Agriculture

I. נָסַע vb. pull out or up, set out, journey (NH id., move, march; Assyrian nisû, set out, withdraw, etc. DlHWB 470; NöZMG xl (1886), 723 cp. also Arabic نَزَعَ, Ethiopic ነዝዐ: [rare] pull up, away, so BaES 51);— Qal137 Pf. 3 ms. נ׳ Gn 33:17 +, 3 mpl. נָֽסְעוּ Dt 10:6, נָסָ֑עוּ Nu 2:34 +, etc.; Impf. יִסַּע Is 33:20, וַיִּסַּע Gn 12:9 +, sf. וַיִּסָּעֵם Ju 16:3; 3 mpl. יִסְעוּ Ex 40:36 +, יִסָּ֑עוּ Nu 2:9 +; 2 mpl. תִּסְעוּ Jos 3:3; 1 pl. נִסְעָה cohort. Gn 33:12, וַנִּסַּע Dt 1:19; 2:1, וַנִּסְעָה Ezr 8:31, etc.; Imv. סְעוּ Dt 2:24 +; Inf. abs. נָסוֹעַ Gn 12:9; cstr. נְסֹעַ Jos 3:14 +; sf. נָסְעָם Gn 11:2 Nu 10:34; Pt. נֹסֵעַ Ex 14:10; Nu 10:33; pl. נֹסְעִים Nu 10:29;— 1. pull out or up, city-gate and gate-posts Ju 16:3; loom v 14 (on text cf. GFM), tent-pegs Is 33:20 (fig. of Jerusalem; cf. also Niph.) 2. hence (from pulling up tent-pegs), a. set out Gn 35:5; Nu 12:15 (both E), Je 4:7 (‖ יָצָא מִמְּקוֹמוֹ); even of lifeless things, e.g. the ark, הָאָרוֹן Nu 10:35 (JE); often in P: Ex 14:15; 40:37; Nu 1:51; 4:5, 15; 9:17 + 8 times Nu 9, 10:5, 6, 17, 18, 21, 22, 25, so prob. also 2:8 + 6 times Nu 2 (v. infr.; even of lifeless things, דֶּגֶל 10:18, 22, מִשְׁכָּן 1:51, אֹהֶל מוֹעֵד 2:17), 33:3; וַיִּסַּע … וַיָּבֹא Gn 46:1 (E) and Isr. set out, and came, etc., Ex 16:1; 19:2; Nu 20:22; Jos 9:17 (all P), Dt 1:7, נִסְעָה וְנֵלֵ֑כָה 33:12 (J); (… וַיַּעֲלוּ) וַיִּסְעוּ Ju 18:11, סְעוּ וְעִבְרוּ Dt 2:24; נ׳ often c. מִן Gn 35:16 (E), Nu 10:34 (JE), נ׳ מֵאָהֳלֵיהֶם לַעֲבֹר Jos 3:14 (JE), set out from their tents, to cross, etc., cf. נ׳ מִן … לָלֶכֶת Ezr 8:31; c. מִן + ויבא, Jos 3:1 (JE), Nu 33:9 (P), + וַיֵּלֶךְ v 3 (D), Dt 1:19, + וַיַּעַבְרוּ Nu 33:8 (P); + וַיָּשָׁב + וַיַּחֲנוּ Nu 33:7 (P). b. depart, c. מִן Gn 37:17 (J), 2 K 3:27; 19:8, 36 = Is 37:8, 37; even of עַמּוּד הֶעָנָן Ex 14:19 (J); of angel v 19 (E; + וַיֵּלֶךְ). 3. journey, march (by stages) Gn 12:9; 35:21 both J), Nu 10:13, 14, 28 (P), (poss. also Nu 2:9 etc., cf. 2 supr.); + לְמַסְעֵיהֶם according to their stations, i.e. by stages Ex 17:1; Nu 10:12 (+ מִן), cf. Ex 40:36 (all P); sq. ה loc. Gn 12:9; 33:17 (both J), Dt 1:40; 2:1; סְעוּ לָכֶם הַמִּדְבָּר Nu 14:25 (JE); sq. מִקֶּדֶם eastward (v. מִן 1. c) Gn 11:2; 13:11 (both J), אַחֲרֵי Ex 14:10 (J), אֶל־ Nu 10:29, לִפְנֵי v 33 (of ark; all J); sq. מִן + ה loc. Gn 20:1 (E), Dt 10:6, 7; Ex 12:37 (P), + acc. loc. Nu 11:35 (JE); sq. מִן + acc. of distance, דֶּרֶךְ 10:33 (JE), 21:4 (P); especially וַיִּסְעוּ מִן … וַיַּחֲנוּ Nu 21:12, 13 (JE), Ex 13:20; Nu 21:11; 33:5 + 37 times Nu 33 (all P); of shepherds Je 31:24.—נָֽסְעוּ כְמוֹ צֹאן Zc 10:2 is dub.; We נָעוּ or יָנֻעוּ, so Now. 4. of wind, נ׳ רוּחַ מֵאֵת י׳ Nu 11:31 there set forth (sprang up) a wind from י׳. †Niph. Pf. be pulled up, removed: 3 ms. דּוֹרִי נִסַּע וְנִגְלָה מִנִּי כְּאֹהֶל רֹעִי Is 38:12; of wealth הֲלֹא נִסַּע Jb 4:21 (reading יְתֵדָם for יִתְרָם, v. ii. יֶתֶר). †Hiph. Impf. 3 ms. יַסַּע ψ 78:26, וַיַּסַּע Ex 15:22 + 2 times; 2 ms. תַּסִּיעַ ψ 80:9, 3 fs. תַּסִּיעִי 2 K 4:4; 3 mpl. וַיַּסִּ֫עוּ 1 K 5:31; Pt. מַסִּיעַ Ec 10:9;— 1. cause to set out, lead out, c. acc. pers. Ex 15:22 (J; + מִן, וַיֵּצְאוּ), ψ 78:52 (כַּצֹּאן; ‖ וַיְנַהֲגֵם), 80:9 (מִן; fig. of vine); fig. of a wind, cause to spring up, יַסַּע קָדִים ψ 78:26 (‖ וַיְנַהֵג; cf. Qal 4). 2. remove, c. acc. rei 2 K 4:4; וַיַּסַּע כָּעֵץ תִּקְוָתִי Jb 19:10; specif., remove from quarry, quarry: 1 K 5:31 and they quarried great stones, cf. Ec 10:9.

כֶּרֶם92 n.m. Dt 28:30 (f. Is 27, 2) vineyard (NH id.; Aramaic כַּרְמָא, ܟܰܪܡܳܐ; Zinj. כרם DHMSendsch. 58; Arabic كَرْمٌ, كَرْمَةٌ vine; Ethiopic ክርም: ከርም: vine; Jen ZA vii. (1892), 217 comp. Assyrian karânu, vine;—etym. dub.; Thes al. comp. Arabic كَرُمَ noble, generous, fertile, but precarious);—abs. כ׳ Ex 22:4 +, כָּ֑רֶם Gn 9:20 +; cstr. כֶּ֫רֶם 1 K 21:7 +; sf. כַּרְמִי Is 5:3 +, כַּרְמְךָ Ex 23:11 +, etc.; pl. כְּרָמִים Jos 24:13 +; cstr. כַּרְמֵי Am 5:1 + 2 times; sf. כְּרָמֵנוּ Ne 5:3 + 3 times; כַּרְמֵיכֶם Am 4:9 + 2 times, etc.;—vineyard Gn 9:20 (J), 1 K 21:1 + 9 times 1 K 21, Ct 2:15(×2) +; so even Ju 15:5 (where read כ׳ וזית; cf. GFM, who however doubts genuineness); + זַיִת Ex 23:11 (E) and often (v. זית); + שָׂדֶה Ex 22:4, 5 (E), and often; fig. of Isr. under י׳’s care Is 5:1 ff., cf. 3:14 Je 12:10; fig. of Shulamite’s complexion Ct 1:6, of her heart 8:12.—Vbs. governing כ׳ are:—נָטַע Gn 9:20 Am 5:11 + 16 times, cf. מַטָּעֵי כ׳ Mi 1:6; זָרַע Dt 22:9 (c. 2 acc.); חִלֵּל = begin to use fruit of, Dt 20:6(×2); 28:30 Je 31:5; זָמַר prune, Lv 25:3, 4; בָּצַר gather, harvest (lit. cut off, i.e. grapes, Lv 25:5, 11), Dt 24:21; Ju 9:27, cf. לִקֵּשׁ Jb 24:6; עוֹלֵל glean, Lv 19:10; Dt 24:21; אָכַל Jos 24:13 (usually ‘eat fruit of’ Is 65:21, etc.); locusts devour Am 4:9 (si vera l.) On n.pr.loc. אָבֵל כְּרָמִים v. ii. אָבֵל 4; בֵּית הַכֶּרֶם v. p. 111 b.

