Animals

צֹאן273 n.coll.f. Gn 30:36 (poss. m. v 39a +, KöSynt. § 247 g, but dub., v 39b c. vb. fpl., as usually; in 1 S 15:14 join הַזֶּה with קוֹל; v. further Albr ZAW xv (1895), 316 ff.) small cattle, sheep and goats, flock, flocks;—צ׳ abs. Gn 4:2 +, cstr. 29:9 +; sf. צֹאנוֹ 4:4 +; צֹאנֵנוּ Ex 10:9, צֹאונֵנוּ ψ 144:13; as pl. צֹאנֵינוּ Ne 10:37 van d. H. Gi (not Baer); s. [צֹנֶא] צֹנֶה p. 856, etc.;— 1. lit. a. small cattle, usually of sheep and goats in one flock (RobBR i. 477) Gn 30:31, 32 +; sheep specified also 21:28 (כִּבְשׂת הַצּ׳), 31:38 (אֵילֵי צ׳) +; sheep only 1 S 25:2 (+ עִזִּים); goats specified Gn 27:9; Je 50:8; צ׳ as yielding (1) animals for food Am 6:4 (כָּרִים), 1 S 14:32; 2 S 12:4; Ne 5:18 +; צ׳ מַאֲכָל ψ 44:12 (in sim.); (2) wool Gn 31:19 + (v. [גָּזַז], גֵּז); (3) milk, חֲלֵב צ׳ Dt 32:14 (? goats’ milk, cf. Pr 27:27); (4) sacrif. victims Gn 4:4 (J), Lv 1:2, 10; 3:6; Nu 15:3 (all P), 22:40 (E), Dt 12:6, 17, 21 + often; so צֹאן קָדָשִׁים Ez 36:38a, cf. בְּכוֹרֵי בְקָרֵינוּ וְצֹאנֵינוּ Ne 10:37; in gen. as property (often + בָּקָר, etc.) Gn 12:16; 13:5; 24:35 Jb 1:3; 42:12 + often (v. also ii. [עַשְׁתָּרוֹת]); gift Gn 20:14; 21:27; 38:17 (goat), Dt 15:14; 2 Ch 17:11; booty 1 S 15:9, 15 +. b. צ׳ sometimes of a definite number of animals (i.e. as pl. of שֶׂה, etc.): two Is 7:21, four Ex 21:37 (larger numbers v. 1 S 25:2, 5, 18; Nu 31:32, 36; Ne 5:18; Jb 1:3; 42:12 supr.).—Vid. also בֵּן" dir="rtl" >בֵּן 7 b; גְּדֵרָה, מִכְלָה, מַרְבֵּץ, נָוֶה, עֵדֶר; כֶּלֶב, רֹעֶה, שַׁעַר. 2. sim. of multitude Ez 36:37, 38, cf. ψ 107:41; of children Jb 21:11; of dead, with death as shepherd ψ 49:15; of (shepherdless) Isr. Nu 27:17; 1 K 22:17 = 2 Ch 18:16; Zc 10:2; 13:7, wandering in sin Is 53:6; of Isr. led by י׳ ψ 77:21; 78:52; 80:2, cf. Zc 9:16 (on text v. We Now); Ez 34:12; of Isr. in distress, כְּצ׳ טִבְחָה ψ 44:23, cf. (of wicked) צ׳ לְטִבְחָה Je 12:3; of scattered Bab. Is 13:14. 3. metaph. of multitude, צ׳ אָדָם Ez 36:38; of Isr. 2 S 24:17 = 1 Ch 21:17; Je 23:1, 2, 3; Ez 24:5, and especially sustained fig. 34:2, 3 + 17 times 34, also Zc 11:7, 17; צ׳ אֹבְדוֹת Je 50:6, צ׳ תִּפְאַרְתֵּךְ 13:20; of Isr. under י׳’s care, (-וֹ, י—ִ) צ׳ מַרְעִיתֶ֑ךָ ψ 74:1; 79:13; 100:3; Ez 34:31, also צ׳ יָדוֹ ψ 95:7 (‖ עַם־מַרְעִיתוֹ; read perhaps צ׳ מַרְעִיתוֹ, עַם יָדוֹ, so Che al.); צ׳ נַחֲלָתֶ֑ךָ Mi 7:14; also in combinations: אַדִּירֵי הַצּ׳ Je 25:34, 35, 36, צ׳ חַהֲרֵגָה Zc 11:4, 7 (cf. ψ 44:23), עֲנִיֵּי הַצּ׳ v 7, 11 (all of Isr.); of Edom צְעִירֵי הַצּ׳ Je 49:20; 50:45.

בָּקָר182 n.m. 1 K 5:3 + (f. Gn 33:13; Jb 1:14 cf. Dt 32:14 2 S 17:29) cattle, herd, ox (Arabic بَقَرٌ, Aramaic בַּקְרָא, בַּקְרְתָא, ܒܰܩܪܳܐ (cf. also HomNS 222 ff.); name from ploughing, so Thes LagBN 51 al.)—abs. בּ׳ Gn 12:16 +; cstr. בְּקַר Nu 7:88; sf. בְּקָֽרְךָ Gn 45:10 +; בְּקָרֶ֑ךָ Ex 20:24 Je 5:17; בְּקָרוֹ 1 S 11:7 2 S 12:4; בְּקַרְכֶם Dt 12:6; בְּקָרָם Je 3:24 +; pl. בְּקָרִים Am 6:12 (al. read בקר ים) 2 Ch 4:3 (but read פְּקָעִים v. ‖ 1 K 7:24 infr.); sf. בְּקָרֵינוּ Ne 10:37; read בקריכם for בחוריכם 1 S 8:16 𝔊 We Dr;— 1. mostly coll. a. cattle, generic (never pl. in form) Gn 12:16; 13:5; 20:14; 21:27; 24:35 Lv 1:2 Dt 8:13 1 S 11:5 Ho 5:6 Jo 1:18 1 Ch 27:29(×2) + often (frequently ‖ צֹאן); as grazing, 1 Ch 27:29 +; in sim. כַּבּ׳ Jb 40:15 Is 11:7; 65:25; as lowing (קוֹל הַבּ׳) 1 S 15:14; מִקְנֵה בָקָר possession of (i.e. property in) cattle Gn 6:14; 47:17 (both J); עֶדְרֵי ב׳ Jo 1:18 herds of cattle; especially בֶּן־בָּקָר son of cattle (i.e. belonging to the בקר), to denote a single ox, calf, etc.; as used for food Gn 18:7 cf. v 8 (J)—in these prob. = calf (v also 1 S 14:32 בָּקָר וּבְנֵי בָקָר); usually for sacrifice (Hex only P) Nu 15:8, 9; בֶּן־הַבּ׳ Lv 1:5; appos. עֵגֶל †Lv 9:2;—cf. עֶגְלַת בָּקָר †Dt 21:3 1 S 16:2 Is 7:21;—mostly appos. פַּר Ex 29:1 + 27 times; also pl. †פָּרִים בני בקר Nu 28:11, 19, 27; 29:13, 17 (on all these cf. בֵּן); also indef. cattle, oxen, of a number not specified Nu 7:87, 88 (in both enumerated as פָּרִים); 22:40 1 S 14:32; 15:21 1 K 1:9; 7:29(×2) (here of graven work) 8:5 1 Ch 12:40 2 Ch 5:6; 18:2 Is 22:13 ψ 66:15; also as beasts of burden †1 Ch 12:40 b. a particular herd of cattle Gn 18:7 (J); cf. pl. בְּקָרֵינוּ, our herds, only Ne 10:37. 2. more individually, head of cattle,—yet always of more than one (Hex mostly P; pl. only Am 6:12 + 2 Ch 4:3 v. supr.); of two Nu 7:17 + 11 times Nu 7; †cf. also צֶמֶד ב׳ yoke (pair) of oxen 1 S 11:7 cf. v 7, 1 K 19:21 cf. v 21 (ploughing, cf. v 19); also 2 S 6:6 = 1 Ch 13:9 (drawing a cart, cf. Nu 7:3 f. 1 S 6:7 f.), 2 S 24:22 = 1 Ch 21:23, 2 S 24:22, 24 1 K 19:20 Am 6:12 (pl.); 500 yoke of oxen Jb 1:3 cf. v 14; 1000 yoke 42:12; further, of four Nu 7:7; five Ex 21:37 (תַּחַת הַשּׁוֹר); seven 2 Ch 29:22 (‖ פָּרִים v 21); eight Nu 7:8; ten 1 K 5:3; twelve Nu 7:3 (singly called שׁוֹר) cf. v 6; of the twelve brazen bulls beneath the sea in Sol.’s temple 1 K 7:25, 44 = 2 Ch 4:4, 15 cf. 2 K 16:17 2 Ch 4:3 (דְּמוּת בְּקָרִים) v 3 (but read in both פְּקָעִים, as ‖ 1 K 7:24 cf. Be Öt) v 4 Je 52:20; of twenty 1 K 5:3; seventy 2 Ch 29:32; hundreds or thousands 1 K 8:63 = 2 Ch 7:5, 2 Ch 15:11; 29:33; 35:7, 8, 9 (cf. v 12), & Nu 31:33, 38, 44†. Note חֶמְאַת בָּקָר Dt 32:14 (poem), שְׁפוֹת ב׳ 2 S 17:29, כְּלִי הַבּ׳ 2 S 24:22 1 K 19:21, מַלְמַד הַבּ׳ Ju 3:31, צְפִו֯עֵי הַבּ׳ Ez. 4:15 (opp. גֶּלֲלֵי הָאָדָם).

I. אַ֫יִל156 n.m. Gn 22:13 ram (as leader of flock, NHeb. & Aramaic id., Assyrian ailu DlW, Ph. איל, = אַיִל rather than אַיָּל, cf. CISi. p. 231)—אַיִל (אָ֑יִל) Gn 15:9 +; cstr. אֵיל Ex 29:22 +; pl. אֵילִים (אֵילִם, אֵלִים) Gn 32:15 +; cstr. אֵילֵי Gn 31:38 Is 60:7.—ram, 1. used as food Gn 31:38 (E) Dt 32:14 (cf. ram of sacrifice, infr. e.g. Ex 29:32 cf. Lv 8:31); as yielding wool 2 K 3:4; as tribute 2 Ch 17:11; as merchandise Ez 27:21; as gift Gn 32:15 (E); in sim. of leaping, skipping ψ 114:4 (הֶהָרִים רָקְדוּ כְּא׳) v 6; in Dn.’s vision, ram with two horns symbol. kings of Media and Persia Dn 8:3, 4, 6, 7(×4), 20; fig. of rich and powerful in Isr. Ez 34:17. 2. slain in ceremony of ratification of covenant betw. י׳ & Abr. Gn 15:9 (J); in Abr.’s sacrif. Gn 22:13(×2) (E); Balaam’s sacrif. Nu 23:1 + 5 times Nu 23 (JE); so in ritual (P), (a) in consecration ceremony of Aaron & his sons Ex 29:1 + 15 times Ex 29 (א׳ מִלֻּאִים v 22 cf. v 26, 27, 31) Lv 8:2 + 8 times Lv 8 (א׳ הַמִּלֻּאִים v 22, 29 א׳ הָעֹלָה v 18); (b) in guilt-offering (אָשָׁם) Lv 5:15, 16, 18, 25; 19:21, 22 cf. Ezr 10:19 & א׳ הַכִּפֻּרִים Nu 5:8; (c) burnt-offering (עֹלָה) Lv 9:2 & Nu 15:6, 11 & Ez 46:4, 5, 6, 7, 11, on day of atonement Lv 16:3, 5, Pentecost 23:18; (d) peace-offering (שְׁלָמִים) Lv 9:4, 18, 19; beginning of month Nu 28:11, 12, 14 cf. 29:2, 3; passover 28:19, 20 cf. Ez 45:23, 24; day of firstfruits Nu 28:27, 28; in 7th month 29:8 + 18 times Nu 29; (e) in law of Nazarite Nu 6:14, 17, 19; (f) in consecration of altar of tabernacle Nu 7:15 + 25 times Nu 7, cf. consecr. of Ezek.’s temple-altar Ez 43:23, 25; (g) more generally 1 S 15:22; Is 1:11 Mi 6:7 Jb 42:8 ψ 66:15, also Is 34:6; 60:7; at bringing ark to Jerus. 1 Ch 15:26; other occasions 29:21; 2 Ch 13:9; 29:21, 22, 32; Ezr 8:35; cf. fig. Je 51:40; Ez 39:18. 3. עֹרֹת אֵילִים מְאָדָּמִים rams’ skins dyed red, of covering of tabernacle Ex 25:5; 26:14 35:7, 23; 36:19 cf. 39:34 (all P).

פַּר132 n.m. Gn 32:16 young bull, steer;—abs. פ׳ Nu 7:15 +, פָּ֑ר ψ 50:9, always הַפָּר 1 S 1:25 +; cstr. פַּר (הַ)חַטָּאת Ex 29:36 +; pl. פָּרִים Gn 32:16 +; sf. פָּרֶיהָ Je 50:27;—steer [v. especially פַּר בֶּן־בָּקָר Lv 4:3 + 6 times; פ׳ אֶחָד ב׳־ב׳ Ex 29:1 + 12 times Nu 7, cf. 8:8; פ׳ ב׳־ב׳ אֶחָד Nu 15:24 + 3 times, cf. Ez 43:23; 45:18; 46:6; pl. פָּרִים בְּנֵי־ב׳ Nu 28:11 + 4 times; v. בֵּן" dir="rtl" >בֵּן, בָּקָר" dir="rtl" >בָּקָר]: 1. as gift Gn 32:16 (E); fig. of fierce enemies ψ 22:18. 2. elsewhere as sacrifical victims: a. in peace-offering Ex 24:5 (E; Covenant Code), 1 S 1:24 (read פַּר for פָּרִים 𝔊 𝔖 Th We Dr al.), v 25 Nu 7:88 (P), 2 Ch 30:24(×2). b. burnt-offering Ju 6:25(×2) (on text cf. GFM), v 26, 28 1 K 18:23(×3), 25, 26, 33; Ez 43:23 + 5 times Ez, Nu 7:15, 21 + 46 times Nu (P), 1 Ch 15:26; 29:21 Ezr 8:35 Jb 42:8 ψ 50:9; 51:21; Lv 23:18 (gloss, Dr-Wh). c. sin-offering Ez 43:19 + 5 times Ez, Ex 29:1, 3, 10(×2), 11, 12, 14, 36 cf. 2 Ch 13:9; 29:21, Lv 4:3, 4(×3) + 25 times Lv (P), Nu 8:8;—both b. and c. Nu 8:12. d. more gen. Is 1:11 ψ 69:32. e. fig. פָּרִים שְׂפָתֵינוּ Ho 14:3 we will pay (as with) bullocks, our lips, but read פְּרִי 𝔊 We Now, cf. Che. f. of princes and warriors slain by י׳, under fig. of sacrifice Is 34:7; Je 50:27; Ez39:18.

כֶּ֫בֶשׂ107 n.m. Ex 29:38 lamb (√ dub.: NH id., battering-ram; Assyrian kabšu, lamb according to COT Gloss.; Arabic كَبْشٌ is ram, leader; Syriac ܟܶܒܫܳܐ lamb, with anom. ܫ, is very rare, and prob. loan-word; Nö in Frä109)—כ׳ abs. Ex 29:39 + 43 times; pl. כְּבָשִׂים v 38 + 61 times; sf. כְּבָשַׂי Jb 31:20;— 1. lamb, for sacrif.: Is 1:11; of daily offering Ex 29:38, 39(×2), 40, 41 Nu 28:3, 4(×2) + 12 times Nu 28; sin-offering Lv 4:32; purification 12:6; 14:10 + 5 times Lv 14; dedication of altar Nu 7:15 + 25 times Nu 7; offerings in 7th month 29:2 + 22 times Nu 29, etc. (87 times Ex Lv Nu all P); in Ezekiel’s temple Ez 46:4 + 6 times Ez 46; 1 Ch 29:21 2 Ch 29:21, 22, 32; 35:7 Ezr 8:35, cf. sim. Je 11:19. 2. lambs, as grazing; symb. of devastation Is 5:17 (cf. GieBeitr. 1890), sim. of Isr. Ho 4:16; in predict. וְגָר זְאֵב עִם־כ׳ Is 11:6. 3. lambs, as furnishing wool for clothing: Jb 31:20 גֵּז כ׳, Pr 27:26 כ׳ לִלְבוּשֶׁ֑ךָ.

† II. חֲמוֹר n.m. Gn 45:23 (he)-ass (NH id. (sometimes female, but this regularly חֲמוֹרָה); Aramaic חֲמָרָא, ܚܡܳܪܳܐ; Arabic حِمَارٌ, Palm. חמרא ReckendorfZMG 1888, 404; Assyrian imêru, SchrCOT Gloss.;—name from reddish colour)—abs. חֲמוֹר Gn 22:5 + 43 times; חֲמֹר Ex 13:13 Dt 22:10; cstr. חֲמוֹר Ex 23:5 + 4 times; חֲמֹר Gn 49:14; sf. חֲמֹרְךָ Dt 5:14; 28:31; חֲמֹרֶ֑ךָ Ex 23:12; חֲמֹרוֹ Gn 22:3 + 8 times; pl. חֲמוֹרִים Ju 19:10 + 9 times; חֲמֹרִים Gn 12:16 + 16 times; sf. חֲמוֹרֵינוּ Ju 19:19; חֲמֹרֵינוּ Gn 43:18; חֲמוֹרֵיכֶם 1 S 8:16; חֲמֹרֵיהֶם Gn 34:28 + 4 times; חֲמוֹרֵיהֶם Jos 9:4;—ass (he-ass; אתון = she-ass) found in all periods (coll. only Gn 32:6 Is 21:7);— 1. as (valuable) property, with oxen, sheep, camels, slaves, etc. Gn 12:16; 24:35; 30:43; 47:17 Ex 9:3 (all J) Ex 20:17 (E), 21:23; 22:3, 8, 9; 23:4, 5, 12; Nu 16:15; Jos 6:21; 7:24 (all JE); note also Ex 13:13 = 34:20 (JE; firstlings belongs to י׳); Gn 36:24; Nu 31:28, 30, 34, 39, 45 (all P); Dt 5:14, 18; 22:3, 4; 28:31; Ju 6:4; 1 S 8:16; 12:3; 15:3; 22:19; 27:9; 1 Ch 5:21 Ezr 2:67 = Ne 7:68 (Baer), Zc 14:15; coll. Gn 32:5 (J; ‖ שׁוֹר, צֹאן, עֶבֶד, שִׁפְחָה), but pl. (similar ‖) Gn 34:28 (P), 47:17 (J); cf. also ח׳ יְתוֹמִים 24:3 the orphans’ ass (‖ שׁוֹר אַלְמָנָה); as knowing its master’s crib Is 1:3 (‖ שׁוֹר); found in camp 2 K 7:7, 10 (both ‖ סוּסִים); as harnessed מֶתֶג לַח׳ Pr 26:3 (‖ סוּם). 2. used for riding: a. by women Ex 4:20 (J), Jos 15:18 (JE) = Ju 1:14; 1 S 25:20, 23, 42, cf. 2 Ch 28:15. b. by men 2 S 16:2; 17:23; 19:27; 1 K 2:40; 13:13(×2), 23, 24, 27, 28(×2) Is 21:7; Zc 9:9. c. צֶמֶד חמורים a pair of asses 2 S 16:1 (for burdens and for riding); for man and woman Ju 19:3, 10, 19, 21; carrying dead body v 28, cf. ח׳ 1 K 13:29. 3. beast of burden Gn 22:3, 5 (cf. v 6), 42:26, 27; 45:23 (all E) 43:18, 24; 44:3, 13 (all J), Jos 9:4 (JE), 1 S 25:18; 1 Ch 12:41; Ne 13:15 (cf. also צֶמֶד ח׳ 2 S 16:1 supr.); metaph. of Issachar ח׳ גָּ֑רֶם Gn 49:14 (poem), an ass of (strong) bones.—ח׳ לֶחֶם 1 S 16:20 read prob. חֲמִשָּׁה five, or better עֲשָׂרָה ten, v. We Dr. 4. used in tillage Is 32:20; not to be used in ploughing with an ox (שׁוֹר) Dt 22:10. 5. parts of body of ass mentioned are: לְחִי ח׳ Ju 15:15, 16 jawbone, Samson’s weapon; רֹאשׁ ח׳ 2 K 6:25 eaten in famine; בְּשַׂר ח׳ Ez 23:20 genital organ of ass (contempt. sim.) 6. קְבוּרַת ח׳ Je 22:19 burial of an ass, in fig. of ignominious treatment of a corpse. Also she-ass 2 S 19:27 (cf. Mishn. AZ. vi).

