1. Hence (Co Ez 1:22) 2. the vault of heaven, or ‘firmament,’ regarded by Hebrews as solid, and supporting ‘waters’ above it, Gn 1:6, 7(×3), 8 (called שָׁמַיִם; all P), ψ 19:2 (‖ הַשָּׁמַיִם), זֹהַר הָר׳ Dn 12:3; also הַשָּׁמַיִם ר׳ Gn 1:14, 15, 17, עַל־פְּנֵי ר׳ הַשּׁ׳ v 20 (all P).*

Ἰορδάνης, -ου, ὁ (Heb. יַרְדֵּן), the Jordan: Mat.3:5, Mrk.1:5, al (From Abbott-Smith. LSJ has no entry)

οἰκουμέν-η (i.e. γῆ), ἡ, inhabited region, see at {οἰκέω} Refs 4th c.BC+; then the Greek world, opposed to barbarian lands, Refs 4th c.BC+ = the inhabited world (including non-Greek lands, as Ethiopia, India, Scythia), as opposed to possibly uninhabited regions,Refs 4th c.BC+ = our world (= Asia, Libya, Europe); οἰκουμέναι worlds,LXX+4th c.BC+; loosely, the whole world, Refs 4th c.BC+: so perhaps in some passages cited under Refs __II the Roman world, ὁ ἀγαθὸς δαίμων (etc.) τῆς οἰ., i.e. the Emperor, NT+1st c.AD+ __III ἡ οἰ. ἡ μέλλουσα the world to come, i.e. the kingdom of Christ, NT

† נְהַר14 n.m. Dn 7:10 river (v. BH I. נהר);—abs. נ׳ Dn 7:10; emph. נַהֲרָה Ezr 4:10 +, א—ָ 4:16;—river, usually of Euphr., in phr. עֲבַר נ׳ Ezr 4:10, 11, 16 + 10 times Ezr; נ׳ דִּי־נוּר Dn 7:10 a river of fire, in vision.

† גַּב n.m.? cf. Ez 43:13 (f. Ez 1:18) anything convex, curved, gibbous, e.g. back, chiefly late;—abs. גָּ֑ב Ez 16:24; cstr. גַּב Ez 43:13 (read גֹּבַהּ 𝔊 Ew Sm Co); sf. גַּבִּי ψ 129:3, גַּבֵּךְ Ez 16:31, 39; pl. cstr. גַּבֹּת Lv 14:9, גַּבֵּי Jb 13:12; 15:26; sf. גַּבֵּיהֶם 1 K 7:33, גַּבֵּהֶם Ez 10:12, גַּבֵּיהֶן Ez 1:18, גַּבֹּתָם Ez 1:18;— 1. back, of man (fig. of Isr.) ψ 129:3; appar. of cherubim Ez 10:12, but Hi Sm emend v. so that גּ׳ ref. to wheels, rim v. 6 infr. 2. mound, for illicit worship Ez 16:24, 34, 39 (all ‖ רמה); 𝔊 𝔙 lupanar, brothel, after analogy of fornix, but this without sufficient proof, & needless. 3. boss, or convex projection, of shield Jb 15:26 (fig.) he runneth against him … with the stout bosses of his shields (i.e. wicked against י׳); so ظهر in Arabic in similar phrase; cf. also Arabic جَوْبٌ, shield; also French bouclier from boucle. 4. bulwarks, breastworks, fig. for arguments לְגַבֵּי־חֹמֶר גַּבֵּיכֶם Jb 13:12 breastworks of clay are your breastworks. 5. brow, only גַּבֹּת עֵינָיו Lv 14:9 his eyebrows. 6. rim of wheel, felloe 1 K 7:33; Ez 1:18(×2); so perhaps 10:12 v. 1 supr.—Ez 43:13; elevation, i.e. basement of altar, Da after MT., but v. גֹּ֫בַהּ" dir="rtl" >גֹּבַהּ, cf. supr.

† יְשִׁימוֹן n.m. waste, wilderness;—abs. יְשִׁימוֹן 1 S 23:19 + 5 times; יְשִׁימֹן Nu 21:20 + 3 times; יְשִׁמוֹן Is 43:19; יְשִׁמֹן Dt 32:10; cstr. יְשִׁימוֹן ψ 107:4;—waste, wilderness: a. c. art., alm. n.pr. Nu 21:20 (commanded by Pisgah), 23:28 (by Peʿor; both JE), frequented by David as an outlaw 1 S 23:19, 24; 26:1, 3. Probably some part of the wilderness of Judah, bordering on Dead Sea (ConderTent Work, ch. 15; BuhlGeogr. § 61); according to others, at least in Nu. (v. Di), part of the ʿArábah NE. of the Dead Sea (in which was בֵּית הַיְשִׁימֹת Nu 33:49 al.) b. without art., a waste or wilderness (only poet.), of scene of Israel’s wanderings (after the Exodus), בְּתֹהוּ יְלֵל יְשׁ׳ Dt 32:10 (‖ בְּאֶרֶץ מִדְבָּר), ψ 68:8; 78:40; 106:14; with ref. to returning exiles Is 43:19, 20; בִּי׳דֶּרֶךְ ψ 107:4 in the waste (desert) a way (cf. 𝔊 𝔖).

λίμν-η, ἡ, pool of standing water left by the sea or a river, Refs 8th c.BC+: hence, marshy lake, mere, distinguished from ἕλος, Refs 8th c.BC+; ΓυγαίηRefs 5th c.BC+; λ. τροχοειδής, at Delos, Refs 5th c.BC+ __b also, artificial pool or basin, Refs 5th c.BC+ __2 in Refs 8th c.BC+ and other Poets, the sea, Refs 8th c.BC+: so in Trag. in Lyric poetry, λίμνᾳ πορφυροειδεῖ Refs 5th c.BC+; Μηλίδα πὰρ λ. by the Malian bay, Refs __II Λίμναι, αἱ, (used without the article), a quarter of Athens (once probably marshy), near the Acropolis, in which stood the Lenaeum, Refs 5th c.BC+ __II.2 a quarter or suburb of Sparta, Refs 1st c.BC+ __II.3 a place in Messenia, Refs

† עֲרֵמָה n.f. heap;—abs. ע׳ Ru 3:7; cstr. עֲרֵמַת Hg 2:16; Ct 7:3; pl. עֲרֵמוֹת abs. Ne 13:15 +, cstr. 3:34; abs. עֲרֵמִים Je 50:26;—heap of rubbish (עָפָר) Ne 3:34; ע׳ = ruin-heap Je 50:26; = grain-heap (of threshed grain, عَرَمَةٌ unthreshed, according to Wetzstl.c.), Hg 2:16; Ne 13:15; Ru 3:7; ע׳ חִטִּים Ct 7:3; of grain and fruit 2 Ch 31:6(×2), 7, 8, 9.

† [גֹּב] n.m. pit, den of lions (𝔗 גּוּב, Syriac ܓܽܘܒ pit;? cf.BH גֹּב n.pr.loc., √ גבב);—cstr. ג׳ Dn 6:8, 25; גּוֹב v 13; emph. גֻּבָּא v 17, 18, 20, 21, 24(×2), 25.

