Reaping and Harvesting

† תְּבוּאָה n.f. proventus, product, revenue—תּ׳ abs. ψ 107:37 + 3 times; cstr. תְּבוּאַת Lv 23:39 + 11 times; sf. תְּבוּאָתִי Jb 31:12 Pr 8:19; תְּבוּאָתְךָ Dt 14:28 + 2 times; תְּבוּאָתֶ֑ךָ Pr 3:9; תְּבוּאָתוֹ Lv 19:25 + Ez 48:18 Qr (Kt תבואתה), תְּבוּאָתֹה Je 2:3; תְּבוּאָתָהּ Ex 23:10 + 7 times + Ez 48:18 Kt (so Co); תְּבוּאָתֵנוּ Lv 25:20; pl. תְּבוּאֹת Lv 25:15 + 4 times; תְּבוּאוֹת Pr 14:4; 16:8; תְּבוּאֹתֵיכֶם Je 12:13;— 1. product, yield, usually of earth (= crops, etc.) תּ׳ הָאָרֶץ Ex 23:10 Lv 19:25; 23:39; 25:3, 7 (used as food for man & beast, cf. v 22) Jos 5:12, cf. Ne 9:37 Lv 25:15, 16, also Ez 48:18; in Gn 47:24 בַּתּ׳ must = of the crops (בּ partitive, cf. בְּ I. 2. b.; 𝔊 del. בְּ); תּ׳ שָׂדֶה 2 K 8:6 2 Ch 31:5; תּ׳ כֶּרֶם Dt 22:9 cf. ψ 107:37; לֶחֶם תּ׳ הָאֲדָמָה Is 30:23; תּ׳ גֹּרֶן & תּ׳ יָ֑קֶב Nu 18:30; תּ׳ זֶרַע Dt 14:22; תּ׳ דָּגָן 2 Ch 32:28; as property of husbandmen, or people Lv 25:20 Dt 14:28; 16:15; 26:12 Pr 3:9; crops as determined by season, תּ׳ שָׁ֑מֶשׁ Dt 33:14 (‖ גֶּרֶשׁ יְרָחִים); yield of a year שָׁנָה Lv 25:12, 22; cf. v 21 עָשָׂה תּ׳, subj. שָׁנָה. 2. a. income, revenue, in general Jb 31:12 (almost = possessions) Pr 10:16; 14:4; 15:6; 16:8 Ec 5:9 cf. Is 23:3 (revenue of Tyre from trade with Egypt in bread stuffs). b. fig. gain of wisdom תּ׳ תָכְמָה Pr 13:14; 8:19; product of lips (תּ׳ שְׂפָתָיו) Pr 18:20, i.e. results of his speech (‖ פְּרִי פִי־אִישׁ); of Isr. as Yahweh’s product Je 2:3; of Israel’s wickedness Je 12:13.

