Trouble, Hardship, Relief

שָׁלוֹם237 n.m. Is 54:13 completeness, soundness, welfare, peace (LagBN 174);—שׁ׳ Gn 29:6 +; שָׁלֹם (rare) Ez 13:16 +; cstr. שְׁלוֹם Gn 37:14 +; sf. שְׁלוֹמִי ψ 41:10 +, etc.; pl. (all dub.) שְׁלוֹמִים Je 13:19 ψ 69:23; sf. שְׁלֹמָיו 55:21;— †1. completeness in no., הָגְלָת שְׁלוֹמִים Je 13:19 Judah is wholly carried captive (but read גָּלוּת שְׁלֵמָה, cf. Am 1:6; so 𝔊 We Am SS Buhl). †2. safety, soundness, in body, אֵין שָׁלוֹם בַּעֲצָמַי ψ 38:4; לְשָׁלוֹם Is 38:17; שָׁלוֹם אָהֳלֶ֑ךָ (Ges§ 141 c) Jb 5:24 is safe, secure. 3. welfare, health, prosperity: †שָׁאַל לפ׳ לשׁ׳ ask one about welfare Gn 43:27 (J), Ex 18:7 (E), Ju 18:15 + 7 times, cf. 2 S 11:7(×3); pregn. ירד לשׁלום 2 K 10:13 descend (to ask) about welfare of, cf. 1 S 17:18 Je 38:4; הלך לשׁ׳ Ex 4:18 (E) + 5 times; עלה לשׁ׳ Gn 44:17 (J), 1 S 25:35; דבּר לשׁ׳ Gn 37:4 (JE); שָׁלוֹם ל׳ be well with Gn 29:6; 43:23, 28 (J), Ju 6:23; 19:20; 1 S 20:7, 21 + 10 times, 2 K 4:26(×3); שָׁלוֹם בְּ (יְהִי) ψ 122:7(8) be it well with; abs. as obj. of אָמַר well, be well, שׁ׳ Gn 29:6 (J), 2 S 18:28 2 K 9:11, 17, 18, 19, 22; Je 6:14(×2) + 10 times; הֲשָׁלוֹם אֲבִיכֶם Gn 43:27 (J) cp. 1 S 25:6; †שׁ׳ בּ(וֹ)אֶ֑ךָ 1 S 16:4 (v. Dr), 1 K 2:13; אֵין שׁ׳ Je 6:14 + 3 times; †אין שׁ׳ לרשׁעים Is 48:22; 57:21; but ראה שׁ׳ רשׁעים ψ 73:3; †רֹב שׁ׳ 37:11; 72:7; שׁאל שׁ׳ פ׳ 122:6; דרשׁ שׁ׳ (‖ טוב) Dt 23:7; Ezr 9:12; שׁ׳ יוֹסִיפוּ לָךְ Pr 3:2; בַּשּׁ׳ Jb 15:21 in time of prosperity. 4. peace, quiet, tranquillity, contentment, Is 32:17 (‖ הַשְׁקֵט וָבֶטַח); שָׁכַב בשׁ׳ ψ 4:9 (to sleep); depart life בְּשׁ׳ in tranquillity Gn 15:15 (Rje), 1 K 2:6 + 3 times, יָבוֹא Is 57:2; אַחֲרִית לְאִישׁ שׁ׳ ψ 37:37; בא בשׁ׳ Ex 18:23 (E) come in contentment; ארץ שׁ׳ Je 12:5; נְוֵה שׁ׳ (‖ מבטחים) Is 32:18, cf. Je 25:37; שׁ׳ מִפָּ֑חַד Jb 21:9, cf. Zc 8:10; ולשׁלומים לְמוֹקֵשׁ ψ 69:23 and let security become a trap (but 𝔊 Aq Sym Theod Jer וּלְמ׳ וּכְשִׁלּוּמִים, Du (cf. 𝔗) וּשְׁלָמִים peace-offerings, and שֻׁלְחָן va). †5. peace, friendship: a. human relations: אֱנוֹשׁ שְׁלֹמִי Je 20:10 man of my friendship, cf. 38:22 Ob 7 ψ 41:10; עֲצַת שׁ׳ בין Zc 6:13; יֹעֲצֵי שׁ׳ Pr 12:20; (אֵת, עִם) דבּר שׁ׳ ψ 28:3; 35:20 Je 9:7; בקּשׁ שׁ׳ ψ 34:15; ידע שׁ׳ Is 59:8; דֶּרֶךְ שׁ׳ v 8; שׁלּח בשׁ׳ Gn 26:29 (J); הלך בשׁ׳ v 31 (J), 1 S 29:7 + 4 times; שׁוב בשׁ׳ 2 S 15:27; ‖ צדקה in Mess. reign ψ 72:3. b. peace with God, especially in covt. relation: Is 54:10 ברית covt. of my peace, cf. Nu 25:12 (P), Ez 34:25; 37:26, also Mal 2:5; י׳ שׁ׳ as name of altar Ju 6:24; י׳ subj. שָׂם שׁ׳ לְ Nu 6:26 (P); בֵּרַךְ בשׁ׳ ψ 