† פַּ֫חַת n.m. 2 S 18:17 (in 17:9 read בְּאַחַד) pit;—פ׳ abs. Je 48:13 +, פָּ֑חַת v 28; pl. פְּחָתִים 2 S 17:9;—pit, 2 S 17:9; 18:17; Je 48:28 (Gie qu. text); fig. of calamity פַּחַד וָפ׳ וָפָ֑ח Je 48:43 cf. v 44(×2) = Is 24:17 cf. v 18(×2) and La 3:47.

ἄβυσσος, ον, bottomless, unfathomed, πηγαίRefs 5th c.BC+: generally, unfathomable, boundless, πλοῦτοςRefs 5th c.BC+ __II ἡ ἄ. the great deep, LXX: the abyss, underworld, NT; the infinite void, Refs

νῆσος, Doric dialect νᾶσος, ἡ, island, Refs 8th c.BC+; ἐν τᾷ μεγάλᾳ Δωρίδι νάσῳ Πέλοπος, i.e. the Peloponnese, Refs 5th c.BC+; μακάρων νῆσοι, see at {μάκα; αἱ ν}. the islands of the Archipelago, Refs 5th c.BC+; καὶ πῶς γυνὴ.. νῆσον ἀμφιέννυτα; Refs 4th c.BC+: irregular genitive plural νησάων Refs 3rd c.BC+ __2 land flooded by the Nile, Refs 3rd c.BC+; opposed to ἤπειρος, Refs 2nd c.AD+; νῆσοι ποταμοφόρητοι Refs 2nd c.AD+; so of alluvial land in Refs

οὐράν-ιος [ᾰ], α, ον, also ος, ον Refs 5th c.BC+:— heavenly, dwelling in heaven, γέννα Refs 5th c.BC+; οὐράνιαι the goddesses, Refs 5th c.BC+the gods, Refs; of special gods, Θέμις οὐ. Refs 5th c.BC+; αἱ οὐ. θεοί, Demeter and Kore, Refs __2 generally, in or of heaven, ἀστήρ Refs 5th c.BC+; οὐ. θεᾶς βρέτας fallen from heaven, Refs 5th c.BC+; οὐ. ὕδατα, i.e. rain, Refs 5th c.BC+; so τὰ οὐ. alone, = rains, Refs 4th c.BC+; οὐ. ἄχος, of a storm, Refs 5th c.BC+ (where it may be metaphorically, compare below Refs 5th c.BC+; τὰ οὐ. the phenomena of the heavens, Refs 5th c.BC+ __II reaching to heaven, high as heaven, κίων, of Aetna, Refs 5th c.BC+; σκέλος οὐ. ἐκλακτίζειν, ῥίπτειν, kick up sky-high, Refs 5th c.BC+; of sounds, ὀμφὰν οὐ. Refs 5th c.BC+: metaphorically, mountainous, colossal, οὐ. ἄχη Refs 5th c.BC+ __III sky-blue, λίθος κυανωτάτη καὶ -ία ἰδεῖν Refs 2nd c.AD+ __IV οὐράνιον, τό, name of an eye-salve, Refs 4th c.AD+ __V adverb -ίως from the point of view of heaven, opposed to γηΐνως, Refs 5th c.BC+

σελήν-η, ἡ, Doric dialect σελάνα [λᾱ] Refs 5th c.BC+, Aeolic dialect σελάννα Refs 7th c.BC+; compare also σεληναίη:— the moon, σ. πλήθουσα the full-moon, Refs 8th c.BC+; σ. ἀεξομένη, ὀλίγη κεράεσσι, Refs 4th c.BC+; a moon's breadth, measure used by early astronomers, Refs 1st c.BC+; νουμηνία κατὰ σελήνην, i.e. by the lunar month, Refs 5th c.BC+; τὰς ἡμέρας κατὰ σ. ἄγειν Refs 3rd c.BC+; πρὸς τὴν σ. ὁρᾶν by moonlight, Refs 5th c.BC+; ἡ ἐκ τῆς σ. νόσος,= σεληνιασμός, Refs 2nd c.AD+; τὴν σ. καθελεῖν, of Thessalian witches, Refs 5th c.BC+ __b month, δεκάτῃ σελήνῃ in the tenth moon, Refs 5th c.BC+; πολλὰς σ. Refs; τὰς ἡμέρας τῆς σ. Refs 5th c.BC+ __2 a moon-shaped wheaten cake, Refs 5th c.BC+ __3 a round table, or tripod, Refs 2nd c.AD+ __4 name of a plant, Ps.-Refs 1st c.AD+ __II as feminine proper name, Selene, the goddess of the moon (never in Refs 8th c.BC+ (σελάνα, σελάννα) from *σελάσνᾱ, compare σέλας.)

† א��גַם n.[m.] troubled pool (Aramaic id., ܐܶܓܡܳܐ, As. agammu DlW)—א׳ abs. Is 35:7; cstr. 41:18 + 2t.; אֲגַמִּים Ex 8:1 + 2t.; אַגְמֵי Is 14:23; אַגְמֵיהֶם Ex 7:19— 1. troubled or muddy (gloomy) pools or marshes, pl. א׳ מַיִם Is 14:23. 2. any pool, pond, sg. א׳ מַיִם Is 41:18 ψ 107:35; 114:8; pl. without מַיִם Ex 7:19; 8:1 (P) Is 42:15. 3. swamp-reed, rush (= אַגְמוֹן) Je 51:32.

βάθος [ᾰ], εος, τό, (βαθύς) depth or height, accusative as measured up or down, Ταρτάρου βάθη Refs 5th c.BC+; βάθους μετέχειν to be a solid, possessing depth as well as length and breadth, Refs 5th c.BC+; opposed to μῆκος, πλάτος, Refs 4th c.BC+: with Preps., ἐκ βάθεος in depth, Refs 5th c.BC+; ἐκ βάθους through and through, Refs 4th c.BC+; κατὰ βάθος in a descending scale, metaphorically of causation, Refs 5th c.AD+: frequently in military sense, depth of a line of battle, Refs 5th c.BC+in depth of line, Refs 5th c.BC+; β. τριχῶν, of long thick hair, Refs 5th c.BC+; interior of a country, Refs 1st c.BC+; depth, of perspective in a picture, Refs 5th c.BC+depths, Refs 5th c.BC+; deep water, opposed to shallows near shore, LXX+NT+4th c.BC+ __b Astron., ={ταπείνωμα}, Refs 2nd c.AD+ __2 metaphorically, κακῶν ὁρῶν β. NT+5th c.BC+; depth of mind, β. τι ἔχειν γενναῖον, of Parmenides, Refs 5th c.BC+; ἐν βάθει πόσιος deep in drink, LXX+3rd c.BC+; τὰ β. τοῦ θεοῦ, τοῦ Σατανᾶ, NT __3 of literal style, bathos, ὕψους ἢ β. Refs 3rd c.AD+

† II. כְּבָר n.pr.fl. Kĕbār, a river (or perhaps a canal) of Babylonia, not at present identified, by wh. the exiles, among whom Ez. ministered, were settled; always in the phr. נְהַר כְּבָר Ez 1:1, 3; 3:15, 23; 10:15, 20, 22; 43:3 (cf. Sm Ez 1:1 DelPar. 47f., 184).