† II. [קָצַר] vb. reap, harvest (NH id., also קָצִיר harvest; cf. Assyrian ḳaṣâru, join together, collect; v. DlPr 166 f. ZehnpfBAS i. 503 (not Syriac ܩܛܰܪ bind, Ethiopic ቈጸረ [ቈፀረ] constringere, v. NöZMG xl (1886), 735));— Qal Pf. 3 pl. קָצָ֑רוּ Je 12:13, etc.; Impf. 3 ms. יִקְצוֹר Is 17:5; Ec 11:4 + Pr 22:8 Kt (Qr יִקְצָר־); 3 mpl. יִקְצֹרוּן Ru 2:9, etc.; Imv. mpl. קִצְרוּ Ho 10:12 +; Inf. cstr. לִקְצֹר 1 S 8:12 +; sf. קֻצְרֶ֑ךָ Lv 23:22, קֻצְרְכֶם 19:9; 23:22; Pt. קוֹצֵר Je 9:21 +, etc.:—reap, c. acc. of crop: acc. cogn. קָצִיר 1 S 6:13; 8:12 (+ חָרַשׁ), Lv 19:9; 23:10, 22 (all H) Dt 24:19; acc. of grain Is 17:5 (fig.; ‖ אָסַף), Jb 24:6 (Qr; Kt vid. Hiph.), cf. Lv 25:5 (H), v 11 (P; + זָרַע), so (obj. om.) 2 K 19:29 = Is 37:30, Mi 6:15 (opp. זָרַע), Lv 19:9b; 23:22b; Ru 2:9; Ec 11:4 (+ זָרַע); obj. קֹצִים Je 12:13 (opp. זָרַע); Pt. = reaper Am 9:13 (+ חוֹרֵשׁ), Je 9:21 (sim.), ψ 129:7 (‖ מְעַמֵּר), + Is 17:5 (for קָצִיר, so BuhlLex 13 Marti); pl. 2 K 4:18; Ru 2:3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 14; fig. of reaping fruits of righteousness Ho 10:12 (+ זָרַע), of evil Ho 8:7 (both + זָרַע), 10:13 (+ חָרַשׁ), Jb 4:8 (+ חָרַשׁ, זָרַע), Pr 22:8; ψ 126:5 they that sow (זָרַע) in tears shall reap in joy. Hiph. Impf. יקצירו Jb 24:6 Kt (יִקְצ֑וֹרוּ, v. supr.).

θερίζω, Boeotian dialect infinitive θερίδδειν Refs 5th c.BC+: future Attic dialect -ιῶRefs 4th c.BC+: aorist ἐθέρισα Refs 5th c.BC+; poetry ἐθέρισσα Refs; later (subjunctive) ἐκθερίξω Refs —middle (see. below):—passive, aorist ἐθερίσθην: perfect τεθέρισμαι (see. below): (θέρος):—do summer-work, mow, reap, σῖτον, κριθάς, Refs 5th c.BC+: absolutely, harvest, Refs 5th c.BC+:— middle, καρπὸν Δηοῦς θερίσασθαι Refs 5th c.BC+:—passive, ἃ [δράγματα] ἔτυχεν.. τεθερισμένα Refs 5th c.BC+ __2 metaphorically, mow down, Ἄρη τὸν.. θερίζοντα βροτούς Refs 5th c.BC+; θ. Ἀσίαν to plunder it, Refs 1st c.AD+ __3 cut off, κεφαλὴν καὶ γλῶσσαν ἄκραν Refs 5th c.BC+ —passive, ἥτις [πῶλος].. θέρος θερισθῇ ξανθὸν αὐχένων ἄπο who had her crop of yellow mane cut off, Refs 5th c.BC+ __4 metaphorically, reap a good harvest, Refs 5th c.BC+; of bribes, Refs 4th c.AD+ __5 ὁ θερίζων (with or without λόγος), a logical fallacy, Refs 3rd c.BC+ __II intransitive, pass the summer, Refs 5th c.BC+

† [גָּזַז] vb. shear (NH id., Aramaic גְּזָז, ܓܰܙ; Arabic جَزَّ, Assyrian deriv.)— Qal Impf. וַיָּ֫גָז Jb 1:20; 2 ms. תָּגֹז Dt 15:19; Imv. 2 fs. גָּזִּ֫י Je 7:29, גֹּ֫זִּי Mi 1:16; Inf. cstr. גְּזֹז Gn 31:19 (E) 1 S 25:2, גֹּז Gn 38:13 (J); Pt.; גֹּזֵז 1 S 25:4; pl. גֹּזֲזִים 1 S 25:7 + 2 times; cstr. גֹּזֲזֵי Gn 38:12; sf. גֹּזֲזָי֑ 1 S 25:11, גֹּזֲזֶיהָ Is 53:7;—shear sheep (obj. צֹאן) Gn 31:19; 38:13; Dt 15:19 1 S 25:2, 4; cf. Pt. shearer (c. צאן) Gn 38:12, also גֹּזֲזֶיהָ (i.e. רָחֵל) Is 53:7; abs. = sheep-shearer, 1 S 25:7, 11 2 S 13:23, 24; obj. man’s head (ראשׁוֹ) Jb 1:20; of a woman’s (fig. of Israel) Mi 1:16 (no obj.; ‖ קרחי), (fig. of Jerusalem) Je 7:29 (obj. נֵזֶר q.v.) Niph. נָגוֹ֫זּוּ be cut off (= destroyed) of Assyrians Na 1:12.