שׁוֹר78 n.m. Ne 5:18 a head of cattle, bullock, ox, etc. (often + חֲמוֹר, שֶׂה, etc.);—שׁ׳ abs. Is 1:3 +, cstr. Ex 21:35 +, sf. שׁוֹרוֹ 20:17 +, etc.; pl. שְׁוָרִים Ho 12:12;—usually a single head of cattle, without emphasis on sex (opp. בָּקָר coll. Ex 21:37; Nu 7:3): as property, spoil of war, etc. Ex 20:17 (E; Gi v 14) = Dt 5:18, cf. Dt 5:14; Ex 21:33 (E) ‖ Dt 22:4; Ex 21:37(×2) (‖ בָּקָר of five head), 22:3, 8, 9, 29; 23:12 (all E), Dt 22:1; Gn 49:6 (poem in J), Dt 28:31; Ju 6:4; 1 S 12:3; Jb 24:3; as licking up (לָחַךְ) grass Nu 22:4 (J), feeding ψ 106:20 (in ref. to golden calf), cf. Is 7:25; 32:20; lowing Jb 6:5; as intelligent Is 1:3, vicious (goring נָגַח) Ex 21:28(×3) + 11 times Ex 21 (E); used in ploughing Dt 22:10, threshing 25:4, cf. Pr 14:4; drawing wagon Nu 7:3 (P; opp. בָּקָר coll.); פְּנֵי שׁ׳ Ez 1:10; specif. of male †Jb 21:10 (opp. פָּרָה), of female †Lv 22:28 (H), perhaps also Nu 18:17 (P), appar. generic Dt 15:19; 33:17 (poem, fig.); rarely coll. Gn 32:6 (+ צֹאן), Ex 34:19—cf. Lv 27:26 (P)—Jos 6:21; 7:24 (all J), 1 S 15:3; 22:19; †as slaughtered Pr 7:22, for food 1 S 14:34(×2) (but v b read (אֶת־)אֲשֶׁר with 𝔊 Th We Dr al.), 1 K 1:19, 25; Dt 14:4; Lv 17:3 (H), cf. Ne 5:18 (שׁ׳ אֶחָר), Pr 15:17; for †sacrifice Ju 6:25 (פַּר־הַשּׁ׳, text strange, cf. GFM), ψ 69:32 (שׁוֹר פָּר, but join פָּר to v b Bae), 2 S 6:13; Ho 12:12; Lv 9:4, 18 (P), 22:23, 27 (H), Nu 15:11 (P), Dt 17:1; 18:3, cf. Lv 7:23; 9:19; מִשּׁוֹר זֶבַח Lv 4:10 (P); illicit sacrifice Is 66:3.

עֵז74 n.f. Gn 15:9 she-goat;—abs. ע׳ Gn 15:9 + 6 times; pl. עִזִּים 27:9 + 65 times; sf. עִזֶּיךָ 31:38;— †1. as property Gn 30:22, 33, 35 (J), 31:38 (E), 1 S 25:2. 2. as food: עִזִּים (גְּדִי) גְּדָיֵי kid(s) of she-goats Gn 27:9, 16 (J) + 7 times, שְׂעִיר עִזּים 37:31 (J) a buck of goats, he-goat, שֵׂה עִזִּים Dt 14:4 a(n individual) goat; cf. Lv 7:23 (P; fat forbidden); also חֲלֵב ע׳ Pr 27:27 goats’ milk. 3. as sacrificial victim, chiefly P: a. in gen. Lv 22:27 (H), Nu 15:11. †b. in בְּרִית Gn 15:9 (JE; cf. v 18). †c. פֶּסַח Ex 12:5 (שֶׂה), בְּנֵי עִזִּים 2 Ch 35:7. †d. עוֹלָה Lv 22:19 (H), 1:10 Nu 28:30 (שְׂעִיר ע׳). †e. זֶבַח שְׁלָמִים Lv 3:12; 17:3 (H; cf. v 5), אִשֶּׁה Nu 18:17 (בְּכוֹר ע׳). f. חַטָּאת, שְׂעִיר ע׳ Ez 43:22; 45:23 Lv 4:23 + 3 times Lv, Nu 7:16 + 19 times Nu; שְׂעִירַת עִזִּים a single she-goat Lv 4:28; 5:6; צְפִירֵי עִזִּים 2 Ch 29:21 he-goats. 4. עִזִּים = goats’ hair, as material 1 S 19:13, 16 Ex 25:4 + 6 times P (35:26 obj. of טָווּ!). †5. in sim. חֲשִׂפֵי עִזִּים 1 K 20:27 (v. [חָשִׂיף]); כְּעֵדֶר הָע׳ Ct 4:1; 6:5, of flowing, undulating hair. †6. צְפִיר הָע׳ Dn 8:5, 8 he-goat in vision.

† גָּמָל n.m. Gn 24:10 + 9 times, f. & m. Gn 32:16 (cf. infr.), camel (NH id. Arabic جَمَلٌ (جَمْلٌ), Ethiopic ገመል Assyrian gammalu COTGloss Aramaic גַּמְלָא, ܓܰܡܠܴܐ; Palm. Tariff pl. גמלין ReckendorfZMG 1888, 401; √גמל but meaning of √ dub.; BoHieroz i. 73 der. from גמל requite, so LagBN 20, 49 (camel as μνησίκακος); v. also conject. in MV, Dl in HptF 70 HptBAS i 171; A. v. KremerSemit. Culturentlehn., 2 HomNS 144 ff.)—abs. גָּמָל Gn 24:64 + 7 times; pl. גְּמַלְּים Gn 12:16 + 30 times; cstr. גְּמַלֵּי Gn 24:10; sf. גְּמַלֶּיךָ Gn 24:14 + 3 times; גְּמַלָּיו Gn 24:20; גְּמַלֵּיהֶם Gn 37:25 + 6 times;—camel, 1. as property (in Hex only J) Gn 12:16 (‖ אתנות) 24:10, 35 (‖ חמורים etc.) 30:43 (‖ id.) 32:8 (‖ צאן, בקר) Ex 9:3 (Egyptian ‖ סוסים, חמורים, בקר, צאן, etc.) Ju 6:5; 7:12 1 S 15:3 (‖ חמור etc.) 27:9 1 Ch 5:21; 27:30 (all ‖ id.) 2 Ch 14:14 (‖ צאן) Ezr 2:67 (‖ סוסים, פרדים, חמורים) = Ne 7:68 Jb 1:3 (‖ צאן, בקר, אתנות) cf. v 17 42:12 (‖ id.) Je 49:29 (‖ צאן) v 32 Zc 14:15 (‖ סוס, חמור, פרד) [4 times ‖ סוס and other words, Ex 9:3 (Egyptians), Zc 14:15 (enemies of Israel), Ezr 2:67 = Ne 7:68 (returned exiles)]. 2. as beasts of burden Gn 24:10 cf. v 11, 14, 19, 20, 22, 30, 31, 32(×2), 44, 46(×2) 37:25 (all J), 1 K 10:2 2 K 8:9 1 Ch 12:41 2 Ch 9:1 Is 30:6 (עַל־דַּבֶּשֶׁת ג׳), Is 60:6 (‖ בִּכְרֵי מִדְיָן). 3. for riding Gn 24:61, 63, 64 (all J), 31:17, 34 (both E) 1 S 30:17, cf. also Ju 8:21, 26, and particularly Is 21:7 רֶכֶב גמל; a riding-company of camels i.e. a troop of camels with riders; נְוֵה גמלים an abode for camels, in prediction against Ammon Ez 25:5, (‖ מִרְבַּץ צאן). 4. forbidden as food Lv 11:4 (P) Dt 14:7.

II. שָׂעִיר53 n.m.Nu 15:24 he-goat, buck (hairy one; NH id.);—abs. שׂ׳ Lv 4:24 +, cstr. שְׂעִיר Nu 7:16 +; pl. שְׂעִירִם Lv 16:7, 8; cstr. שְׂעִירֵי v 5 Nu 7:87;—he-goat, usually שְׂעִיר(־)עִזִּים buck of goats (v. עֵז p. 777): Gn 37:31 (J), Ez 43:22; 45:23 Lv 4:23; 9:3; 23:19 + 20 times Nu (all P); שְׂעִירֵי ע׳ Lv 16:5 Nu 7:87 (P); שׂ׳ alone = he-goat Lv 4:24 + 11 times Lv 16 (P); שְׂעִיר (הַ)חַטָּאת he-goat for sin-offering Ez 43:25 Lv 9:15 + 9 times Lv Nu; שְׂעִירֵי הַח׳ 2 Ch 29:23; in Dn 8:21 הַשּׂ׳ is prob. gloss to הַצָּפִיר (cf. Dr).

† שֶׂה n.m. Gn 30:32 and (less often) f. Je 50:17 one of a flock, a sheep (or goat) (Assyrian šuʾu, Arabic شَاةٌ, pl. شَآءٌ, شِوَاهٌ, etc. (also wild ox), cf. Egyptian sau, sheep Bondi65, cf. Id.Ba NB § 2 b δ);—abs. שֶׂה Gn 30:32 +, cstr. שֵׂה Is 43:23 +; sf. שֵׂיוֹ Dt 22:1, שְׂיֵ֫הוּ 1 S 14:34; not in pl.;— 1. a sheep, or goat, nom. unit. of צֹאן: as property Gn 30:32(×2) (E; + צֹאן coll., כְּשָׂבִים, עִזִּים), Ex 21:37(×2) (+ שׁוֹר, צֹאן coll.), 22:3 (+ שׁוֹר, חֲמוֹר), v 8 (id.), v 9 (id.; all E); Dt 22:1 (+ שׁוֹר), 1 S 17:34 (זה Kt van d. H. erron., v. Baer Dr), roaming pasture Is 7:25, straying ψ 119:176 (sim.), slaughtered Is 53:7 (in sim.); + שׁוֹר, חֲמוֹר Ju 6:4; 1 S 22:19; Jos 6:21 (J), + id. + גָּמָל 1 S 15:3; as sacrifice Gn 22:7, 8 (J), Ex 13:13; Lv 5:12; 12:8; Nu 15:11 (שׂ׳ בַּכְּבָשִׂים אוֹ בָּעִזִּים; all P), Dt 18:3 (+ שׁוֹר), Is 43:23; 66:3 (+ שׁוֹר), מִן־הַצֹּאן Ez 45:15; cf. Ex 34:19 (+ שׁוֹר), v 20 (J), Lv 27:26 (P; + שׁוֹר); fit for sacrifice Lv 22:28 (H); unfit v 23 (H), Dt 17:1 (both + שׁוֹר); as food 1 S 14:34 (+ שׁוֹר), שׂ׳ כְּשָׂבִים וְשׂ׳ עִזִּים Dt 14:4 (+ id.); for passover Ex 12:3(×2), 4(×2), 5 (P); fig. of Isr. Ez 34:17(×2) (‖ אֵילִים, עַתּוּדִים), v 20(×2), 22(×2). 2. coll. flock: שֶׂה פְזוּרָה Je 50:17 (= צֹאן אֹבְדוֹת v 6).

† אַרְיֵה n.m. Am 3:8 lion (𝔗 id. Syriac ܐܰܪܝܳܐ, cf. also אֲרִי supr.)—only sg. as above Am 3:4 + 44 times + 2 S 23:20 Kt (Qr אֲרִי) La 3:10 (id.);—lion, lit. in narrative Ju 14:8(×2), 9; 2 S 23:20; 1 K 13:24(×2), 25, 26, 28 (c. עמדים text error according to Klo) 28; 20:36(×2) cf. Is 11:7; 35:9; 65:25; in simile Gn 49:9; 2 S 17:10; ψ 7:3; 10:9; 17:12; 22:14; Is 21:8; 31:4 Je 2:30; 12:8; 49:19; 50:44; La 3:10; (Kt) Ez 1:10; 10:14; 1 Ch 12:8; Ho 11:10; Jo 1:6; Mi 5:7, cf. Am 3:4, 8 Ec 9:4; metaph. Gn 49:9; Dt 33:22; Jb 4:10; ψ 22:22 Is 15:9; Je 4:7; 5:6; Na 2:12(×2), 13.

πρόβᾰτον, τό, frequently in plural πρόβατα (but also in singular, Refs 5th c.BC+; irregular dative πρόβασιRefs 5th c.AD+ — used (among the Ionians and Dorians) of all four-footed cattle, Refs 5th c.BC+; of Europa's bull, Refs 8th c.BC+ generally of cattle, flocks and herds, Refs 8th c.BC+; τὰ π. καὶ καρταίποδα Refs; opposed to ἄνθρωποι, Refs 8th c.BC+; τὰ λεπτὰ τῶν π. small cattle, i.e. sheep and goats, Refs 4th c.BC+; so later, π. ἀπὸ τῶν ἀρνῶν καὶ τῶν ἐρίφων λήψεσθε LXX almost invariably of sheep, Refs 5th c.BC+; so in later Boeotian dialect, Refs: generally, animals for slaughter, whether for sacrifices, Refs 5th c.BC+; or for food, Refs 5th c.BC+ __2 proverbial of stupid, lazy people, ἀριθμός, πρόβατ᾽ ἄλλως Refs 5th c.BC+ more sheepish than a sheep, uncertain conjecture in Refs 5th c.BC+; χρυσοῦν π., = Latin pecus aurea, as nickname, Refs 2nd c.AD+: in other proverbs, τοὺς γευομένους κύνας τῶν π. κατακόπτειν φασὶ δεῖν Refs 4th c.BC+ __II name of a sea-fish, Refs 2nd c.AD+. (Orig. of small cattle, sheep and goats, which in primitive mixed herds walk in front (προβαίνει) of the larger animals.)

תּוֹלֵעָה, תּוֹלַ֫עַת n.f. worm;—abs. תּוֹלֵעָה Is 14:11; Jb 25:6; תּוֹלַעַת Is 41:14 +, תּוֹלָ֑עַת Dt 28:39 Nu 19:6; cstr. תּוֹלַ֫עַת Ex 25:4 +; sf. תּוֹלַעְתָּם Is 66:24;— 1. worm, grub, vine-weevil Jon 4:7; Dt 28:39 (coll.); devouring the dead Is 14:11 (coll.: ‖ רִמָּה), 66:24 (coll.); symbol of insignificance 41:14 Jb 25:6 (‖ רִמָּה), ψ 22:7. 2. elsewhere (P) specif., + שָׁנִי (q.v.), of the coccus ilicis yielding scarlet colour: שְׁנִי (הַ)תּ׳ Lv 14:4, 6, 49, 51, 52; Nu 19:6; of crimson stuff, בֶּגֶד ת׳ שָׁנִי 4:8; usually תְּכֵלֶת וְאַרְגָּמָן וְת׳ (הַ)שָּׁנִי וגו׳ Ex 25:4; 26:1 + 24 times Ex.

† I. עֵ֫דֶר n.m. Gn 29, 2 flock, herd (NH id.; Aramaic עַדְרָא on 𝔊 Γαδερ Gn 35:16 (= ℌ v 21) v LagBN 76 f., who assigns ע׳ therefore, plausibly, to III. עדר (غدر), as lagging, loitering);—ע׳ abs. Gn 32:17(×2) +, cstr. Ct 4:1 +; sf. עֶדְרוֹ Is 40:11 +; pl. עֲדָרִים Gn 29:2 +, cstr. עֶדְרֵי Mi 5:7 +, etc.;— 1. flock: a. of sheep, ע׳ צֹאן Gn 29:2 (J), Mi 5:7, ע׳ הַצּ׳ Jo 1:18; cf. Gn 29:2, 3, 8; 30:40 (all J), 1 S 17:34 Je 51:23 Mal 1:14; ‖ צֹאן Ez 34:12 (sim.), Pr 27:23; + בְּהֵמָה 2 Ch 32:28; ע׳ הָֽרְחֵלִים Ct 6:6 = 4:2 (ins. prob. הָֽר׳); sign of desolation Is 17:2; 32:14 (מִרְעֵה ע׳), Zp 2:14 Je 6:3, of peace 31:24; in sim. also Mi 2:12 Je 31:10 ψ 78:52; fig. of Isr. Is 40:11 Je 13:20 (‖ זֹאן), ע׳ יהוה v 17, so עֶדְרוֹ Zc 10:3. b. of goats, ע׳ הָעִוִּים Ct 4:1; 6:5. c. undefined Ju 5:16 Jb 24:2 Ct 1:7. 2. herds, flocks and herds: a. incl. sheep, cattle, etc., Gn 32:17(×4), 20 (cf. v 14; all E) b. specif. ע׳ בָקָר Jo 1:18.—מִגְדַּל־עֵדֶר v. p. 154 supr.

† עֵ֫גֶל n.m. Ex 32:24 calf (as rolling or gamboling? cf. כַּר fr. כָּרַר; NH id.; Ph. (Pu.) עגל id. Lzb 336; עגילו Palm. n.pr. id. Cook89; Aramaic ܥܶܓܠܴܐ, ܥܓܶܠܬܳܐ, עִיגְלָא, עֲגַלְתָּא, id.; Assyrian [agalu], pl. agalê prob. calves DlHWB 16 (cf. against this JenKosmol. 110, but v. also JägerBAS ii. 2, 286); Arabic عِجْلٌ, id.; Ethiopic እጕል, እጉልት, cf. also HomNS 226);—ע׳ abs. Ex 32:19 +; cstr. 1 S 28:24 +; sf. עֶגְלֵךְ Ho 8:5; pl. עֲגָלִים Ho 13:2 +; cstr. עֶגְלֵי 1 K 12:28 +;—calf, Is 11:6; 27:10 in sim. of leaping mts. ψ 29:6; in sim. of foot-sole of cherubim Ez 1:7; ע׳ מַרְבֵּק i.e. a stall-fed (fatted) calf, 1 S 28:24, in sim. Je 46:21; Mal 3:20, cf. ע׳ מִתּוֹךְ מַרְבֵּק Am 6:4; ע׳ לֹא לֻמָּ֑ד Je 31:18 an untrained calf; עֶגְלֵי עַמִּים ψ 68:31 calves of peoples, i.e. peoples like calves, so most; perhaps read בַּעֲלֵי עמ׳ Matthes Che GunkelSchöpf. 66 f. cf. Bae; calf as sacrif. victim Mi 6:6; Lv 9:2, 3, 8 (P); cut in two, in ratifying covenant Je 34:18, 19 (cf. עֶגְלָה Gn 15:9); elsewhere image of calf: made at Horeb, ע׳ מַסֵּכָה Ex 32:4, 8; Dt 9:16; Ne 9:18; ע׳ alone Ex 32:19, 20, 24, 35; Dt 9:21 ψ 106:19; two set up by Jerob. I in N. Isr., 1 K 12:28, 32; 2 K 10:29; 17:16 2 Ch 11:15; 13:8, cf. Ho 8:5, 6 (עֶגְלֵךְ, ע׳ שֹׁמְרוֹן), 13:2; also 10:5 (v. i. עֶגְלָה as fin.).

