Sowing and Planting

† I. זָרַע vb. sow, scatter seed (NH id.; Assyrian zirû TPPrism vi. 15; Arabic زَرَعَ; Aramaic ܙܪܰܥ, זְרַע; Ethiopic ዘርአ: ዘርዐ: but in Sab. דֿרא DHMZMG 1883, 15 and in n.pr., Id. in MV10, pp. 242, 983)— Qal Pf. 3 ms. זָרַע Ju 6:3; 1 s. וְזָרַעְתִּ֫י Je 31:27; sf. וּזְרַעְתִּיהָ consec. Ho 2:25; 3 pl. זָֽרְעוּ Je 12:13; 2 mpl. זְרַעְתֶּם Hg 1:6; וּזְרַעְתֶּם consec. Gn 47:23 + 2 times; Impf. יִזְרָ֑ע Ec 11:4; וַיִּזְרַע Gn 26:12; sf. וַיִּזְרָעֶהָ Ju 9:45; 1 s. אֶזְרְעָה Jb 31:8; sf. וְאֶזְרָעֵם Zc 10:9, etc.; Imv. ms. זְרַע Ec 11:6; mpl. זִרְעוּ Ho 10:12 + 2 times; Inf. לִזְרֹעַ Is 28:24; Pt. act. זֹרֵעַ Is 55:10 + 3 times; זוֹרֵעַ Pr 22:8 Je 50:16, etc.; Pt. pass. sm. זָרֻעַ ψ 97:11 (but v. infr.); f. זְרוּעָה Je 2:2;— 1. lit. sow: a. abs. sow (seed), do one’s sowing Ju 6:3 Gn 26:12 (J), Is 28:24 (after ploughing חרשׁ); זִרְעוּ וקצרו ונטעו כרמים Is 37:30=2 K 19:29; ‖ קצר also Mi 6:15 Lv 25:11 (H), Ec 11:4: ‖ אסף Lv 25:20 (H); opp. אכל Jb 31:8; זֹרְעֵי על־כל־מים Is 32:20 (on cstr. cf. Ges§ 130, 1); c. את־השּׁנה הַשׁמינִת Lv 25:22; sq. הַרְבֵּה Hg 1:6 (opp. הָבֵא מְעָ֑ט). b. c. acc. of land אדמה Ex 23:10 (JE; ‖ אסף), Gn 47:23 (J); filed (שׂדה) Lv 25:3 (‖ אסף), cf. v 4 ψ 107:37; as pt. pass. אֶרֶץ לֹא וְרוּעָה Je 2:2 (‖ מִדְבָּר). c. c. acc. of seed ז׳ אֶת־זַרְעֲךָ Dt 11:10, cf. 22:9 Je 35:7 Lv 26:16 (H) Ec 11:6; sq. חִטִּים Je 12:13 (‖ קצר); cf. also בִּכּוּרֵי מַעֲשֶׂיךָ אשׁר תזרע בַּשָּׁדֶה Ex 23:16 (JE). d. sq. 2 acc. לֹא תזרע כַּרְמְךָ כִּלְאָ֑יִם Dt 22:9; cf. שָׂדְךָ לֹא תִזְרַע כִּלְאַיִם Lv 19:19 (H); זַרְעֲךָ אשׁר־תזרע את־האדמה Is 30:23; also of destroyed city וַיִּזְרָעֶהָ מֶ֑לַח Ju 9:45. e. pt. act. as subst. זוֹרֵעַ Je 50:16 (‖ תֹּפֵשׂ מַגָּל בְּעֵת קָציר); לַזֹּרֵעַ Is 55:10 (‖ לָאֹכֵל). 2. of shrub and tree producing, yielding seed, c. acc. cogn. Gn 1:29(×2) (P), cf. Hiph. 3. fig.: a. of Yahweh’s sowing (planting) Isr. in the land וזרעתיה לי בָארץ Ho 2:25 (We וזרעתיהו, obj. being Jezreel); on the other hand וְאֶזְרָעֵם בָּעַמִּים Zc 10:9. b. c. 2 acc., of Yahweh’s fructifying Isr. and Judah וזרעתי את־בית ישׂראל ואת־ב׳ יהודה זֶרַע אדם וזרע בהמה Je 31:27. c. of moral action, זִרְעוּ לָכֶם לִצְדָקָה Ho 10:12 (‖ קצר); ז׳צדקה Pr 11:18; אַל־תִּזְרְעוּ אֶל־קֹצִים Je 4:3 sow not in among thorns (said of a few righteous deeds amid much wickedness); especially of evil-doing רוּחַ יזרעו וְסוּפָתָה יִקְצֹ֑רוּ Ho 8:7; זֹרְעֵי עָמָל Jb 4:8 (‖ קצר); זוֹרֵעַ עַוְלָה יקצור־אָוֶן Pr 22:8. d. of Israel’s practising idolatry זְמֹרַת זָר תִּזְרָעֶ֑נּוּ Is 17:10 (2 acc.) e. הזרעים בדמעה בְּרִנָּה יִקְצֹ֑רוּ ψ 126:5 metaph. of distress followed by joy. f. אוֹר זָרֻעַ לַצַּדִּיק ψ 97:11 read prob. זָרַח, Vrss Ol Hu Bae Che al. Niph. be sown, fructified, Pf. 3 fs. וְנִזְרְעָה consec. Nu 5:28; 2 mpl. וְנִזְרַעְתֶּם consec. Ez 36:9; Impf. 3 ms. יִזָּרַע Na 1:14; יִזָּרֵ֑עַ Dt 21:4 Lv 11:37; 3 fs. תִּזָּרַע Dt 29:22;— 1. be sown: a. subj. אֶרֶץ, לֹא תִזּ׳ ולא תַּצְמִחַ Dt 29:22, cf. (of נַחַל אֵיתָן) לא יֵעָבֵד בּוֹ ולא יִזּ׳ Dt 21:4; in address to הָרֵי ישׂראל, וְנֶעֱבַדְתֶּם וְנִזְרַעְתֶּם Ez 36:9. b. subj. זֶרַע, זֶרַע זֵרוּעַ אשׁר יִזָּרֵעַ Lv 11:37 (P); fig. לֹא יִזּ׳ מִשִּׁמְךָ עוֹד Na 1:14 no more of thy name be sown, in judgment against Nineveh. 2. be fructified, made pregnant וְנִזְרְעָה זָ֑רַע Nu 5:28 (P; of woman). Pu. Pf. 3 pl. זֹרָ֑עוּ Is 40:24 of princes and judges under fig. of trees (‖ נִטָּ֑עוּ, שֹׁרֵשׁ בָּאָרֶץ גִּזְעָם). Hiph. Impf. 3 fs. תַּזְרִיעַ Lv 12:2; Pt. מַזְרִיעַ Gn 1:11, 12;— 1. produce seed, of herb, c. acc. cogn. Gn 1:11, 12; appar. denom. from זֶרַע; cf. Qal 2. 2. of a woman,=bear a child תַּזְרִיעַ וְיָֽלְדָה זָכָר Lv 12:2.