† [קָצֵר] I. קָצַר (Ges§ 44 c Sta§ 384, 2) vb. be short (NH קָצֵר short, קִצֵּר, shorten; Arabic قَصَرَ shorten, قَ��ُرَ be short, c. عَن come short of; J.Aram קְצַר be short);—Qal Pf. 3 ms. קָצַר Is 28:20 Mi 2:7 (SS קְצַר from adj. קָצֵר); 3 fs. קָֽצְרָה Is 50:2; 59:1; Impf. 3 fs. תִּקְצַר Jb 21:4 +, 3 fpl. תִּקְצֹרְנָה Pr 10:27; Inf. abs. קָצוֹר Is 50:2; Pt. pass. fpl. קְצֻרוֹת Ez 42:5;—be short, of bed Is 28:20 (fig.), of לְשָׁכוֹת Ez 42:5; especially (fig.) of יַד י׳, i.e. be ineffective, powerless Nu 11:23 (JE), c. מִן comp. Is 50:2 (+ inf. abs.), 59:1; c. נֶפֶשׁ, רוּחַ, = be impatient (opp. [אָרַךְ] Hiph. 1 (c)): וַתִּק׳ נֶפֶשׁ הָעָם Nu 21:4b (JE), of utter discouragement, cf. (of רוּחַ) Jb 21:4; וַתִּק׳ נַפְשׁוֹ Ju 16:16 i.e. he was worn out (by importunity), so of proph. (representing י׳) Zc 11:8 (ב pers.) reach limit of patience with, endurance of; of י׳ Ju 10:16 (ב rei); ק׳ רוּחַ י׳ Mi 2:7 (v. supr.); ק׳ of time †Pr 10:27 (years of wicked). Pi. shorten Pf. 3 ms. קִצַּר יָמַי ψ 102:24. Hiph. id., Pf. 3 ms. הִקְצַרְתָּ יְמֵי וגו׳ ψ 89:46.

† I. חָרוּץ adj. sharp, diligent (on this and foll. v. BaNB 173)—חָרוּץ Is 28:27 + 11 times; pl. חֲרוּצִים Pr 10:4; 12:24; חֲרֻצִים Pr 13:4; חֲרֻצוֹת Am 1:3;— 1. sharp: of threshing instrument מוֹרָג ח׳ חָדָשׁ Is 41:15; without מ׳, as subst., 28:27 (where יוּדַשׁ); ח׳ הַבַּרְזֶל Am 1:3; Jb 41:22 (fig. of crocodile). 2. fig. diligent: as subst. Pr 21:5; opp. רְמִיָּה Pr 10:4; 12:24, 27; opp. עָצֵל Pr 13:4.—Dn 9:25 v. iv. חָרוּץ⁴" dir="rtl" >חרוץ.

† עוֹלֵלוֹת n.f.pl. intens. gleaning (going over a second time);—gleaning (of grapes and olives; לֶקֶט of grain), always fig. of remnant: abs. ע׳ Is 17:6 (‖ כְּנֹקֶף זַיִת), 24:13 (sim.; ‖ id., + בָּצִיר), Je 49:9 (cf. בֹּצְרִים v a) = Ob 5 (id.); cstr. עֹלְלֹת בָּצִיר Mi 7:1; fig. of warlike achievement עֹלְלוֹת אֶפְרַיִם Ju 8:2 (opp. בָּצִיר).

