Heaps and Mounds

† גַּל n.m. Gn 31:48 heap, wave, billow (as rolled together, rolling, rolling up), also spring, MT Ct 4:12 cf. 3 infr.—abs. גַּל Jb 8:17 + 5 times (incl. הַגַּל Gn 31:48 +); גָּ֑ל Gn 31:46; הַגָּ֑ל Gn 31:46; לַגָּ֑ל Is. 25:2; cstr. גַּל־ Jos 7:26 + 2 times + Gn 31:47, 48 q.v. infr.; pl. גַּלִּים 2 K 19:25 + 6 times; cstr. גַּלֵּי־ Is 48:18; sf. גַּלָּיו ψ 89:10 + 6 times; גַּלֵּיהֶם ψ 65:8 + 2 times;— 1. heap of stones, a. ג׳ אבנים raised (הקים) over dead body Jos 7:26; 8:29; cf. 2 S 18:17 (c. הִצִּיב). b. גַּל alone Jb 8:17 (roots wrapped about it). c. heap or pile made (עשׂה) for use in ratifying compact of Jacob with Laban Gn 31:46(×2), 48, 51, 52(×3) cf. also גַּלְעֵד" dir="rtl" >גַּלְעֵד n.pr. d. heap of ruins Is 25:2; elsewhere pl. Ho 12:12 2 K 19:25 = Is 37:26 Jb 15:28 Jer. 9:10; 51:37. 2. waves (rollers) poet., only pl., waves of sea Je 5:22; 31:35 Is 51:15 Jb 38:11 ψ 65:8; 89:10; 107:25, 29; cf. also in simile Ez 26:3 Is 48:18 (גַּלֵּי־הַיָּם); fig. of chastisements from י׳ ψ 42:8 (‖ מִשְׁבָּרִים) Jon 2:3 (‖ id.); of army of Babylon’s conqueror Je 51:42, 55; cf. Zc 10:11 (VB; but BevJPh. xviii. 88 proposes גִּבְלִים cf. Ez 27:9). 3. spring, Ct 4:12 גַּן נָעוּל אֲחוֹתִי כַּלָּ֑ה גַּל נָעוּל מַעְיָן חָתוּם a garden barred (is) my sister, bride, a spring barred, a fountain sealed; but גַּן for גַּל 𝔊 𝔖 𝔙.

† גַּב n.m.? cf. Ez 43:13 (f. Ez 1:18) anything convex, curved, gibbous, e.g. back, chiefly late;—abs. גָּ֑ב Ez 16:24; cstr. גַּב Ez 43:13 (read גֹּבַהּ 𝔊 Ew Sm Co); sf. גַּבִּי ψ 129:3, גַּבֵּךְ Ez 16:31, 39; pl. cstr. גַּבֹּת Lv 14:9, גַּבֵּי Jb 13:12; 15:26; sf. גַּבֵּיהֶם 1 K 7:33, גַּבֵּהֶם Ez 10:12, גַּבֵּיהֶן Ez 1:18, גַּבֹּתָם Ez 1:18;— 1. back, of man (fig. of Isr.) ψ 129:3; appar. of cherubim Ez 10:12, but Hi Sm emend v. so that גּ׳ ref. to wheels, rim v. 6 infr. 2. mound, for illicit worship Ez 16:24, 34, 39 (all ‖ רמה); 𝔊 𝔙 lupanar, brothel, after analogy of fornix, but this without sufficient proof, & needless. 3. boss, or convex projection, of shield Jb 15:26 (fig.) he runneth against him … with the stout bosses of his shields (i.e. wicked against י׳); so ظهر in Arabic in similar phrase; cf. also Arabic جَوْبٌ, shield; also French bouclier from boucle. 4. bulwarks, breastworks, fig. for arguments לְגַבֵּי־חֹמֶר גַּבֵּיכֶם Jb 13:12 breastworks of clay are your breastworks. 5. brow, only גַּבֹּת עֵינָיו Lv 14:9 his eyebrows. 6. rim of wheel, felloe 1 K 7:33; Ez 1:18(×2); so perhaps 10:12 v. 1 supr.—Ez 43:13; elevation, i.e. basement of altar, Da after MT., but v. גֹּ֫בַהּ" dir="rtl" >גֹּבַהּ, cf. supr.