† נָטַע vb. plant (NH id., and deriv.; cf. Sab. נטעת pavilion [? as planted, established] DHM ZMG xxxvii. (1883), 337, 349);— Qal Pf. 3 ms. Nu 24:6 +, 2 ms. נָטָ֑עְתָּ Dt 6:11, sf. 3 mpl. נְטַעְתָּם Je 12:2; 1 s. נָטַ֫עְתִּי Je 45:4 + 2 times, וְנָטַעְתִּ֫י Je 42:10 Ec 2:5, sf. נְטַעְתִּיךְ Je 2:21, וּנְטַעְתִּיו consec. 2 S 7:10 = וּנְטַעְתִּיהוּ 1 Ch 17:9, וּנְטַעְתִּים consec. Am 9:15 + 2 times, etc.; Impf. 3 ms. יִטַּע Dn 11:45, וַיִּטַּע Gn 2:8 + 2 times, sf. וַיִּטָּעֵ֫הוּ Is 5:2; 2 ms. תִּטַּע Dt 16:21 + 2 times, sf. 3 fs. וַתִּטָּעֶ֑הָ ψ 80:9; sf. 3 mpl. וַתִּטָּעֵ֫מוֹ Ex 15:17, וַתִּטָּעֵם ψ 44:3, etc.; Imv. נִטְעוּ Je 29:5 + 3 times; Inf. לִנְטֹעַ Is 51:16 Je 18:9, לִנְטוֹעַ Je 1:10; 31:28, לָטַעַת Ec 3:2; Pt. act. נוֹטֵעַ Je 11:17, נֹטַע ψ 94:9 (shewing orig. a according to LagBN 84); pl. נֹטְעִים Je 31:5; pass. נָטוּעַ Ec 3:2, pl. נְטוּעִים Ec 12:11;— 1. plant, c. acc. of tree or vine Nu 24:6 (JE; subj. י׳), Gn 21:33 (J), Lv 19:23 (H), Is 44:14 ψ 106:16 (subj. י׳), Ec 2:5 also (fig. of people) Je 2:21; 11:17 ψ 80:9, 16; c. acc. of vineyard Gn 9:20 (J), Am 5:11; 9:14; 2 K 19:29 = Is 37:30; Zp 1:13; Dt 20:6; 28:30, 39 Je 31:5(×3); 35:7; Ez 28:26; Is 65:21; Pr 31:16 ψ 107:37; Ec 2:4; olive trees and vineyards Dt 6:11 Jos 24:13 (D); garden Gn 2:8 (י׳), Je 29:5, 28; so c. acc. אֲשֵׁרָה כָּל־עֵץ Dt 16:21; נ׳ נִטְעֵי נַעֲמָנִים Is 17:10 (fig. of idolatry); abs. (lit.) Is 65:22; Ec 3:2(×2) (opp. עָקַר); c. 2 acc. Is 5:2 (plant vineyard with vine). 2. plant, fig. = establish, usually of establishing people, c. acc. 2 S 17:10 = 1 Ch 17:9 Am 9:15 (opp. נָתַשׁ), Ez 36:36; Ex 15:17 (song), especially Je 24:6; 32:41 (ב loc.), 42:10 (opp. נָתַשׁ), 45:10 (opp. id., ψ 44:3 (all of establishing Isr.); of establishing wicked Je 12:2; abs. of establishing people Je 1:10; 18:9; 31:28; more lit., establish heavens Is 51:16 (‖ לִיסֹד אֶרֶץ); plant i.e. fix (late use) tents Dn 11:45; מַשְׂמְרוֹת נְטוּעִים Ec 12:11 nails planted, i.e. fixed in; even נ׳ אֹזֶן ψ 94:9 he that planted the ear. Niph. Pf. 3 pl. נִמָּ֑עוּ Is 40:24 be planted, fig., = be established.

† I. זָרַע vb. sow, scatter seed (NH id.; Assyrian zirû TPPrism vi. 15; Arabic زَرَعَ; Aramaic ܙܪܰܥ, זְרַע; Ethiopic ዘርአ: ዘርዐ: but in Sab. דֿרא DHMZMG 1883, 15 and in n.pr., Id. in MV10, pp. 242, 983)— Qal Pf. 3 ms. זָרַע Ju 6:3; 1 s. וְזָרַעְתִּ֫י Je 31:27; sf. וּזְרַעְתִּיהָ consec. Ho 2:25; 3 pl. זָֽרְעוּ Je 12:13; 2 mpl. זְרַעְתֶּם Hg 1:6; וּזְרַעְתֶּם consec. Gn 47:23 + 2 times; Impf. יִזְרָ֑ע Ec 11:4; וַיִּזְרַע Gn 26:12; sf. וַיִּזְרָעֶהָ Ju 9:45; 1 s. אֶזְרְעָה Jb 31:8; sf. וְאֶזְרָעֵם Zc 10:9, etc.; Imv. ms. זְרַע Ec 11:6; mpl. זִרְעוּ Ho 10:12 + 2 times; Inf. לִזְרֹעַ Is 28:24; Pt. act. זֹרֵעַ Is 55:10 + 3 times; זוֹרֵעַ Pr 22:8 Je 50:16, etc.; Pt. pass. sm. זָרֻעַ ψ 97:11 (but v. infr.); f. זְרוּעָה Je 2:2;— 1. lit. sow: a. abs. sow (seed), do one’s sowing Ju 6:3 Gn 26:12 (J), Is 28:24 (after ploughing חרשׁ); זִרְעוּ וקצרו ונטעו כרמים Is 37:30=2 K 19:29; ‖ קצר also Mi 6:15 Lv 25:11 (H), Ec 11:4: ‖ אסף Lv 25:20 (H); opp. אכל Jb 31:8; זֹרְעֵי על־כל־מים Is 32:20 (on cstr. cf. Ges§ 130, 1); c. את־השּׁנה הַשׁמינִת Lv 25:22; sq. הַרְבֵּה Hg 1:6 (opp. הָבֵא מְעָ֑ט). b. c. acc. of land אדמה Ex 23:10 (JE; ‖ אסף), Gn 47:23 (J); filed (שׂדה) Lv 25:3 (‖ אסף), cf. v 4 ψ 107:37; as pt. pass. אֶרֶץ לֹא וְרוּעָה Je 2:2 (‖ מִדְבָּר). c. c. acc. of seed ז׳ אֶת־זַרְעֲךָ Dt 11:10, cf. 22:9 Je 35:7 Lv 26:16 (H) Ec 11:6; sq. חִטִּים Je 12:13 (‖ קצר); cf. also בִּכּוּרֵי מַעֲשֶׂיךָ אשׁר תזרע בַּשָּׁדֶה Ex 23:16 (JE). d. sq. 2 acc. לֹא תזרע כַּרְמְךָ כִּלְאָ֑יִם Dt 22:9; cf. שָׂדְךָ לֹא תִזְרַע כִּלְאַיִם Lv 19:19 (H); זַרְעֲךָ אשׁר־תזרע את־האדמה Is 30:23; also of destroyed city וַיִּזְרָעֶהָ מֶ֑לַח Ju 9:45. e. pt. act. as subst. זוֹרֵעַ Je 50:16 (‖ תֹּפֵשׂ מַגָּל בְּעֵת קָציר); לַזֹּרֵעַ Is 55:10 (‖ לָאֹכֵל). 2. of shrub and tree producing, yielding seed, c. acc. cogn. Gn 1:29(×2) (P), cf. Hiph. 3. fig.: a. of Yahweh’s sowing (planting) Isr. in the land וזרעתיה לי בָארץ Ho 2:25 (We וזרעתיהו, obj. being Jezreel); on the other hand וְאֶזְרָעֵם בָּעַמִּים Zc 10:9. b. c. 2 acc., of Yahweh’s fructifying Isr. and Judah וזרעתי את־בית ישׂראל ואת־ב׳ יהודה זֶרַע אדם וזרע בהמה Je 31:27. c. of moral action, זִרְעוּ לָכֶם לִצְדָקָה Ho 10:12 (‖ קצר); ז׳צדקה Pr 11:18; אַל־תִּזְרְעוּ אֶל־קֹצִים Je 4:3 sow not in among thorns (said of a few righteous deeds amid much wickedness); especially of evil-doing רוּחַ יזרעו וְסוּפָתָה יִקְצֹ֑רוּ Ho 8:7; זֹרְעֵי עָמָל Jb 4:8 (‖ קצר); זוֹרֵעַ עַוְלָה יקצור־אָוֶן Pr 22:8. d. of Israel’s practising idolatry זְמֹרַת זָר תִּזְרָעֶ֑נּוּ Is 17:10 (2 acc.) e. הזרעים בדמעה בְּרִנָּה יִקְצֹ֑רוּ ψ 126:5 metaph. of distress followed by joy. f. אוֹר זָרֻעַ לַצַּדִּיק ψ 97:11 read prob. זָרַח, Vrss Ol Hu Bae Che al. Niph. be sown, fructified, Pf. 3 fs. וְנִזְרְעָה consec. Nu 5:28; 2 mpl. וְנִזְרַעְתֶּם consec. Ez 36:9; Impf. 3 ms. יִזָּרַע Na 1:14; יִזָּרֵ֑עַ Dt 21:4 Lv 11:37; 3 fs. תִּזָּרַע Dt 29:22;— 1. be sown: a. subj. אֶרֶץ, לֹא תִזּ׳ ולא תַּצְמִחַ Dt 29:22, cf. (of נַחַל אֵיתָן) לא יֵעָבֵד בּוֹ ולא יִזּ׳ Dt 21:4; in address to הָרֵי ישׂראל, וְנֶעֱבַדְתֶּם וְנִזְרַעְתֶּם Ez 36:9. b. subj. זֶרַע, זֶרַע זֵרוּעַ אשׁר יִזָּרֵעַ Lv 11:37 (P); fig. לֹא יִזּ׳ מִשִּׁמְךָ עוֹד Na 1:14 no more of thy name be sown, in judgment against Nineveh. 2. be fructified, made pregnant וְנִזְרְעָה זָ֑רַע Nu 5:28 (P; of woman). Pu. Pf. 3 pl. זֹרָ֑עוּ Is 40:24 of princes and judges under fig. of trees (‖ נִטָּ֑עוּ, שֹׁרֵשׁ בָּאָרֶץ גִּזְעָם). Hiph. Impf. 3 fs. תַּזְרִיעַ Lv 12:2; Pt. מַזְרִיעַ Gn 1:11, 12;— 1. produce seed, of herb, c. acc. cogn. Gn 1:11, 12; appar. denom. from זֶרַע; cf. Qal 2. 2. of a woman,=bear a child תַּזְרִיעַ וְיָֽלְדָה זָכָר Lv 12:2.