ἐπίγειος, ον, on or of the earth, terrestrial, Refs 6th c.BC+; opposed to ὑπόγειος, Refs 3rd c.AD+ __2. creeping, of plants, Refs 4th c.BC+, +others; but land-plants, opposed to water-plants, Refs 4th c.BC+; living on the ground, [ὄρνιθες], τετράποδα, Refs __3. neuter plural, ἐπίγεια ground-floor, opposed to πύργος διώρυφος, Refs 3rd c.BC+ __II. substantive ἐπίγειον, τό, misspelling of ἐπίγυον, variant in Refs 5th c.BC+

† יַבֹּק n.pr.fl. (√ prob. בקק; so Thes after Simonis, Sam. Di) מַעֲבַר (ה)יבק Gn 32:23 (where perhaps connected with אבק = יאבק); נַ֫חַל יַבּ׳ Dt 2:37, יַבּ׳ הַנַּחַל Dt 3:16 Jos 12:2, יַבֹּק Nu 21:24 (‖ אַרְנֹן, cf. Dt 3:16 Jos 12:2), הַיַּבֹּק Nu 11:13, 22 (in both, ‖ ארנון); it empties into Jordan from East, in latitude of Shechem; called (southern) boundary of Ammon Shiloh; N. border of Amorites, Nu 21:24 (v. Di), Ju 11:22; in its upper course it runs S. to N., hence (W.) border of Ammon, Dt 3:16 and (northern) of Amorites (cf. 2:37), Jos 12:2; but some confusion (Di Nu 21:24 Dt 2:37);—mod. Wady Zerqa BdPal. 181.

† חַמָּה n.f. heat, sun (poet.)—חַמָּה Is 24:23 + 4 times; חַמָּתוֹ ψ 19:7;— 1. heat of sun ψ 19:7. 2. = sun Jb 30:28; ‖ לְבָנָה moon Is 24:23; 30:26(×2) Ct 6:10.

† נֵד n.m. Jos 3:13 heap of waters; of Red Sea Ex 15:8 (song), ψ 78:13; of Jordan Jos 3:13, 16 ψ 33:7 (sim.). נֵד קָצִיר Is 17:11 harvest-heap is perhaps corrupt: Ges Ew Di Du der. from נוד, reading (probably) נָד (Di) fled is the harvest; CheHpt proposes לָכֵן therefore; Buhl Lex 13 עַד, after 𝔊 𝔗.

† II. [צִי] n.m. Je 50:39 a wild beast, proposes either desert-dweller (denom. from צִיָּה, so most), or crier, yelper (√* צוה = ضوى [yelp, Dozy], BaNB 188, cf. Ew§ 146 g, note);—in any case a specif. animal, but not certainly identif.; BoHieroz. i, lib. 3, § 14, cp. Arabic ضَيْوَنٌ wild cat;—pl. צִיִּים Is 13:21 (f. אִיִּים v 22), 23:13; 34:14 (+ אִיִּים), Je 50:39 (id.; all betokening desolation); לְעַם לְצ׳ ψ 74:14 (read לְעַם צ׳ Hup-Now Bae); appar. of people 72:9, but prob. corrupt, Ol conj. צָרִים (‖ אֹיְבָיו), and so most moderns.

† III. עֵיבָל n. pr. mont. Ebal, the mt. of cursing, N. of Shechem (Nabulus), and opp. Mt. Gerizim (mt. of blessing, S. of Shechem), Dt 11:29, also Jos 8:30, 33 (D); 𝔊 Γαιβαλ (connex. with above √ dub.; on בל = Bēl, cf. GrayProp. N. 124 n., and reff.);—on Ebal v. RobBR ii. 275 ff. GASmGeogr. Ch. vi. Di Dt 11:29 Drib. BdPal. (1898), 257.

† II. [עֹ֫פֶל] n.m. 1 S 6:4 hemorrhoid;—only pl. Kt (בָּ)עֳפָלִים Dt 28:27; 1 S 5:6, 9, 12; cstr. עָפְלֵי 6:4; sf. עָפְלֵיכֶם v 5; Qr in all (ב)טְחֹרִים, טְחֹרֵי, טְחֹרֵיכֶם, v. [טְחוֹר].

† שׁוּחָה n.f. pit;—abs. שׁ׳ Je 2:6 land of steppe and pits (coll.); fig., כָּרָה שׁ׳ לִי Je 18:20, so v 22 (Qr); עֲמֻקָּה Pr 23:27 deep pit (in fig. of harlot), cf. 22:14.

† תֵּל n.[m.] mound;— 1. mound, ruin-heap (of city): cstr. תֵּל(־)עוֹלָם Jos 8:28 (JE), Dt 13:17, תֵּל שְׁמָמָה Je 49:2. 2. mound or hill on which city stood: sf. תִּלָּם Jos 11:13 (D), תִּלָּהּ Je 30:18.

Included with: ἀδιά-λειπτος, ον, unintermitting, incessant, Ti. Locrian dialect 98e, NT+1st c.AD+. adverb -τωςNT+2nd c.BC+

ἄστρον, τό, mostly in plural, the stars, Refs 8th c.BC+; τοῦ κατ᾽ ἄστρα Ζηνός, ={τοῦ ἐν οὐρανῷ}, Refs 5th c.BC+; ἄστρων εὐφρόνη, ={εὐφρ. ἀστερόεσσα}, Refs probable reading in Refs 7th c.BC+; περὶ τὸ ἄ. in the dog-days, Refs 5th c.BC+; poetry of the sun, Refs 5th c.BC+: seldom of any common star, Refs 4th c.BC+; of the fixed stars, Refs 4th c.BC+; ἄστρα πλανητά, opposed to ἀπλανῆ, Refs 5th c.BC+; opposed to ἐνδεδεμένα, Refs 4th c.BC+; opposed to ἀστέρες, Refs 2nd c.AD+; ἐπὶ τοῖς ἄστροις at the times of the stars' rising or setting, Refs 5th c.BC+; ἄστροις σημαίνεσθαι, τεκμαίρεσθαι, guide oneself by the stars, Refs 2nd c.AD+; ἄστροις τὸ λοιπὸν ἐκμετρούμενος χθόνα knowing its place only by the stars, Refs 5th c.BC+ __II of something brilliant, admirable, Ἀκροκόρινθον Ἑλλάδος ἄ.Refs 3rd c.BC+

