Vineyard Cultivation

כֶּרֶם92 n.m. Dt 28:30 (f. Is 27, 2) vineyard (NH id.; Aramaic כַּרְמָא, ܟܰܪܡܳܐ; Zinj. כרם DHMSendsch. 58; Arabic كَرْمٌ, كَرْمَةٌ vine; Ethiopic ክርም: ከርም: vine; Jen ZA vii. (1892), 217 comp. Assyrian karânu, vine;—etym. dub.; Thes al. comp. Arabic كَرُمَ noble, generous, fertile, but precarious);—abs. כ׳ Ex 22:4 +, כָּ֑רֶם Gn 9:20 +; cstr. כֶּ֫רֶם 1 K 21:7 +; sf. כַּרְמִי Is 5:3 +, כַּרְמְךָ Ex 23:11 +, etc.; pl. כְּרָמִים Jos 24:13 +; cstr. כַּרְמֵי Am 5:1 + 2 times; sf. כְּרָמֵנוּ Ne 5:3 + 3 times; כַּרְמֵיכֶם Am 4:9 + 2 times, etc.;—vineyard Gn 9:20 (J), 1 K 21:1 + 9 times 1 K 21, Ct 2:15(×2) +; so even Ju 15:5 (where read כ׳ וזית; cf. GFM, who however doubts genuineness); + זַיִת Ex 23:11 (E) and often (v. זית); + שָׂדֶה Ex 22:4, 5 (E), and often; fig. of Isr. under י׳’s care Is 5:1 ff., cf. 3:14 Je 12:10; fig. of Shulamite’s complexion Ct 1:6, of her heart 8:12.—Vbs. governing כ׳ are:—נָטַע Gn 9:20 Am 5:11 + 16 times, cf. מַטָּעֵי כ׳ Mi 1:6; זָרַע Dt 22:9 (c. 2 acc.); חִלֵּל = begin to use fruit of, Dt 20:6(×2); 28:30 Je 31:5; זָמַר prune, Lv 25:3, 4; בָּצַר gather, harvest (lit. cut off, i.e. grapes, Lv 25:5, 11), Dt 24:21; Ju 9:27, cf. לִקֵּשׁ Jb 24:6; עוֹלֵל glean, Lv 19:10; Dt 24:21; אָכַל Jos 24:13 (usually ‘eat fruit of’ Is 65:21, etc.); locusts devour Am 4:9 (si vera l.) On n.pr.loc. אָבֵל כְּרָמִים v. ii. אָבֵל 4; בֵּית הַכֶּרֶם v. p. 111 b.

† גֶּ֫פֶן n.f. Ju 9:13 + (m. only Ho 10:1, perhaps infl. of יִשְׂרָאֵל, 2 K 4:39) vine (NH id., Arabic جَفْنٌ (Yemen), Assyrian gapnu, cf. ZehnpfundBAS i. 633; Aramaic גּוֹפַן, גֶּפֶן, ܓܦܶܬܳܐ, pl. ܓܘܽܦ̈ܢܶܐ )—ג׳ Gn 40:9 + 38 times (also cstr., as Nu 6:4 Dt 32:32 Is 16:8, 9), גָּ֑פֶן Ju 9:12 + 2 times; sf. גַּפְנִי Jo 1:7, גַּפְנְךָ Je 5:17, גַּפְנוֹ 1 K 5:5 + 3 times, גַּפְנָהּ Ho 2:14, גַּפְנָם Dt 32:32 + 2 times; pl. גְּפָנִים Ct 2:13 Hb 3:17—vine (always grape-bearing except 2 K 4:39) Gn 40:9, 10 (in dream) 49:11 Nu 20:5 Dt 8:8 Ju 9:12, 13 (in allegory) 1 K 5:5 2 K 18:31 = Is 36:16, ψ 78:47; 105:33 Ct 2:13; 6:11; 7:13 Is 7:23; 24:7; 32:12 Je 5:17; 8:13 Ho 2:14 Jo 1:7, 12; 2:22 Mi 4:4 Hb 3:17 Hg 2:19 Zc 2:10; 8:12 Mal 3:11; גֶּפֶן שָׂדֶה a vine bearing poisonous gourds 2 K 4:39; גֶּפֶן הַיַּיִן Nu 6:4 (cf. Gn 40:10 Ju 9:13) Ju 13:14; אֶשְׁכְּלוֹת הַגֶּפֶן Ct 7:9; עֵץ הַגֶּפֶן Ez 15:2, 6; in simile of stars fading away at Yahweh’s judgment Is 34:4; in simile of wicked losing early promise Jb 15:33; in simile of wife ψ 128:3; fig. of Israel ψ 80:9, 15 Ez 17:6(×2), 7, 8 Ho 10:1 cf. Ez 19:10, Je 2:21; 6:9; also Ho 14:8; fig. of Israel as easily destroyed Ez 15:2, 6; fig. of godless enemies of Israel Dt 32:32 cf. Di; גֶּפֶן שִׂבְמָה fig. for prosperity of Moab Is 16:8, 9 Je 48:32.—On the vine in Syria cf. AnderlindZPV 1888, 160 ff.