† גֶּ֫פֶן n.f. Ju 9:13 + (m. only Ho 10:1, perhaps infl. of יִשְׂרָאֵל, 2 K 4:39) vine (NH id., Arabic جَفْنٌ (Yemen), Assyrian gapnu, cf. ZehnpfundBAS i. 633; Aramaic גּוֹפַן, גֶּפֶן, ܓܦܶܬܳܐ, pl. ܓܘܽܦ̈ܢܶܐ )—ג׳ Gn 40:9 + 38 times (also cstr., as Nu 6:4 Dt 32:32 Is 16:8, 9), גָּ֑פֶן Ju 9:12 + 2 times; sf. גַּפְנִי Jo 1:7, גַּפְנְךָ Je 5:17, גַּפְנוֹ 1 K 5:5 + 3 times, גַּפְנָהּ Ho 2:14, גַּפְנָם Dt 32:32 + 2 times; pl. גְּפָנִים Ct 2:13 Hb 3:17—vine (always grape-bearing except 2 K 4:39) Gn 40:9, 10 (in dream) 49:11 Nu 20:5 Dt 8:8 Ju 9:12, 13 (in allegory) 1 K 5:5 2 K 18:31 = Is 36:16, ψ 78:47; 105:33 Ct 2:13; 6:11; 7:13 Is 7:23; 24:7; 32:12 Je 5:17; 8:13 Ho 2:14 Jo 1:7, 12; 2:22 Mi 4:4 Hb 3:17 Hg 2:19 Zc 2:10; 8:12 Mal 3:11; גֶּפֶן שָׂדֶה a vine bearing poisonous gourds 2 K 4:39; גֶּפֶן הַיַּיִן Nu 6:4 (cf. Gn 40:10 Ju 9:13) Ju 13:14; אֶשְׁכְּלוֹת הַגֶּפֶן Ct 7:9; עֵץ הַגֶּפֶן Ez 15:2, 6; in simile of stars fading away at Yahweh’s judgment Is 34:4; in simile of wicked losing early promise Jb 15:33; in simile of wife ψ 128:3; fig. of Israel ψ 80:9, 15 Ez 17:6(×2), 7, 8 Ho 10:1 cf. Ez 19:10, Je 2:21; 6:9; also Ho 14:8; fig. of Israel as easily destroyed Ez 15:2, 6; fig. of godless enemies of Israel Dt 32:32 cf. Di; גֶּפֶן שִׂבְמָה fig. for prosperity of Moab Is 16:8, 9 Je 48:32.—On the vine in Syria cf. AnderlindZPV 1888, 160 ff.

σπείρω, Aeolic dialect σπέρρωRefs: Ionic dialect imperfect σπείρεσκον Refs 5th c.BC+: future σπερῶ Refs 5th c.BC+; Aeolic dialect σπέρσω Refs 5th c.BC+: aorist ἔσπειρα Refs 5th c.BC+: perfect ἔσπαρκα Refs 2nd c.AD+:—middle, aorist infinitive σπείρασθαι Refs 3rd c.BC+; aorist 2 σπαρέσθαι uncertain reading in Refs 2nd c.AD+:—passive, future σπᾰρήσομαι LXX+1st c.BC+aorist ἐσπάρην [ᾰ] Refs 5th c.BC+: perfect ἔσπαρμαι Refs 5th c.BC+:— sow, __I sow seed, with accusative, [κέγχρους] Refs 8th c.BC+; of Cadmus, σ. γηγενῆ στάχυν Refs (so in middle, σπείρασθαι ὀδόντας Refs 3rd c.BC+: absolutely, sow, Refs 8th c.BC+; opposed to θερίζω, Refs 5th c.BC+; καρπὸν ὧν ἔσπειρε θερίζειν Refs 5th c.BC+; σ. κατὰ πετρῶν, i.e. εἰς πέλαγος Refs 2nd c.AD+ __I.2 engender, beget offspring Refs 5th c.BC+; οἱ σπείραντες the parents, Refs; ἄθυτα παλλακῶν σπέρματα σ. Refs 5th c.BC+:—passive, spring or be born, ὅθενπερ αὐτὸς ἐσπάρη Refs 5th c.BC+; πρὸ τοῦ Ζήνωνα.. σπαρῆναι before Z. was begotten, Refs 5th c.BC+ __I.3 scatter like seed, strew, χρυσὸν καὶ ἄργυρον Refs 5th c.BC+; of liquids, scatter or sprinkle, ἐκ τευχέων σ. δρόσον Refs 5th c.BC+; spread abroad, extend, σ. ἀγλαΐαν νάς ῳ Refs 5th c.BC+; spread rumour, σ. ματαίαν βάξιν Refs 5th c.BC+; μὴ σπεῖρε πολλοῖς τὸν παρόντα δαίμονα do not speak of it indiscriminately, Refs:—passive, to be scattered or dispersed, ἐσπαρμένος κατὰ.. πόλιν, of the ashes of Solon scattered over Salamis, Refs 5th c.BC+; of persons, ἐσπάρησαν καθ᾽ Ἑλλάδα Refs 5th c.BC+; κατὰ χώρανRefs 5th c.BC+ __II sow a field, νειόν Refs 8th c.BC+; γῆν, τέμενος, πεδιάδα, Refs 5th c.BC+; ἡ σπειρομένη Αἴγυπτος the arable part of Egypt, Refs 5th c.BC+, of lost labour, Refs 6th c.BC+ __II.2 of procreation, ματρὸς.. σ. ἄρουραν Refs 5th c.BC+; ἣν ἔσπειρε, i.e. his wife, Refs 4th c.AD+

† תְּבוּאָה n.f. proventus, product, revenue—תּ׳ abs. ψ 107:37 + 3 times; cstr. תְּבוּאַת Lv 23:39 + 11 times; sf. תְּבוּאָתִי Jb 31:12 Pr 8:19; תְּבוּאָתְךָ Dt 14:28 + 2 times; תְּבוּאָתֶ֑ךָ Pr 3:9; תְּבוּאָתוֹ Lv 19:25 + Ez 48:18 Qr (Kt תבואתה), תְּבוּאָתֹה Je 2:3; תְּבוּאָתָהּ Ex 23:10 + 7 times + Ez 48:18 Kt (so Co); תְּבוּאָתֵנוּ Lv 25:20; pl. תְּבוּאֹת Lv 25:15 + 4 times; תְּבוּאוֹת Pr 14:4; 16:8; תְּבוּאֹתֵיכֶם Je 12:13;— 1. product, yield, usually of earth (= crops, etc.) תּ׳ הָאָרֶץ Ex 23:10 Lv 19:25; 23:39; 25:3, 7 (used as food for man & beast, cf. v 22) Jos 5:12, cf. Ne 9:37 Lv 25:15, 16, also Ez 48:18; in Gn 47:24 בַּתּ׳ must = of the crops (בּ partitive, cf. בְּ I. 2. b.; 𝔊 del. בְּ); תּ׳ שָׂדֶה 2 K 8:6 2 Ch 31:5; תּ׳ כֶּרֶם Dt 22:9 cf. ψ 107:37; לֶחֶם תּ׳ הָאֲדָמָה Is 30:23; תּ׳ גֹּרֶן & תּ׳ יָ֑קֶב Nu 18:30; תּ׳ זֶרַע Dt 14:22; תּ׳ דָּגָן 2 Ch 32:28; as property of husbandmen, or people Lv 25:20 Dt 14:28; 16:15; 26:12 Pr 3:9; crops as determined by season, תּ׳ שָׁ֑מֶשׁ Dt 33:14 (‖ גֶּרֶשׁ יְרָחִים); yield of a year שָׁנָה Lv 25:12, 22; cf. v 21 עָשָׂה תּ׳, subj. שָׁנָה. 2. a. income, revenue, in general Jb 31:12 (almost = possessions) Pr 10:16; 14:4; 15:6; 16:8 Ec 5:9 cf. Is 23:3 (revenue of Tyre from trade with Egypt in bread stuffs). b. fig. gain of wisdom תּ׳ תָכְמָה Pr 13:14; 8:19; product of lips (תּ׳ שְׂפָתָיו) Pr 18:20, i.e. results of his speech (‖ פְּרִי פִי־אִישׁ); of Isr. as Yahweh’s product Je 2:3; of Israel’s wickedness Je 12:13.