† [עָלַל] vb. denom. Pōʿ. glean (grapes or olives; לִקֵּט of grain);—Impf. 2 ms. תְּעוֹלֵל Lv 19:10 (obj. כֶּרֶם; ‖ תְּלַקֵּט), Dt 24:21 (abs., + אַחֲרֶיךָ); 3 mpl. fig. (+ Inf. abs.) עוֹלֵל יְעוֹלְלוּ כַגֶּפֶן שְׁאֵרִית יִשְׂרָאֵל Je 6:9; וַיְעֹלְלֻהוּ Ju 20:45 they made a gleaning of them (i.e. smote the fugitives).

[קָטַף] vb. pluck off (twigs, etc.), or out (NH = BH; Arabic قَطَفَ pluck grapes; 𝔗 קְטַף, Syriac ܩܛܰܦ; cf. Assyrian ḳatâpu, appar. pluck off);— Qal Pf. 3 ms. קָטָ֑ף Ez 17:4 he [i.e. eagle, in fig.] plucked off twigs; 2 ms. וְקָטַפְתָּ֫ Dt 23:26 (ears of grain, בְּיָדֶ֑ךָ); Impf. 1 s. אֶקְטֹף Ez 17:22 (subj. י׳; acc. + מִן from); Pt. mpl. הַקֹּטְפִים Jb 30:4 they who pluck out the mallow. Niph. Impf. 3 ms. יִקָּטֵ֑ף Jb 8:12 it is not plucked off.

† II. סָפִיחַ n.[m.] growth from spilled kernels ((kernels) poured out, accidentally, in harvesting, according to most; BuhlLex 13 al. think of additional growth, √ I. ספח);—it is what springs up of itself in second year, and serves as food when no grain could be sown: abs. ס׳ 2 K 19:29 = Is 37:30; cstr. סְפִיחַ קְצִירְךָ Lv 25:5; sf. תִּקְצְרוּ אֶת־סְפִיחֶיהָ v 11.

τρῠγάω, (τρύγη): __I with accusative of the fruit gathered, gather in the fruit or crop, ἑτέρας [σταφυλὰς] τρυγόωσιν NT+8th c.BC+; σῦκα, σῖτον, Refs 5th c.BC+:— passive, Refs 5th c.BC+; of honey, Refs 2nd c.BC+; καθ᾽ ὥραν τετρυγημένοι (by death) Refs 2nd c.AD+ __I.2 absolutely, θερίζουσι καὶ σπείρουσι καὶ τρυγῶσι ταῖς γλώτταισι Refs 5th c.BC+ __II with accusative of that from which the fruit is gathered, gather or reap off the trees or ground, ὅτε τρυγόῳεν ἀλωήν (Epic dialect optative for τρυγῷεν) Refs 8th c.BC+ __II.2 proverbial, ἐρήμας τρυγᾶν (i.e. ἀμπέλους) strip unwatched vines, of one who is bold where there is nothing to fear, Refs 5th c.BC+ __II.3 metaphorically, with accusative person, strip one, i. e. rob him, Refs 2nd c.AD+: with accusative of things, rob, βίᾳ τρυγήσαντες τὸν περιστερεῶνα Refs 1st c.BC+

† מוֹרָג n.m. Is 41:15 threshing-sledge (NH id.; 𝔗 id., S. Arabic نَوْرَجٌ, نَيرٌجْ, Frä 133, cf. BaZA ii. 117 (loan-word in Arabic = ploughshare); mod. مَوْرَج Dozy ii. 623, and نَوْرَجٌ WetzstZ. für Ethnol. 1873, 270 ff., AnderlindZPV ix. 41 f. (ploughshare and harrow));—abs. מ׳ Is 41:15; pl. מֹרִגִּים 2 S 24:22 (+ כְּלֵי הַבָּקָר); מוֹרִגִּים 1 Ch 21:23;—threshing-sledges of Araunah, given by him to David for wood of sacrifice 2 S 24:22 = 1 Ch 21:23; fig. of Israel as instr. of י׳’s judgment Is 41:15. On form of threshing-sledge (mod.; slightly turned up in front, and set with sharp stones or pieces of iron), and threshing-rollers, v. BenzArch. 209 f. NowArch. i. 232 f. Dr Amos, 227 f.