† אֲרִי n.m. Pr 28:15 lion (Assyrian aria, Ethiopic አርዌ wild beast, cf. also אַרְיֵה infr.)—אֲ��ִי Am 3:12 + 13 times + 2 S 23:20 Qr (Kt אריה), La 3:10 (id.) + ψ 22:17 (כָּֽאֲרִי for wh. read כארו = כָּרוּ cf. De Pe Che crit. note); pl. אֲרָיִים 1 K 10:20; אֲרָיוֹת (also m.) Zp 3:3 + 16 times (f. Je 51:38? but cf. Ju 14:5);—lion, lit. in narrative Ju 14:5; 1 S 17:34, 36, 37; 2 S 23:20 = 1 Ch 11:22; 2 K 17:25, 26; Pr 22:13; 26:13 Ct 4:8 cf. Am 3:12; 5:19; lion-images 1 K 7:29(×2), 36; 10:19, 20 = 2 Ch 9:18, 19; in comparison Nu 23:24; 24:9 Ju 14:18; Is 38:13; Je 51:38; 2 S 1:33; Ez 22:25; La 3:10; metaph. Na 2:12; Zp 3:3; Je 50:17; Ez 19:2, 6 Pr 28:15. For כארי ψ 22:17 read כארו, cf. above. Cf. also אַרְיֵה.

† אָתוֹן n.f. Gn 45:23 she-ass (Arabic أَتَانٌ, Aramaic אַתָּנָא, ܐܰܬܳܢܳܐ, Assyrian atânu)—אָתוֹן Nu 22:23 + 10 times; אֲתֹנְךָ Nu 22:30, 32; אֲתֹנוֹ Gn 49:11 + 2 times; pl. abs. אֲתֹנֹת Gn 12:16 + 2 times; אֲתֹנוֹת Ju 5:10 + 12 times; אֲתוֹנוֹת Jb 1:3; 42:12;—she-ass, as dam Gn 49:11 Zc 9:9; as property (constituting wealth) Gn 12:16; 32:16 Jb 1:3, 14; 42:12 cf. 1 Ch 27:30; so of the asses of Kish 8 times 1 S 9:3(×2), 5, 20; 10:2(×2), 14, 16; as beasts of burden Gn 45:23; for riding Ju 5:10 Nu 22:21, 22 2 K 4:22, 24; of Balaam’s ass 14 times Nu 22:21, 22, 23(×3), 25, 27(×2), 28, 29, 30(×2), 32, 33.

† [חָבַשׁ] vb. bind, bind on, bind up (NH id.; Assyrian abâšu, according to DlW 70, Pr 174; Arabic حَبَسَ confine, restrict; yet on Assyrian ḫibšu ‘Kopfbinde’ (c. חֿ), etc., v. ZehnpfundBAS i. 499, 526; Aramaic ܚܒܰܫ; cf. ܚܒܽܘܫܝܳܐ, חֲבוּשְׁיָא imprisonment, etc.)— Qal Pf. 2 ms. וְחָבַשְׁתָּ֫ Ex 29:9; 2 mpl. חֲבַשְׁתֶּם Ez 34:4; Impf. יַחֲבוֹשׁ Jb 34:17; וַיַּחֲבֹשׁ Gn 22:3 + 4 times; וִיַּחֲבָשׁ־ 1 K 13:23; וְיֶחְבָּ֑שׁ Jb 5:18; וַיַּחְבְּשֵׁנוּ Ho 6:1; 3 fs. וַתַּחֲבֹשׁ 2 K 4:24; אֶהֱבֹשׁ Ez 34:16; cohort. אֶחְבְּשָׁה־ 2 S 19:27 (but cf.infr.); וָאֶחְבְּשֵׁךְ Ez 16:10; וַיַּחְבְּשׁוּ־ 1 K 13:13; וַיַּחֲבֹ֑שׁוּ 1 K 13:27; Imv. חֲבֹשׁ Jb 40:13; חֲבוֹשׁ Ez 24:17; חִבְשׁוּ 1 K 13:13, 27; Inf. cstr. חֲבֹשׁ Is 30:26; 61:1; לְחָבְשָׁהּ Ez 30:21 (del. Co, cf. 𝔊). Pt. act. חֹבֵשׁ Is 3:7; pass. חָבוּשׁ Jon 2:6; חֲבוּשִׁים Ju 19:10; חֲבֻשִׁים 2 S 16:1 Ez 27:24;— 1. bind, bind on: a. headgear, c. acc. rei, לְ pers. Ex 29:9 Lv 8:13 (both P); c. על pers. Ez 24:17; pass. of seaweeds clinging about head סוּף חָבוּשׁ לְרֹאשִׁי Jon 2:6; c. sf. pers. et בְּ rei וָאֶחְבְּשֵׁךְ Ez 16:10 and I bound (or wound) about thee (i.e. thy head, Sm VB) שֵׁשׁ (in metaph. of י׳’s care for Jerus.; ‖ אַלְבִּישֵׁךְ, אֶנְעֲלֵךְ); fig. of punishment for wicked פְּנֵיהֶם חֲבֹשׁ בטמון Jb 40:13 veil their faces in darkness (‖ טָמְנֵם בֶּעָפָר) v. Di b. pass. prob. twined, twisted in חֲבָלִים חֲבֻשִׁים וַאֲרֻזִים Ez 27:24, cords twisted and strong, v. Sm Da. Especially c. of equipping a beast for riding; ass, in acc. Gn 22:3 Nu 22:21 (both E), 2 S 17:23 & 19:27 (where however read לוֹ חָבְשָׁה־לִּי, so 𝔊 𝔖 𝔙 Th We Dr), 1 K 2:40; 13:13(×2), 23, 27(×2) (v 27 b no dir. obj. expressed) 2 K 4:24; pass., also of asses, Ju 19:10 2 S 16:1. d. fig. = restrain, control (Germ. bändigen), abs. Jb 34:17. 2. bind up, viz. a wound, usually in fig., of comforting the distressed, etc.; c. sf. pers. Ho 6:1 (‖ רָכָּא, opp. הִכָּה); sq. לְ pers. לַחֲבֹשׁ לְנִשְׁבְּרֵי־לֵב Is 61:1; cf. Ez 34:4 (sq. לַנִּשְׁבֶּרֶת; ‖ חַזֵּק, רִפֵּא), v 16 (sq. id.; ‖ חִזֵּק); sq. acc. rei בְּיוֹם חֲבֹשׁ י׳ אֶת־שֶׁבֶר עַמּוֹ Is 30:26;26 (‖ רָפָא); c. acc. of Pharaoh’s broken arm Ez 30:21 (si vera l., v. supr.; cf. Pu.); abs. Jb 5:18 (opp. הִכְאִיב; ‖ רָפָה = רָפָא); also Is 3:7 of repairing fortunes of people. Pi. Pf. חִבֵּשׁ bind, restrain מִבְּכִי נהרות Jb 28:11; Pt. מְחַבֵּשׁ bind up לְעַצְבוֹתָם ψ 147:3. Pu. Pf. be bound up חֻבְּשָׁה Ez 30:21 (metaph.) Pharaoh’s broken arm; חֻבָּ֑שׁוּ Is 1:6 (wounds of land of Judah).

† כֶּ֫לֶב n.m. 1 S 24:15 dog (NH id.; Ph. כלב; Aramaic כַּלְבָּא, ܟܰܠܒܳܐ; Arabic كَلْبٌ; Ethiopic ከልብ: Assyrian kalbu DlHWB 328)—abs. כ׳ Ju 7:5 + 16 times, כָּ֑לֶב ψ 59:7, 15; pl. כְּלָבִים 1 K 14:11 + 12 times; cstr. כַּלְבֵי Jb 30:1; sf. כְּלָבֶיךָ ψ 68:24;—dog: a. lit. 1 K 14:11; 16:4; 21:19(×2), 23, 24; 22:38; 2 K 9:10, 36 (all of fierce, hungry dogs, devouring dead bodies and licking blood); cf. Je 15:3 and (לְשׁוֹךָ כְּלָבֶיךָ) ψ 68:24; eating torn flesh, Ex 22:30 (E), כַּלְבֵי צֹאנִי = my sheep-dogs, only Jb 30:1 (in both these with implied inferiority); dog-sacrifice was a heathen rite Is 66:3 (Di al.); v. especially RSSem i. 273 (291), 325 (343); in various sim. Ju 7:5; Pr 26:11, 17 ψ 59:7, 15; in proverbial sayings: לֹא יֶחֱרַץ־כ׳ לִשֹׁנוֹ Ex 11:7 (v. I. חרץ); לְכ׳ חַי הוּא טוֹב מִן־הָאַרְיֵה הַמֵּת Ec 9:4. b. applied, fig., to men, in contempt 1 S 17:43, so of psalmist’s enemies ψ 22:17, 21, or in excessive humility 2 K 8:13; still more emphatically כ׳ מֵת a dead dog, הַכּ׳ הַמֵּת 2 S 9:8; 16:8; also רֹאשׁ כ׳ 3:8; כְּלָבִים אִלְּמִים Is 56:10 (of misleading prophets), הַכּ׳ עַזֵּי נֶפֶשׁ v 11 (id.); כ׳ was name given to male temple-prostitutes Dt 23:19 (v. Dr; cf. קָדֵשׁ).

† כְּפִיר n.m. young lion;—כ׳ Ju 14:5 + 16 times; pl. כְּפִרִים Je 2:15 + 3 times; כְּפִירִים Zc 11:3 + 7 times; sf. כְּפִירַיִךְ Na 2:14; כְּפִירֶיהָ Ez 38:13 (Co reads כנעניה);—lit. כ׳ אֲרָיוֹת Ju 14:5 young lion of lions; Am 3:4 ψ 17:12. It differs from whelp גּוּר Ez 19:2, 3 as old enough to hunt its prey, Je 25:38; Is 11:6; Zc 11:3; ψ 104:21; in sim. of roar of hostile army Is 5:29 (‖ לָבִיא) cf. Je 51:38 (‖ גּוֹרֵי אריות); sim. of י׳’s invincible might Is 31:4 (‖ אַרְיֵה); of Isr. among the nations, Mi 5:7; of Assyrian princes Na 2:12; of prince of Isr. Ez 19:5, 6; other cases are: ‖ לָבִיא Jb 38:39; ‖ שַׁחַל Ho 5:14 ψ 91:13 Jb 4:10; of bloodthirsty enemies ψ 34:11; 35:17; 58:7 Je 2:15; כ׳ גוים Ez 32:2, of young warriors Na 2:14; Ez 38:13 (?; v. Co supr.); righteous compared with, Pr 28:1; king’s wrath like roaring of, Pr 19:12; 20:2; of one of faces of cherubim Ez 41:19.

† I. נָחָשׁ n.m. Gn 3:1 serpent (NH id.; Arabic حَنَشٌ serpent, viper (Lane406 anything hunted) is cp. by LagM i. 230; BN 50, 188 BAES 48, but improb.; Arabic نَحِسَ v. sub [נָחַשׁ] infr.; on formation cf. LagBN 50);—abs. נ׳ Am 5:19 +; cstr. נְחָשׁ Nu 21:9 + 2 times; pl. נְחָשִׁים Nu 21:6 Je 8:17;— 1. serpent: a. as biting, Am 5:19 Ec 10:8, in spite of charm (לַחַשׁ) v 11 [cf. Ecclus 12:13], Je 8:17 (+ צִפְעֹנִים; fig. of enemies); so הַנְּחָשִׁים הַשְּׂרָפִים Nu 21:6 (deadly; JE; cf. JacobArab. Dicht. iv. 10 ff.), and sg. v 9, also (coll.) v 7 cf. נ׳ שָׂרָף Dt 8:15 (+ עַקְרָב); נ׳ fig. of oppressor, מִשֹּׁרֶשׁ נָחָשׁ יֵצֵא צֶפַע וּפִרְיוֹ שָׂרָף מְעוֹפֵף Is 14:29; fig. of Dan Gn 49:17 (poem in J; ‖ שְׁפִיפֹן); חֲמַת נ׳ ψ 58:5 (sim. of perniciousness of ungodly), cf. נ׳ 140:4; sim. of effect of wine Pr 23:32 (‖ צִפִעֹנִי). b. rod becomes נ׳ Ex 4:3 (J), cf. 7:15 (E); דֶּרֶךְ נ׳ עֲלֵי צוּר Pr 30:19. c. נ׳ (appar.) as hissing Je 46:22 (in sim., cf. Gie); as eating dust Is 65:25 cf. Mi 7:17 (in sim.; v. also Gn 3:14). d. as crafty tempter Gn 3:1, 2, 4, 13, 14. 2. נ׳ (הַ)נְּחשֶׁת, bronze image of serpent Nu 21:9(×2) 2 K 18:4 (cf. נְחֻשְׁתָּן). 3. mythol. נ׳ בָּרִחַ Jb 26:13 fleeing serpent, of eclipse-dragon (cf. לִוְיָתָן 3:6); also לִוְיָתָן נ׳ בָּרִחַ … לִוְיָתָן נ׳ עֲקַלָּתוֹן Is 27:1 (symbol. of world-powers); נ׳ of sea-monster Am 9:3.—נ׳ c. vb. נָשַׁךְ bite Nu 21:6 + 8 times. On supernat. character of serpents in Arabic belief v. NöZeitschr. für Völkerpsychol. i (1860), 412–416 RSKinship 197; Sem i. 421 f., 2d ed. 442 WeSkizzen iii. 147; Arab. Heid. 2, 152 f. JacobArab. Dicht. iv. 5.

ἀρνίον, τό, diminutive of ἀρήν, a little lamb, Refs 5th c.BC+ __II sheepskin, fleece, Refs 2nd c.AD+

[עַתּוּד29] n.m. Gn 31:10 he-goat (NH = BH; Assyrian atudû; Arabic عَتُودٌ young he-goat; relation to above √ not clear; Thes well-developed, cp. Arabic عَتَدٌ horse fit for running (cf. √ meaning great, i.e. perhaps full-grown); according to HomNS 247 f. animal ready to fight);—only pl. עַתּוּדִים Is 1:11 + 13 times; עַתֻּדִים Gn 31:10 + 13 times; cstr. עַתּוּדֵי Is 34:6;—as property Gn 31:10, 12 Ez 27:21 Pr 27:26, food Dt 32:14; as leaders of flock Je 50:8 (sim.), hence fig. of princes and chief men Is 14:9 Ez 34:17, v. also infr.; as sacrif. victims Is 1:11 Nu 7:17 + 12 times Nu 7, ψ 66:15 and (iron.) 50:9, 13; fig. of people and princes in י׳’s great sacrifice Is 34:6; Je 51:40 (sim.), Ez 39:18, and (idea of sacrif. dropped) Zc 10:3.

† יוֹבֵל, יֹבֵל n.m. Nu 36:4 ram, ram’s horn, cornet (Ph. יבל ram; cf. Di Lv 25:10 DlPr 124)—abs. יוֹבֵל Jos 6:5 + 7 times; יֹבֵל Ex 19:13 + 13 times; pl. יוֹבְלִים Jos 6:4 + 2 times; יֹבְלִים Jos 6:13;— 1. ram, only in combin.: בִּמְשֹׁךְ בְּקֶרֶן הַיּ׳ Jos 6:5 the ram’s horn, as wind-instrument; so שׁוֹפְרוֹת (ה)י(ו)בלים Jos 6:4, 6, 8, 13 rams’ horns (v. BenzArchäol. 276); יֹבֵל alone, בִּמְשֹׁךְ הַיֹּבֵל Ex 19:13 at the sounding of the ram(’s horn). 2. designation of 50th year, marked by blowing of cornets, AV ‘jubile’ (so NH יוֹבֵל, 𝔗 יובֵילָא, as loan-word); orig. no doubt שְׁנַת הַיּוֹבֵל year of the ram(’s horn), as Lv 25:13, 28, 40, 50, 52, 54 (all H), 27:17, 18, 23, 24 (all P), but then, without שׁנת, as יוֹבֵל הִוא תִּהְיֶה לָכֶם 25:10 a ram(’s horn blowing) shall it be to you; so v 11, 12, 15, 28, 30, 31, 33 (all H), 27:18, 21 Nu 36:4 (both P).

† נֶשֶׁר n.m. Dt 32:11 griffon-vulture, eagle (NH id.; Assyrian našru; 𝔗 נִשְׁרָא; Syriac ܢܶܫܪܳܐ; Arabic نَسْرٌ vulture (Lane 2780), vulg. نِسْرٌ; Ethiopic ንስር Di 641; Sab. נסר n.pr. dei, and ביתן נסר DHMZMG xxix (1875), 600; xxxvii (1883), 356);—abs. נ׳ Ho 8:1 +; נָ֑שֶׁר Dt 28:49 +; pl. נְשָׁרִים 2 S 1:23 +, cstr. נִשְׁרֵי La 4:19;—sometimes (perhaps not always) the griffon-vulture (TristrNHB 172 ff. Dr Dt 14:12 NowArch. i. 84 Lane 2780), Mi 1:16 (bald, in sim.), flying swiftly to prey Hb 1:8 Jb 9:26, cf. Pr 30:17 (בְּנֵי־נ׳), unclean Lv 11:13 Dt 14:12; soaring Jb 39:27, also in sim. Pr 23:5 Is 40:31 Ob 4, building nest high Je 49:16 (cf. also Jb 39:27); as swift also 2 S 1:23, especially of Bab. and Assyrian invader Je 4:13 La 4:19, cf. Ho 8:1 Dt 28:49 Je 48:40; 49:22 (all in comparisons), הַנֶּשֶׁר הַגָּדוֹל Ez 17:3 (fig. of Nebuch.), v 7 (fig. of king of Egypt); leaving no trace of flight Pr 30:19; as renewing youth (by moulting) ψ 103:5; as training and supporting its young Ex 19:4 (E), Dt 32:11 (song); פְּנֵי נ׳ of cherubim in vision Ez 1:10; 10:4.—Only Mi 1:16 seems to compel ref. to vulture (on eating fresh carrion by eagles v. reff. in Di Lv 11:13), and נ׳ may be a more comprehensive word, incl. both vulture and eagle.

I. פָּרָה26 n.f. heifer, cow;—abs. פ׳ Is 11:7 +; sf. פָּרָתוֹ Jb 21:10; pl. פָּרוֹת Gn 32:16 +, פָּרֹת 41:26; cstr. פָּרוֹת Am 4:1;—as gift Gn 32:16; in Pharaoh’s dream 41:2, 3(×2) + 8 times 41; drawing cart 1 S 6:7, 12, 14 + פ׳ עָלוֹת v 7, 10 cows giving suck, milch cows; פ׳ calving Jb 21:10, grazing Is 11:7; פ׳ אֲדֻמָּה red heifer Nu 19:2, cf. v 5, 6, 9, 10; sim. of stubbornness Ho 4:16; פָּרוֹת הַבָּשָׁן Am 4:1, fig. of luxurious women.

† אַרְבֶּה n.m. Ex 10:19 a kind of locust (usually interp. as the multitudinous, but DlHWB 126 as = Assyrian âribu, êribu, êribû, locust-swarm, from ארב devastate);—always abs. (הָ)א׳;—usually coll. locust-swarm, in sim. of swarm of invaders Ju 6:5; 7:12; often appar. the common species (‖ other species, cf. לְמִינוֹ Lv 11:22): Je 46:23; Na 3:15 (sim. of multitude; ‖ יֶלֶק); as destructive Ex 10:4, 12, 13, 14(×2), 19a (all J), ψ 105:34 (‖ יֶלֶק), Dt 28:38 (vb. חסל), 1 K 8:37 = 2 Ch 6:28, ψ 78:46 (all + חָסִיל), Jo 1:4(×2) (‖ גָּזָם, יֶלֶק, חָסִיל), 2:25 (‖ id.); as disappearing suddenly (sim.) Na 3:17 (‖ גּוֹב גּוֹבַי); as edible Lv 11:22 (H; ‖ סָלְעָם, חַרְגֹּל, חָגָב); as well organized Pr 30:27 (cf. Jo 2:7, 8); of single locust, א׳ אֶחָד Ex 10:19b (J), as leaping (sim.) Jb 39:20, as shaken out of garment (sim.) ψ 109:23 (v. II. נָעַר).—Cf. Dr Jo 82 ff.