ἀμπελ-ών, ῶνος, ὁ, vineyard, LXX+4th c.BC+; compare ἀμπελεών:—Diminutive ἀμπελ-ωνίδιον, τό, Refs 3rd c.BC+

ἄμπελος, ἡ, any climbing plant with tendrils, especially grape-vine, Vitis vinifera (ἄ. οἰνοφόροςRefs 1st c.AD+; ἄ.τῆς Ἴδης is a variety, V.see. apyrena, grape-currant, Refs 8th c.BC+; πυροὶ καὶ κριθαὶ καὶ ἄμπελοιRefs 8th c.BC+; ἄ. τὴν περὶ τὸ ἱερὸν κόπτοντες, in collective sense (compare ἵππος, ἡ), Refs 5th c.BC+; of wine, ἀμπέλου δρόσοςRefs 5th c.BC+ __2 ἄ. ἀγρία wild vine, Vitis silvestris, Refs 4th c.BC+ __3 ἄ. λευκή bryony, Bryonia cretica, Refs 1st c.AD+ white grape, Refs 4th c.BC+ __4 ἄ μέλαινα black bryony, Tamus communis, Refs 1st c.AD+ __5 ἄ. ποντία wrack, Fucus volubilis, Refs 4th c.BC+ __II vineyard, Refs 2nd c.AD+ __III engine for protecting besiegers, mantlet, Refs 2nd c.AD+ __IV measure of length, = Refs 2nd c.BC+ __V ={αἰγιαλός} (Cyren.), Refs 5th c.AD+

† [כָּרַם] vb.denom. tend vineyards, dress vines, only Qal Pt. pl. vinedressers כֹּרְמִים 2 K 25:12 = Je 52:16 (‖ יֹגְבִים), Jo 1:11; 2 Ch 26:10 (both ‖ אִכָּרִים), כֹּרְמֵיכֶם Is 61:5 (‖ id.)

† I. שֹׂרֵק n.[m.] choice species of vine;—abs. שׂ׳ Is 5:2, שׂוֹ׳ Je 2:21 (both in fig.).

† [שׁוּרָה] n.f. prob. row of olives or vines (so Du Buhl al.; cf. NH שׁוּרָה, JAram. שׁוּרְתָא row, whence mod. Arabic شورة as loan-word, cf. VogelstLandwirthschaft 41 f.);—pl. sf. שׁוּרֹתָם Jb 24:11 (al. ii. שׁוּר); Bu and Du del. sf.; here also Je 5:10 (reading שֻׁ׳) Du Buhl Dr, her (vine-)rows, but v. ii. שׁוּר.

† [שׁוּרָה] n.f. prob. row of olives or vines (so Du Buhl al.; cf. NH שׁוּרָה, JAram. שׁוּרְתָא row, whence mod. Arabic شورة as loan-word, cf. VogelstLandwirthschaft 41 f.);—pl. sf. שׁוּרֹתָם Jb 24:11 (al. ii. שׁוּר); Bu and Du del. sf.; here also Je 5:10 (reading שֻׁ׳) Du Buhl Dr, her (vine-)rows, but v. ii. שׁוּר.

II. [שָׂרֹק] n.[m.] vine-tendrils (or clusters) (from red colour?);—pl. sf. שְׂרוּקֶּיהָ Is 16:8.

† שֹׂרֵקָה n.f. choice vine;—Gn 49:11.