ἐρημ-ία, ἡ, __I of places, a solitude, desert, wilderness, Refs 5th c.BC+; ἕρπει εἰς τὰς ἐρημίας to solitary places, Refs 4th c.BC+ __II as a state or condition, solitude, loneliness, ἐρημίαν ἄγειν, to keep alone, Refs 5th c.BC+; of persons, isolation, destitution, Refs 5th c.BC+; δι᾽ ἐρημίαν from being left alone, Refs 5th c.BC+ __II.b of places, desolation, ἐρημίᾳ δοῦναί τι Refs 5th c.BC+; ἐρημία..πόλιν ὅταν λάβῃRefs 5th c.BC+ __II.2 with genitive, want of, absence, φίλων Refs 5th c.BC+; ἀρσένων, βροτῶν, ἀνδρῶν, Refs 5th c.BC+, etc.; δι᾽ ἐρημίας πολεμίων πορευόμενος without finding any enemy, Refs 5th c.BC+; τὴν ἐ. τῶν κωλυσόντων ὁρῶν seeing that there would be none to hinder him, Refs 4th c.BC+; ἐ. σώματος, ={κενόν}, Refs 4th c.BC+; even ἐ. κακῶν freedom from evil, Refs 5th c.BC+

κολυμβ-ήθρα, ἡ, place for diving, swimming-bath, Refs 5th c.BC+ __II wine-vat, tun, Refs 1st c.BC+ __III reservoir, cistern, LXX __IV baptismal font, Refs 6th c.AD+

ὑπερῷον, Epic dialect and Ionic dialect ὑπερ-ώϊον, τό, the upper part of the house, where the women resided, παρθένος αἰδοίη ὑπερώϊον εἰσαναβᾶσα Refs 8th c.BC+; ὑπερωϊόθεν φρεσὶ σύνθετο θέσπιν ἀοιδὴν.. Πηνελόπεια from her chamber she heard it, Refsupper chamber or story, NT+2nd c.AD+ __2 attic, garret, Refs 5th c.BC+; of a spare room, Refs 5th c.BC+

χοϊκός, ή, όν, (χοῦς B) of earth or clay, NT+1st c.AD+ __II of the age to take part in the festival of χόες, Refs

† בִּצָּה n.f. swamp, Jb 8:11 as place where rushes grow, cf. 40:21; בִּצֹּאתָ֯ו (Co ובצותיו) pl. sf. Ez 47:11 (‖ וּגְבָאָיו).

† II. [נָשִׂיא] n.[m.] rising mist, vapour (Arabic نَشْءٌ, نَشِىٌٔ );—only pl. נְשִׂאִים vapours, forming clouds, and portending rain, Je 10:13 = 51:16, ψ 135:7, נְשִׂיאִים Pr 25:14.

† שִׁיחוֹר n.pr.flum. on border of Egypt, prob. E. branch of Nile;—הַשּׁ׳ Jos 13:3, שׁ׳ מִצְרַיִם 1 Ch 13:5; clearly = Nile, זֶרַע שִׁחֹר Is 23:3 (‖ קְצִיר יְאוֹר), מֵי שִׁחוֹר Je 2:18; cf. DlPa 311 WilsonHast. DB Shihor (usually derived from I. שׁחר, as black water, but doubtful).

βόθυν-ος, ὁ, ={βόθρος}, Refs 5th c.BC+ __II a meteorological phenomenon, Refs 4th c.BC+

μεσουρᾰν-ημα, ατος, τό, culmination, Refs 1st c.BC+ __2 mid-heaven, zenith, NT __3 μ. κόσμου title of Aries as having been on the meridian at the Creation, Refs 2nd c.AD+ __4 name of the tenth τόπος, Refs

† אוּבָל n.[m.] stream, river (= יוּבַל)—only הָאֻבָל Dn 8:3, 6 אוּבַל אוּלָ֑י 8:2 the river Ulai.

† I. גָּדִישׁ n.m. Jb 5:26 heap, stack (NH id., Aramaic id.)—גָּדִישׁ Ex 22:5 + 3 times;—stack of sheaves Ex 22:5 Ju 15:5 (‖ קָמָה in both) Jb 5:26.

† חָבוֹר n.pr.fl. called נְהַר גּוֹזָן 2 K 17:6 = 18:11; erron. 1 Ch 5:26 וְח׳ וְהָרָא וּנְהַר גּוֹזָן; 𝔊 (Χ)αβωρ, Gk. Χαβωρας, etc., Assyrian Ḫabur, flowing into Euphrates from E.(DlPa 183 ff. KAT2 275. 614 COTi. 267); v. גּוֹזָן.

† חוּג n.[m.] vault, horizon; of the heavens, sea and earth חוּג שׁמים התהלך Jb 22:14; בְּחֻקֿוֹ חוּג על־פני תהום Pr 8:27 (cf. חקק on p. 349a); היֹשֵׁב עַל־חוּג הארץ Is 40:22.

II. חֹ֫מֶר n.[m.] heap (cf. i. חֲמוֹר)—ח׳ cstr. ח׳ מַיִם רַבִּים Hb 3:15 a heap of great waters (‖ יָם)—but text dub., v. I. חמר; pl. חֳמָרִים חֳמָרִים Ex 8:10 (J), of dead frogs gathered in heaps.

† I. חֶ֫רֶס n.m. Ju 14:18 sun (NH id.)—abs. ח׳ Jb 9:7 (‖ כוכבים); c. ה epenth. בְּטֶרֶם יָבֹא הַחַ֫רְסָה Ju 14:18 (cf. לַיִל, לַיְלָה) before the sun could go down (but read perhaps הַחַ֫דְרָה into the (bridal) chamber StaZAW 1884, 253 ff.).

† כִּימָה n.f. perhaps Pleiades (v. supr. NH id.; 𝔗 כִּימָא, 𝔖 ܟܻܝܡܳܐ )—as made by י׳, Am 5:8 (‖ כְּסִיל), Jb 9:9 (‖ עָשׁ, כְּסִיל, חַדְרֵי תֵמָן); and under his control, מַעֲדַנּוֹת כ׳ Jb 38:31 (‖ משְׁכוֹת כְּסִיל).—(SternJüd. Zeitschr. f. Wissen. u. Leben. iii. (1864–65) 258 ff. Nö in SchenkelBL HoffmZAW iii. 107 ff. interpret עשׁ as Pleiades, and כימה as Sirius).

† I. לְבָנָה n.f. moon, poet. (NH id.);—ל׳ Is 24:23 + 2 times; shall pale before י׳ Is 24:23 (‖ חַמָּה); shall become like sun (חַמָּה) in day of י׳’s redemption 30:26 (אוֹר הַלְּ׳); sim. of woman’s beauty, יָפָה כַלְּ׳ Ct 6:10 (‖ חַמָּה).

† [שַׂהֲרוֹן] n.[m.] moon, or crescent;—only pl. הַשַּׂהֲרֹנִים of (non-Israel.) ornaments of camels Ju 8:21, kings v 26, women Is 3:18, 𝔊 μηνίσκοι, 𝔙 (Is 3:18) lunulae; on crescent as ornament v. Dozyii. 760 LaneEgypt. ii. 314 PerlesAnal. 79, cf. Frä58.