† II. [קָצַר] vb. reap, harvest (NH id., also קָצִיר harvest; cf. Assyrian ḳaṣâru, join together, collect; v. DlPr 166 f. ZehnpfBAS i. 503 (not Syriac ܩܛܰܪ bind, Ethiopic ቈጸረ [ቈፀረ] constringere, v. NöZMG xl (1886), 735));— Qal Pf. 3 pl. קָצָ֑רוּ Je 12:13, etc.; Impf. 3 ms. יִקְצוֹר Is 17:5; Ec 11:4 + Pr 22:8 Kt (Qr יִקְצָר־); 3 mpl. יִקְצֹרוּן Ru 2:9, etc.; Imv. mpl. קִצְרוּ Ho 10:12 +; Inf. cstr. לִקְצֹר 1 S 8:12 +; sf. קֻצְרֶ֑ךָ Lv 23:22, קֻצְרְכֶם 19:9; 23:22; Pt. קוֹצֵר Je 9:21 +, etc.:—reap, c. acc. of crop: acc. cogn. קָצִיר 1 S 6:13; 8:12 (+ חָרַשׁ), Lv 19:9; 23:10, 22 (all H) Dt 24:19; acc. of grain Is 17:5 (fig.; ‖ אָסַף), Jb 24:6 (Qr; Kt vid. Hiph.), cf. Lv 25:5 (H), v 11 (P; + זָרַע), so (obj. om.) 2 K 19:29 = Is 37:30, Mi 6:15 (opp. זָרַע), Lv 19:9b; 23:22b; Ru 2:9; Ec 11:4 (+ זָרַע); obj. קֹצִים Je 12:13 (opp. זָרַע); Pt. = reaper Am 9:13 (+ חוֹרֵשׁ), Je 9:21 (sim.), ψ 129:7 (‖ מְעַמֵּר), + Is 17:5 (for קָצִיר, so BuhlLex 13 Marti); pl. 2 K 4:18; Ru 2:3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 14; fig. of reaping fruits of righteousness Ho 10:12 (+ זָרַע), of evil Ho 8:7 (both + זָרַע), 10:13 (+ חָרַשׁ), Jb 4:8 (+ חָרַשׁ, זָרַע), Pr 22:8; ψ 126:5 they that sow (זָרַע) in tears shall reap in joy. Hiph. Impf. יקצירו Jb 24:6 Kt (יִקְצ֑וֹרוּ, v. supr.).

ἀμπελ-ών, ῶνος, ὁ, vineyard, LXX+4th c.BC+; compare ἀμπελεών:—Diminutive ἀμπελ-ωνίδιον, τό, Refs 3rd c.BC+

θερίζω, Boeotian dialect infinitive θερίδδειν Refs 5th c.BC+: future Attic dialect -ιῶRefs 4th c.BC+: aorist ἐθέρισα Refs 5th c.BC+; poetry ἐθέρισσα Refs; later (subjunctive) ἐκθερίξω Refs —middle (see. below):—passive, aorist ἐθερίσθην: perfect τεθέρισμαι (see. below): (θέρος):—do summer-work, mow, reap, σῖτον, κριθάς, Refs 5th c.BC+: absolutely, harvest, Refs 5th c.BC+:— middle, καρπὸν Δηοῦς θερίσασθαι Refs 5th c.BC+:—passive, ἃ [δράγματα] ἔτυχεν.. τεθερισμένα Refs 5th c.BC+ __2 metaphorically, mow down, Ἄρη τὸν.. θερίζοντα βροτούς Refs 5th c.BC+; θ. Ἀσίαν to plunder it, Refs 1st c.AD+ __3 cut off, κεφαλὴν καὶ γλῶσσαν ἄκραν Refs 5th c.BC+ —passive, ἥτις [πῶλος].. θέρος θερισθῇ ξανθὸν αὐχένων ἄπο who had her crop of yellow mane cut off, Refs 5th c.BC+ __4 metaphorically, reap a good harvest, Refs 5th c.BC+; of bribes, Refs 4th c.AD+ __5 ὁ θερίζων (with or without λόγος), a logical fallacy, Refs 3rd c.BC+ __II intransitive, pass the summer, Refs 5th c.BC+

† נָתַשׁ vb. pull or pluck up, root out, especially in Je and later (Ecclus Impf. 3 fs. תנתש נטע 3:9; NH = BH; 𝔗 נְתַשׁ id.; Syriac ܢܬܰܫ tear off, away; Arabic نَتَشَ is loan-wd. Frä 137);— Qal Pf. 3 ms. וְנָתַשׁ consec. 1 K 14:15; 2 ms. נָתַשְׁתָּ ψ 9:7, etc.; Impf. 3 ms. sf. וַיִּתְּשֵׁם Dt 29:27; 1 s. אֶתּשׁ Je 12:14, אֶתּוֹשׁ 24:6; 42:10; Inf. abs. נָתוֹשׁ Je 12:17; cstr. לִנְתֿוֹשׁ Je 1:10; 18:7, לִנְתֹשׁ 31:28 (on תֿ v. Ges§ 45 g); sf. נָתְשִׁי 12:15; Pt. act. נֹתֵשׁ 45:4, sf. נֹתְשָׁם 12:14;—pull or pluck up, c. acc. Asherim Mi 5:13 (מִקִּרְבֶּ֑ךָ); especially of nation, וְנ׳ אֶת־יִשׂ׳ מֵעַל הָאֲדָמָה 1 K 14:15, so Dt 29:27; Je 12:14; 2 Ch 7:20; אֶתּשׁ מִתּוֹכָם Je 12:14; without מֵעַל וְגו׳ Je 12:15, 17; opp. נָטַע 45:4; obj. om. 24:6; 42:10 (both opp. נָטַע); so inf. abs. נָתוֹשׁ וְאַבֵּד 12:17; inf. cstr. לִנְתֿוֹשׁ Je 1:10 = 18:7 cf. 31:28 (v. נתץ Qal 2 a); once of cities עָרִים נ׳ ψ 9:7 thou hast uprooted cities. Niph. Impf. 3 ms. יִנָּתֵשׁ Je 31:40 it shall not be rooted up (‖ יֵהָרֵם, ref. to the city Jerus.); 3 fs. תִּנָּתֵשׁ Dn 11:4 of kingdom; 3 mpl. יִנָּֽתְשׁוּ מֵעַל אַדְמָתָם Am 9:15 (of Isr.; opp. נָטַע).—For יִנָּֽתְשׁוּ. Je 18:14 read יִנָּֽשְׁתוּ √ נשׁת q.v. Hoph. Impf. 3 fs. וַתֻּתַּשׁ Ez 19:12 and she was rooted up (of Isr., under fig. of vine).

γεωργ-ός, όν, (γῆ, ἔργον) tilling the ground, βοίδιον Refs 5th c.BC+; fertilizing, Νεῖλος Refs 4th c.AD+ —as substantive, γεωργός, ὁ, husbandman, Refs 5th c.BC+; οἱ γ., opposed to οἱ μισθαρνοῦντες, Refs 4th c.BC+; but γ., opposed to ὁ δεσπότης τοῦ χωρίου, Refs; so of vine-dressers, gardeners, etc., Refs 5th c.BC+; γ. ὄχλος the peasantry, Refs 1st c.BC+; γ. βίος probably in Refs 5th c.BC+

† עֵנָב n.m. Gn 40:11 grape(s) (on formation cf. LagBN 153);—ע׳ abs. Dt 32:14 (coll.); elsewhere pl. עֲנָבִים Gn 40:10 +; cstr. עִנְּבֵי (Ges§ 20 h) Lv 25:5; Dt 32:32; sf. עֲנָבֵמוֹ v 32;—grapes Gn 40:10, 11 (E), Am 9:13 (all as yielding juice for drink), Ho 9:10 (sim.), Is 5:2, 4 (parable), Je 8:13; Ne 13:15; Lv 25:5 (H); מִשְׁרַת ע׳ Nu 6:3 (P), poet. דַּם־ע׳ Gn 49:11; Dt 32:14; בִּכּוּרֵי ע׳ Nu 13:20, אֶשְׁכּוֹל ע׳ v 23 (JE); eaten Dt 23:25 so ע׳ לַחִים וִיבֵשִׁים Nu 6:3; אֲשִׁישֵׁי ע׳ Ho 3:1 raisin-cakes; ע׳ רוֹשׁ Dt 32:12 grapes of poison.