† I. צְבִי n.m.2 S 1:19 beauty, honour;—abs. צ 2 S 1:19 +, צֶ֑בִי Dn 8:9; cstr. צְבִי Is 13:19 +; pl. cstr. צִבְאוֹת Je 3:19 (so 𝔗 Ki Thes Hi Gf Ol§ 145 b Köii. 1, 584 al.; > from צבא 𝔙 Gie al.);— 1. a. beauty, decoration, צ׳ עֶדְיוֹ, of silver and gold Ez 7:20, of products of soil Is 4:2 (predict.). b. elsewhere in fig.: of drunkard’s chaplet, צ׳ תִפְאַרְתּוֹ Is 28:1, 4 (fig. of Samaria); עֲטֶרֶת צ׳ v 5 (of י׳); הַצּ׳ 2 S 1:19 (Saul and Jonathan); גְּאוֹן כָּל־צ׳, of Tyre Is 23:9; צ׳ מַמְלָכוֹת 13:19 (of Bab.); of land of Isr. (Judah), צְבִי הִיא לְכָל־הָאֲרָצוֹת Ez 20:6, 15, נַחֲלַת צְבִי צִבְאוֹת גּוֹיִם Je 3:19 (v. supr.) heritage of the beauty of beauties of the nations, i.e. most beauteous heritage; הַצּ׳ especially of Jerus. and temple Dn 8:9 (Bev), cf. אֶרֶץ הַצּ׳ 11:16, 41 (v. Dr), הַר צ׳־קֹדֶשׁ v 45 (i.e. temple-hill); of cities of Moab, צ׳ אֶרֶץ Ez 25:9. 2. = honour, צ׳ לַצַּדִּיק Is 24:16.—Ez 26:20; read וְתִתְיַצְּבִי for וְנָתַתִּי צְבִי, so 𝔊 Co Berthol Toy Krae al.

† רָמַשׂ vb. creep, move lightly, move about (chiefly P) (Arabic رَمَشَ touch gently (Kam Frey); NH רְמָשִׂים creeping things (rare));— Qal Impf. 3 fs. תִּרְמֹשׂ Gn 9:2 + 2 times; Pt. רֹמֵשׂ 1:26 +; fs. רֹמֶ֫שֶׂת Lv 11:46 + 2 times;— 1. subj. ground, כֹּל אֲשֶׁר ת׳ הָאֲדָמָה all with which the ground creeps (teems), i.e. all creeping things, Lv 20:25 (H), Gn 9:2 (P). 2. elsewhere subj. animal: a. creep, עַל־הָאֲדָמָה Dt 4:18; Gn 7:8 (P), עַל־הָאָרֶץ Lv 11:44 (H), Gn 1:30 (P); הָרֶמֶשׂ הָרֹמֵשׂ עַל־הָאֲדָמָה Ez 38:20, עַל־הָאָרֶין Gn 1:26; 7:14; 8:17 (all P). b. move lightly, glide about, of water animals, כָּל־נֶפֶשׁ (בַּמַּיִם) הַחַיָּה הָרֹמֶשֶׂת Lv 11:46 (H), Gn 1:21 (P), cf. ψ 69:35. c. in gen. move about, of all land-animals, עַל־הָאָרֶין Gn 1:28; 7:21; 8:19 (all P); specif. of wild beasts prowling at night ψ 104:20.

† רֶ֫מֶשׂ n.m. Ez 38:20 coll. creeping things, moving things;—ר׳ abs. 1 K 5:13 +, cstr. Ho 2:20 +;— 1. creeping things (disting. from בְּהֵמָה, חַיָּה, עוֹף, צִפּוֹר, דָּג) Ho 2:20; 1 K 5:13; Ez 8:10; 38:20; Gn 1:24, 25, 26; 6:7, 20; 7:14, 23; 8:17, 19 (all P), Hb 1:14 (in sim.) ψ 148:10. 2. of sea animals, gliding things, ψ 104:25. 3. moving things, of all animals Gn 9:3 (P).—Cf. DrHast. DB Creeping Things.

ὄφις, ὁ, genitive ὄφεως, poetry also ὄφεος Refs 5th c.BC+; Doric dialect and Ionic dialect ὄφιος Refs 8th c.BC+:—serpent, αἰόλος Refs 8th c.BC+; ὁ ψυχρὸς ὄ. Refs 3rd c.BC+; equivalent to δράκων in Refs 8th c.BC+ __II like{δράκων}, a serpent-like bracelet, Refs 4th c.BC+; ὄφεις is Attic dialect for ψέλλια accusative to Refs 2nd c.AD+ __II.2 τρικάρηνος ὄ. ὁ χάλκεος dedicated at Delphi (= Refs 5th c.BC+ __III the constellation Refs 4th c.BC+ __IV a creeping plant, Refs 5th c.BC+ __V a kind of fish, see at {ὀφίδιον} Refs __VI guinea-worm (elsewhere δρακόντιον), Refs 2nd c.AD+ __VII ={ὀφίασις} I, Refs 1st c.AD+. [The first syllable is sometimes made long in the older Poets, αἰόλον ὄφιν Refs 8th c.BC+ —The ultima of the _nominative_ and _accusative_ ὄφις, ὄφιν is commonly long, as in Refs 8th c.BC+; short only in later Poets, as Refs 4th c.BC+

† II. צְבִי n.m.Is 13:14 gazelle;—צ׳ abs. Dt 12:15 +; pl. צְבָיִם 2 S 2:18, צְבָאיִם 1 Ch 12:9 (Gi Baer; van d. H. v 8), צְבָאוֹת Ct 2:7; 3:5;—gazelle, allowed as food Dt 14:5, cf. 12:15, 22 (although not for sacrif., Dr; all + אַיָּל), so 15:22 (+ אַיָּל, יַחְמוּר, etc.), v. 1 K 5:3; sim. of swiftness 2 S 2:18; 1 Ch 12:9; v. supr., Pr 6:5; of grace and beauty Ct 2:9, 17; 8:14 (cf. JacobArab. Dichter iv. 20 f.); hence used in adjuration 2:7; 3:5 (+ אילות); צ׳ מֻדָּח Is 13:14, sim. of fugitives.

† שָׁרַץ vb. swarm, teem (NH id.; Aramaic ܫܪܰܨ crawl, ܫܶܪܨܳܐ = שֶׁרֶץ, so שִׁרְצָא (rare); Ethiopic ሠረጸ: germinate, sprout);— Qal Pf. 3 ms. שׁ׳ ψ 105:30, שָֽׁרְצוּ Gn 1:21, etc.; Impf. 3 ms. יִשְׁרֹץ Ez 47:9, etc.; Imv. mpl. שִׁרְצוּ Gn 9:7; Pt. הַשֹּׁרֵץ 7:21 +, f. הַשֹּׁרֶ֫צֶת Lv 11:46; Hex mostly P:— 1. swarm, teem with (acc. animal), subj. water Gn 1:20, 21, cf. Ex 7:28 (J), land ψ 105:30. 2. swarm, subj. animal Gn 8:17 (+ פָּרָה, רָבָה), Ez 47:9, הַשֹּׁרֵץ Gn 7:21; Lv 11:29 (P). 41, 42, 46 (J) (all עַל־הָאָרֶץ), v 43; subj. men Gn 9:7 (+ פָּרָה, רָבָה), Ex 1:7 (id., + עָצַם).

† תַּנִּין (erron. תַּנִּים) n.m. Ez 29:3 serpent, dragon, sea-monster (NH id. (rare); Arabic تَنِّينٌ, loan-word from Aramaic תַּנִּינָא, ܬܰܢܺܝܢܳܐ Frä123; Ethiopic ተመን );—abs. ת׳ Ex 7:9 +, ים— Ez 29:3; 32:2 (by confusion with pl. of [תַּן]); pl. תַּנִּינִם Gn 1:21, etc.;— 1. serpent, Dt 32:33 (venomous), ψ 91:13 (‖ פֶּתֶן), Ex 7:9, 10, 12 (P). 2. dragon, as devourer (sim.) Je 51:34; עֵין הַתּ׳ Ne 2:13, near Jerus. 3. sea- (or river-) monster, Gn 1:21 (P); fig. Jb 7:12 ψ 74:13 (i.e. Egyptians), Is 27:1; 51:9 (‖ רַהַב mythol. personif. of chaos) Ez 29:3; 32:2; called to praise י׳ ψ 148:7 (‖ תְּהֹמוֹת).—Vid. CheEncy. Bib. dragon GunkSchöpfung 69 ff. BartonJAOS xv. 1(1891), 23 f.; personif. of water-spout RSSem i. 161; 2nd ed. 176; cf. Gk. fish-name θύννος LewyFremdw. 15.

δράκων [ᾰ], οντος, o(: (probably from δέρκομαι, δρᾰκεῖν,Refs 3rd c.AD+:— dragon, serpent, Refs 8th c.BC+; perhaps a water-snake, Refs __II the constellation Draco, Refs 4th c.BC+ __III a sea-fish, the great weever, Refs 5th c.BC+ __IV ={κηρύκειον}, probably a wand with a serpent coiled round it, Refs 5th c.BC+ __IV.2 serpent-shaped bracelet or necklace, Refs 2nd c.AD+ __IV.3 a noose or crossed bandage for the ankle, Heraclas cited in Refs 4th c.AD+ __IV.4 dragon-standard, Refs 4th c.AD+: hence, corps of 1,000 men in the Parthian army, Refs 2nd c.AD+

† כֶּ֫שֶׂב n.[m.] lamb (transp. from preceding)—כ׳ abs. Lv 3:7 + 5 times; pl. כְּשָׂבִים Gn 30:32 + 6 times;—lamb, as property Gn 30:32, 33, 35, 40 (J); for sacrif. Lv 1:10; 3:7; 4:35; 22:19 Nu 18:17, cf. Lv 22:27; for food Lv 7:23, cf. 17:3 (all P); Dt 14:4.

† צְפַרְדֵּעַ n.f. Ex 8:2 (cf. also AlbrZAW xv (1895), 322 Ges§§ 135 o, 145 o) frogs (Arabic ضِفْدِعٌ, etc.; Aramaic עוּרְדְּעָנַיָּא, אוּרְדְּעָא, ܐܽܘܪܕܥܳܐ );—frogs, coll. Ex 8:2 ψ 78:45; pl. צְפַרְדְּעִים Ex 7:27, 28, 29; 8:1, 3, 4, 5, 7, 8, 9 ψ 105:30.

πῶλος, ὁ and ἡ, foal, whether colt or filly, Refs 8th c.BC+; νεοζυγὴς π. Refs 4th c.BC+; κριθῶντα π. Refs; ὁ ἔτι ἀδάμαστος π. Refs 5th c.BC+; ἵπποι π., opposed to ἵπποι τέλειοι, Refs 5th c.BC+ __2 any young animal: of the elephant, Refs 4th c.BC+; κάμηλος π. Refs 2nd c.AD+; of the dog, Refs 2nd c.AD+; ass, NT; ὄνοι π. Refs 3rd c.BC+; pullet, Refs 2nd c.AD+ __3 in Poets, in feminine, young girl, maiden, Refs 6th c.BC+: less frequently masculine, young man, Refs 4th c.BC+ __II a Corinthian coin, from the figure of Pegasus upon it, Refs 5th c.BC+ __III ἱερὸς π. Ἴσιδος, title of priest in Egypt, Refs 2nd c.BC+; π. alone, of a priest of Demeter and Persephone, Refs 4th c.BC+

χοῖρος, ὁ (ἡ Refs 6th c.BC+:— young pig, porker (younger than δέλφαξ, Refs 8th c.BC+; offered as one of the smaller sacrifices, Refs 5th c.BC+ __b generally, ={ὗς},{σῦς}, swine, ἤδη δέλφακες, χοῖροι δὲ τοῖσιν ἄλλοις NT+5th c.BC+ __2 pudenda muliebria, frequently in Comedy texts poets, who are always punning on the word and its compounds, Refs 5th c.BC+ {χοιρόσακον}, etc.; said to be a Corinthian usage, Refs __II a fish of the Nile, Refs 1st c.BC+ at Title Page (Perh. for ĝhoryo- 'grey', cf. Norse griss 'sucking-pig', OHG grīs 'grey', orRefs 2nd c.AD+ de[rmacr] 'pig'.)

† דֹּב n.m. Pr 28:15, f. 2 K 2:24 (seld.) bear (from soft or gliding motion, NH id., Ethiopic ድብ Assyrian dabû(?) DlS 55; Aramaic דּוּבָּא, ܕܶܒܳܐ; Arabic دُبٌّ, دُبَّةٌ, is however a loan-word cf. Hom NS 301 f.);—abs. דֹּב Am 5:19 + 5 times; דּוֹב 1 S 17:34 + 2 times; pl. דֻּבִּים 2 K 2:24; Is 59:11;—bear, female 2 K 2:24; 2 S 17:8; Pr 17:12; Ho 13:8 cf. Is 11:7; undetermined 1 S 17:34, 36, 37 Am 5:19 Pr 28:15; Is 59:11; La 3:10 (on art. 1 S 17:34; Am 5:19 cf. RSSem i 119 n.)

† III. כַּר n.[m.] he-lamb, battering-ram (Assyrian kirru, Zim in Schwally ZAW x. (1890), 186; perhaps lamb from dancing, skipping, gallopping in field; (battering-)ram as in Eng., from butting; cf. Arabic كَبْشٌ ram and buttress, Lane; also battering-ram cf. Dozy ii. 440);—sg. only Is 16:1 the lamb of the ruler (as tribute); elsewhere pl. כָּרִים Am 6:4 1 S 15:9; 2 K 3:4; Je 51:40 (in sim.), Ez 27:21; 39:18; חֵלֶב כ׳ Dt 32:14 the fat of lambs; דַּם כ׳ וְעַתּוּדִים Is 34:6 the blood of lambs and goats; כָּרִים = battering-rams Ez 4:2; 21:27(×2) (in v a Co reads שָׂרִים, cf. AV; MT RV as above).—Vid. also בֵּית כָּ֑ר p. 111 supr.

† [תַּן] n.[m. et.] f. La 4:3 jackal (so most; TrNHB 109 ff., 263 f. Shipley-CookEncy. Bib. Jackal; but wolf PostHast.DB; Dragon, cf. Che Is 13:22 and (rare) Arabic تِينَانٌ );—pl. תַּנִּים Mi 1:8 +, תַּנִּין La 4:3 (Ges§ 87 e), לְתַנּוֹת Mal 1:3 (si vera l.; 𝔊 Thes al. interpret = dwellings, Sta Now conjecturre נְאוֹת, Marti נָתַתִּי לְ);—jackal, howling mournfully in waste places, Mi 1:8; Jb 30:29 (both ‖ בְּנוֹת יַעֲנָה), Is 13:22 (‖ אִיִּים), in desert also 43:20 (‖ בְּנוֹת יַעֲנָה); deserted sites called מְעוֹן ת׳ Je 9:10; 10:22; 49:33; 51:37, נְוֵה ת׳ Is 34:13; 35:7, מְקוֹם ת׳ ψ 44:20, ת׳ מִדְבָּר Mal 1:3 (si vera l., but v. supra); ת׳ as snuffing up wind Je 14:6, giving suck La 4:3.

† אַיָּל n.[m.] (f. ψ 42:2) hart, stag, deer (Aramaic id., ܐܰܝܠܴܐ Arabic إِيَّلٌ Assyrian ailu DlW, but dub., v. HptBAS i. 170, Ethiopic ሀየል = leader? cf. אַיִל. Arabic إِيَّلٌ = ibex (i.q. وَعْلٌ, وَعِلٌ).) א׳ abs. Dt 12:15 + 6 times; pl. אַיָּלִים Ct 2:9 + 3 times;—hart, stag, allowed as food Dt 12:15, 22; 15:22 (all ‖ צְבִי); 14:5 (‖ צְבִי, יַחְמוּר etc.); eaten in Sol.’s household 1 K 5:3 (‖ as Dt 14:5); sim. of leaping Is 35:6; id. עֹפֶר הָא׳ Ct 2:9, 17; 8:14 (all ‖ צְבִי); as in search of pasture, sim. of princes of Judah La 1:6; as longing for water, sim. of longing for י׳ ψ 42:2.

† I. גֵּרָה n.f. cud (Arabic جِرَّةٌ, so called from sound of rumination?)—גֵּרָה Lv 11:3 + 10 times—cud, only in legislation of clean and unclean animals, and almost always c. (ֵי, ַת, ָה) מַעֲלֵה Lv 11:3, 4(×2), 5, 6, 26 (P) Dt 14:6, 7(×2); ג׳ יִגָּ֑ר (cf. גרר Niph.) Lv 11:7; Dt 14:8 has גֵּרָה without vb., but read there as Lv 11:7 (so Sam. 𝔊 Di).

† לָבִיא n.[m.] lion, poss. also [f.] lioness (cf. Arabic usage, and Gn 49:9; Nu 24:9; Jb 4:11, etc.; but this by no means certain);—ל׳ abs. Gn 49:9 + 10 times;—Is 30:6 (‖ לַיִשׁ), Jb 38:39 (‖ כְּפִיר); Gn 49:9 in sim. of victor’s repose (רָבַץ; ‖ אַרְיֵה), cf. Nu 24:9 (c. שָׁכַב; ‖ אֲרִי), Dt 33:20 (שָׁכֵן וְטָרַף); v. also Nu 23:24 (קוּם; ‖ אֲרִי); fig. of Nineveh Na 2:12 (‖ אַרְיֵה), cf. Is 5:29 (שָֽׁאֲגָה in sim.; ‖ כְּפִירִים); fig. of wicked Jb 4:11 (+ אַרְיֵה, שָׁ֑הַל, כְּפִיר, לַיִשׁ v 10, 11); sim. of י׳, devouring (אָכַל) in judgment Ho 13:8; fig. of locusts מְתַלְּעוֹת ל׳ Jo 1:6 (‖ שִׁנֵּי אַרְיֵה).

† אַרְיֵה n.m. Dn 6:25b lion;—abs. א׳ Dn 7:4 (sim.); pl. emph. אַרְיָוָתָא (D 153) 6:8, 13, 17, 20, 21, 23, 25(×2), 28.

† עַ֫יִר n.m. Gn 32:16 male ass (young and vigorous);—pl. וַעְיָרִם Gn 32:16 (E); sf. עִירֹה 49:11 (poem; ‖ בְּנִי אֲתֹנוֹ); cstr. עַיִר פֶּרֶא (Ges§ 131 c N. 2; or appos. KöSynt.§ 333 s Di al.) Jb 11:12 wild ass’s colt; pl. עֲיָרִים, for riding Ju 10:4a (v 4 b see ii. עִיר), עֲיָרִם 12:14, sg. abs. עַיִר Zc 9:9; עֲיָרִים for carrying Is 30:6 Qr (Kt עורים), עֲיָרִם for tillage v 24.

† פֶּ֫רֶא n.m. Jb 39:5 (m. et. f. Je 2:24, but f. prob. erron., cf. KöSynt. 157 AlbrZAW xvi (1896), 68) wild ass (prob. from swiftness);—פ׳ abs. Ho 8:9 + (so Je 2:24 Gi; van d. H. Baer פֶּרֶה, cstr. Gn 16:12; pl. פְּרָאִים Je 14:6 +;—wild ass Je 14:6; Jb 6:5; 39:5; Is 32:14 ψ 104:11; עַיִר פ׳ Jb 11:12 wild ass’s colt; פ׳ אָדָם Gn 16:12 (J) a wild ass of a man (Ishmael as a free nomad); fig. of wilfulness Ho 8:9 (v. I. בָּדַד); of lust Je 2:24 (i.e. Israel’s love of idolatry); of poor desert-dwellers Jb 24:5.