† שִׁיחָה n.f.id.;—כרה שׁ׳ Je 18:22 Kt (Qr שׁוּחָה), ψ 57:7; pl. כ׳ שִׁיחוֹת 119:85.

ἀδιά-λειπτος, ον, unintermitting, incessant, Ti. Locrian dialect 98e, NT+1st c.AD+. adverb -τωςNT+2nd c.BC+

Included with: ἀνώγαιον or ἀνώγεον, τό, (ἄνω, γαῖα) anything raised from the ground: the upper floor of a house, used as a granary, Refs 5th c.BC+; as a dining-room, NT __2 prison, Refs; ἀνάγαιον and ἀνόκαιον are also found in codices,Refs

Εὐφράτης, -ου, ὁ the river Euphrates: Rev.9:14 16:12.† (From Abbott-Smith. LSJ has no entry)

κοσμ-ικός, ή, όν, (κόσμος IV) of the world or universe, σχήματα Refs 5th c.AD+ F.; τὰ κ. πάντα variant in Refs 5th c.BC+; κλίσεις (variant{κλήσεις}) Refs 2nd c.AD+. adverb - κῶς Refs 2nd c.AD+ __II of this world, earthly, NT; worldly, ἐπιθυμίαι NT __II.2 secular, lay, opposed to clerical, Refs 6th c.AD+

οὐρᾰνό-θεν (paroxytone), adverb from heaven, down from heaven, LXX+8th c.BC+: joined with Preps., ἀπ᾽ οὐ. Refs 8th c.BC+; ἐξ οὐ. Refs 8th c.BC+; κατ᾽ οὐ. Refs 5th c.AD+

πέλᾰγ-ος, εος, τό, genitive plural πελαγέων Refs 5th c.BC+; Epic dialect dative πελάγεσσι (see. below):—the sea, especially high sea, open sea, π. μέγα Refs 8th c.BC+.; διὰ πελάγους out at sea, opposed to παρὰ γῆν, Refs 5th c.BC+: frequently coupled with other words denoting sea, ἁλὸς ἐν πελάγεσσιν Refs 8th c.BC+; π. πόντιον, πόντου π., Refs 5th c.BC+; ἅλιον π. Refs 5th c.BC+ __2 of parts of the sea (θάλασσα), frequently with geographical epithet, Αἰγαῖον π. Refs 5th c.BC+ __3 flooded plain, γίνεται π. Refs 5th c.BC+ __II metaphorically, of any vast quantity, πλούτου π. Refs 5th c.BC+; κακῶν π. a 'sea of troubles', Refs 4th c.BC+; ἄτης ἄβυσσον π. Refs 5th c.BC+; of great difficulties, μέγ᾽ ἄρα π. ἐλαχέτην τιRefs

πόντος, ὁ: Epic dialect genitive ἐκ ποντόφιν Refs 8th c.BC+:—sea, especially open sea, common from Refs 8th c.BC+; in the general sense, ὁπότε πνεῦμα ἐκ πόντου εἴη LXX+5th c.BC+; π. ἀπείριτος, ἀπείρων, εὐρύς, μεγακήτης, Refs 8th c.BC+; κέλευθοι, πλάξ, πεδίον πόντου, Refs 5th c.BC+; π. ἁλὸς πολιῆς the wide waters of the grey brine, Refs 8th c.BC+; πόντου γέφυρα, πύλαι, of the Isthmus, Refs 5th c.BC+ __2 metaphorically, π. ἀγαθῶν Refs 5th c.BC+ __II of special seas, π. Ἰκάριος, Γρηΐκιος, Refs 8th c.BC+; Ἰόνιος, Σαρωνικός, Σικελός, Refs 5th c.BC+; generally called simply ὁ Πόντος or Πόντος, Refs 5th c.BC+ for the sea, Refs __II.2 the country Refs 5th c.BC+ shore of the Black Sea, Refs 2nd c.AD+ adjective Ποντικός (which see). __III personified as son of Gaia, Refs 8th c.BC+

σωρ-εύω, heap one thing on another, τι πρός τι NT+4th c.BC+:—passive, Refs 4th c.BC+ __II heap with something, with genitive, αἰγιαλοὶ σεσωρευμένοι τινῶν NT+2nd c.BC+

χᾰμ-αί, adverb on the ground, χ. ἧσθαι Refs 8th c.BC+; of birds, ποιεῖν νεοττιὰν χ., opposed to ἐπὶ δένδρου, Refs 4th c.BC+ __2 metaphorically, ἐσλὸν χ. σιγᾷ καλύψαι to bury in silence underground, Refs 5th c.BC+; χ. ἐρχόμενοι cleaving to earth, Refs 2nd c.AD+ __II ={χαμᾶζε}, to earth, ἐν κονίῃσι χ. πέσεν Refs 8th c.BC+to the ground, NT+5th c.BC+. (Cf. Latin humus, humi, Lithuanian ž[etilde]mė 'earth'.)

† אֵד n.m. mist (deriv. dub.; Arabic آدَ = be strong; مُؤْيِدٌ that which affords protection, shade; otherwise DlW 125) Gn 2:6; אֵדוֹ Jb 36:27.* Arabic derivation very dub.; DlW 125, cf. WB 22 KS 2:4 HptJAOS 1896, 158 ff. Gunk Gn 2:6 Holz Gn 2:6 Buhl cp. Assyrian edu, flood, mass of waters (√ אדה), editu, overflow (for irrigation); 𝔊 𝔖 𝔙 Aq in Gn 2:6 have spring, 𝔗 cloud, so 𝔊 𝔗 Jb 36:27; add perhaps Jb 36:30 אֵדוֹ for אוֹרוֹ (Du Dr).

† גֶּ֫בֶא n.m. Ez 47:11 cistern, pool (cf. Arabic جَابِيَةٌ watering-trough)— 1. cistern מֵיִם מִגֶּ֑בֶא Is 30:14. 2. pool, marsh גְּבָאָיו Ez 47:13 (‖ בִּצֹּאתָ‌֯ו).

† גּוּשׁ n.[m.] clod, lump (NH id., Aramaic גּוּשָׁא; cf. Arabic جَسْءٌ etc., rough ground, also ice)—וְגיּשׁ עָפָר Jb 7:5, Qr וְגוּשׁ ע׳.

† דּוּר n.[m.] circle, ball— 1. circle Du Is 29:3 thinks noun here also is כַּדּוּד (or כִּדּוֹד) = כִּידוֹר onset of combatants; Marti כְּדָוִד as 𝔊 Lo Brd al. וְחָנִיתִי כַּדּוּר עליך Is 29:3 (> 𝔊 Brd כְּדָוִד). 2. ball צָנוֹף יִצְנָפְךָ צְנֵפָה כַּדּוּר Is 22:18 (so most; but BöNÄ ii. 134 De Or Jastr PAOS 1888, xcv. ff. regard noun as כַּדּוּר, ball, as Talm., from כדר cf. also MV SS s.v.). [ 3. heap, pile Ez 24:5 Thes Ke MV cf. מְדוּרָה" dir="rtl" >מְדוּרָה v 9; but v. supr. sub דּוּר" dir="rtl" >דּוּר vb.]