† [גָּזַז] vb. shear (NH id., Aramaic גְּזָז, ܓܰܙ; Arabic جَزَّ, Assyrian deriv.)— Qal Impf. וַיָּ֫גָז Jb 1:20; 2 ms. תָּגֹז Dt 15:19; Imv. 2 fs. גָּזִּ֫י Je 7:29, גֹּ֫זִּי Mi 1:16; Inf. cstr. גְּזֹז Gn 31:19 (E) 1 S 25:2, גֹּז Gn 38:13 (J); Pt.; גֹּזֵז 1 S 25:4; pl. גֹּזֲזִים 1 S 25:7 + 2 times; cstr. גֹּזֲזֵי Gn 38:12; sf. גֹּזֲזָי֑ 1 S 25:11, גֹּזֲזֶיהָ Is 53:7;—shear sheep (obj. צֹאן) Gn 31:19; 38:13; Dt 15:19 1 S 25:2, 4; cf. Pt. shearer (c. צאן) Gn 38:12, also גֹּזֲזֶיהָ (i.e. רָחֵל) Is 53:7; abs. = sheep-shearer, 1 S 25:7, 11 2 S 13:23, 24; obj. man’s head (ראשׁוֹ) Jb 1:20; of a woman’s (fig. of Israel) Mi 1:16 (no obj.; ‖ קרחי), (fig. of Jerusalem) Je 7:29 (obj. נֵזֶר q.v.) Niph. נָגוֹ֫זּוּ be cut off (= destroyed) of Assyrians Na 1:12.

† [קָצֵר] I. קָצַר (Ges§ 44 c Sta§ 384, 2) vb. be short (NH קָצֵר short, קִצֵּר, shorten; Arabic قَصَرَ shorten, قَ��ُرَ be short, c. عَن come short of; J.Aram קְצַר be short);—Qal Pf. 3 ms. קָצַר Is 28:20 Mi 2:7 (SS קְצַר from adj. קָצֵר); 3 fs. קָֽצְרָה Is 50:2; 59:1; Impf. 3 fs. תִּקְצַר Jb 21:4 +, 3 fpl. תִּקְצֹרְנָה Pr 10:27; Inf. abs. קָצוֹר Is 50:2; Pt. pass. fpl. קְצֻרוֹת Ez 42:5;—be short, of bed Is 28:20 (fig.), of לְשָׁכוֹת Ez 42:5; especially (fig.) of יַד י׳, i.e. be ineffective, powerless Nu 11:23 (JE), c. מִן comp. Is 50:2 (+ inf. abs.), 59:1; c. נֶפֶשׁ, רוּחַ, = be impatient (opp. [אָרַךְ] Hiph. 1 (c)): וַתִּק׳ נֶפֶשׁ הָעָם Nu 21:4b (JE), of utter discouragement, cf. (of רוּחַ) Jb 21:4; וַתִּק׳ נַפְשׁוֹ Ju 16:16 i.e. he was worn out (by importunity), so of proph. (representing י׳) Zc 11:8 (ב pers.) reach limit of patience with, endurance of; of י׳ Ju 10:16 (ב rei); ק׳ רוּחַ י׳ Mi 2:7 (v. supr.); ק׳ of time †Pr 10:27 (years of wicked). Pi. shorten Pf. 3 ms. קִצַּר יָמַי ψ 102:24. Hiph. id., Pf. 3 ms. הִקְצַרְתָּ יְמֵי וגו׳ ψ 89:46.

φῠτ-εύω, Refs 8th c.BC+, Epic dialect infinitive φυτευέμεν Refs 8th c.BC+; future εύσω Refs 5th c.BC+; aorist ἐφύτευσα Refs 8th c.BC+perfect πεφύτευκα, 3rd.pers. plural πεφύτευκαν LXX:—middle, future -εύσομαιRefs 5th c.BC+: aorist -ευσάμηνRefs 5th c.BC+:—passive, future -ευθήσομαιRefs: aorist ἐφυτεύθην Refs 5th c.BC+, poetry3rd.pers. plural φύτευθεν Refs 5th c.BC+: perfect πεφύτευμαι Refs 5th c.BC+: (φυτόν). __I with accusative of the thing planted, plant trees, especially fruit-trees, οὔτε φυτεύουσιν χερσὶν φυτὸν οὔτ᾽ ἀρόωσιν Refs 8th c.BC+; ὄρχους, ἀμπέλους, Refs 5th c.BC+; joined with σπείρω,NT+8th c.BC+; ἐν ἀφόρῳRefs 1st c.AD+:—middle, plant for oneself, Refs 5th c.BC+ — passive, δένδρα πεφυτευμένα, opposed to to those of spontaneous growth, Refs 4th c.BC+ __I.2 metaphorically, beget, engender, Refs 8th c.BC+; ὁ φυτεύσας alone, the father, Refs 5th c.BC+ (rarely of the mother, σὲ.. φύτευσεν Αἴθρα Ποσειδᾶνι Refs 5th c.BC+; οἱ φυτεύσαντες the parents, Refs 5th c.BC+:—passive, to be begotten, spring from parents, κείνων Refs 5th c.BC+ __I.3 generally, produce, bring about, cause, mostly of evils, ὅτι τοι κακὰ πολλὰ φυτεύει Refs 8th c.BC+; also in good sense, φ. γάμον, δόξαν, Refs 5th c.BC+:—passive, σὺν θεῷ φυτευθείς ὄλβος Refs 5th c.BC+ __I.4 implant in, τοῦθ᾽ ἡμῖν Refs 5th c.BC+ __I.5 set up, ἄγαλμα ἐν τῷ οἴκῳ Refs 4th c.AD+ __II less frequently with accusative of the ground planted, plant with fruit-trees, φ. γῆν Refs 5th c.BC+:—middle, ἀγρόν φ. Refs 5th c.BC+:—passive, γῆ πεφυτευμένη Refs 5th c.BC+; opposed to ψιλή, Refs 5th c.BC+, etc.; γεωργία καὶ ψιλὴ καὶ πεφ. Refs 4th c.BC+

† שָׁתַל vb. transplant (NH id.; Aramaic שְׁתַל, ܫܬܰܠ; Vulg.Ar. شَتْل plant, شَتْلَة slip, cutting, Dozy (loan-words?) Thes 1488; Assyrian šitlu appar. = shoot, slip);—Qal Pf. 1 s. שָׁתַ֫לְתִּי Ez 17:22; Impf. 1 s. sf. אֶשְׁתֳּלֶנּוּ v 23; Pt. pass. שָׁתוּל Je 17:8 = ψ 1:3, etc.(8 times);—transplant (poet.): tree or vine, c. ב loc., Ez 17:10, 23; 19:13 ψ 92:14; עַל־מַיִם Ez 19:10; Je 17:8; ‖ עַל־פַּלְגֵי מִיִם ψ 1:3, עַל־הַר Ez 17:22, אֶל־מַיִם v 8; לְצוֹר שְׁתוּלָה בְנָוֶה֑ Ho 9:13 is corrupt 𝔊 Che We Now (both in transl.) GASm Harper לָצַ֫יִד שָׁתוּ בָנָיו (or the like; somewhat differently Marti) Ephraim … for a prey have they set his sons.

ἄμπελος, ἡ, any climbing plant with tendrils, especially grape-vine, Vitis vinifera (ἄ. οἰνοφόροςRefs 1st c.AD+; ἄ.τῆς Ἴδης is a variety, V.see. apyrena, grape-currant, Refs 8th c.BC+; πυροὶ καὶ κριθαὶ καὶ ἄμπελοιRefs 8th c.BC+; ἄ. τὴν περὶ τὸ ἱερὸν κόπτοντες, in collective sense (compare ἵππος, ἡ), Refs 5th c.BC+; of wine, ἀμπέλου δρόσοςRefs 5th c.BC+ __2 ἄ. ἀγρία wild vine, Vitis silvestris, Refs 4th c.BC+ __3 ἄ. λευκή bryony, Bryonia cretica, Refs 1st c.AD+ white grape, Refs 4th c.BC+ __4 ἄ μέλαινα black bryony, Tamus communis, Refs 1st c.AD+ __5 ἄ. ποντία wrack, Fucus volubilis, Refs 4th c.BC+ __II vineyard, Refs 2nd c.AD+ __III engine for protecting besiegers, mantlet, Refs 2nd c.AD+ __IV measure of length, = Refs 2nd c.BC+ __V ={αἰγιαλός} (Cyren.), Refs 5th c.AD+

† I. חָרוּץ adj. sharp, diligent (on this and foll. v. BaNB 173)—חָרוּץ Is 28:27 + 11 times; pl. חֲרוּצִים Pr 10:4; 12:24; חֲרֻצִים Pr 13:4; חֲרֻצוֹת Am 1:3;— 1. sharp: of threshing instrument מוֹרָג ח׳ חָדָשׁ Is 41:15; without מ׳, as subst., 28:27 (where יוּדַשׁ); ח׳ הַבַּרְזֶל Am 1:3; Jb 41:22 (fig. of crocodile). 2. fig. diligent: as subst. Pr 21:5; opp. רְמִיָּה Pr 10:4; 12:24, 27; opp. עָצֵל Pr 13:4.—Dn 9:25 v. iv. חָרוּץ⁴" dir="rtl" >חרוץ.

