Ram and Horn

I. אַ֫יִל156 n.m. Gn 22:13 ram (as leader of flock, NHeb. & Aramaic id., Assyrian ailu DlW, Ph. איל, = אַיִל rather than אַיָּל, cf. CISi. p. 231)—אַיִל (אָ֑יִל) Gn 15:9 +; cstr. אֵיל Ex 29:22 +; pl. אֵילִים (אֵילִם, אֵלִים) Gn 32:15 +; cstr. אֵילֵי Gn 31:38 Is 60:7.—ram, 1. used as food Gn 31:38 (E) Dt 32:14 (cf. ram of sacrifice, infr. e.g. Ex 29:32 cf. Lv 8:31); as yielding wool 2 K 3:4; as tribute 2 Ch 17:11; as merchandise Ez 27:21; as gift Gn 32:15 (E); in sim. of leaping, skipping ψ 114:4 (הֶהָרִים רָקְדוּ כְּא׳) v 6; in Dn.’s vision, ram with two horns symbol. kings of Media and Persia Dn 8:3, 4, 6, 7(×4), 20; fig. of rich and powerful in Isr. Ez 34:17. 2. slain in ceremony of ratification of covenant betw. י׳ & Abr. Gn 15:9 (J); in Abr.’s sacrif. Gn 22:13(×2) (E); Balaam’s sacrif. Nu 23:1 + 5 times Nu 23 (JE); so in ritual (P), (a) in consecration ceremony of Aaron & his sons Ex 29:1 + 15 times Ex 29 (א׳ מִלֻּאִים v 22 cf. v 26, 27, 31) Lv 8:2 + 8 times Lv 8 (א׳ הַמִּלֻּאִים v 22, 29 א׳ הָעֹלָה v 18); (b) in guilt-offering (אָשָׁם) Lv 5:15, 16, 18, 25; 19:21, 22 cf. Ezr 10:19 & א׳ הַכִּפֻּרִים Nu 5:8; (c) burnt-offering (עֹלָה) Lv 9:2 & Nu 15:6, 11 & Ez 46:4, 5, 6, 7, 11, on day of atonement Lv 16:3, 5, Pentecost 23:18; (d) peace-offering (שְׁלָמִים) Lv 9:4, 18, 19; beginning of month Nu 28:11, 12, 14 cf. 29:2, 3; passover 28:19, 20 cf. Ez 45:23, 24; day of firstfruits Nu 28:27, 28; in 7th month 29:8 + 18 times Nu 29; (e) in law of Nazarite Nu 6:14, 17, 19; (f) in consecration of altar of tabernacle Nu 7:15 + 25 times Nu 7, cf. consecr. of Ezek.’s temple-altar Ez 43:23, 25; (g) more generally 1 S 15:22; Is 1:11 Mi 6:7 Jb 42:8 ψ 66:15, also Is 34:6; 60:7; at bringing ark to Jerus. 1 Ch 15:26; other occasions 29:21; 2 Ch 13:9; 29:21, 22, 32; Ezr 8:35; cf. fig. Je 51:40; Ez 39:18. 3. עֹרֹת אֵילִים מְאָדָּמִים rams’ skins dyed red, of covering of tabernacle Ex 25:5; 26:14 35:7, 23; 36:19 cf. 39:34 (all P).

† יוֹבֵל, יֹבֵל n.m. Nu 36:4 ram, ram’s horn, cornet (Ph. יבל ram; cf. Di Lv 25:10 DlPr 124)—abs. יוֹבֵל Jos 6:5 + 7 times; יֹבֵל Ex 19:13 + 13 times; pl. יוֹבְלִים Jos 6:4 + 2 times; יֹבְלִים Jos 6:13;— 1. ram, only in combin.: בִּמְשֹׁךְ בְּקֶרֶן הַיּ׳ Jos 6:5 the ram’s horn, as wind-instrument; so שׁוֹפְרוֹת (ה)י(ו)בלים Jos 6:4, 6, 8, 13 rams’ horns (v. BenzArchäol. 276); יֹבֵל alone, בִּמְשֹׁךְ הַיֹּבֵל Ex 19:13 at the sounding of the ram(’s horn). 2. designation of 50th year, marked by blowing of cornets, AV ‘jubile’ (so NH יוֹבֵל, 𝔗 יובֵילָא, as loan-word); orig. no doubt שְׁנַת הַיּוֹבֵל year of the ram(’s horn), as Lv 25:13, 28, 40, 50, 52, 54 (all H), 27:17, 18, 23, 24 (all P), but then, without שׁנת, as יוֹבֵל הִוא תִּהְיֶה לָכֶם 25:10 a ram(’s horn blowing) shall it be to you; so v 11, 12, 15, 28, 30, 31, 33 (all H), 27:18, 21 Nu 36:4 (both P).

† III. כַּר n.[m.] he-lamb, battering-ram (Assyrian kirru, Zim in Schwally ZAW x. (1890), 186; perhaps lamb from dancing, skipping, gallopping in field; (battering-)ram as in Eng., from butting; cf. Arabic كَبْشٌ ram and buttress, Lane; also battering-ram cf. Dozy ii. 440);—sg. only Is 16:1 the lamb of the ruler (as tribute); elsewhere pl. כָּרִים Am 6:4 1 S 15:9; 2 K 3:4; Je 51:40 (in sim.), Ez 27:21; 39:18; חֵלֶב כ׳ Dt 32:14 the fat of lambs; דַּם כ׳ וְעַתּוּדִים Is 34:6 the blood of lambs and goats; כָּרִים = battering-rams Ez 4:2; 21:27(×2) (in v a Co reads שָׂרִים, cf. AV; MT RV as above).—Vid. also בֵּית כָּ֑ר p. 111 supr.

† [דְּכַר] n.m. ram (𝔗 דִּכְרָא, Syriac ܕܶܟܪܳܐ id., also (and primarily) male, v. BH זָכָר);—pl. דִּכְרִין for sacrifice Ezr 6:9, 17; 7:17.

—