λέων, οντος, ὁ, Epic dialect dative plural λείουσι Refs 8th c.BC+:—lion, ὠμοφάγοι λ. Il.[same place]; αἴθων 18.161; χαροποί Refs 8th c.BC+; compare λίς: metaphorically, of Artemis, σὲ λέοντα γυναιξὶ Ζεὺς θῆκεν Zeus made thee a lion toward women (because she was supposed to cause their sudden death), Refs 8th c.BC+; used of savage persons, Refs 4th c.BC+; but also, of brave men, Refs 5th c.BC+; of a baby, Refs 5th c.BC+ __2 “Leo”, the sign in the Zodiac, Refs 4th c.BC+ __3 ={λεοντῆ}, lion's skin, Refs 2nd c.AD+ __4 as an ornament, Refs 2nd c.AD+ __II a kind of crab, Refs 3rd c.BC+ __III a kind of serpent, Refs 2nd c.BC+ __IV ={λεοντίασις}, Refs 2nd c.AD+ __V a kind of dance, Refs 2nd c.AD+ __VI title of grade of initiates in the mysteries of Mithras, Refs 3rd c.AD+ __VII a sea-monster, Refs 2nd c.AD+ __VIII ={ὀροβάγχη}, Refs 1st c.AD+

† יֶ֫לֶק n.m. Na 3:16 a kind of locust, abs. יֶלֶק Na 3:16 + 5 times; יָ֑לֶק Jo 1:4 + 2 times;—always coll.: a as devouring ‖ גָּזָם, אַרְבֶּה, חָסִיל, Jo 1:4(×2) 2:25; ‖ אַרְבֶּה ψ 105:34 (of Egyptian plague), cf. Na 3:15a (but del. We). b. in sim. of multitude of men Na 3:15b Je 51:14; of horses v 27 (יֶלֶק סָמָר). c. in sim. of scattering and disappearing Na 3:16.

† רְאֵם n.m. Jb 39:10 wild ox (Assyrian rêmu DlHWB 603 (ראם), HoughtonTSBA v (1877), 336 ff., and illustr. bef. p. 33 SchrKGF 135 ff., 530 HomNS 257 ff., 410, 436 f. Dr Dt 33:17; on strength and ferocity, PlinNH viii. 21; Aramaic רְאֵמָא, רֵימָא, רֵימָנָא, ܪܰܝܡܳܐ (LagBN 58); Arabic رِىْٔمٌ is white antelope, antilope leucoryx; 𝔊 (erron.) μονόκερως (Is 34:7 ἁδροί), 𝔙 unicornis, and (oftener) rhinoceros);—abs. ר׳ Nu 23:22 +, רְאֵים ψ 92:11, רֵים Jb 39:9, 10; pl. רְאֵמִים Is 34:7 ψ 29:6, רֵמִים 22:22 (v. Baer);—wild ox, as fierce and strong Jb 39:9, 10; sim. of strength of Isr., כְּתוֹעֲפוֹה ר׳ לוֹ Nu 23:22 = 24:8 (JE), רַתָּרֶם כִּרְאֵם קַרְנִי ψ 92:11; so fig. of Joseph, קֵּרְנֵי ר׳ קַרְנָיו Dt 33:17; fig. of princes of Edom Is 34:7 (+ פָּרִים עִם אַבִּירִים); of powerful foes, מִקַּרְנֵי רֵמִים ψ 22:22; in sim. of skipping, leaping, בֶּן־רְאֵמִים ψ 29:6 (‖ עֵגֶל).

βοῦς, Doric dialect βῶς Refs 3rd c.BC+, poetry also βοῦ Refs 8th c.BC+ and Doric dialect, Refs 3rd c.BC+, Ionic dialect and poetry also βόα Refs 8th c.BC+, rarely contraction βοῦς Refs 5th c.BC+, contraction βῶν Refs 8th c.BC+, Epic dialect βόεσσι, βοσί Refs 1st c.AD+; Boeotian dialect βούεσσι Refs 8th c.BC+, and Attic dialect, NT+4th c.BC+:—bullock, bull, ox, or cow, in plural cattle, commonly feminine: to mark the male Refs 8th c.BC+ adds a word, β. ἄρσην Refs 8th c.BC+; as a measure of value, βοὸς ἄξιον Refs __b βοῦς ἄγριος buffalo, Refs 4th c.BC+ __c βοῦς ἐν Συρίᾳ zebu, Refs; β. ἐν Παιονίᾳ, perhaps urus, Refs __d βοὸς ὄμμα, ={βούφθαλμος}, Refs 1st c.BC+ __2 metaphorically of any dam or mother, μία β. Κρηθεῖ τε μάτηρ καὶ Σαλμωνεῖ Refs 5th c.BC+ __II ={βοείη} or βοέη (always feminine), ox-hide shield, νωμῆσαι βῶν Refs 8th c.BC+; βόας αὔαςRefs 5th c.BC+ __III a fish, perhaps Notidanus griseus, Refs 4th c.BC+ __III.2 a fish of the Nile, Refs 1st c.BC+ __IV ἔβδομος β. crescent loaf, Refs __V seam, Refs 2nd c.AD+ __VI the constellation Taurus, Refs 1st c.BC+ __VII ={μάστιξ}, Refs 5th c.AD+ __VIII proverbial, β. ἐπὶ γλώσσης ἐπιβαίνων Refs 6th c.BC+; of people who keep silence from some weighty reason, τὸν βοῦν ἐπιτίθημι τῇ γλώττῃ Refs 4th c.AD+ (wrongly explained by Refs 2nd c.AD+; β. ἐν αὐλίῳ, of a useless person, Refs 5th c.BC+; β. λύρας 'pearls before swine', Refs 3rd c.BC+, Sanskrit gaús) accusative βῶν (Sanskrit gā´m) are old forms: stem βωϝ-βοϝ-, cf. Latin (Umbr.) bos, etc.)

† אַיָּלָה n.f. hind, doe—א׳ abs. Gn 49:21 (but read אֵילָה v. infr.); אַיֶּ֫לֶת Je 14:5; cstr. אַיֶּ֫לֶת ψ 22:1 Pr 5:19; pl. אַיָּלוֹת ψ 29:9 + 4 times; cstr. אַיְלוֹת Ct 2:7; 3:5—hind, doe, as calving Jb 39:1 (חֹלֵל א׳ ‖ לֶדֶת יַעֲלֵי סָ֑לַע) cf. ψ 29:9 קוֹל יָ׳ יְחוֹלֵל א׳; in adjuration בִּצְבָאוֹת אוֹ בְּא׳ הַשָּׂדֶה Ct 2:7; 3:5; in sim. מְשַׁיֶּה רַגְלַי כָּא ψ 18:34; = 2 S 22:34 cf. וַיָּשֶׂם ר׳ כָּא׳ Hb 3:19 i.e. surefooted, secure, cf. ‖ וְעַל בָּמֹתַי יַעֲמִידֵנִי ψ 18:34 2 S 22:34; so Hb 3:19 but vb. יַדְרִכֵנִי; metaph. of Naphtali Gn 49:21 א׳ שְׁלֻחָה, but read אִילָה, cf. sub i. אֵלָה; in name of a melody ψ 22:1 עַל־אַיֶּלֶת הַשַּׁחַר cf. De, & for hind as fig. of dawn Yom.29 a.

† I. [אֶ֫לֶף] n.m. ψ 8:8; only pl. cattle (Ph. אלף, Assyrian alpu, COTGloss.)—אֲלָפִים Pr 14:4 Is 30:24 used in tillage; subject to man ψ 8:8 (‖ צֹנֶה); their increase שְׁגַר אֲלָפֶיךָ a blessing Dt 7:13; 28:4, 18, 51 (‖ all עַשְׁתְּרֹת צֹאנֶ֑ךָ).

† יַעֲנָה n.f. greed(?);—only in בַּת־הַיַּעֲנָה Lv 11:16 Dt 14:15; בְּנוֹת־יַעֲנָה Mi 1:8 + 5 times;—ostrich, (vid. √ יען supra); as wailing (sim. of mourning) Mi 1:8 (‖ תַּנִּים); symbol. of loneliness Jb 30:29 (אָח הָיִיתִי לְתַנִּים וְרֵעַ לב׳ יַעֲ׳); of desolation, as dwelling among ruins Is 13:21; 34:13 (‖ תַּנִּים), Je 50:39; living in desert Is 43:20 (‖ תַּנִּים); unclean Lv 11:16 Dt 14:15.

† כִּבְשָׂה, כַּבְשָׂה n.f. ewe-lamb; כִּ׳ 2 S 12:3, 6; כַּ׳ Lv 14:10 Nu 6:14; cstr. כִּבְשַׂת 2 S 12:4; pl. כְּבָשׂת Gn 21:29, 30; cstr. כִּבְשׂת v 28;—ewe-lambs (7) set in witness Gn 21:28, 29, 30 (E); used in sacrif. Lv 14:10 (purif.), Nu 6:14 (Nazirite; both P, and both ‖ כֶּבֶשׂ); for food, in Nathan’s parable 2 S 12:3, 4, 6.

ἀγέλ-η, ἡ, (ἄγω) herd, of horses, Refs 8th c.BC+ always of oxen and kine, Refs 8th c.BC+—also, any herd or company, συῶν ἀ. Refs 8th c.BC+; shoal of fish, Refs 5th c.BC+ __II in Crete and at Sparta, bands in which boys were trained, Refs 4th c.BC+ __III ={ἀστρικαὶ σφαῖραι} Refs

† חֲזִיר n.m. ψ 80:14 swine, boar (NH id.; Aramaic חֲזִירָא, ܚܙܺܝܪܳܐ; Arabic خِنْزِيرٌ (Aramaic loan-wd. according to Frä 110, yet v. LagBN 113); Ethiopic ኀንዚር (only once; = wild boar), v. HomNS 319 f. 358, 385)—always st. abs., 4 times c. art. הַח׳;— 1. swine, forbidden as food Lv 11:7 (P), Dt 14:8, cf. בְּשַׂר הַח׳ Is 65:4; 66:17, and דַּם־ח׳ 66:3 as heathen offering (RSSem i, 272.325.338.392); with implication of repulsiveness נֶזֶם זָהָב בְּאַף ח׳ Pr 11:22 sim. of fair woman with dub. character. 2. wild boar ח׳ מִיָּ֑עַר ψ 80:14 fig. of foes of Isr. (in fig. of vineyard).

† II. עָשׁ n.m.Is 50:9 moth (as waster, consumer);—ע׳ abs., Ho 5:12 (‖ רָקָב), Is 50:9; 51:8; in sim. ψ 39:12; כְּבֶגֶד אֲכָלוֹ עָשׁ Jb 13:28; symbol of fragility Jb 4:19.—27:18 read prob. עַכָּבִישׁ q.v.

† רִמָּה n.f. worm (cause and sign of decay);—abs. ר׳ Ex 16:24 (P), Is 14:11 (‖ תּוֹלֵעָה), Jb 7:5; 17:14; 21:26; 24:20 all indic. corruption, feeding on dead, etc.; hyperb. of insignificant man 25:6 (‖ תּוֹלֵעָה).

† I. שׁוּעָל n.m. Ct 2:15 fox, perhaps also jackal;—abs. שׁ׳ Ne 3:25; pl. שׁוּעָלִים Ju 15:4 +, שֻׁ׳ Ez 13:4; Ct 2:15 b;—fox (prob.) Ne 3:25; Ct 2:15(×2); perhaps (from large no.) jackal Ju 15:4; as haunting ruins Ez 13:4; La 5:18; eating offal ψ 63:11.

שַׁ֫חַל n.m. lion (poet.);—abs. שׁ׳ Ho 5:14 +, שָׁ֑חַל Jb 4:10 +;—lion, sim. of י׳, toward Israel Ho 5:14 (‖ כְּפִיר), 13:7 (‖ נָמֵר); of guilty men Jb 4:10 (‖ אַרְיֵה, כְּפִירִים); fig. of foes ψ 91:13 (‖ כְּפִיר); lion, as hunted Jb 10:16 (in sim.); lit. 28:8; Pr 26:13

† [תּוֹר] n.m. bullock (𝔗 Syriac; BH שׁוֹר, √ III. שׁור);—pl. abs. תּוֹרִין, for sacrifice Ezr 6:9, 17; 7:17; as eating grass Dn 4:22, 29, 30; 5:21.

μόσχος, ὁ, ἡ, __B calf, young bull, which form the god Apis was believed to assume, Refs 5th c.BC+: as feminine, heifer, young cow, μόσχους ἀμέλγειν Refs 5th c.BC+; πεζαὶ μ., ={ἑταῖραι}, Refs 5th c.BC+; ᾄδειν ἐπὶ μόσχῳ for the prize of a calf (nisi to be read ἐπὶ Μόσχῳ), Refs 5th c.BC+ __B.2 metaphorically, boy, Refs 5th c.BC+: as feminine, girl, maid, Refs __B.3 any young animal, Refs; even of birds, μ. χελιδόνος Refs 5th c.BC+ __B.4 μ. θαλάσσιος seal, Refs

† חָסִיל n.m. a kind of locust (sg. coll.), always abs. ח׳, and always as destructive; 1 K 8:37 = 2 Ch 6:28 ψ 78:46 (all ‖ אַרְבֶּה), Jo 1:4; 2:25 (‖ יָ֑לֶק, אַרְבֶּה, גָּוָם); cf. אֹסֶף הֶחָ׳ Is 33:4 the gathering of the locust, in sim. of despoiling of Assyria (‖ גֵּבִים).

† לִוְיָתָן n.m. Jb 40:25 serpent, dragon, leviathan, poet. and rare (on format. from לוה c. fem. ת + ָן v. Thes and cf. Ges§ 85, 54 Köii, p. 99 BaNB § 207 c; LagBN 205 (thinks foreign loan-word);—sea-monster = crocodile Jb 40:25; whale ψ 104:26 (v. Che); dragon producing eclipses (mythol.) Jb 3:8; fig. of Egypt as all-engulfing ψ 74:14 (‖ תַּנִּינִים v 13); cf. Is 27:1(×2) (‖ נָחָשׁ בָּרִחַ, נָחָשׁ עֲקַלָּתוֹן), v. Che Di and especially (on ל׳ in gen.) BartonTiamat, JAOS xv (1891), 22 ff. GunkelSchöpf. u. Chaos 46.

† נָמֵר n.m. Is 11:6 leopard;—abs. נ׳ Ho 13:7 + 3 times; pl. נְמֵרִים Hb 1:8; Ct 4:8;—leopard, as spotted Je 13:23, swift Hb 1:8, keen-eyed Je 5:6 (symb. of calamities of Isr.), so Ho 13:7 (sim. of י׳); נ׳ עִם־גְּדִי יִרְבָּ֑ץ Is 11:6 (predict.); הַרֲרֵי נְמֵרִים Ct 4:8 (‖ מְעֹנוֹת אֲרָיוֹת).

† עַקְרָב n.m.* f.] as in NH Syriac Mand. Arabic (Levy gives Talm. [Aramaic] as m., but are readings correct?), Nö (privately). scorpion (appar. quadrilit.: NH id.; Assyrian aḳrabu; Ethiopic ዐቅረብ:; Arabic عَقْرَبٌ; עַקְרַבָּא);—abs. עַקְרָב Dt 8:15 (coll.; of wilderness), pl. עַקְרַבִּים Ez 2:6 (fig. of enemies); יִסַּר בָּע׳ 1 K 12:11, 14 = 2 Ch 10:11, 14, i.e. scourges with points, stings.—Vid. also מַעֲלֵה עַקְרַבִּים.

† פֶּ֫תֶן n.m. ψ 58:5 a venomous serpent, perhaps cobra (פתן Ecclus 39:30; Aramaic פִּתְנָא, ܦܰܬܳܢܳܐ, whence perhaps Arabic بَثَنٌ );—only poet.: pl. רֹאשׁ פְּתָנִים Dt 32:33 (‖ חֲמַת תַּנִּינִם), Jb 20:16, מְרוֹרַת פ׳ v 14; sg. פֶּ֫תֶן ψ 91:13 (‖ תַּנִּין), פ׳ חֵרֵשׁ 58:5, חֻר פָּ֑תֶן Is 11:8.

† צָפִיר n.m. he-goat (late);—abs. צ׳ Dn 8:5, 21; cstr. צְפִיר הָעִזִּים v 5, 8 (all in vision, symbol. of Alex.); pl. cstr. (lit.) צְפִירֵי עִזִּים 2 Ch 29:21, צְפִירֵי חַטָּאת Ezr 8:35 he-goats for a sin-offering.