† I. עֹ֫מֶר n.m. Lv 23:11 sheaf (swath, row of fallen grain, WetzstZ.f. Ethnol. 1873, 273 (Syriac Dreschtafel), ag. him VogelsteinLandwirthschaftinPal. 61 who trans. heap of sheaves);—ע׳ abs. Dt 24:19; Lv 23:11, 12, 15, cstr. v 10; fig. of food (abs.) Jb 24:10; pl. עֳמָרִים lit. Ru 2:7, 15.

† [שָׁרַשׁ] vb. denom. Pi. = deal with the roots;— 1. root up, out: Pf. 3 ms. sf. consec. וְשֵׁרֶשְׁךָ ψ 52:7 he shall root thee up from (מִן) the land of the living; of fire (burn) roots, root: Impf. 3 fs. תְּשָׁרֵשׁ בְּ Jb 31:12 fire (fig.) roots at all my increase. Pu. Impf. 3 mpl. יְשֹׁרָשׁוּ 31:8 be rooted up (of produce). 2. Poʿēl take root, establish oneself firmly: Pf. 3 ms. שֹׁרֵשׁ בָּאָרֶץ גִּזְעָם Is 40:24 (fig. of princes, etc.). Poʿal id.: Pf. 3 mpl. שֹׁרָ֔שׁוּ Je 12:2 (fig. of wicked). Hiph. id.: Impf. 3 ms. יַשְׁרֵשׁ Is 27:6 (fig. of Isr.); 3 fs. וַתַּשְׁרֵשׁ ψ 80:10 (id.; c. acc. cogn.); Pt. מַשְׁרִישׁ Jb 5:3 (fig. of pers.).

† אִכָּר n.m. Jo 1:11 ploughman, husbandman (Ar. أَكَّارٌ, Aramaic ܐܰܟܳܪܳܐ, אִיכָּרָא, cf. Mish.) א׳ sg. abs. Je 51:23 (+ וְצִמְדּוֹ) Am 5:16; pl. אִכָּרִים Je 14:4; 31:24(23) (‖ וְנָֽסְעוּ בָעֵדֶר) 2 Ch 26:10 (‖ כֹּרְמִים) Jo 1:11 (‖ id.), אִכָּרֵיכֶם Is 61:5 (‖ id.)

† בָּצִיר n.m. Lv 26:5 vintage (cf. בָּצַר)—בָּצִיר Lv 26:5 + 4 times + Zc 11:2 Qr (but read בצור Kt); cstr. בְּצִיר Ju 8:2; sf. בְּצִירֵךְ Je 48:32;—vintage, lit. Lv 26:5(×2) Ju 8:2 Is 32:10 Je 48:32; in simile Is 24:13 Mi 7:1; Zc 11:2 read בצור (Kt) and cf. sub בָּצַר.

† מַטָּע n.m. place, or act of planting; plantation;—abs. מ׳ Ez 34:29; cstr. מַטַּע Is 61:3; sf. מַטָּעוֹ Is 60:21 (Kt; Qr מַטָּעַי); מַטָּעָהּ Ez 17:7, also 31:4, but read מַטָּעֹה 𝔊 Hi Co Berthol Toy; pl. cstr. מַטָּעֵי Mi 1:6;— 1. planting-place, מַטָּעֵי כָ֑רֶם Mi 1:6 planting-place for a vineyard, so Ez 31:4 (read מַטָּעֹה, v. supr.); prob. also מ׳ לִשֵׁם 34:29 מ׳ שָׁלֹם 𝔊 Co Berthol Toy i.e. peaceful (fruitful) planting-place; cf. עֲרֻגוֹת מ׳ 17:7 = beds where it was planted. 2. act of planting נֵצֶר מ׳ Is 60:21 shoot of his (my) planting (fig. of people). 3. מ׳ י׳ Is 61:3 plantation of י׳ (id.).

ἐγκεντ-ρίζω, goad, spur on, LXX __II of plants, graft, Refs 4th c.BC+, etc.: metaphorically, NT+3rd c.AD+; of a Centaur, ὃν φύσις ἐνεκέντρισεν ἵππῳ Refs __III (κέντρον) concentrate, Refs 5th c.AD+ —passive Refs

† עוֹלֵלוֹת n.f.pl. intens. gleaning (going over a second time);—gleaning (of grapes and olives; לֶקֶט of grain), always fig. of remnant: abs. ע׳ Is 17:6 (‖ כְּנֹקֶף זַיִת), 24:13 (sim.; ‖ id., + בָּצִיר), Je 49:9 (cf. בֹּצְרִים v a) = Ob 5 (id.); cstr. עֹלְלֹת בָּצִיר Mi 7:1; fig. of warlike achievement עֹלְלוֹת אֶפְרַיִם Ju 8:2 (opp. בָּצִיר).

† [אֲלֻמָּה] n.f. sheaf, in Joseph’s dream Gn 37:7(×4) (E) sq. sf. אֲלֻמָּתִי, pl. אֲלֻמִּים, אֲלֻמֹּתֵיכֶם; also ψ 126:6 אֲלֻמֹּתָיו (in fig. of ret. from captivity).

† [כָּרַם] vb.denom. tend vineyards, dress vines, only Qal Pt. pl. vinedressers כֹּרְמִים 2 K 25:12 = Je 52:16 (‖ יֹגְבִים), Jo 1:11; 2 Ch 26:10 (both ‖ אִכָּרִים), כֹּרְמֵיכֶם Is 61:5 (‖ id.)

† [עָלַל] vb. denom. Pōʿ. glean (grapes or olives; לִקֵּט of grain);—Impf. 2 ms. תְּעוֹלֵל Lv 19:10 (obj. כֶּרֶם; ‖ תְּלַקֵּט), Dt 24:21 (abs., + אַחֲרֶיךָ); 3 mpl. fig. (+ Inf. abs.) עוֹלֵל יְעוֹלְלוּ כַגֶּפֶן שְׁאֵרִית יִשְׂרָאֵל Je 6:9; וַיְעֹלְלֻהוּ Ju 20:45 they made a gleaning of them (i.e. smote the fugitives).

† עִקֵּר vb. Pi. denom. (from עֵקֶר or other like word = (root-sinew), hamstring);—hamstring horses (on Arabic funeral usage, with camel and horse v. WeHeid. 2, 181). Pf. 3 ms. ע׳ Jos 11:9, Impf. 3 ms. וַיְעַקֵּר 2 S 8:4 = 1 Ch 18:4, 2 ms. תְּעַקֵּר Jos 11:6 all c. acc.; Pf. 3 mpl. עִקְּרוּ שׁוֹר Gn 49:6 they hamstrung an ox.

[קָטַף] vb. pluck off (twigs, etc.), or out (NH = BH; Arabic قَطَفَ pluck grapes; 𝔗 קְטַף, Syriac ܩܛܰܦ; cf. Assyrian ḳatâpu, appar. pluck off);— Qal Pf. 3 ms. קָטָ֑ף Ez 17:4 he [i.e. eagle, in fig.] plucked off twigs; 2 ms. וְקָטַפְתָּ֫ Dt 23:26 (ears of grain, בְּיָדֶ֑ךָ); Impf. 1 s. אֶקְטֹף Ez 17:22 (subj. י׳; acc. + מִן from); Pt. mpl. הַקֹּטְפִים Jb 30:4 they who pluck out the mallow. Niph. Impf. 3 ms. יִקָּטֵ֑ף Jb 8:12 it is not plucked off.

קִיצוֹן v. קצץ.

ἐκρῑζ-όω, root out, LXX+5th c.BC+:—passive, LXX+2nd c.AD+

† בֹ֫סֶר n.m. Is 18:5 unripe or sour grapes coll. (NH id., Aramaic בּוּסְרָא, ܒܶܣܽܪܬܳܐ (PS; syllable ܒܶ uncertain [Nes, privately]; Polyglotts and Castell have ܒܣܰܪܬܳܐ); Arabic بُسْرٌ unripe dates)—בֹּסֶר Is 18:5 + 3 times, בִּסְרוֹ Jb 15:33;—unripe grapes Is 18:5 Jb 15:33; sour g. Je 31:29, 30 Ez 18:2.

† [נֶ֫טַע] n.[m.] plantation, planting, plant;—abs. נָ֑טַע Jb 14:9; cstr. נְטַע Is 5:7; sf. נִטְעֵךְ Is 17:11; pl. cstr. נִטְעֵי Is 17:10;— 1. plantation Is 5:7 (fig. of Judah, planted by י׳); 17:10 (fig. of idolatry), so 2. act of planting Is 17:11. 3. plant Jb 14:9 (in sim.).