29:11; חפץ שׁ׳ 35:27; עשׂה שׁ׳ לְ Je 33:9; אָסַף שׁ׳ מֵאֵת Je 16:5 (‖ חסד); דבּר שׁ׳ אֶל ψ 85:9; נתן שׁ׳ Hg 2:9; מחשׁבות שׁ׳ Je 29:11; man subj. עשׂה שׁ׳ ל׳ Is 27:5(×2); הלך בשׁ׳ Mal 2:6. In this sense ‖ צֶדֶק ψ 85:11, ‖ צְדָקָה Is 54:13; 60:17, ‖ שִׂמְחָה 55:12, is like a river 48:18; 66:12; שׁ׳ עַל־ישׂראל ψ 125:5; 128:6, שׁ׳ רָב לְאֹהֲבֵי תוֹרָתֶ֑ךָ 119:165; מוּסַר שׁ׳ Is 53:5 chastisement for our peace (but SS Buhl שִׁלֻּמֵינוּ). 6. peace from war: (ל) עשׂה שׁ׳ make peace (with) Jos 9:15; Jb 25:2; נתן שׁ׳ בארץ Lv 26:6 (H); †שׁ׳ בין ובין Ju 4:17; 1 S 7:14; 1 K 5:26; †קרא (ל)שׁ׳ Dt 20:10; Ju 21:13; Mi 3:5; †שׁוב בשׁ׳ Jos 10:21; Ju 8:9; 11:31 (cf. v 13); בא בשׁ׳ 2 S 19:25, 31 + 7 times; †היה שׁ׳ לְ 1 K 5:4 + 3 times, cf. 2 S 17:3 (v. Dr); בקּשׁ שׁ׳ Ez 7:25; מלאכי שׁ׳ Is 33:7; נתן שׁ׳ וָשֶׁקֶט 1 Ch 22:9; מוֹצְאֵת שׁ׳ Ct 8:10; †שׁ׳(ו)אמת Is 39:8 = 2 K 20:19 + 3 times, cf. Zc 8:19; עֵת שׁ׳ Ec 3:8; בְּשׁ׳ 1 K 2:5 in time of peace; שַׂר שׁ׳ Is 9:5 (Mess. title), cf. זֶה שׁ׳ Mi 5:4. 7. as adj. שְׁלֹמָיו ψ 55:21 those at peace with him (read שֹֽׁלְמָיו Bae Buhl Du, or שְׁלֵמָיו SS; 𝔊 appar. שִׁלּוּמָיו).

חָנָה143 vb. decline, bend down, encamp (Aramaic ܚܢܳܐ to aim at, incline towards, reach; Zinj. מחנת cstr. camp, Inscr. Panammu13, 16, 17; Arabic حَنَا bend, curve, bend down; Assyrian mûnu, mênu and tênû couch, mânîtu, house, ZimBP 44, 45 Dl in Zim117)— Qal Pf. חָנָה 1 S 26:5 Is 29:1; וְחָנִ֫יתִי consec. Is 29:3 Zc 9:8; חָנוּ Nu 2:34 + 2 times; וְחָנוּ consec. Nu 1:52; Impf. וַיִּחַן Gn 26:17 + 9 times; 3 fs. תַּחֲנֶה ψ 27:3; יַחֲנוּ Nu 1:50 + 13 times Nu + Ex 14:2: וַיַּחֲנוּ Ex 13:20 + 79 times (of which 42 in Nu 33); וַיַּחֲנוּן Ju 11:18; 2 mpl. תַּחֲנוּ Ex 14:2; 1 pl. וַנַּחֲנֶה Ezr 8:15; Imv. חֲנֵה 2 S 12:28; חֲנוּ Nu 31:19; Je 50:29; Inf. חֲנוֹת Ju 19:9; חֲנֹת Nu 1:51; sf. חֲנֹתֵנוּ Nu 10:31; חֲנֹתְכֶם Dt 1:33; Pt. חֹנֶה Ex 18:5 ψ 34:8; f. חֹנָה 2 S 23:13; 1 Ch 11:15; הֹנָ֑ךְ ψ 53:6; pl. חֹנִים Ex 14:9 + 11 times; חוֹנִים Nu 2:2; Na 3:17;— 1. decline, of day drawing to its close חֲנוֹת הַיּוֹם Ju 19:9 (‖ רָפָה הַיּ׳ לַעֲרוֹב; also נְטוֹת הַיּ׳ v 8; הַיּוֹם רַד מְאֹד v 11). 2. encamp (proposes verge toward, incline to, settle at, of goal of day’s march):— a. of single nomad Gn 26:17 (J; sq. ב), 33:18 (E; sq. אֶת־פני). b. of Israel at Exod. and in wilderness Ex 13:20 (ב) 14:2 (לִפְנֵי), v 2 (עַל), + c. 80 times (Hex chiefly P); also (abs.) Nu 9:18, 20, 22, 23 cf. Ezr 8:15; Ne 11:30 so they encamped (i.e. settled, or were settled) from Beersheba to the valley of Hinnom (‖ ישׁבו v 25). c. of armies: (1) Israel (conquering