ἀετός, Epic dialect, Lyric poetry, Ionic dialect, and early Attic dialect αἰετός (see. near the end), οῦ, ὁ, eagle, as a bird of omen, αἰ. τελειότατον πετεηνῶνRefs 8th c.BC+: favourite of Zeus, ὅστε σοὶ αὐτῷ φίλτατος οἰωνῶνRefs 8th c.BC+; αἰετὸς ἐν νεφέλαισι, of a thing quite out of reach, Refs 5th c.BC+; ἀετὸν κάνθαρος μαιεύσομαι (see. μαιεύομαι):—the different kinds are distinguished by specific names, Refs 4th c.BC+ __2 eagle as a standard, of the Persians, Refs 5th c.BC+; of the Romans, Refs 1st c.AD+ __3 the constellation Refs 4th c.BC+ __II omen, Refs 3rd c.BC+ __III eagle-ray, Myliobatis aquila, Refs 4th c.BC+ __IV in Architecture, gable, pediment (from its resemblance to outspread wings, Refs 5th c.BC+come under the same roof, Refs 3rd c.BC+ __V name of bandage, Refs 2nd c.AD+ __VI temporal vein (Magna Graecia), Philistionap.Refs 2nd c.AD+ __VII iron part of spoke of wheel, Refs 2nd c.AD+ __VIII Astrology texts and Magic, fabulous plant growing in Libya, Refs 2nd c.AD+ in early Attic dialect Inscrr., Refs 5th c.BC+; αἰβετός (i.e. αἰϝετός) Refs 5th c.AD+

ἔχιδν-α, ἡ, (ἔχις) viper, Refs 5th c.BC+; probably of a constrictor snake, NT+5th c.BC+; ἱματισμένη ἔ., of woman, Refs 2nd c.AD+; γεννήματα ἐχιδνῶν brood of vipers, term of reproach, in NT __II proper name of a monster, Refs 8th c.BC+

κύων [ῠ], ὁ and ἡ, both in Refs 8th c.BC+, vocative κύον Refs 8th c.BC+, Epic dialect κύνεσσι Refs:—dog, bitch, Refs 8th c.BC+; of shepherds' dogs, Refs 8th c.BC+; watch-dogs, Refs; but in Refs 8th c.BC+ more frequently of hounds, Refs 8th c.BC+; later, when of hounds, mostly in feminine, Refs 5th c.BC+; Μολοττικαὶ κ. Alexis Hist. cited in Refs 5th c.BC+ 'not fit for a dog', Refs 4th c.BC+; κύνα δέρειν δεδαρμένην 'flog a dead horse', Refs 5th c.BC+; ἡ κ. κατακειμένη ἐν τῇ φάτνῃ 'dog in the manger', Refs 2nd c.AD+; χαλεπὸν χορίω κύνα γεῦσαι it's ill to let a dog 'taste blood', Refs 3rd c.BC+; νή or μὰ τὸν κύνα was a favourite oath of Socrates, Refs 5th c.BC+; used familiarly at Athens, Refs 5th c.BC+; οἷς ἦν μέγιστος ὅρκος.. κύων, ἔπειτα χήν· θεοὺς δ᾽ ἐσίγων, of primitive men, Refs 5th c.BC+ __II as a word of reproach, frequently in Refs 8th c.BC+ of women, to denote shamelessness or audacity; applied by Helen to herself, Refs 8th c.BC+: of the maids in the house of Odysseus, Refs 8th c.BC+: later, in a coarse sense, Refs 5th c.BC+; ἡ ῥαψῳδὸς κ., of the Sphinx, Refs 5th c.BC+; of men, κακαὶ κ. Refs 8th c.BC+; also of offensive persons, compared to yapping dogs, LXX+NT; κ. λαίθαργος, ={λαθροδήκτης}, metaphorically, of a person, NT+5th c.BC+ __II.2 metaphorically, of persons, watch-dog, guardian, τῶν σταθμῶν κ., of Agamemnon, Refs 4th c.BC+; δωμάτων κ., of Clytemnestra,Refs 5th c.BC+ __II.3 of the Cynics, ἀρέσκει τούτοις κυνῶν μεταμφιέννυσθαι βίον Refs 1st c.BC+: hence, Cynic philosopher, Refs 4th c.BC+, Baillet Inscriptions des tombeaux des rois Refs __III frequently in Mythology of the servants, agents or watchers of the gods, Διὸς πτηνὸς κύων, of the eagle, Refs 5th c.BC+; of the griffins, Ζηνὸς ἀκραγεῖς κ. Refs 4th c.BC+; of the Furies, μετάδρομοι.. πανουργημάτων ἄφυκτοι κ. Refs 5th c.BC+; Pan is the κύων of Cybele, Refs 5th c.BC+, of the planets, Refs 4th c.BC+, of sparks, Refs 2nd c.AD+; of various mythical beings, as Cerberus, κ. Ἀΐδαο Refs 8th c.BC+; of Hecate, in Mithraic worship, Refs 3rd c.AD+; of the Βάκχαι, Λύσσας κ. Refs 5th c.BC+; Λέρνας κ., of the hydra, Refs; of a great fish, Τρίτωνος κ. Refs 3rd c.BC+ __IV dog-fish or shark, Refs 8th c.BC+; κ. ἄγριος, κ. γαλεός and κ. κεντρίτης or κεντρίνη, Refs 2nd c.AD+; ξιφίας κ., of the sword-fish, Refs 4th c.BC+ __V = {σείριος} (which see), dog-star, i.e. the hound of Orion, Refs 8th c.BC+; μετὰ κυνὸς ἐπιτολήν, περὶ κ. ἐ., Refs 4th c.BC+; also of the whole constellation, Refs 4th c.BC+ __VI the ace, the worst throw at dice, Refs 2nd c.AD+ __VII frenum praeputii, Refs 2nd c.AD+: with pun on the proverbial cited in Pherecr. [prev. cited] (above Refs 5th c.BC+: with pun on significationsee, Refs __VIII fetlock of a horse, Refs __IX unilateral facial paralysis, Refs 2nd c.AD+ __X ={ἀπομαγδαλία}, Refs 1st c.AD+ __XI ξυλίνη κ., ={κυνόσβατος}, Oracle texts cited in Did cited in Refs 2nd c.AD+ __XII piece in the game of πόλεις, Refs 5th c.BC+. (Cf. Sanskrit śvā, genitive śúnas, Lithuanian šuõ, genitive šuñs, Latin canis, Gothic hunds (κύων), etc.)

ὄνος, ὁ and ἡ, ass, once in Refs 8th c.BC+; ὄνοι οἱ τὰ κέρεα ἔχοντες, together with a number of fabulous animals, Refs 5th c.BC+ —frequently in proverbs: __1 ὄ. λύρας (i.e. ἀκούων), of one who can make nothing of music, Refs 4th c.BC+; ὄ. κάθηται, of one who sits down when caught in the game of ὀστρακίνδα, Refs 2nd c.AD+; the two proverbs combined by Refs 5th c.BC+ __2 περὶ ὄνου σκιᾶς for an ass's shadow, i.e. for a trifle, Refs 5th c.BC+ __3 ὄνου πόκαι or πόκες, see at {πόκος} Refs; ὄνον κείρεις, of those who attempt the impossible, Refs 2nd c.AD+ __4 ἀπ᾽ ὄνου καταπεσεῖν, of one who gets into a scrape by his own clumsiness. with a pun on ἀπὸ νοῦ πεσεῖν, Refs 5th c.BC+ __5 ὄνος ὕεται an ass in the rain, of being unmoved by what is said or done, Refs 5th c.BC+ __6 ὄ. ἄγω μυστήρια, i.e my part is to carry burdens, Refs 5th c.BC+ __7 ὄνων ὑβριστότερος, of wanton behaviour, Refs 5th c.BC+ __8 ὦτ᾽ ὄνου λαβεῖν, like Midas, Refs 5th c.BC+ __9 ὄ. εἰς ἄχυρα, of one who gets what he wants, Refs 4th c.AD+ __10 ὄ. ἐν μελίσσαις, of one who has got into a scrape, Refs 5th c.BC+; but ὄ. ἐν πιθήκοις, of extreme ugliness, Refs 4th c.BC+; ὄ. ἐν μύρῳ 'a clown at a feast', Refs __11 εἰς ὄνους ἀφ᾽ ἵππων, of one who has come down in the world, Refs 2nd c.AD+ __II a fish of the cod family, especially the hake, Merluccius vulgaris, Refs 5th c.BC+ __III wood-louse, κυλισθεὶς ὥς τις ὄ. ἰσόσπριος Refs 5th c.BC+, Refs 5th c.AD+ __IV wingless locust, ={τρωξαλλίς}, Refs 1st c.AD+ __V ὄνων φάτνη a nebulous appearance between the ὄνοι (two stars in the breast of the Crab), Refs 4th c.BC+ __VI ὄνου πετάλειον, ={φύλλον ὀνίτιδος}, Refs 2nd c.BC+ __VII from the ass as a beast of burden the name passed to: __VII.1 windlass, Refs 5th c.BC+ __VII.2 the upper millstone which turned round, ὄ. ἀλέτης Refs 5th c.BC+see entry {μύλη}; perhaps simply, millstone, Refs 3rd c.BC+ says that Aristotle also calls the fixed nether millstone ὄνος (but Refs 4th c.BC+ when the millstone is grinding stone, as it does when no grist is in the mill). __VII.3 beaker, winecup, Refs 5th c.BC+ __VII.4 spindle or distaff, Refs 2nd c.AD+ __VII.5 perhaps coping of a wall, Refs 3rd c.BC+ __VIII ass's load, as a measure, πυροῦ ὄ. τρεῖς Refs 1st c.AD+

ποίμν-η, ἡ, flock, Refs 8th c.BC+; properly of sheep, βουκολίας ἀγέλας τε καὶ αἰπόλια πλατἔ αἰγῶν ποίμνας τ᾽ είροπόκων ὀΐων Refs 8th c.BC+; of a single animal, χρυσεόμαλλος π., of the ram with golden fleece, Refs 5th c.BC+ __2 metaphorically of persons, Refs 4th c.BC+; ποίμνη δίπους, of mankind, Refs 5th c.BC+

ποίμν-ιον, τό, ={ποίμνη}, especially of sheep, Refs 5th c.BC+; of goats, Refs: plural, head of cattle, π. τρισχίλια LXX __II metaphorically of disciples, NT

σκορπί-ος, ὁ, scorpion, Refs 5th c.BC+; σ. ὁ χερσαῖοςRefs 5th c.BC+; also σκορπίον ὀκτώπουν ἐγείρεις 'let sleeping dogs lie', Refs 4th c.BC+ __II a sea-fish, probably Scorpaena scrofa, Refs 4th c.BC+; used (like the mugilis in Catull.15.19, LXX+5th c.BC+ __III scorpion furze, Genista acanthoclada, Refs 4th c.BC+ __III.2 scorpion root, Doronicum caucasicum, Refs __III.3 ={θηλυφόνον}, Refs __IV the constellation Refs 4th c.BC+ __V an engine of war for discharging arrows, Refs 2nd c.BC+ __VI a stone, Refs 5th c.AD+

† I. חָגָב n.m. Ec 12:5 locust, grasshopper (NH id.; cf. 𝔗), prob. a non-flying species, v. Kn in Di Lv 11:22; הֶחָגָב allowed as food Lv 11:22 (P; ‖ אַרְבֶּה, סָלְעָם, חַרְגֹּל), כַּחֲגָבִים Nu 13:33 (JE; sim. of insignificance), so Is 40:22; as agent of Yahweh’s wrath חָגָב לֶאֱכוֹל חארץ 2 Ch 7:13; וְיִסְתַּבֵּל הֶחָגָב Ec 12:5 and the grasshopper shall be a burden; better shall stuff itself, grow fat (s. סבל); De thinks ח׳ here fig. of the back part of the pelvic cavity (Arabic حَجَبَةٌ is point of hip-bone, Bö, cf. Lane), and refers to stiffness of aged joints, so Now; but the meaning is dubious; v. other views in Comm.

ἀκρίς, ίδος, ἡ, grasshopper, locust, cricket, LXX+8th c.BC+:— singular, in collective sense, Men.Prot.Refs 4th c.AD+

ἀμνός, ὁ, lamb, Refs 5th c.BC+; ἀμνοὶ τοὺς τρόπους lambs in temper, NT+3rd c.BC+ i.e. agynos, cf. Latin agnus.)

ἑρπετόν, Aeolic dialect perhaps ὄρπετον (which see), τό, (ἕρπω) beast or animal which goes on all fours, Refs 8th c.BC+; ἑρπετά, opposed to πετεινά, Refs 5th c.BC+; πυκινώτατον ἑ., of a hound, Refs 5th c.BC+; of insects, Refs 7th c.BC+ __II creeping thing, reptile, especially snake, Refs 5th c.BC+; of the monster Typhoeus, with a snake's body, Refs 5th c.BC+ __II.2 as adjective, creeping, κακὸν ἑ. πρᾶγμα Refs 6th c.AD+; τὰ ἑ. θηρία Refs 3rd c.AD+

κῠν-άριον, τό, diminutive of κύων, little dog, puppy, NT+5th c.BC+; small waxen image of a dog used in magic, Refs 5th c.BC+

ταῦρος, ὁ, bull, Refs 8th c.BC+; as a sacrifice to Poseidon, Refs 8th c.BC+; ἄπεχε τῆς βοὸς τὸν τ., oracularly of Agamemnon and his wife, Refs 4th c.BC+ __2 priest of Poseidon Taureios, Refs 2nd c.AD+ __3 a kind of Lycian boat with bull as figurehead, postulated to explain Europa's bull, Refs 2nd c.AD+ __II the bull as a sign of the Zodiac, Refs 4th c.BC+ __III ={κοχώνη}, Refs 2nd c.AD+: also the pudenda muliebria, Refs 9th c.AD+: the male αἰδοῖον, Refs (Cf. Latin taurus, Lithuanian tauras, Slavonic tur[ucaron], etc.)

τράγος [ᾰ], ὁ, he-goat, Refs 8th c.BC+; opposed to αἴξ (she-goat), Refs 5th c.BC+; τῶν αἰγῶν τῶν τράγων Refs 5th c.BC+; τράγος γένειον.. πενθήσεις you will mourn your beard like the goat in the proverb, Refs 4th c.BC+; Κιλίκιοι τράγοι, of longhaired men, Refs; of men, τράγου ὄζειν, τράγου πνεῖν, to smell like a goat, Refs 1st c.AD+ __2 the age when change of voice and other signs of puberty appear, Refs 5th c.BC+ __2.b the change of the voice which takes place at this age, uncertain in Refs; compare τραγάω, τραγίζω. __3 lewdness, lechery, Refs 2nd c.AD+ __II the male of the fish μαινίς, Refs 4th c.BC+ __III spelt, Refs 1st c.AD+ __IV a rough kind of sponge, Refs 4th c.BC+ __V among the Messenians, the wild fig, ={ἐρινεός}, Refs 1st c.BC+ (where perhaps = goat). __V.2 ={ἐφέδρα}Refs 1st c.AD+ __V.3 stinking nard, Valeriana saxatilis, Refs 1st c.AD+ __VI part of the ear (compare ἀντίτραγος), Refs 2nd c.AD+ __VII a kind of light Lycian ship, Refs 2nd c.AD+ __VIII a kind of comet, Refs 6th c.AD+ __VIII.2 a constellation of the δωδεκάωρος,Refs

φάτν-η, ἡ, manger, crib, [ἵππους] ἀτίταλλ᾽ ἐπὶ φάτνῃ NT+8th c.BC+; φάτναι Ζηνὸς, of the manger of Pegasus, Refs 5th c.BC+: also of oxen, ὥς τίς τε κατέκτανε βοῦν ἐπὶ φ. Refs 8th c.BC+ __2 βοῦς ἐπὶ φ., proverbial of ease and comfort, Refs 5th c.BC+; ἡ ἐν τῇ φ. κύων 'the dog in the manger', Refs 2nd c.AD+; θεραπεύειν τὴν φ. τινός to court one who feeds you, Refs 2nd c.AD+ to return to their old haunts, Refs 4th c.BC+ __II ={φάτνωμα}Refs 3rd c.BC+ __III socket of tooth, Refs 2nd c.AD+ __IV the Manger, name of the nebula (star-cluster) between the ὄνοι in Cancer, Refs 4th c.BC+ in Attic and Delian Inscrr., Refs: bhndh, cf. Sanskrit badhnāti 'tie', Celt. benn 'wicker chariot'.)

† צִפְעוֹנִי n.m. id.;—abs. צ׳ Is 11:8 (‖ פָּ֑תֶן), בֵּיצֵי צ׳ 59:5; כְּצִפְעֹנִי Pr 23:32 (sim.; ‖ נָחָשׁ); pl. צִפְעֹנִים Je 8:17 (app. נְחָשִׁים); identif. dub.; TristrNHB 275 (‘poss.’) daboia xanthina, a venomous viper, but vipers do not lay eggs FurrerRi HWB 2, 1423; Further proposes ailurophis vivax.

† I. רָחֵל n.f. Is 53:7 ewe;—abs. ר׳ Is 53:7; (in sim., ‖ שֶׂה); pl. רְחֵלִים Gn 32:15 (E; + עִזִּים, אֵילִים), Ct 6:6 (in sim.); sf. רְחֵלֶיךָ וְעִזֶּיךָ Gn 31:38 (E).

† III. שָׂעִיר n.m. satyr, demon (with he-goat’s form, or feet; NH id.; cf. BaudStud. i. 136 ff.; hairy demons WeSkizzen iii. 135; Heid. 152 RSSem 113, 423; 2nd ed. 120, 441); abs. שׂ׳ Is 34:14 inhabiting desolate ruins, so pl. שְׂעִירִים 13:21; name for idols 2 Ch 11:15 and (שְׂעִרִם) Lv 17:7 (H); prob. also בָּמוֹת הַשּׂ׳ 2 K 23:8 (MT הַשְּׁעָרִים) HoffmZAW ii (1882), 175 SS Kmp Klo Kit Benz Bur.

† I. תּוֹלָע n.[m.] worm, scarlet stuff (dyed with the coccus ilicis, v. שָׁנִי, ThatcherHast.DB Colours);— 1. worm, only pl. תּוֹלָעִים, in stale manna Ex 16:20 (P). 2. scarlet stuff, abs. sg. תּוֹלָע Is 1:18 (in sim. ‖ שָׁנִים; opp. צֶמֶר); token of luxury La 4:5.

† [תַּ֫יִשׁ] n.m. he-goat (NH id.; Arabic تَيْسٌ, Aramaic תְּיָשָׁא, תֵּישָׁא, ܬܳܝܫ��ܐ id.; √ unknown);—abs. תָּ֑יִשׁ Pr 30:31; pl. תְּיֽשִׁים Gn 30:35 (J), 32:15 (E; + עִזִּים she-goats), 2 Ch 17:11.

σής, ὁ, genitive σεός (as if from σεύς, which is given as nominative by Refs 4th c.AD+; genitive σέων Refs 5th c.BC+ —the forms σητός, σῆτες, σητῶν, etc., were later, as in Refs 4th c.BC+ [same place], etc.:—moth, [χρυσὸν] οὐ σ. οὐδὲ κὶς δάπτει NT+5th c.BC+ __2 metaphorically, σῆτες ἀκανθοβάται or -λόγοι, of the Grammarians, bookworms, Refs 1st c.AD+

σκώληξ, ηκος, ὁ, worm, especially earthworm, ὥς τε σκώληξ ἐπὶ γαίῃ κεῖτο ταθείς Refs 8th c.BC+ __2 plural, grubs or larvae of insects, Refs 5th c.BC+; ἐξ οὗ ὅλου ὅλον γίνεται τὸ ζῷον, opposed to the egg (ᾠόν), Refs 4th c.BC+ __3 plural, worms in dung, in decayed matter, in trees and wood, Refs 4th c.BC+ __4 metaphorically, οἱ κόλακές εἰσι.. οὐσίας σκώληκες Refs 4th c.BC+ __5 aerugo vermicularis, Refs 1st c.AD+ __II thread twisted from the distaff, Refs 4th c.BC+ __III Aeolic dialect for κολόκυμα, Refs 5th c.BC+ __IV worm-shaped cake, Refs 4th c.AD+ __V heap of threshed corn, Refs 5th c.AD+

† אֵבוּס n.m. Pr 14:4 crib (= feeding-trough, on form v. Ges§ 84 a 12. R.) of ass Is 1:3 (cstr.); oxen Pr 14:4 (abs.); אִם־יָלִין עַל־אֲבוֶּס֑ךָ Jb 39:9 (of wild-ox).

† II. [אִי] n.m. jackal (howler, for* אָוִי v. BaNB 188, cf. Arabic اِبْنُ آوَى, whence ܒ̈ܢܳܬ ܐܰܘܰܝ )—pl. אִיִּים, Is 13:22; 34:14; Je 50:39 (inhabitant of desert, ruin).

† I. אַיָּה n.f. hawk, falcon, kite (perhaps from cry; cf. Arabic يُؤْيُؤ, a kind of hawk) Lv 11:14; Dt 14:13 generic, cf.לְמִינָהּ & Di; Jb 28:7 (keen-sighted).

† [אִמַּר] n.m. lamb (Assyrian immeru (also = child; immertu, girl; conj. as to etym. DlProl. 28 JenZMG xliii (1889), 203; ZA vii. 216 SchwallyIdiot. 114), 𝔗 אִמְּרָא; Syriac ܐܶܡܪܳܐ, Pun. אמר, Palm. pl. emph. אמריא Lzb 220 Cooke Inscr. 120. 337; Arabic أَمَّرٌ (loan-word? cf.Frä 107, but also DHMVOJ i. 24));—pl. אִמְּרִין, lambs, as sacrif. victims Ezr 6:9, 17; 7:17.

† אֶפְעֶה n.[m.] a kind of viper (Thes ‘a flando et sibilando’; cf. Arabic أَفْعًى viper, Ethiopic አፍዖት: id.);—א׳ Is 30:6; 59:5, לְשׁוֹן א׳ Jb 20:16.

† גָּזָם n.m. Am 4:9 locusts (coll.)—abs. גָּזָם Jo 1:4; 2:25; Am 4:9;—always as devouring, devastating, Jo 1:4 (‖ אַרְבֶּה, יֶלֶק, חָסִיל), 2:25 (‖ id.); Am 4:9 alone: your gardens and your vineyards, and your fig-trees and your olive-trees יֹאכַל הַגָּזָם.

† [דְּכַר] n.m. ram (𝔗 דִּכְרָא, Syriac ܕܶܟܪܳܐ id., also (and primarily) male, v. BH זָכָר);—pl. דִּכְרִין for sacrifice Ezr 6:9, 17; 7:17.