† [נָסַח] vb. pull or tear away (NH נָסַח, 𝔗 נְסַח both remove; Assyrian nasâḫu = BH, so Old Aramaic נסח Cook82 Lzb323; Arabic نَسَخَ annul, supersede, change by substitution, copy; cf. Assyrian nisḫu, nusḫu, extract, excerpt DlHWB 472 MeissnZA iv (1889), 267; NH נָסְחָה, Nab. נסחת id., also Aramaic נוסחא (whence Arabic نُسْخَةٌ) HoffmZMG xxxii. 760 cf. Frä251; Syriac ܢܣܰܚ copy);— Qal Impf. 3 ms. בֵּית גֵּאִים יִסַּח י׳ Pr 15:25 the house of proud men will י׳ tear down; וְיִסָּֽחֲךָ מֵאֹהֶל ψ 52:7 yea, he [י׳] shall tear thee away, without a tent; 3 mpl. יִסְּחוּ מִן Pr 2:22 transgressors shall (men) tear away from the land (read perhaps יִנָּֽסְחוּ shall be torn away; ‖ יִכָּרֵ֑תוּ; cf. Ges§ 144, 3 b.R DaSynt. § 108. b). Niph. Pf. 2 mpl. consec. וְנִסַּחְתֶּם מֵעַל הָאֲדָמָה Dt 28:63 and ye shall be torn away from off the land.

† II. סָפִיחַ n.[m.] growth from spilled kernels ((kernels) poured out, accidentally, in harvesting, according to most; BuhlLex 13 al. think of additional growth, √ I. ספח);—it is what springs up of itself in second year, and serves as food when no grain could be sown: abs. ס׳ 2 K 19:29 = Is 37:30; cstr. סְפִיחַ קְצִירְךָ Lv 25:5; sf. תִּקְצְרוּ אֶת־סְפִיחֶיהָ v 11.

† עָמִיר n.[m.] swath, row of fallen grain (hay, as Mishn., according to Vogelsteinl.c. 74f. (who is then compelled to read עֹמֶר Mi 4:12), cf. Syriac ܥܡܺܝܪ grass, SchwallyIdiot. 69);—Am 2:13 (on cart), Je 9:21 (falling behind reaper), Mi 4:12 (brought to threshing-floor), Zc 12:6 (inflammable).

διασπείρω, aorist 2 passive -εσπάρην [ᾰ] Refs 5th c.BC+:— scatter or spread about, [τὰς μνέας].. αὐτοχειρίῃ διέσπειρε τῇ στρατιῇ Refs 5th c.BC+; διέσπειρε ἡμέας ἄλλην ἄλλῃ τάξας dispersed us,Refs 5th c.BC+; squander, Refs 5th c.BC+:—passive, to be scattered, κρατὸς διασπαρέντος αἵματός θ᾽ ὁμοῦ Refs; of troops, διεσπαρμένοι Refs 5th c.BC+; φύσεις ὁμοίως διεσπαρμέναι equally distributed, Refs 5th c.BC+is dissipated, Refs 4th c.BC+; τὸ διεσπαρμένον δόγμα the current opinion, Refs 2nd c.AD+

στᾰφῠλ-ή, ἡ, bunch of grapes, σταφυλῇσι μέγα βρίθουσαν ἀλωήν NT+8th c.BC+; Πυρναίαις σ. Refs 3rd c.BC+; of ripe, fresh grapes, opposed to ὄμφαξ on the one hand, and σταφίς on the other, Refs 3rd c.BC+ __2 σ. ἀγρία,= μήλωθρον Refs 4th c.BC+ __II uvula when swollen at the end so as to resemble a grape on the stalk, Refs 5th c.BC+; of the uvula generally, Refs 2nd c.AD+; inflammation of the uvula, Refs 2nd c.AD+ __III paroxytone σταφύλη, plummet of a level, ἵπποι.. σταφύλῃ ἐπὶ νῶτον ἔϊσαι horses equal in height even by the level, matched to a nicety, Refs 8th c.BC+

τρῠγάω, (τρύγη): __I with accusative of the fruit gathered, gather in the fruit or crop, ἑτέρας [σταφυλὰς] τρυγόωσιν NT+8th c.BC+; σῦκα, σῖτον, Refs 5th c.BC+:— passive, Refs 5th c.BC+; of honey, Refs 2nd c.BC+; καθ᾽ ὥραν τετρυγημένοι (by death) Refs 2nd c.AD+ __I.2 absolutely, θερίζουσι καὶ σπείρουσι καὶ τρυγῶσι ταῖς γλώτταισι Refs 5th c.BC+ __II with accusative of that from which the fruit is gathered, gather or reap off the trees or ground, ὅτε τρυγόῳεν ἀλωήν (Epic dialect optative for τρυγῷεν) Refs 8th c.BC+ __II.2 proverbial, ἐρήμας τρυγᾶν (i.e. ἀμπέλους) strip unwatched vines, of one who is bold where there is nothing to fear, Refs 5th c.BC+ __II.3 metaphorically, with accusative person, strip one, i. e. rob him, Refs 2nd c.AD+: with accusative of things, rob, βίᾳ τρυγήσαντες τὸν περιστερεῶνα Refs 1st c.BC+

II. [זָמַר] vb. trim, prune (NH id.; relation to √ I. obscure)— Qal Impf. 2 ms. תִּזְמֹר Lv 25:3, 4 of pruning a vineyard (כֶּרֶם; H). Niph. Impf. יִזָּמֵר Is 5:6 be pruned, subj. כֶּרֶם (‖ יֵעָדֵר).

† מוֹרָג n.m. Is 41:15 threshing-sledge (NH id.; 𝔗 id., S. Arabic نَوْرَجٌ, نَيرٌجْ, Frä 133, cf. BaZA ii. 117 (loan-word in Arabic = ploughshare); mod. مَوْرَج Dozy ii. 623, and نَوْرَجٌ WetzstZ. für Ethnol. 1873, 270 ff., AnderlindZPV ix. 41 f. (ploughshare and harrow));—abs. מ׳ Is 41:15; pl. מֹרִגִּים 2 S 24:22 (+ כְּלֵי הַבָּקָר); מוֹרִגִּים 1 Ch 21:23;—threshing-sledges of Araunah, given by him to David for wood of sacrifice 2 S 24:22 = 1 Ch 21:23; fig. of Israel as instr. of י׳’s judgment Is 41:15. On form of threshing-sledge (mod.; slightly turned up in front, and set with sharp stones or pieces of iron), and threshing-rollers, v. BenzArch. 209 f. NowArch. i. 232 f. Dr Amos, 227 f.

θερ-ιστήρ, ῆρος, ὁ, mower, reaper, Refs 3rd c.BC+

πτύον [ῠ], τό, winnowing-shovel, fan, Refs 8th c.BC+:—πτέον is Attic dialect accusative to Refs 2nd c.AD+

† אָסִיף n.[m.] ingathering, harvest (on formation cf. LagBN 173 BaNB 136) חַג הָאָסִיף Ex 34:22 (J); ח׳ הָאָסִף Ex 23:16 (E)—both Cov’t codes.

† I. [אָרָה] vb. pluck, gather (Ethiopic አረየ )— Qal Pf. 1 s. אָרִיתִי Ct 5:1; 3 pl. sf. וְאָרוּהָ ψ 80:13 pluck (grapes from) vine ψ 80:13, myrrh Ct 5:1.

† I. [נִיר] vb. break up, freshly till;— Qal Imv. mpl. נִ֫ירוּ, c. acc. cogn. נִיר Ho 10:12 Je 4:3.

† [עָקַר] vb. denom. pluck or root up;— Qal Inf. cstr. לַעֲקוֹר c. acc. Ec 3:2 (opp. נָטַע). Niph. Impf. 3 fs. עֶקְרוֹן תֵּעָקֵר Zp 2:4 (word-play).

† I. שֹׂרֵק n.[m.] choice species of vine;—abs. שׂ׳ Is 5:2, שׂוֹ׳ Je 2:21 (both in fig.).

ἀμάω, __Bmostly Epic dialect in middle, draw, gather (compare ἐξ-, ἐπ-, καταμάομαι), ταλάροισιν ἀμησάμενοι [γάλα]Refs 8th c.BC+ —active, χερσὶν ἀμήσας κρατὸς ὕπερθε κόνιν, of a mourner, pouring dust on his head, Refs—poetical and later Prose. (Cl. Lithuanian sémti 'draw (water)'.)

ἀμπελουργ-ός, ὁ, vine-dresser, Refs 5th c.BC+; title of plays by Refs 4th c.BC+ and Alexis; compare ἀμπελοεργός.