† חִדֶּ֫קֶל n.pr.fl. Tigris (Sum. Idigna, Assyrian Idiḳlat, Diḳlat, O.-Pers. Tigrâ SpiegAPK, Gloss., etc.), the famous Assyrian river; v. especially DlPa 110 f. 170 ff.; ח׳ Gn 2:14; חִדָּ֑קֶל Dn 10:4.

† [טָרַד] vb. pursue, chase, be continuous (Arabic طَرَدَ pursue; ii. prolong one’s voice; viii. continue uninterruptedly; Assyrian ṭarâdu, drive away COTGloss, so Aramaic ܛܪܰܕ, טְרַד)—only Qal Pt. act. וְדֶלֶף טֹרֵד Pr 19:13 a continuous dripping, dropping, i.e. one in which one drop pursues another; so ד׳ טוֹרֵד 27:15; in both sim. of a contentious woman.

† [יַם] n.m. sea (𝔗 Syriac; v. BH יָם, √ ימם);—emph. יַמָּא Dn 7:2, 3. יִנְדַּע v. יְדַע.

† [כָּפָר] n.m. village (√ dub.; NH כָּפָר; Aramaic כַּפְרָנָא; Syriac ܟܰܦܪܳܐ, ܟܰܦܪܽܘܢܳܐ; Assyrian kapru DlHWB 348);—sg. cstr. כְּפַר הָעַמּוֹנִי Jos 18:24 Kt village of the Ammonites, or כ׳ הָעַמּוֹנָה Qri, a village of Benjamin, possibly Kefr ’Ânaʾ, 3 miles N. of Bethel Surv ii.299; pl. כְּפָרִים Ct 7:12 1 Ch 27:25.

† כְּרִית n.pr. the brook where Elijah was hidden 1 K 17:3, 5, identif. dub.; acc. RobBR ii. p. 288 Wady el-Kelt, near Jericho; acc. Buhl Handw. 12 Wady ʿAjlun, E. of Jordan, yet v. BuhlG. 121.

† מַכְתֵּשׁ n.m. mortar (place of pounding, braying; cf. Palm. n.pr.m. מכתש = contundens Vog No. 97)—abs. מ׳ Pr 27:22 (v. foregoing); hollow resembling a mortar Ju 15:19 (whence came forth a water-spring; cf. GFM), Zp 1:11 = a part of Jerusalem, cf. Schwally ZAW x. (1890), 173 f.

† II. עֵיבָל n. pr. m. vel gent. name in Edom, Gn 36:23 (𝔊 Γαιβηλ), = 1 Ch 1:40 (𝔊 Γαιβηλ, A Γαοβηλ, 𝔊L Ουβαλ); according to GlaserSkizze ii. 426 poss. = foregoing (cp. with name of (god) Bēl, WklGesch. Isr. 120; Alttest. Unters. 117 f.).

† עַ֫יִשׁ n.f. a constellation, perhaps Great Bear (cf. especially Di) (point perhaps עִיֻּשׁ (v. Bu and reff.), cf. Syriac ܥܺܝܽܘܬܳܐ PS2866, ܥܝܽܘܬܳܐ Brock., name of a star);—וְע׳ עַל־בָּנֶיהָ Jb 38:32 = עָשׁ 9:9 (both + כִּימָה, כְּסִיל etc.).

Ἀδρίας, ον, Ionic dialect Ἀδρίης, εω, ὁ, the Adriatic, Refs 5th c.BC+:— adjective Ἀδρι-ᾱνός, ή, όν, Refs 4th c.BC+ also Ἀδρι-ηνός, κῦμα τᾶς Ἀδριηνᾶς ἀκτᾶςRefs 5th c.BC+: later, Ἀδρι-ακός, νέκταρ, of Italian wine, called Refs because imported through Corcyra, Refs 1st c.AD+: Ἀδριανικός, ἀλεκτορίδεςRefs 4th c.BC+ Chrysipp. Tyan. cited in Refs 2nd c.AD+:—also feminine Ἀδρι-άς, άδος __A, ἅλμηRefs 2nd c.AD+

ἀκατά-παυστος, ον, not to be set at rest, incessant, Refs 2nd c.BC+; that cannotceasefrom, τινόςNTadverb -τωςRefs 3rd c.BC+ __II not to be checked, irresistible, Refs

βῠθός, ὁ, the depth, especially of the sea, NT+4th c.BC+ __b generally, συνιζάνειν εἰς β. sink to the bottom, Refs 5th c.BC+; ἐκ βυθοῦ κηκῖον αἷμα from the deep wound, Refs 4th c.BC+ in the depth of.., Refs 5th c.BC+; ὑπέρκοσμος β. abyss, Refs 5th c.AD+

δῐ-θάλασσος, Attic dialect διθάλαττος [θᾰ], ον, divided into two seas, of the Euxine, Refs 1st c.BC+; of the Atlantic, Refs 1st c.BC+ __II between two seas, where two seas meet, as is often the case off a headland, NT; βραχέα καὶ διθάλαττα shallows and meetings of currents, in the Syrtes, Refs 1st c.AD+

that fell from Zeus , Refs 5th c.BC (Middle Liddel)

ἔδᾰφος, εος, τό, bottom, foundation, base of anything, τῆς κατασκευῆς τὰ ἐ. Refs 5th c.BC+; ἔ. νηός bottom of a ship, Refs 8th c.BC+; ἔ. ποταμοῦ, τῆς θαλάττης, Refs 5th c.BC+; [ποτηρίου] Refs 5th c.BC+ __2 ground-floor, pavement, οἴκου Refs 5th c.BC+; καθελεῖν ἐς ἔ. raze to the ground, Refs 5th c.BC+; ἔπεσον εἰς τὸ ἔ. NT+3rd c.AD+ __3 ground, soil, περὶ τοῦ τῆς πατρίδος ἐδάφους ἀγωνίζεσθαι for our country's soil, Refs 4th c.BC+; ἐχθρὸς τῷ τῆς πόλεως ἐδάφει, of a mortal foe, Refs; soil, viewed in regard to its quality, Refs 4th c.BC+ lands and tenements (including houses), Refs 4th c.BC+; also, masses of earth, Refs 4th c.BC+ __4 text of a manuscript, opposed to margin (μέτωπον), Refs 2nd c.AD+ __4.b manuscript, Refs __5 background of puppet-theatre, Refs 2nd c.BC+

ἐνάλιος [ᾰ], α, ον, and ος, ον Refs 5th c.BC+: Epic dialect and Lyric poetry also εἰνάλιος, α, ον ος, ον Refs 5th c.BC+:— in, on, of the sea, κῆτος, κορῶναι, Refs 8th c.BC+; εἰνάλιον πόνον ἐχοίσας βαθὺν σκευᾶς ἑτέρας while the rest of the tackle is at work fishing deep in the sea, Refs 5th c.BC+; ἐ. θεός, of Poseidon, Refs 5th c.BC+; ἐ. λεώς seamen, Refs; πόντου εἰναλία φύσις, i.e. the fish, Refs; of islands, ἐ. Εὐβοιὶς αἶα Refs; ἐ. Χθών, of Tyre, Refs 5th c.BC+—poetical word, used in later Prose, ἐ. νῆσοι Refs 4th c.BC+