θερ-ιστήρ, ῆρος, ὁ, mower, reaper, Refs 3rd c.BC+

πτύον [ῠ], τό, winnowing-shovel, fan, Refs 8th c.BC+:—πτέον is Attic dialect accusative to Refs 2nd c.AD+

† אָסִיף n.[m.] ingathering, harvest (on formation cf. LagBN 173 BaNB 136) חַג הָאָסִיף Ex 34:22 (J); ח׳ הָאָסִף Ex 23:16 (E)—both Cov’t codes.

† I. [אָרָה] vb. pluck, gather (Ethiopic አረየ )— Qal Pf. 1 s. אָרִיתִי Ct 5:1; 3 pl. sf. וְאָרוּהָ ψ 80:13 pluck (grapes from) vine ψ 80:13, myrrh Ct 5:1.

ἀμάω, __Bmostly Epic dialect in middle, draw, gather (compare ἐξ-, ἐπ-, καταμάομαι), ταλάροισιν ἀμησάμενοι [γάλα]Refs 8th c.BC+ —active, χερσὶν ἀμήσας κρατὸς ὕπερθε κόνιν, of a mourner, pouring dust on his head, Refs—poetical and later Prose. (Cl. Lithuanian sémti 'draw (water)'.)

σινι-άζω, (σινίον) ={σήθω}, sift, winnow, NT+5th c.AD+

ψώχω, (ψώω) rub small, ψ. τοὺς στάχυας ταῖς χερσί NT+1st c.AD+:—middle, Refs 2nd c.BC+

אדשׁ only inf. abs. אָדוֹשׁ v. דושׁ.

† דַּ֫יִשׁ n.m. threshing, i.e. the process of threshing, Lv 26:5 (H) וְהִשִּׂיג לָכֶם ד׳ אֶת־בָּצִיר.

† [לָקַשׁ] vb. only Pi. 3 mpl., prob. denom. from לֶקֶשׁ = take the aftermath, i.e. take everything (Wetzst in DeHiob 26, 6) (> Buhl ii. לקשׁ, cf. Arabic لَقَثَ schnell zusammenraffen [cf. Lane2668]);—despoil; וְכֶרֶם רָשָׁע יְלַקֵּֽשׁוּ׃ Jb 24:6 and the vineyard of the wicked (but read prob. עָשִׁיר the rich Bu Du) they despoil (‖ קָצַר).

† [מְדֻשָֿׁה] n.f. that which is threshed; sf. מְדֻשָֿׁתִי Is 21:10 (‖ בֶּן־גָּרְנִי) fig. in address to Israel by prophet.

† I. [נָפָה] n.f. sieve or ther winnowing implement, Di Du Schwinge, CheHpt. fan (as swung);—only cstr. לַהֲנָפָה גוֹיִם בְּנָ֫פַת שָׁוְא Is 30:28 to swing nations in a sieve of worthlessness.

† [פֵּאֵר] vb. denom. Pi. go over the boughs;—Impf. 2 ms. תְּפָאֵר Dt 24:20 thou shalt not go over the boughs after thee (i.e. glean).

† רַ֫חַת n.[f.] winnowing-shovel, or the like (√ unknown; Thes from רוח = ventilabrum, cf. NöZMG xl (1886), 728; Wetzst in De Is (2), 709 from רחה = رَخُوَ be soft, loose, friable, etc., cf. Köii. 1, 177; NH = BH, Arabic رَخْتٌ is prob. loan-wd. Nöl.c.);—זֹרֶה בָר׳ וּבַמִּזְרֶה Is 30:24.