† עֲרֵמָה n.f. heap;—abs. ע׳ Ru 3:7; cstr. עֲרֵמַת Hg 2:16; Ct 7:3; pl. עֲרֵמוֹת abs. Ne 13:15 +, cstr. 3:34; abs. עֲרֵמִים Je 50:26;—heap of rubbish (עָפָר) Ne 3:34; ע׳ = ruin-heap Je 50:26; = grain-heap (of threshed grain, عَرَمَةٌ unthreshed, according to Wetzstl.c.), Hg 2:16; Ne 13:15; Ru 3:7; ע׳ חִטִּים Ct 7:3; of grain and fruit 2 Ch 31:6(×2), 7, 8, 9.

† נֵד n.m. Jos 3:13 heap of waters; of Red Sea Ex 15:8 (song), ψ 78:13; of Jordan Jos 3:13, 16 ψ 33:7 (sim.). נֵד קָצִיר Is 17:11 harvest-heap is perhaps corrupt: Ges Ew Di Du der. from נוד, reading (probably) נָד (Di) fled is the harvest; CheHpt proposes לָכֵן therefore; Buhl Lex 13 עַד, after 𝔊 𝔗.

† II. [עֹ֫פֶל] n.m. 1 S 6:4 hemorrhoid;—only pl. Kt (בָּ)עֳפָלִים Dt 28:27; 1 S 5:6, 9, 12; cstr. עָפְלֵי 6:4; sf. עָפְלֵיכֶם v 5; Qr in all (ב)טְחֹרִים, טְחֹרֵי, טְחֹרֵיכֶם, v. [טְחוֹר].

† תֵּל n.[m.] mound;— 1. mound, ruin-heap (of city): cstr. תֵּל(־)עוֹלָם Jos 8:28 (JE), Dt 13:17, תֵּל שְׁמָמָה Je 49:2. 2. mound or hill on which city stood: sf. תִּלָּם Jos 11:13 (D), תִּלָּהּ Je 30:18.

† I. גָּדִישׁ n.m. Jb 5:26 heap, stack (NH id., Aramaic id.)—גָּדִישׁ Ex 22:5 + 3 times;—stack of sheaves Ex 22:5 Ju 15:5 (‖ קָמָה in both) Jb 5:26.

II. חֹ֫מֶר n.[m.] heap (cf. i. חֲמוֹר)—ח׳ cstr. ח׳ מַיִם רַבִּים Hb 3:15 a heap of great waters (‖ יָם)—but text dub., v. I. חמר; pl. חֳמָרִים חֳמָרִים Ex 8:10 (J), of dead frogs gathered in heaps.

σωρ-εύω, heap one thing on another, τι πρός τι NT+4th c.BC+:—passive, Refs 4th c.BC+ __II heap with something, with genitive, αἰγιαλοὶ σεσωρευμένοι τινῶν NT+2nd c.BC+

† דּוּר n.[m.] circle, ball— 1. circle Du Is 29:3 thinks noun here also is כַּדּוּד (or כִּדּוֹד) = כִּידוֹר onset of combatants; Marti כְּדָוִד as 𝔊 Lo Brd al. וְחָנִיתִי כַּדּוּר עליך Is 29:3 (> 𝔊 Brd כְּדָוִד). 2. ball צָנוֹף יִצְנָפְךָ צְנֵפָה כַּדּוּר Is 22:18 (so most; but BöNÄ ii. 134 De Or Jastr PAOS 1888, xcv. ff. regard noun as כַּדּוּר, ball, as Talm., from כדר cf. also MV SS s.v.). [ 3. heap, pile Ez 24:5 Thes Ke MV cf. מְדוּרָה" dir="rtl" >מְדוּרָה v 9; but v. supr. sub דּוּר" dir="rtl" >דּוּר vb.]

ἐπισωρ-εύω, heap upon, τινί τι Refs 2nd c.AD+; heap up, accumulate, διδασκάλους NT+1st c.AD+:—passive, Refs 2nd c.AD+

† II. גָּדִישׁ n.[m.] tomb (Arabic جَدَثٌ id.) Jb 21:32; Dr§ 178, ed. 3, p. 229 suggests reading גֶּדֶשׁ.

† כַּדּוּר n.[m.] ball, according to BöNÄ ii, 134 De Or al. Is 22:18, as in Talm; circle, cordon (Assyrian kudûru) according to JastrPAOS Oct. 1888, xcvi; v. also דּוּר p. 189 b.

† [צִבּוּר] n.m. heap;—only pl. שְׁנֵי צִבֻּרִים 2 K 10:8 two heaps (of heads).

† [רִגְמָה] n.f. heap (of stones, then) crowd (of people; si vera l.);—sf. רִגְמָתָם ψ 68:28, but read probably רִגְשָׁתָם, v. [רִגְשָׁה].