† יַנְשׁוּף and (Is 34:11) יַנְשׁוֹף n.[m.] a bird (with harsh, strident note? BoHieroz. ii. 284; ed. Rosenm. iii. 29, TristrNHB 192 think of נֶשֶׁף—i.e. a twilight bird; on format. cf. LagBN 127 BaNB 231);—unclean Lv 11:17 Dt 14:16; inhabiting deserts Is 34:11. Prob. a kind of owl Bö l.c., ‘Great Owl,’ Egyptian Eagle-owl Tristrl.c. cf. 𝔖 𝔗 Di Dr-WhiteHpt. (Lv), > 𝔊 𝔙 Lv Is ibis.

† II. כּוֹס n.[m.] a kind of owl (according to Vrss; v. Kn-Di Lv 11:17; wd. perhaps onomatop.)—unclean bird Lv 11:17 Dt 14:16, dwelling in ruins כ׳ חֳרָבוֹת ψ 102:7

† I. לַ֫יִשׁ n.m. Jb 4:11 lion (Arabic لَيْثٌ, 𝔗 לֵיתָא; Assyrian nêšu, lion is comp. by Hal (cf. HptKAT2, 510) BaZA iii. 1888, 60);—lion Jb 4:11 Is 30:6 (‖ לָבִיא), ל׳ גִּבּוֹר בַּבְּהֵמָה Pr 30:30.

† II. נֵץ n.m. a bird of prey, generic name, incl. hawk and falcon (TristrNHB; accipiter BoHieroz. ii. 266 ff.; ed. Rosenm iii. 5 ff. cf. NowArch. i. 116);—unclean bird, Lv 11:16 (P), Dt 14:15 (varieties, לְמִינֵהוּ); bird of passage Jb 39:26.

† צִרְעָה n.f.coll. hornets (? as wounding, prostrating; NH = BH);—allies of Isr.;—הַצּ׳ Ex 23:28; Jos 24:12 (both E), Dt 7:20.

† קִפֹּד n.[m.] porcupine (from rolling itself together; 𝔊 ἐχῖνοι (always pl.), 𝔙 ericius, BoHieroz. iii. cap. 36 Post Hastings DB bittern; > (from context) bittern TrNHB> 243 Hi Che GuKau; v. discussion by M`Lean-Shipley Ency. Bib. bittern);—ק׳ as haunting desolate places, Is 14:23; Zp 2:14, קִפּוֹד Is 34:11.

† II. שֵׁשׁ n.m. id.;—עַמּוּדֵי שׁ׳ Ct 5:15 (in fig.), Est 1:6 a, material of pavement v 6 b (v. בַּ֫הַט).—I. שֵׁשׁ, v. שׁדשׁ.

† [תַּן] n.[m. et.] f. La 4:3 jackal (so most; TrNHB 109 ff., 263 f. Shipley-CookEncy. Bib. Jackal; but wolf PostHast.DB; Dragon, cf. Che Is 13:22 and (rare) Arabic تِينَانٌ );—pl. תַּנִּים Mi 1:8 +, תַּנִּין La 4:3 (Ges§ 87 e), לְתַנּוֹת Mal 1:3 (si vera l.; 𝔊 Thes al. interpret = dwellings, Sta Now conjecturre נְאוֹת, Marti נָתַתִּי לְ);—jackal, howling mournfully in waste places, Mi 1:8; Jb 30:29 (both ‖ בְּנוֹת יַעֲנָה), Is 13:22 (‖ אִיִּים), in desert also 43:20 (‖ בְּנוֹת יַעֲנָה); deserted sites called מְעוֹן ת׳ Je 9:10; 10:22; 49:33; 51:37, נְוֵה ת׳ Is 34:13; 35:7, מְקוֹם ת׳ ψ 44:20, ת׳ מִדְבָּר Mal 1:3 (si vera l., but v. supra); ת׳ as snuffing up wind Je 14:6, giving suck La 4:3.

† תִּנְשֶׁ֫מֶת n.f. an animal;—ת׳ Lv 11:18, תִּנְשָּׁ֑מֶת Lv 11:30 Dt 14:16:— 1. unclean bird, the ibis, water-hen, 𝔊 πορφυρίων, (acc. TristrNHB 249); or species of owl (Di Bu SS); pelican (Ges): Lv 11:18 = Dt 14:16. 2. unclean שֶׁרֶץ Lv 11:30, lizard (Saad TristrNHB 120), or chameleon (BoHieroz. i. 1078 ff.; ed. Rosenm. ii. 503 ff.), so most; (deriving name from alleged living on air, PlinNH viii. 51; but this not applicable to 1; cf. LagBN 130 f.).

ἔρῐφος, ὁ (ἡ, Refs 7th c.BC+, kid, ἄρνεσσιν..ἢ ἐρίφοισι Refs 8th c.BC+ __II Ἔριφοι, οἱ, the constellation Haedi, Refs 4th c.BC+

ὀν-ῐκός, ή, όν, of or for an ass: μύλος ὀ., see at {μύλος}; ὀ. κτήνη, i. e. asses, Refs 1st c.AD+; γόμος ὀ. Refs 2nd c.AD+

ὑποζύγι-ον [ζῠ], τό, beast for the yoke, beast of draught or burden, Refs 6th c.BC+: as adjective, ὑποζύγιαι ἡμίονοι Refs 3rd c.BC+ __II later specifically an ass, LXX+NT+3rd c.BC+; βοῦς ἢ ὑ. ἢ πρόβατον Refs 3rd c.BC+; οὖρον οἷον ὑποζυγίου Refs 5th c.BC+

† גֹּבַי, גּוֹבָ֑י n.m.; Am. 7:1 cf. v. 2 coll. locusts (swarm, multitude; Aramaic גּוּבָא, pl. גוּבָאֵי; on format. v. Ol§ 216 d), גֹּבַי symbol of Yahweh’s judgment on Isr. Am 7:1; in sim. of disappearance of Assyrian leaders at destruction of Nineveh גּוֹב גּוֹבָ֑י Na 3:17 (locust-) swarm of locusts (‖ אַרְבֶּה); but del. גּוֹב as dittogr. We al.

† [גּוֹר] n.[m.] whelp (as quarrelsome? or onomatop.? perhaps = Assyrian giru ZehnpfundBAS i. 504) of lion—גּוֹרֵי אֲרָיוֹת Je 51:38 (‖ כְּפִרִים) sim. of Babylonians; cf. גֹּרֹתָיו Na 2:13 (‖ id. v 14) fig. of Assyrians.

† גָּעָה vb. low (of cattle) (NH id., Aramaic גְּעָא, ܓܥܳܐ )—יִגְעֶה־שׁוֹר Jb 6:5; הָלֹךְ וְגָעוֹ 1 S 6:12.

† [דַּיָּה] n.f. id.—frequenting ruins, cf. Di l.c.; דַּיּוֹת Is 34:15 (on הַדַּיָּה Dt 14:13 cf. foregoing).

† II. דְ��רוֹר n.f. ψ 84:4 swallow ψ 84:4 (‖ צִפּוֹר), Che (q.v.) makes simile of quiet, peace, security, and supplies ellipsis; in simile, Pr 26:2 כַּצִּפּוֹר לָנוּד כַּדְּרוֹר לָעוּף (of groundless curse, which does not alight, i.e. is not fulfilled).

† I. חֲמוֹר n.[m.] heap, abs. ח׳ with du. חֲמֹרָתָ֑יִם (Baer חֲמֹרֹת׳), as if from חֲמֹרָה;—בִּלְחִי הַחֲמוֹר חֲמוֹר חֲמֹרָתָ֑יִם Ju 15:16 with the ass’s jawbone, a heap, two heaps, i.e. so many slain.

† טָלֶה n.m. 1 S 7:9 lamb (NH id., lamb;) Aramaic טַלְיָא lamb, youth, טַלְיְתָא girl, ܛܰܠܝܳܐ boy, youth, ܛܠܻܝܬܳܐ girl (cf. Mk 5:41 𝔖); Arabic طَلًا young of cloven-footed animals, especially young gazelle HomNS 235, Nedj. tully, male lamb, DoughtyArabic Desert. i. 429, ii. 269; Ethiopic ጠሊ flock of goats, goat, kid—טְלֵה חָלָב 1 S 7:9 sucking lamb (for burnt-offering); in prediction זְאֵב וְטָלֶה יִרְעוּ Is 65:25 wolf & lamb shall feed; טְלָאִים pl. of foregoing, only Is 40:11 in metaph. of י׳ shepherding his people.

† יַחְמוּר n.[m.] roebuck (Sam. יחמור, Syriac ܝܰܚܡܘܽܪܳܐ, 𝔗 יַחְמוּרָא v. HomNS 392 (and 333), LagBN 127; name from reddish colour?)—as edible Dt 14:5; 1 K 5:3;—on identif. with roebuck, v. TristrProc. Zool. Soc. London, May 2, 1876 Conder Tent Work, 1887, p. 91.

† [יָעֵן] n.[m.] ostrich (i.e. voracious one?)—only pl. abs. כי ענים בַּמִּדְבָּר La 4:3 Kt; Qr כַּיְעֵנִים.

† [לְבִי] n.[m., f.] lion;—only pl. and fig. of foes נַפְשִׁי בְּתוֹךְ לְבָאִם ψ 57:5; of Assyrians לִבְאֹתָ֑יו Na 2:13 (‖ גֹּרֹתָיו; sf. ref. to אַרְיֵה).

† נְמָלָה n.f.unit. (LagBN 81) ant (NH id.; Arabic نَمْلَةٌ (nom. unit of نَمْلٌ); Syriac ܢܡܳܠܴܐ );—abs. נ׳ Pr 6:6; pl. הַנְּמָלִים 30:25.

† נְשַׁר n.m. griffon-vulture or eagle (v. BH);—abs. נ׳ Dn 7:4; pl. abs. נִשְׁרִין 4:30.

† I. סוּס n.[m.] swallow or swift (cypselus, TristrFFP 82 ff.) (𝔗 סוּסְיָא Is 38:14);—as twittering Is 38:14 (in sim.); 𝔊 χελιδών, 𝔙 pullus hirundinis; so Je 8:7 Kt (Qr סִיס wrongly; perhaps to distinguish from foll., so Gie), 𝔊 id., 𝔙 hirundo.

† עָזְנִיָּה n.f. (unclean) bird of prey, appar. akin to vulture (NowArch. i. 84, 116), named + נֶשֶׁר, פֶּרֶם Dt 14:12; Lv 11:13 (H); = osprey TristrNHB 184 Dr Dt 14:12 (others vulture Di Lv 11:13) (√ unknown; conject. v. in Di; perhaps foreign word).

† עַכָּבִישׁ n.m. spider (𝔗 עַכּוּבִיתָא, עַכָּבִיתָא; whence Arabic عَنْكَبُوتٌ as loan-wd.; NH עַכְשׁוּב prob. tarantula, according to LevyNHWB iii. 648);—בֵּית ע׳ Jb 8:14 i.e. web, so prob. 27:18 (reading ע׳ for MT עָשׁ); cf. קוּרֵי ע׳ Is 59:5 filaments of a spider.

† פֶּ֫רֶס n.[m.] a bird of prey, perhaps bearded vulture (gypaetus barbatus), ‘ossifrage’ (TristrNHB 171; FFP 94; from tearing its prey);—forbidden as food Dt 14:12 = Lv 11:13 (H).

† I. פַּרְעֹשׁ n.m. flea (Assyrian puršuʾû, paršuʾû; on transp. of, v. HomA. u. A. i. 21);—fig. of insignificance 1 S 24:15; 26:20 נַפְשִׁי 𝔊 Th We Dr al.

† I. צְבִיָּה n.f. id.;—תְּאוֹמֵי צ׳ Ct 4:5 = 7:4.

† צֹנֶה [צֹנֶא] [n.m.] flocks (‖ form of צֹאן q.v.);—abs. צֹנֶה ψ 8:8; sf. צֹנַאֲכֶם Nu 32:24 (JE).

† רָחָם n. [m.] carrion-vulture;—abs. הָר׳ Lv 11:18 (Sam. רחמה; so perhaps read) = הָרָחָ֫מָה ‖ Dt 14:17 (on accent v. Dr; cf. Ges§ 90f).

† II. [שָׂרָף] n.m. Is 6:2 pl. שְׂרָפִים seraphim (prob. akin to i. שׂ׳, as beings orig. mythically conceived with serpents’ bodies (serpent-deities, cf. Is 14:29; 30:6), or (CheComm.) personif. of lightning, cf. arts. Seraphim, StrachanHast. DB. CheEncy. Bib.; Di Marti al. cp. also Egyptian guardian-griffins, called Šerref; v. also כְּרוּב; on Assyrian Šarrapu, epith. of god Nergal, connected by DlWB; with √ שָׂרַף, v. שָׂרָב, ZimKAT.3 415);—in OT. majestic beings with six wings, and human hands and voices, attendant upon י׳ Is 6:2, 6.

† תְּאוֹ n.m. antelope (whether antilope leucoryx TrNHB> 59; FFP 5, or oryx beatrix PostHast.DB Ox; on form v. Ol§ 173 g);—abs. ת׳ Dt 14:5 (clean animal, cf. Dr); cstr. תּוֹא Is 51:20.

† תַּחְמָס n.[m.] name of male ostrich, according to Böii. 830 Thes (Thes der. from violence of this bird, cf. Arabic ظَلِيمٌ violence, also ostrich; other conject. are: owl 𝔊 𝔙; swallow, Saad: v. also Kn in Di)—mentioned as unclean Lv 11:16 (P) Dt 14:15.

αἴγειος, α, ον, of a goat, αἴγειον κνῆ τυρόν Refs 8th c.BC+; ἀσκῷ ἐν αἰγείῳ in a goat's skin, Refs 8th c.BC+; αἰγείη κυνέη a helmet of goatskin, Refs 8th c.BC+; γάλα αἴ. Refs 4th c.BC+; κρέα αἴ. Refs 5th c.BC+

ἀρήν (nominative only in Inscrr., Refs 3rd c.BC+; also ἄρης Refs 3rd c.BC+; accusative ἄρνα, genitive ἀρνός, dative ἀρνί, dual. ἄρνε: plural ἄρνες, ἄρνας, ἀρνῶν, dative ἀρνάσιRefs 1st c.AD+: —lamb (under a year old, Refs 8th c.BC+ __II sheep of either sex, ἄρν᾽ ἕτερον λευκόν, ἑτέρην δὲ μέλαινανRefs 8th c.BC+ __III in plural, stunted ears of wheat, Refs 4th c.BC+. (Sanskrit úrā 'sheep', úraṇas 'ram', 'lamb', urabhras 'ram', Armenian ga[rdot]n 'lamb'; compare -ϝρην in πολύρρην.)

ἄρκτος, ἡ, bear, especially Ursus arctos, brown bear, Refs 8th c.BC+: the instances of the masculine are uncertain Refs 4th c.BC+, the feminine being used even when both sexes are included, Refs __2 Ἄρκτος, ἡ, the constellation Ursa Major, Ἄρκτον θ᾽, ἣν καὶ Ἄμαξαν ἐπίκλησιν καλέουσινRefs 8th c.BC+: in plural, the Greater and Lesser Bears, Refs 4th c.BC+; Ἄ. μικρά, μεγάλη, Refs 1st c.BC+ __3 the north, πρὸς ἄρκτον τετραμμένοςRefs 5th c.BC+ __3.b ἡ ἑτέρα ἄ. the south pole, Refs 4th c.BC+ __II ἄρκτος, ἡ, at Athens a girl appointed to the service of Artemis Brauronia or Ἀρχηγέτις, Refs 5th c.BC+ __III a kind of crab, probably Scyllarus arctus, Refs 4th c.BC+ __IV ἄρκτου δένδρον, ={ἀκτῆ}, Ps.-Refs 1st c.AD+. (Cf. Sanskrit ṛk[snull]as, Latin ursus, etc.)

ἀσπίς, ίδος, ἡ, shield, εὔκυκλοςRefs 8th c.BC+; opposed to Thracian πέλτη and Persian γέρρον, Refs 5th c.BC+; ἀσπίδα ῥῖψαι, ἀποβαλεῖν, Refs 6th c.BC+: to estimate a victory, ἀσπίδας ἔλαβον ὡς διακοσίαςRefs 5th c.BC+ __2 collective, body of men-at-arms, ὀκτακισχιλίη ἀ.Refs 5th c.BC+ __3 military phrases, ἐπ᾽ ἀσπίδας πέντε καὶ εἴκοσι τάξασθαι to be drawn up twenty-five deep or in file, Refs 5th c.BC+; ἐπὶ μιᾶς ἀσπίδος in single line, Refs 5th c.BC+; ἐπ᾽ ἀσπίδα, παρ᾽ ἀσπίδα (opposed to ἐπὶ δόρυ), on the left, towards or to the left, because the shield was on the left arm, Refs 5th c.BC+; but παρ᾽ ἀσπίδα, literally, beside the shield, Refs 8th c.BC+; παρ᾽ ἀ. στῆναι stand in battle, Refs 5th c.BC+; παρ᾽ ἀ. βεβηκέναιRefs; ἀσπίδας συγκλείειν (compare συγκλείω); ἀσπίδα τίθεσθαι serve in the ranks, Refs 5th c.BC+; but θέσθαι τὰς ἀ. pile shields, Refs 5th c.BC+; ἐπειδὰν ἀ. ψοφῇ when the shields ring, i.e. when two bodies of men meet in a charge, Refs; ἀσπίδα ἀναδέξαι, ἆραι, as a signal, Refs 5th c.BC+ __4 of a round, flat bowl, Refs 4th c.BC+ __5 boss on a door, Refs __II asp, Egyptian cobra, Coluber haié, Refs 5th c.BC+; a play on signff. I and II, Refs 5th c.BC+ __II.2 ornament in this form, Refs

ἐρίφιον, τό, diminutive of ἔρῐφος, NT+3rd c.BC+ __II = rubus agrestis, Refs

Related to: ζεύγλ-η, ἡ, loop attached to the yoke (ζυγόν), through which the beasts' heads were put, χαίτη ζεύγλης ἐξεριποῦσα παρὰ ζυγόν Refs 8th c.BC+; ὑποδύντες ὑπὸ τὴν ζ. Refs 5th c.BC+; ὑπάγειν τοὺς ἵππους τῇ ζ. Refs 2nd c.AD+ __2 ={ζεῦγος}Refs 3rd c.BC+ —Not found in good _Attic dialect_ Prose. __II cross-bar of the double rudder, Refs 5th c.BC+

κῆτος, εος, τό, any sea-monster or huge fish, δελφῖνάς τε κύνας τε καὶ εἴ ποθι μεῖζον ἑλῃσι κῆτος Refs 8th c.BC+; of seals, Refs 8th c.BC+; of the monster to which Andromeda was exposed, Refs 5th c.BC+; of the tunny, Refs 4th c.BC+ __2 in Natural History, of the spouting cetacea, Refs 4th c.BC+ __II name of a constellation, Refs 4th c.BC+

μάρμᾰρος, ὁ, a crystalline rock, which sparkles (μαρμαίρει) in the light, μάρμαρος ὀκριόεις Refs 8th c.BC+: as adjective, πέτρος μ. ὀκριόεις Refs 8th c.BC+ __II later, marble, μάρμαρον ἢ λίθον λευκήν Refs 5th c.BC+ __II.2 work in marble, i.e. tombstone, τυκτὴ μ. Refs 3rd c.BC+ __II.3 chips made by cutting marble (masculine), Refs 1st c.AD+

μοσχο-ποιέω, make a calf, NT

ὀνάρ-ιον, τό, diminutive of ὄνος, Refs 4th c.BC+; of a bronze figure, Refs 2nd c.AD+

πάρδᾰλις or πόρδᾰλις (see. below), ἡ, genitive εως, Epic dialect and Ionic dialect ιος Refs 8th c.BC+; dative ει Refs 5th c.BC+:— leopard, Felis pardus, Refs 8th c.BC+; but πόρδαλις was used of the animal, παρδαλέη of its skin, accusative to Refs 8th c.BC+; πάρδ- is found in Refs 5th c.BC+; πόρδ- in Refs 5th c.BC+ __II a ravenous sea-fish, Refs 2nd c.AD+ __III ={πάρδαλος}Refs 5th c.AD+ __IV name of a plaster, Refs 6th c.AD+

προβᾰτ-ικός, ή, όν, of sheep or goats, π. χορός a chorus of goats, as in the Αἶγες of Eupolis, Refs; ἡ π. πύλη the sheep-gate, LXX; without πύλη, NT+2nd c.AD+

σητό-βρωτος, ον, eaten by moths, LXX+NT

σκωληκό-βρωτος, ον, worm-eaten, of a tree,Refs 4th c.BC+ __2 eaten of worms, of a man, NT

Transliteration of Hebrew טָלֶה 'lamb' [H2924]. Not in LSJ.