γεωργ-έω, to be a husbandman, farmer, Refs 5th c.BC+; γεωργεῖς ἐκ τούτων you have become a landed proprietor by these means (i. e. the fruits of treason), Refs 4th c.BC+ of pastoral nomads, Refs 4th c.BC+ —middle, οἱ γεωργούμενοι Refs __II with accusative, till, plough, cultivate, πολλήν (i.e. γῆν) Refs 5th c.BC+; τὰς ἄλλας [νήσους] Refs 5th c.BC+:—passive, of land, Refs; χώρας γεγεωργημένης καὶ γεωργηθησομένης Refs; τὰ γεωργούμενα φυτά Refs 4th c.BC+ __II.2 generally, cultivate, ἐλαίαν Refs, produce it, Refs 2nd c.AD+ __II.3 metaphorically, work at a thing, practise or exploit it, Refs 4th c.BC+; cultivate, ψυχὰς δόγμασι Refs 1st c.AD+ __II.4 of a river, fertilize, Refs 2nd c.AD+

δέσμ-η, ἡ, package, bundle, Test. cited in Refs 4th c.BC+ __2 a measure in Egypt, φοινίκων Refs 2nd c.AD+ __2.b in Medicine, handful, Refs 2nd c.BC+

δια-σείω, shake violently, Refs 5th c.BC+; δ. τῇ οὐρᾷ to keep wagging the tail, Refs 5th c.BC+:—middle, shake people off, shake oneself free, Refs 1st c.BC+ __2 confound, throw into confusion, τὰ τῶν Ἀθηναίων φρονήματα Refs 5th c.BC+; intimidate, oppress, Refs; browbeat, Refs 2nd c.BC+; extort money by intimidation from a person, NT+2nd c.BC+:—passive, Refs 1st c.AD+ __3 of political affairs, throw into confusion, Refs 1st c.AD+ __4 stir up, in passive, Refs 5th c.AD+ __5 sound, take the measure of, Refs 1st c.AD+

ἔμφῠτος, ον, inborn, natural, ἔ. μαντικὴν εἶχε Refs 5th c.BC+; ἡ μὲν [ἰδέα] ἔ. οὖσα, ἐπιθυμία ἡδονῶν Refs 4th c.BC+; αἰσχροκέρδεια, πονηρία, LXX+4th c.BC+; ἔ. ἡ ἀρετή, opposed to διδακτός, Refs 5th c.BC+; οὐκ ἦν ταῦτα τοῖς Ἀθηναίοις πάτρια.. οὐδ᾽ ἔ. Refs 4th c.BC+. adverb -τωςRefs 1st c.AD+ __II planted, Χωρίον Refs 6th c.AD+; ἐλαῖαι Refs 2nd c.AD+ __II.2 implanted, λόγος NT

εὐφορ-έω, bear well, be productive, NT+5th c.BC+: with accusative, εὐ. σταφυλάς Refs 2nd c.AD+ __II of ships, have a prosperous voyage, Refs 2nd c.AD+

κηπουρ-ός, ὁ, οὖρος ) keeper of a garden, ὄφις Refs 3rd c.BC+ __II gardener, NT+5th c.BC+; title of play by Refs 4th c.BC+:—also κηπωρός, Refs 5th c.BC+

ὄλονθος, ὁ, (ἡ Refs 5th c.BC+, edible fruit of the wild fig, Refs 8th c.BC+ (ὁ φιλόσοφος) cited in LXX+5th c.BC+ __2 sterile summer fruit of the cultivated fig, Refs 2nd c.AD+ __3 sterile male inflorescence of the caprifig, breeding ψῆνες, which fertilize σῦκα, Refs 5th c.BC+

σινι-άζω, (σινίον) ={σήθω}, sift, winnow, NT+5th c.AD+

φῠτ-εία, ἡ, planting, Refs 5th c.BC+, etc.: plural, Refs 5th c.BC+ __2 generation, production, Refs 5th c.BC+ __II growth, habit of a plant, Refs 4th c.BC+ __III plantation or simply a plant, NT+4th c.BC+

ψώχω, (ψώω) rub small, ψ. τοὺς στάχυας ταῖς χερσί NT+1st c.AD+:—middle, Refs 2nd c.BC+

אדשׁ only inf. abs. אָדוֹשׁ v. דושׁ.

† בֹ֫סֶר n.m. Is 18:5 unripe or sour grapes coll. (NH id., Aramaic בּוּסְרָא, ܒܶܣܽܪܬܳܐ (PS; syllable ܒܶ uncertain [Nes, privately]; Polyglotts and Castell have ܒܣܰܪܬܳܐ); Arabic بُسْرٌ unripe dates)—בֹּסֶר Is 18:5 + 3 times, בִּסְרוֹ Jb 15:33;—unripe grapes Is 18:5 Jb 15:33; sour g. Je 31:29, 30 Ez 18:2.

† דַּ֫יִשׁ n.m. threshing, i.e. the process of threshing, Lv 26:5 (H) וְהִשִּׂיג לָכֶם ד׳ אֶת־בָּצִיר.

† חַרְצַנִּים n.m.pl. some insignificant vine-product, usually taken as grape-kernels, grapestones, from acrid taste, so Thes (after Onk Mishn.), v. also זָג p. 260 supr.: מִגֶּפֶן הַיַּיִן מֵח׳ וְעַד־זָג Nu 6:4 of the wine-vine, including both חרצנים and זג, he shall not eat.

† [יָגַב] vb. till, be husbandman, only Qal Pt. pl. לְכֹרְמִים וּלְיֹגְבִים Je 52:16 2 K 25:12 Qr (Kt גבים); v. גּוּב" dir="rtl" >גוב p. 155b supr.

† [לָקַשׁ] vb. only Pi. 3 mpl., prob. denom. from לֶקֶשׁ = take the aftermath, i.e. take everything (Wetzst in DeHiob 26, 6) (> Buhl ii. לקשׁ, cf. Arabic لَقَثَ schnell zusammenraffen [cf. Lane2668]);—despoil; וְכֶרֶם רָשָׁע יְלַקֵּֽשׁוּ׃ Jb 24:6 and the vineyard of the wicked (but read prob. עָשִׁיר the rich Bu Du) they despoil (‖ קָצַר).

† [מְדֻשָֿׁה] n.f. that which is threshed; sf. מְדֻשָֿׁתִי Is 21:10 (‖ בֶּן־גָּרְנִי) fig. in address to Israel by prophet.

† [מִזְרָע] n.[m.] place of sowing, seedland, only cstr. כֹּל מִזְרַע יְאוֹר Is 19:7 (‖ עָרוֹת יְאוֹר); > Du who tr. seed (cf. מאכל etc.) on acc. of foll. vb. נִדַּף.

† [נָטִיעַ] n.[m.] plant;—only pl. נְטִעִים ψ 144:12 (fig. of vigorous sons).

† I. [נָפָה] n.f. sieve or ther winnowing implement, Di Du Schwinge, CheHpt. fan (as swung);—only cstr. לַהֲנָפָה גוֹיִם בְּנָ֫פַת שָׁוְא Is 30:28 to swing nations in a sieve of worthlessness.

† I. [סֵעֵף] vb.Pi.denom. lop off boughs;—Pt. מְסָעֵף פֻּארָה Is 10:33 י׳ … shall lop off (the) crown of branches.

† [עִמֵּר] vb.Pi.denom. bind sheaves (NH id., so 𝔗 ψ 129:7, cf. ChrPal Aramaic SchwallyIdiot. 69);—Pt. מְעַמֵּר ψ 129:7 (in sim.; ‖ קוֹצֵר).

† [פֵּאֵר] vb. denom. Pi. go over the boughs;—Impf. 2 ms. תְּפָאֵר Dt 24:20 thou shalt not go over the boughs after thee (i.e. glean).

† [קָסַס] vb. Pōʿ. strip off (so context requires; verb otherwise unknown);—Impf. 3 ms. וְאֶת־פִּרְיָהּ יְקוֹסֵס Ez 17:9 and its fruit shall he not strip off?

† רַ֫חַת n.[f.] winnowing-shovel, or the like (√ unknown; Thes from רוח = ventilabrum, cf. NöZMG xl (1886), 728; Wetzst in De Is (2), 709 from רחה = رَخُوَ be soft, loose, friable, etc., cf. Köii. 1, 177; NH = BH, Arabic رَخْتٌ is prob. loan-wd. Nöl.c.);—זֹרֶה בָר׳ וּבַמִּזְרֶה Is 30:24.

† [שׁוּרָה] n.f. prob. row of olives or vines (so Du Buhl al.; cf. NH שׁוּרָה, JAram. שׁוּרְתָא row, whence mod. Arabic شورة as loan-word, cf. VogelstLandwirthschaft 41 f.);—pl. sf. שׁוּרֹתָם Jb 24:11 (al. ii. שׁוּר); Bu and Du del. sf.; here also Je 5:10 (reading שֻׁ׳) Du Buhl Dr, her (vine-)rows, but v. ii. שׁוּר.

† [שׁוּרָה] n.f. prob. row of olives or vines (so Du Buhl al.; cf. NH שׁוּרָה, JAram. שׁוּרְתָא row, whence mod. Arabic شورة as loan-word, cf. VogelstLandwirthschaft 41 f.);—pl. sf. שׁוּרֹתָם Jb 24:11 (al. ii. שׁוּר); Bu and Du del. sf.; here also Je 5:10 (reading שֻׁ׳) Du Buhl Dr, her (vine-)rows, but v. ii. שׁוּר.

II. [שָׂרֹק] n.[m.] vine-tendrils (or clusters) (from red colour?);—pl. sf. שְׂרוּקֶּיהָ Is 16:8.

† שֹׂרֵקָה n.f. choice vine;—Gn 49:11.

† [תָּזַז] vb. Hiph. strike away (𝔗 נְתַז (rare) spring forth; NH נִתֵּז spring, spurt, out; Hiph., Aph. cut off (head, etc.));—Pf. 3 ms. אֶת־הַנְּטִישׁוֹת הֵסִיר הֵתַ֑ז Is 18:5.