ἐπισωρ-εύω, heap upon, τινί τι Refs 2nd c.AD+; heap up, accumulate, διδασκάλους NT+1st c.AD+:—passive, Refs 2nd c.AD+

εὐδία, Ionic dialect -ιη, ἡ, fair weather, εὐδία ἐκ χειμῶνος Refs 5th c.BC+; εὐδίας (genitive) in fine weather, Refs 5th c.BC+ __2 metaphorically, tranquillity, peace, Refs 5th c.BC+ W.; of the mind, Refs 5th c.BC+; σαρκὸς εὐ. good condition of.., Refs 1st c.AD+; εἰς ἔμ᾽ εὐδίαν ἔχων being at ease so far as I am concerned, Refs 5th c.BC+

κοσμο-κράτωρ [ᾰ], ορος, ὁ, lord of the world, epithet of οὐρανός, Refs 5th c.AD+ __2 of the Emperors, Refs 2nd c.AD+ __3 Astrology texts, ruler of the κόσμος, i.e. planet, Refs 2nd c.AD+; οἱ κ. τοῦ σκότους τούτου the cosmic rulers of this sinful world, NT+4th c.AD+

νέφος, εος, τό, cloud, mass of clouds, Refs 8th c.BC+ __2 metaphorically Refs 8th c.BC+; σκότου ν., of blindness, Refs 5th c.BC+; ν. οἰμωγῆς, στεναγμῶν, Refs 5th c.BC+; ὀφρύων ν. a cloud upon the brow, Refs 4th c.BC+ __II metaphorically, also, a cloud of men, etc., ν. πεζῶν, Τρώων, Refs 8th c.BC+; ψαρῶν, κολοιῶν,Refs 5th c.BC+; πενεστάων ν.NT; πολέμοιο ν. the cloud of battle, thick of the fight, Refs 8th c.BC+. (Cf. Sanskrit nábhas 'fog', 'cloud', Slavonic nebo 'heaven', Latin nebula.)

νησ-ίον, τό, diminutive of νῆσος, islet, Refs 1st c.BC+

παραθᾰλάσσ-ιος, Attic dialect παραθαλάττιος, α, ον (also ος, ον Refs 5th c.BC+, beside the sea, τὰς πόλιας τὰς π. Refs 5th c.BC+; ἡ π. (i.e. γῆ) Refs 5th c.BC+

Πάτμος, -ου, ἡ Patmos, an island in the Ægean Sea: Rev.1:9.† (From Abbott-Smith. LSJ has no entry)

Ῥόδος, ἡ, the island (also the city) of Refs 8th c.BC+

Σᾰλᾰμίς (also in Grammars Σᾰλᾰμίν, Refs 2nd c.AD+, genitive ῖνος, ἡ, “Salamis”, an island and town of the same name, between Athens and Megara, Refs 8th c.BC+ __II a town of Cyprus founded by Teucer of Salamis, Refs 5th c.BC+; Σαλαμίνη, Refs

Σᾰμοθρᾴκη, Ionic dialect Σαμοθρηΐκη, ἡ, Refs 5th c.BC+; the seat of the mysteries of the Cabeiri, Refs; called Σάμος Θρηϊκίη in Refs 8th c.BC+; and simply Σάμος, Refs 8th c.BC+. adjective Σᾰμόθρᾳξ (not Σαμοθρᾴξ),Refs 4th c.AD+ H., etc.; Ionic dialect plural Σαμοθρήϊκες Refs 5th c.BC+; also Σᾰμοθρᾴκιος, Ionic dialect Σαμοθρηΐκιος, η, ον, Refs

Σάμος [ᾰ], ἡ, “Samos”, the name of several Greek islands: __1 old name for Κεφαλληνία (which see), Refs 8th c.BC+; also called Σάμη,Refs; though this, accusative to others, is a town on the island: hence adjective Σαμαῖος, α, ον, Refs 1st c.BC+ __2 Σάμος Θρηϊκίη, see at {Σαμοθρᾴκη}. __3 “Samos”, the large island over against Ephesus, first in Refs: hence adjective Σάμιος, α, ον, Refs 5th c.BC+; ἡ Σαμία (i.e. γῆ) Refs 4th c.BC+; also Σ. ἀστήρ, clay with medicinal properties, Refs 2nd c.AD+:—Σαμιακός, ή, όν, Refs 5th c.BC+ was an old word signifying a height.)

Σύρτις, genitive εως, Ionic dialect ιος, also ιδος Refs 2nd c.AD+, ἡ: (σύρω):— the Syrtis, name of two large shallow gulfs on the coast of Libya, Refs 5th c.BC+ __II metaphorically, destruction, ἄλλα δ᾽ ἄλλαν θραῦεν σ. Refs 5th c.BC+

Ταρτᾰρ-όω, cast into Tartarus or hell, NT+8th c.BC+ Τάρτᾰρ-ος, ὁ,   also ἡ Refs 8th c.BC+; later, the nether world generally, Refs 8th c.BC+; ἀπέραντος, κελαινός, Refs 4th c.BC+; Ταρτάρου μελαμβαθὴς κευθμώνLXX __II personified as husband of Gaia and father of Typhoeus, Refs 8th c.BC+; ὦ Γᾶς παῖ καὶ Ταρτάρου, of Cerberus, Refs 5th c.BC+

χάσμα, ατος, τό, (χαίνω) yawning chasm, gulf, χ. μέγα, of Tartarus, Refs 8th c.BC+; χθονός, πέτρας, Refs 5th c.BC+ __II open, gaping mouth, χ. θηρός Refs 5th c.BC+; as forming a helmet, Refs; of a yawning gulf, χάρυβδις.. ἄρμα περιβαλοῦσα χάσματι Refs 6th c.AD+; χ. φάρυγος, of a lion,Refs 7th c.BC+ __III generally, any wide opening, θυρέτρων χ. ἀχανές Refs 4th c.BC+; also, expanse, of the sky and sea, χ. πελάγεος τὸ δὴ Αἰγαῖον καλέεται Refs 5th c.BC+

† [אֲרַק] n.[f.] earth (= [אֲרַע]; ארקא Egyptian Aramaic S-CPap. B 15 + often (sometimes also ארעא, as ib. 16), Ninev. and Bab. Aramaic Cooke 192, also Mand. Nö M § 66, Zinj., Lzb 227 Cooke 166 (cf. 183); ק = ע, as Zinj. מוקא = מוצא, רקי = רצה, Cooke 166, 185; cf.K§ 7, 2 and Anm. 1 and reff., Cooke 185 NöZMG xlvii (1893), 100; M § 66 Gunk Schöpf. 18 Lzb Eph. i. 223 SACJQ, 1903–4, 273);—emph. אַרְקָא Je 10:11a.