Cannan, etc.) Jos 4:19; 5:10 + often; (2) Philistines 1 S 4:1; 13:16; 2 S 23:23 +; usually sq. ב loc. Nu 10:31; 1 S 4:1; 13:16 Jos 4:19; 1 S 13:5 + 63 times (וַיַּחֲנוּ בְ 2 S 24:5 read וַיָּחֵלּוּ מִן 𝔊L We Dr v. חלל); so of locusts in hedges (in sim.) Na 3:17; also sq. עַל = by, near Ex 14:2, 9; 15:27; Nu 1:52; 2:2, 5, 12, 27; 3:29; 35 (על ירך), 33:10; Ju 7:1; 1 S 4:1; על־פני השׂדה (על in diff. sense) 2 S 11:11; sq. עַל also = against, encamp with hostile purpose Jos 10:5, 31, 34 Ju 6:4; 20:19 1 S 11:1; 2 S 12:28; 1 K 16:15; 2 K 25:1; 2 Ch 32:1; Je 50:29; 52:4 ψ 27:3; sq. אֶל־ in same sense Jos 11:5; metaph. of God’s hostility to apostate Jerusalem (על) Is 29:3; sq. also לְ = at, by Nu 2:34; Zc 9:8; אשׁר … שָׁם Ex 18:5; 1 S 26:5; sq. סביב לְ for protection Nu 1:50, 53, cf. metaph. ψ 34:8, but also hostility Jb 19:12; also sq. other prep. and prep. phrases, e.g. מֵעֵבֶר Nu 21:13; מחוץ Nu 31:19; בין 1 S 17:1; נגד 1 K 20:27 etc.; sq. acc. loc. 2 S 17:26; sq. sf. acc. with hostile sense הֹנָ֑ךְ ψ 53:6; without prep. or noun foll., in sense of encamp, be or abide in encampment Nu 9:18, 20, 22, 23; Ezr 8:15; 2 S 11:11 +; poet. of David in Jerusalem, Is 29:1 city in which David fixed his camp.

[שָׁלֵם103] vb. be complete, sound (NH id. (Jastr), Ph. שלם Pi. complete, requite, especially in n.pr., Lzb 376 GACooke 99, also 81, 111, etc.; Arabic سَلِمَ be safe, secure, free from fault, ii. make over, resign to, iv. resign or submit oneself, especially to God, whence ptcp. Muslim, and inf. Islām, proposes submission to God; Assyrian šalâmu, be complete, unharmed, be paid; Aramaic שְׁלֵים, ܫܠܶܡ be complete, safe, 𝔗 peaceful; O Aramaic שלם reward, repay (Pa; in n.pr.); cf. Sab. סלם peace HomChr 124, Arabic سِلْمٌ, also سَلَامٌ safety, security; Assyrian šulmu, welfare; Ethiopic ሰላም Di 322 security, peace; Aramaic שְׁלָמָא, ܫܠܳܡܳܐ security, welfare, O Aramaic שלם Lzb 376, especially = submission, in n.pr. RSSem. 79 f.; Bondi 70 (after Brugsch), cp. šarmā, greet, do homage, as loan-word in Egyptian);— Qal Pf. 3 pl. שָֽׁלְמוּ Is 60:20; Impf. 3 ms. וַיִּשְׁלָ֑ם Jb 9:4; f. תִּשְׁלַם 1 K 7:51 + 2 times;— 1. be complete, finished, ended: temple 1 K 7:51 = 2 Ch 5:1; walls of city Ne 6:15; of time Is 60:20. 2. be sound, uninjured, Jb 9:4. Pi.89 Pf. 3 ms. שִׁלַּם Lv 5:24 +, 1 s. וְשִׁלַּמְתּ֫י Je 16:18 +, etc.; Impf. 3 ms. יְשַׁלֵּם Ex 21:34 +; sf. יְשַׁלְּמֶ֑נָּה Lv 24:18 +, etc.; Imv. ms. שַׁלֵּם Ec 5:3 ψ 50:14, etc.; Inf. abs. שַׁלֵּם Ex 21:36 +; cstr. id. Pr 22:27, etc.; Pt. מְשַׁלֵּם Dt 7:10 +, etc.;— †1. complete, finish, temple 1 K 9:25. †2. make safe, c. acc. Jb 8:6. 