Wilderness and Desert

† אַרְבֶּה n.m. Ex 10:19 a kind of locust (usually interp. as the multitudinous, but DlHWB 126 as = Assyrian âribu, êribu, êribû, locust-swarm, from ארב devastate);—always abs. (הָ)א׳;—usually coll. locust-swarm, in sim. of swarm of invaders Ju 6:5; 7:12; often appar. the common species (‖ other species, cf. לְמִינוֹ Lv 11:22): Je 46:23; Na 3:15 (sim. of multitude; ‖ יֶלֶק); as destructive Ex 10:4, 12, 13, 14(×2), 19a (all J), ψ 105:34 (‖ יֶלֶק), Dt 28:38 (vb. חסל), 1 K 8:37 = 2 Ch 6:28, ψ 78:46 (all + חָסִיל), Jo 1:4(×2) (‖ גָּזָם, יֶלֶק, חָסִיל), 2:25 (‖ id.); as disappearing suddenly (sim.) Na 3:17 (‖ גּוֹב גּוֹבַי); as edible Lv 11:22 (H; ‖ סָלְעָם, חַרְגֹּל, חָגָב); as well organized Pr 30:27 (cf. Jo 2:7, 8); of single locust, א׳ אֶחָד Ex 10:19b (J), as leaping (sim.) Jb 39:20, as shaken out of garment (sim.) ψ 109:23 (v. II. נָעַר).—Cf. Dr Jo 82 ff.

† יֶ֫לֶק n.m. Na 3:16 a kind of locust, abs. יֶלֶק Na 3:16 + 5 times; יָ֑לֶק Jo 1:4 + 2 times;—always coll.: a as devouring ‖ גָּזָם, אַרְבֶּה, חָסִיל, Jo 1:4(×2) 2:25; ‖ אַרְבֶּה ψ 105:34 (of Egyptian plague), cf. Na 3:15a (but del. We). b. in sim. of multitude of men Na 3:15b Je 51:14; of horses v 27 (יֶלֶק סָמָר). c. in sim. of scattering and disappearing Na 3:16.

† חָסִיל n.m. a kind of locust (sg. coll.), always abs. ח׳, and always as destructive; 1 K 8:37 = 2 Ch 6:28 ψ 78:46 (all ‖ אַרְבֶּה), Jo 1:4; 2:25 (‖ יָ֑לֶק, אַרְבֶּה, גָּוָם); cf. אֹסֶף הֶחָ׳ Is 33:4 the gathering of the locust, in sim. of despoiling of Assyria (‖ גֵּבִים).

† I. חָגָב n.m. Ec 12:5 locust, grasshopper (NH id.; cf. 𝔗), prob. a non-flying species, v. Kn in Di Lv 11:22; הֶחָגָב allowed as food Lv 11:22 (P; ‖ אַרְבֶּה, סָלְעָם, חַרְגֹּל), כַּחֲגָבִים Nu 13:33 (JE; sim. of insignificance), so Is 40:22; as agent of Yahweh’s wrath חָגָב לֶאֱכוֹל חארץ 2 Ch 7:13; וְיִסְתַּבֵּל הֶחָגָב Ec 12:5 and the grasshopper shall be a burden; better shall stuff itself, grow fat (s. סבל); De thinks ח׳ here fig. of the back part of the pelvic cavity (Arabic حَجَبَةٌ is point of hip-bone, Bö, cf. Lane), and refers to stiffness of aged joints, so Now; but the meaning is dubious; v. other views in Comm.

ἀκρίς, ίδος, ἡ, grasshopper, locust, cricket, LXX+8th c.BC+:— singular, in collective sense, Men.Prot.Refs 4th c.AD+

† גָּזָם n.m. Am 4:9 locusts (coll.)—abs. גָּזָם Jo 1:4; 2:25; Am 4:9;—always as devouring, devastating, Jo 1:4 (‖ אַרְבֶּה, יֶלֶק, חָסִיל), 2:25 (‖ id.); Am 4:9 alone: your gardens and your vineyards, and your fig-trees and your olive-trees יֹאכַל הַגָּזָם.

† גֹּבַי, גּוֹבָ֑י n.m.; Am. 7:1 cf. v. 2 coll. locusts (swarm, multitude; Aramaic גּוּבָא, pl. גוּבָאֵי; on format. v. Ol§ 216 d), גֹּבַי symbol of Yahweh’s judgment on Isr. Am 7:1; in sim. of disappearance of Assyrian leaders at destruction of Nineveh גּוֹב גּוֹבָ֑י Na 3:17 (locust-) swarm of locusts (‖ אַרְבֶּה); but del. גּוֹב as dittogr. We al.

† I. [גֵּבֶה] n.[p.] locust (name from swarm, collection, Ethiopic ጉባኤ cf. also Ethiopic ���ንበጣ locust √ = Arabic نَبَطَ scaturivit, manavit), only pl. גֵּבִים Is 33:4 (in sim. of leaping).—גֵּב ii, iii, v. sub גוב.

גַּבַּי סַלָּ֑י appar. n.pr.m. (cf. Aramaic ܓܰܒܳܝܳܐ, Talm גַּבָּי, tax-gatherer) a Benjamite Ne 11:8; but text dub. cf. 1 Ch 9:8 & SmListen 7.