σπείρω, Aeolic dialect σπέρρωRefs: Ionic dialect imperfect σπείρεσκον Refs 5th c.BC+: future σπερῶ Refs 5th c.BC+; Aeolic dialect σπέρσω Refs 5th c.BC+: aorist ἔσπειρα Refs 5th c.BC+: perfect ἔσπαρκα Refs 2nd c.AD+:—middle, aorist infinitive σπείρασθαι Refs 3rd c.BC+; aorist 2 σπαρέσθαι uncertain reading in Refs 2nd c.AD+:—passive, future σπᾰρήσομαι LXX+1st c.BC+aorist ἐσπάρην [ᾰ] Refs 5th c.BC+: perfect ἔσπαρμαι Refs 5th c.BC+:— sow, __I sow seed, with accusative, [κέγχρους] Refs 8th c.BC+; of Cadmus, σ. γηγενῆ στάχυν Refs (so in middle, σπείρασθαι ὀδόντας Refs 3rd c.BC+: absolutely, sow, Refs 8th c.BC+; opposed to θερίζω, Refs 5th c.BC+; καρπὸν ὧν ἔσπειρε θερίζειν Refs 5th c.BC+; σ. κατὰ πετρῶν, i.e. εἰς πέλαγος Refs 2nd c.AD+ __I.2 engender, beget offspring Refs 5th c.BC+; οἱ σπείραντες the parents, Refs; ἄθυτα παλλακῶν σπέρματα σ. Refs 5th c.BC+:—passive, spring or be born, ὅθενπερ αὐτὸς ἐσπάρη Refs 5th c.BC+; πρὸ τοῦ Ζήνωνα.. σπαρῆναι before Z. was begotten, Refs 5th c.BC+ __I.3 scatter like seed, strew, χρυσὸν καὶ ἄργυρον Refs 5th c.BC+; of liquids, scatter or sprinkle, ἐκ τευχέων σ. δρόσον Refs 5th c.BC+; spread abroad, extend, σ. ἀγλαΐαν νάς ῳ Refs 5th c.BC+; spread rumour, σ. ματαίαν βάξιν Refs 5th c.BC+; μὴ σπεῖρε πολλοῖς τὸν παρόντα δαίμονα do not speak of it indiscriminately, Refs:—passive, to be scattered or dispersed, ἐσπαρμένος κατὰ.. πόλιν, of the ashes of Solon scattered over Salamis, Refs 5th c.BC+; of persons, ἐσπάρησαν καθ᾽ Ἑλλάδα Refs 5th c.BC+; κατὰ χώρανRefs 5th c.BC+ __II sow a field, νειόν Refs 8th c.BC+; γῆν, τέμενος, πεδιάδα, Refs 5th c.BC+; ἡ σπειρομένη Αἴγυπτος the arable part of Egypt, Refs 5th c.BC+, of lost labour, Refs 6th c.BC+ __II.2 of procreation, ματρὸς.. σ. ἄρουραν Refs 5th c.BC+; ἣν ἔσπειρε, i.e. his wife, Refs 4th c.AD+