† II. גָּדִישׁ n.[m.] tomb (Arabic جَدَثٌ id.) Jb 21:32; Dr§ 178, ed. 3, p. 229 suggests reading גֶּדֶשׁ.

† גּוּמָּץ n.m. pit (Aramaic loan-wd., cf. גּוּמְצָא, ܓܽܘܡܳܨܳܐ; NH גּוּמָּצָא cf. BaNB 66, Anm. 1), Ec 10:8 חֹפֵר ג׳ בּוֹ יִפּ֑וֹל he that diggeth a pit shall fall into it; so also Pr 26:27 𝔗 𝔖 where ℌ כֹּרֶה שַׁחַת.

† כַּדּוּר n.[m.] ball, according to BöNÄ ii, 134 De Or al. Is 22:18, as in Talm; circle, cordon (Assyrian kudûru) according to JastrPAOS Oct. 1888, xcvi; v. also דּוּר p. 189 b.

II. [חָצֵר46] n.m. Ne 11:25 settled abode, settlement, village (Lagl.c.)—always pl., abs. חֲצֵרִים Jos 19:8 + 5 times; cstr. חַצְרֵי 1 Ch 9:16; Ne 12:28; sf. חֲצֵרֶיהָ Jos 21:12 + 4 times; חַצְרֵיהֶם 1 Ch 4:33 + 6 times; חַצְרֵיהֶן Jos 13:23 + 24 times; Jos;— a. settlements of Ishmaelites Gn 25:16 (P; ‖טִירוֹת circles of tents); of עַוִּים Dt 2:23; of Kedar Is 42:11 (‖ עָרִים); בָּתֵּי הַחֲצֵרִים אֲשֶׁר אֵין־לָהֶם חֹמָה סָבִיב Lv 25:31 (H), houses of the villages which have no wall about them; מַאֲרַב חֲצֵרִים ψ 10:8 lurking-place(s) of villages (i.e. where oppressor, as a wild beast, watches his opportunity to attack the defenceless). Usually b. as dependencies of cities Jos 15:46, with בְּנֹתֶיהָ (v. supr. בַּת 4 p. 123) Jos 15:45, 47(×2) (all JE?); וְכָל־הַח׳ אֲשֶׁר סְבִיבוֹת הֶעָרִים 19:8 (P), also 21:12 (P) = 1 Ch 6:41, Ne 12:29; also Jos 13:23, 28; 15:32 + 23 times Jos (all P), Ne 11:25, 30 (‖ בָּנוֹת v 25, 27 etc.), 12:28. c. villages, not contrasted with cities (cf. Is 42:11 supr.) 1 Ch 9:16, 22, 25 (all of Levites). d. ח׳ appar. incl. all settlements outside of Jerusalem הַח׳ בִּשְׂדֹתָם Ne 11:25.—ח׳ in n.pr.loc. v. infr. (and see Bla on Jos 15:20–32).

† [יַבֶּ֫שֶׁת] n.f. earth (so Syriac; 𝔗 as BH יַבָּשָׁה dry land, √ יָבֵשׁ);—emph. יַבֶּשְׁתָּא Dn 2:10.

† I. יוּבַל n.[m.] stream, Je 17:8 (‖ מַיִם).

† כְּפִירִים Ne 6:2, prob. = foregoing (𝔊 al. n. appell. = villages).

† מְדֹכָה n.f. mortar, Nu 11:8.

† מַזָּלוֹת n.[f.]pl. prob. = מַזָּלוֹת q.v. supr. (on ר = ל v. WSG 67, yet also NöZMG xl. 1886, 185) only הֲתֹצִיא מ׳ בְּעִתּוֹ Jb 38:32, where treated as ms., and perhaps understood of some particular star or constellation. 𝔊 μαζουρωθ.

† [עוּב] vb.denom. Hiph. becloud, Impf. 3 ms. יָעִיב בְּאַפּוֹ אֲדֹנָי אֶת־בַּת־צִיּוֹן La 2:1 (Bu הֵעִיב).

† עוֹבָל i. עֵיבָל n. pr. gent. Arabian people, descended from Joktan according to Gn 10:28 (𝔊L Γαιβαλ); = עֵיבָל 1 Ch 1:22 (𝔊L Ηβηλ). On loc. cf. GlaserSkizze ii. 426.

† [עֲנָן K§ 57 a) α)] n.[m.

† עֲנָנָה n.f. cloud (Ges§ 122t) Jb 3:5.

† [עָרִיף] n.[m.] cloud;—pl. sf. בַּעֲרִיפֶיהָ Is 5:30 (PerlesJQ 1899, 689 proposes בְּעַד יָפְיָהּ, referring sf. to ארץ, and cp. ψ 139:11).

† [צִבּוּר] n.m. heap;—only pl. שְׁנֵי צִבֻּרִים 2 K 10:8 two heaps (of heads).

† צוּלָה n.f. ocean-deep;—Is 44:27.

† [רִגְמָה] n.f. heap (of stones, then) crowd (of people; si vera l.);—sf. רִגְמָתָם ψ 68:28, but read probably רִגְשָׁתָם, v. [רִגְשָׁה].

† II. שׁוּחָה n.pr. ‘son’ of חוּר, 1 Ch 4:11 (Ασχα, Σουα), = חוּשָׁה v 4 (Ωσαν, Ουσα), v. ח׳.

† [שְׁחוּת] n.f. pit (cf. שַׁ֫חַת from שׁוח);—sf. בִּשְׁחוּתוֹ הוּא יִפּוֹל Pr 28:10.

† שִׁיחוֹר לִבְנַת n.pr.flum. in Asher, Jos 19:26; τῷ Σειων[ρ] καὶ Λαβαναθ; poss. Nahr ez-Zerḳâ, S. of Carmel, and just N. of Caesarea, WilsonHast. DB Shihor Libnath, but v. BuhlG 105.

† שֶׂכְוִי n.[m.] perhaps a celestial appearance, phenomenon (Rabb. Thes mind; De(afterTalm.) cock (cf. NH שֶׂכְוִי cock, שֶׂכְוְיָה hen, foreign words acc. Dalm), Di ‘Wolkengebilde’);—abs. שׂ׳ perhaps of clouds (cf. ‖ טֻחוֹת) Jb 38:36 (RVm meteor).

† [שְׁמַשׁ] n.[m. so DWB] sun;—emph. שִׁמְשָׁא Dn 6:15.

† [שְׁדֵמָה] n.f. field;—only pl.: abs. שְׁדֵמוֹת Hb 3:17 Je 31:40 Qr (> Kt השׁרמות); cstr. שַׁדְמ(וֹ)ת Dt 32:32 + 2 times;—fields, as cultivated Dt 32:32, also (c. vb. sg.) Is 16:8; Hb 3:17; as locality 2 K 23:4, area Je 31:40.—שְׁדֵמָה Is 37:27 v. שְׁדֵפָה.