ὗς, ὗν, __Agenitive ὑός [ῠ]; or σῦς, σῦν, genitive σῠός, ὁ and ἡ: Refs 8th c.BC+ only for the sake of meter: in Refs 5th c.BC+ is the prevailing form, as also at Rhodes, Refs 5th c.BC+; ὖς Refs 7th c.BC+; both forms in Refs 5th c.BC+, see below; ὗς in LXX+3rd c.BC+ only as see reading in LXX+2nd c.BC+ (συναγρειον falsa lectio inRefs 5th c.BC+; but σῦς (accusative σῦν) in Refs 1st c.BC+: plural, nominative ὕες, σύε; accusative ὕας, σύας, Attic dialect ὗς Refs 8th c.BC+; genitive ὑῶν, συῶ; dative ὑσί (συσί Refs 8th c.BC+, but Epic dialect also ὕεσσι Refs 8th c.BC+:—the wild swine, of the boar, σῦν ἄγριον ἀργιόδοντα Refs 8th c.BC+; also called σῦς κάπριος or κάπρος, (see entry).; compare also χλούνη; of the sow, συὸς ληϊβοτείρης Refs 8th c.BC+; ὕες (variant{ὗς}) ἄγριαι Refs 4th c.BC+ __A.2 of the domesticated animal, Refs 8th c.BC+; the hogs being eaten, ὕες θαλέθοντες ἀλοιφῇ Refs 8th c.BC+; they were fed on acorns, Refs 8th c.BC+; also on μῆλα πλατανίστινα, Refs 2nd c.AD+sus foeta, Refs 8th c.BC+ __A.3 proverbs, Βοιωτία ὗς, of stupidity (compare συοβοιωτοί), Refs 5th c.BC+ (σύας); ὗς ποτ᾽ Ἀθαναίαν ἔριν ἤρισεν (or more shortly ἡ ὗς τὴν Ἀθηνᾶν, Latin sus Minervam, Refs 1st c.AD+, of dunces setting themselves up against wise men, Refs 5th c.BC+; ὗς διὰ ῥόδων 'a bull in a china-shop', Refs 5th c.BC+; ὗς ἐκώμασε, of arrogant and insolent behaviour, Refs 9th c.AD+; ὗς ὑπὸ ῥόπαλον δραμεῖται, of one who runs wilfully into destruction, Dinoloch.14; παχὺς ὗς ἔκειτ᾽ ἐπὶ στόμα (compare βοῦς VIII) Refs 4th c.BC+; λύσω τὴν ἐμαυτῆς ὗν I will give my rage vent ('go the whole hog'), Refs 5th c.BC+ __A.II ={ὕαινα}Refs 5th c.BC+ __A.III see at {ὕσγη}. (Cf. Latin σῡς, ORefs 5th c.BC+ sú, sw-in: perhaps I.-Refs 5th c.BC+ sū-s feminine 'mother', cf. Sanskrit sū-s 'mother', sū-te 'bring forth (young)'; change of meaning as in Polish maciora (1) 'mother', (2) 'sow', and in Sardinian mardi 'sow', from mater; Sanskrit sū-s is also masculine, and σῦς is difficult.)

† [אֻרְיָה] n.f. manger, crib (Aramaic אוּרְיָא, ܐܘܽܪܝܳܐ, Arabic آرِىٌّ stall, etc., Assyrian urû Dl BAS i. 211)—Pl. אֻרָוֹת 2 Ch 32:28 (Aramaic form for אֳרָוֹת; cf. LagBN 172); cstr. אֻרְוֹת 1 K 5:6, אֻֽרְיוֹת 2 Ch 9:25;—crib of horses 1 K 5:6 (app. in enumeration of horses themselves, Eng. head, or span, cf. also 2 Ch 9:25 with 1 K 10:26; so Th MV, but text here dub. cf. Klo), hence 2 Ch 9:25; of any animals (כל־בהמה) 2 Ch 32:28 (on לַאֲ׳ v. Add.). Vulg.Ar. آرِيٌّ = manger Moḥiṭ19, 15 (GFM, privately), cf. Lane51 c.. Also pl. אֲוֵרוֹת 2 Ch 32:28 b (read prob. וְאֻרָות לָעֲדָרִים 𝔊 𝔙 Kit Benz al.).

† [אֹחַ] n.[m.] jackal (Assyrian aḫû DlW) pl. אֹחִים Is 13:21 וּמָֽלְאוּ בָּֽתֵּיהֶם א׳ (‖ צִיִּים).

—

† II. אֲנָקָה n.f. ferret, or shrew-mouse, unclean animal Lv 11:30 (TristrFFP 24; ܐܳܡܰܩܬܳܐ, 𝔗 אקמתא).

† אַקּוֹ n.m. wild goat (?) only Dt 14:5 in list of clean animals אַיָּל וּצְבִי וְיַחְמוּר וְאַקּוֹ וְדִישֹׁן וּתְאוֹ וָזָ֑מֶר (𝔊 ὄρυξ, 𝔖 𝔗 ibex; cf. BoHieroz. i. 900 f., Thes sub אנק cf. MV, with ref. to Arabic عناق goat; Thes comp. also Talm אִיקָא, but NHWB MV refer this to αἴξ).

—

† I. בָּצְרָה n.f. enclosure, i.e. (sheep-)fold, צאן ב׳ Mi 2:12.

† I. [גֵּבֶה] n.[p.] locust (name from swarm, collection, Ethiopic ጉባኤ cf. also Ethiopic ���ንበጣ locust √ = Arabic نَبَطَ scaturivit, manavit), only pl. גֵּבִים Is 33:4 (in sim. of leaping).—גֵּב ii, iii, v. sub גוב.

גַּבַּי סַלָּ֑י appar. n.pr.m. (cf. Aramaic ܓܰܒܳܝܳܐ, Talm גַּבָּי, tax-gatherer) a Benjamite Ne 11:8; but text dub. cf. 1 Ch 9:8 & SmListen 7.

† [גְּדִיָּה] n.f. only pl. kids sf. גְּדִיֹּתַיִךְ Ct 1:8 (‖ הצאן).

† גּוֹב n.[m.] locusts, Na 3:17; cf. גֹּבַי.

† דָּאָה n.f. a bird of prey, possibly kite (𝔙 Saad Bo Hieroz. ii. 191 Di Lv 11:14; Aramaic דַּיְתָא, ܕܰܝܬܳܐ; NH דַּיָּה of diff. birds of prey; name prob. from flying, swooping), Lv 11:14 forbidden as food; cf. also Dt 14:13 וְהָרָאָת ואת־הָאַיָּה והַדַּיָּה, where for הראה read הַדָּאָה & del. הַדַּיָּה; so Sam 𝔊; cf. Di l.c.

† דֹּב n.[m.] bear (so 𝔗 BH √ דבב; Syriac ܕܶܒܳܐ );—abs. ד׳ Dn 7:5.

† [דַּבֶּ֫שֶׁת] 1. n.f. hump (of camel) (etymol.?) cstr. Is 30:6 על־דַּבֶּשֶׁת גְּמַלִּים. 2. n.pr.loc. on border of Zebulun Jos 19:11 דַּבָּ֑שֶׁת.

† [זֶ֫מֶר] n.[m.] a certain animal allowed as food, most prob. some kind of mountain-sheep or-goat (𝔖 ܐܪܢܐ) וָזָמֶ֑ר Dt 14:5. (AV RV chamois: but see TristramDB 2. s.v., who points out that this is not a native of any Bible land.)

† [הֲפַרְפָּרָה] n.f. mole (as digger)—only Is 2:20, read לַחֲפַרְפָּרוֹת (MT לַחְפֹּר פֵּרוֹת, meaning obscure, v. conject. in Thes GesComm. Di).

† טָלֶה n.m. 1 S 7:9 lamb (NH id., lamb;) Aramaic טַלְיָא lamb, youth, טַלְיְתָא girl, ܛܰܠܝܳܐ boy, youth, ܛܠܻܝܬܳܐ girl (cf. Mk 5:41 𝔖); Arabic طَلًا young of cloven-footed animals, especially young gazelle HomNS 235, Nedj. tully, male lamb, DoughtyArabic Desert. i. 429, ii. 269; Ethiopic ጠሊ flock of goats, goat, kid—טְלֵה חָלָב 1 S 7:9 sucking lamb (for burnt-offering); in prediction זְאֵב וְטָלֶה יִרְעוּ Is 65:25 wolf & lamb shall feed; טְלָאִים pl. of foregoing, only Is 40:11 in metaph. of י׳ shepherding his people.

I. [יַעֲלָה] n.f. = i. יָעֵל (female);—אַיֶּלֶת אֲהָבִים וְיַעֲלַת חֵן Pr 5:19 fig. of wife.

† I. כֹּחַ n.[m.] a small reptile, prob. a kind of lizard, in list of unclean creeping things Lv 11:30; 𝔊 𝔙 AV chameleon; on various opinions v. Di.

† II. [כוּר] vb. meaning dub., perhaps bore, or dig, or hew (DlProl. 121 comp. Assyrian kâru, fell trees (DlHWB 324))—only Qal Pf. 3 pl. כארו = כָּארוּ for כָּרוּ ψ 22:17 (MT כָּאֲרִי, v. אֲרִי) they have bored (digged, hewn) my hands and my feet (si vera l.; cf. Vrss De Pe Che Bae al.; some, however, deriving from כרה in this sense); hence perhaps following.

† [כִּרְכָּרָה] n.f. dromedary (according to Ki Thes; perhaps from constantly repeated undulating movement);—only pl. abs. וּבַכִּרְכָּרוֹת Is 66:20 (+ בַּסּוּסִים וּבָרֶכֶב וּבַצַּבִּים וּבַפְּרָדִים; the whole list is a gloss according to Du CheIntr. Is.).

† כִּשְׂבָּה n.f. ewe-lamb Lv 5:6 (P).

† לְבִיָּא n.f. lioness (on format. v. LagBN 93);—Ez 19:2 (‖ אֲרָיוֹת) fig. of mother of Isr.

† לְטָאָה n.f. a kind of lizard (NH id.);—named as unclean Lv 11:30 (with צָב, אֲנָקָה, כֹּחַ, חֹמֶט, תִּנְשֶׁמֶת), 𝔊 χαλαβώτης, 𝔙 stellio.—Vid. Diad loc. Tristr Nat. Hist. Bib. 266 ff.

† [נָבַח] vb. bark (of dogs) (NH id.; Arabic نَبَحَ; Ethiopic ነብሐ:; Aramaic ܢܒܰܚ, נְבַח);— Qal Inf. cstr. only כֻּלָּם כְּלָבִים אִלְּמִים לֹא יוּכְלוּ לִנְבֹּחַ Is 56:10 fig. of helpless prophets.

† נְמַר n.[m.] leopard (v. BH);—abs. Dn 7:6.

—

† סָ֑ס n.m. moth (𝔗 סָסָא, Syriac ܣܳܣܳܐ; Assyrian sâsu, DlHWB 506; Arabic سُوسٌ, سُوسَةٌ; Ethiopic ፃፄ Thes LagArmen. Stud. § 2262 cp. Armen. zez = Gk. σής, wh. is der. from סָס by BoHieroz. iii. 514 LewyFremdw. 16 f.);—וְכַצֶּמֶר יֹאכְלֵס סָ֑ס Is 51:8.

† [עֵז] n.[f.] (she-)goat;—pl. עִזִּין Ezr 6:17.

† עַכְשׁוּב n.m. usually asp, viper (so 𝔊 𝔙; perhaps conject. from sense and ‖ נָחָשׁ), but perhaps = (? crpt. for) עַכָּבִישׁ spider (q.v.; cf. 𝔗ad loc.);—חֲמַת ע׳ ψ 140:4 a viper’s (? spider’s) venom is under their lips (v. especially Che and reff.).

† עֲלוּקָה n.f. leech (perhaps Aramaic loan-wd.; > vampyre-like demon, Ew al. = Arabic ʿAulaḳ WeHeid. 2, 149, or name of sage, as some Rabb.; v. discussion De Toy);—לַע׳ שְׁתֵּי בָנוֹת Pr 30:15.

† [עֲרָד K§ 57 a) α)] n.m. wild ass (𝔗 Syriac; √ ערד, perhaps = Arabic غرد give a cry NöSBWAk. cxlii. v. II. 1900, v. BH עָרוֹד as loan-word (KAramaismen 72, but dub. NöZMG lvii (1903), 413));—pl.emph. עֲרָדַיָּא Dn 5:21.

† עָרוֹד n.[m.] wild ass (prob. Aramaic loan-word (= Heb. פֶּרֶא), 𝔗 עֲרָדָא, עֲרוֹדָא; Syriac ܥܪܳܕܳܐ; Mand. אראדא, cf. HomNS 133)* Jb 39:5.

† [פָּעָה] vb. groan (onomatop. according to Thes; NH Hiph. bleat, so Arabic بعى, بغى Dozy; Aramaic פְּעָא, ܦܥܳܐ bleat);—Impf. 1 s. כַּיּוֹלֵדָה אֶפְעֶה Is 42:14 (of י׳ straining himself to deliver Isr., + אֶשֹּׁם [נשׁם], אֶשְׁאַף).—[אֶפַע] Is 41:24, v. p. 67.

† [הֲפַרְפָּרָה] n.f. mole (as digger)—only Is 2:20, read לַחֲפַרְפָּרוֹת (MT לַחְפֹּר פֵּרוֹת, meaning obscure, v. conject. in Thes GesComm. Di).

† II. צָב n.[m.] lizard, as unclean, Lv 11:29.

† [צְפִיר] n.m. he-goat (v. BH V. צפר);—pl. cstr. צְפִירֵי עִזִּין Ezr 6:17.

† צֶ֫פַע n.m. a (poisonous) serpent (from hissing?);—Is 14:29; usually taken as = following.

† קִפּוֹז n.f. arrow-snake (Arabic قِفَّازَةٌ, so BoHieroz. Pars post. iii. cap. 11 (citing Avicenna ii. 139, 16, cf. Thes LagBN 89), and most moderns; cf. Dozyii. 383 PS1375 ad fin.; = ἀκοντίας AelianHist. Anim. vi. 18, viii. 13, called ק׳ as leaping from trees on passers-by; but ag. this v. Houghton Acad. Apr. 24, 1886, 292 f. (arrow-snake does not incubate) PostHast.DB iii. 637 who conj. an owl (as AV));—Is 34:15, token of desolation.

† דָּאָה n.f. a bird of prey, possibly kite (𝔙 Saad Bo Hieroz. ii. 191 Di Lv 11:14; Aramaic דַּיְתָא, ܕܰܝܬܳܐ; NH דַּיָּה of diff. birds of prey; name prob. from flying, swooping), Lv 11:14 forbidden as food; cf. also Dt 14:13 וְהָרָאָת ואת־הָאַיָּה והַדַּיָּה, where for הראה read הַדָּאָה & del. הַדַּיָּה; so Sam 𝔊; cf. Di l.c.

† [רָמַם] vb. denom. be wormy;— Qal Impf. 3 ms. (c. acc. result, Ges§ 121 d N) וַיָּ֫רֻם תּוֹלָעִים Ex 16:20 (Ges§ 67 n; + וַיִּבְאַשׁ).

† [רַמָּךְ] n.[f.] exact meaning dub. (cf. Syriac ܪܰܡܟܳܐ herd; foreign wd.; Pahlavi ramak, N Pers. رمه herd of sheep, horses, etc., Thes 1291 Vullers ii. 52; in NH mule born of mare and he-ass);—בְּנֵי הָרַמָּכִים Est 8:10 usually sons of the (royal) mares, said of הָרֶכֶשׁ.

† רְנָנִים n.[m.] pl. bird of piercing cries, i.e. ostrich, according to 𝔙 Bo Di and most, בְּנַף ר׳ Jb 39:13, but read prob. יְעֵנִים Hoffm Bu Du (as La 4:3 Qr), v. [יָעֵן].

† [רֶ֫פֶת] n.[m.] appar. stable, stall (NH id.; √ dub.; Thes from רפף, cf. Arabic رَفٌّ enclosure for sheep and goats, but no satisfactory meaning of רפף known);—pl. רְפָתִים Hb 3:17 (for cattle).

† שַׁבְּלוּל n.m. snail (Shaph. form, causing moisture, from notion of moisture or fluid in בלל);—name due to slimy trail ψ 58:9, שַׁבְּלוּל תֶּמֶס יַהֲלֹךְ.

† שַׁ֫יִשׁ n.[m.] alabaster (foreign word? NH id.; Aramaic שַׁיְשָׁא, ܫܺܝܫܳܐ, perhaps Assyrian šaššu);—אַבְנֵי־שׁ׳ 1 Ch 29:2 (material of temple); cf. PatrickHast.DB Marble.

† שְׂמָמִית n.f. a kind of lizard (so 𝔊 𝔙 𝔗 Lv 11:30 cf. Str Pr (also on שׂ > שׁ));—abs. שׂ׳ Pr 30:28 (cf. Shipley-CookEncy.Bib. Lizard).

† שְׁפִיפֹן n.[m.] horned snake, 𝔊 κεράστης (Arabic سِفٌّ, سُفٌ Frey);—abs. שׁ׳ Gn 49:17 (‖ נָחָשׁ); = cerastes cornutus or Hasselquistii, cf. TrNHB 273 PostHast. DB iv. 457 f. McLean-ShipleyEncy. Bib. iv. 4393 Drad loc.—שְׁפוּפָם, שְׁפוּפָן vid. s.v.

† תַּנִּין (erron. תַּנִּים) n.m. Ez 29:3 serpent, dragon, sea-monster (NH id. (rare); Arabic تَنِّينٌ, loan-word from Aramaic תַּנִּינָא, ܬܰܢܺܝܢܳܐ Frä123; Ethiopic ተመን );—abs. ת׳ Ex 7:9 +, ים— Ez 29:3; 32:2 (by confusion with pl. of [תַּן]); pl. תַּנִּינִם Gn 1:21, etc.;— 1. serpent, Dt 32:33 (venomous), ψ 91:13 (‖ פֶּתֶן), Ex 7:9, 10, 12 (P). 2. dragon, as devourer (sim.) Je 51:34; עֵין הַתּ׳ Ne 2:13, near Jerus. 3. sea- (or river-) monster, Gn 1:21 (P); fig. Jb 7:12 ψ 74:13 (i.e. Egyptians), Is 27:1; 51:9 (‖ רַהַב mythol. personif. of chaos) Ez 29:3; 32:2; called to praise י׳ ψ 148:7 (‖ תְּהֹמוֹת).—Vid. CheEncy. Bib. dragon GunkSchöpfung 69 ff. BartonJAOS xv. 1(1891), 23 f.; personif. of water-spout RSSem i. 161; 2nd ed. 176; cf. Gk. fish-name θύννος LewyFremdw. 15.