ἐγκεντ-ρίζω, goad, spur on, LXX __II of plants, graft, Refs 4th c.BC+, etc.: metaphorically, NT+3rd c.AD+; of a Centaur, ὃν φύσις ἐνεκέντρισεν ἵππῳ Refs __III (κέντρον) concentrate, Refs 5th c.AD+ —passive Refs

διασπείρω, aorist 2 passive -εσπάρην [ᾰ] Refs 5th c.BC+:— scatter or spread about, [τὰς μνέας].. αὐτοχειρίῃ διέσπειρε τῇ στρατιῇ Refs 5th c.BC+; διέσπειρε ἡμέας ἄλλην ἄλλῃ τάξας dispersed us,Refs 5th c.BC+; squander, Refs 5th c.BC+:—passive, to be scattered, κρατὸς διασπαρέντος αἵματός θ᾽ ὁμοῦ Refs; of troops, διεσπαρμένοι Refs 5th c.BC+; φύσεις ὁμοίως διεσπαρμέναι equally distributed, Refs 5th c.BC+is dissipated, Refs 4th c.BC+; τὸ διεσπαρμένον δόγμα the current opinion, Refs 2nd c.AD+

II. [זָמַר] vb. trim, prune (NH id.; relation to √ I. obscure)— Qal Impf. 2 ms. תִּזְמֹר Lv 25:3, 4 of pruning a vineyard (כֶּרֶם; H). Niph. Impf. יִזָּמֵר Is 5:6 be pruned, subj. כֶּרֶם (‖ יֵעָדֵר).

† I. [נִיר] vb. break up, freshly till;— Qal Imv. mpl. נִ֫ירוּ, c. acc. cogn. נִיר Ho 10:12 Je 4:3.

εὐφορ-έω, bear well, be productive, NT+5th c.BC+: with accusative, εὐ. σταφυλάς Refs 2nd c.AD+ __II of ships, have a prosperous voyage, Refs 2nd c.AD+

† [מִזְרָע] n.[m.] place of sowing, seedland, only cstr. כֹּל מִזְרַע יְאוֹר Is 19:7 (‖ עָרוֹת יְאוֹר); > Du who tr. seed (cf. מאכל etc.) on acc. of foll. vb. נִדַּף.