3. make whole or good, restore thing lost Jo 2:25, or stolen Ex 21:37 (E); pay a debt 2 K 4:7 ψ 37:21 Pr 22:27; Jb 41:3; make compensation, for injury Lv 24:18, 21 (P); for trespass in sacred things 5:16 (P). 4. make good, i.e. pay, vows, c. acc. נֶדֶר Dt 23:22; 2 S 15:7 + 9 times, + (c. ל to God) ψ 50:14; 66:13; 116:14, 18; obj. om. 76:12; abs. Is 19:21; c. acc. תּוֹדוֹת c. ל to God ψ 56:13; פרים שׂפתינו Ho 14:3 (v. p. 830b). 5. requite, recompense, reward, good 1 S 24:20; Ru 2:12; evil Is 65:6; Je 51:56; c. ל pers. Dt 7:10 + 4 times, + (c. acc. rei) Je 51:24; אל pers. Jb 21:19; acc. rei Pr 20:22; Je 16:18; שִׁלַּם גְּמוּל לְ Is 59:18(×2), (but v. i. שִׁלֵּם), 66:6 + (v. גְּמוּל); †שׁ׳ פֹּעַל לְ Jb 34:11; שׁ׳ גְּמוּל עַל Jo 4:4; עַל חֵיק Is 65:6; אֶל־חֵיק Je 32:18; †c. ל pers. and כ of deeds, שׁ׳ reward according to one’s works 2 S 3:39 + 3 times; acc. pers. ψ 31:24; acc. rei †שׁ׳ רעה תחת טובה Gn 44:4 (J) ψ 35:12; 38:21 (read מְשַׁלְּמֵנִי). Pu. Impf. 3 ms. יְשֻׁלַּם ψ 65:2 Je 18:20; יְשֻׁלָּ֑ם Pr 11:31; 13:13;— 1. be performed, of vow ψ 65:2. 2. be repaid, requited, Je 18:20; Pr 11:31; 13:13. Hiph. 1. complete, perform: Impf. 3 ms. יַשְׁלִים Jb 23:14; Is 44:26, יַשְׁלִם v 28. 2. make an end of, 2 ms. sf. תַּשְׁלִימֵנִי Is 38:12, 13 (𝔊 Du Marti deliver up to pains, as in Aramaic).

εἰρήν-η (see. below), ἡ, peace, Refs 8th c.BC+; ἐπ᾽ εἰρήνης in time of peace, Refs 8th c.BC+; εἰ. τἀκεῖθεν τέκνοις on that side they have peace, have naught to fear, Refs 5th c.BC+; εἰ. γίγνεται peace is made, Refs 5th c.BC+: hence later, a peace, treaty of peace, ἡ βασιλέως εἰ. Refs; εἰ. ποιεῖν 'Αρμενίοις καὶ Χαλδαίοις make peace between.., Refs 5th c.BC+; εἰ. κατεργάζεσθαι, πράττειν, Refs 5th c.BC+; εἰρήνην δέχεσθαι to accept it,Refs 5th c.BC+; εἰ. ἄγειν keep peace, be at peace, Refs 5th c.BC+; εἰ. ἄγειν (variant{ἔχειν}) enjoy peace, Refs 5th c.BC+; λύειν break it, Refs 4th c.BC+; πολλὴ εἰ. τινὸς γίγνεται profound peace, Refs 5th c.BC+; ἐν εἰρήνῃ λέγειν, τὸν βίον διάγειν, Refs; πόλεμον εἰρήνης χάριν [αἱρεῖσθαι] Refs 4th c.BC+; εἰρήνης ἄρξας, ={εἰρηναρχήσας}, Refs __II the goddess of peace, daughter of Zeus and Themis, Refs 8th c.BC+ __III Refs 4th c.BC+ name for three, Refs; for six, Refs __IV Hebraism in Refs greet a person, inquire after their health, LXX; ἐρ. τινὰ τὰ εἰς εἰLXX; in salutations, εἰ. σο; NT+4th c.BC+; compare Boeotian dialect πολέμω καἰράνας Refs; εἰρήνα Pi.[same place], B.[same place], Refs 4th c.BC+

שֶׁ֫לֶם87 n.[m.] sacrifice for alliance or friendship, ‘peace-offering’ (expl. disputed: orig. sacrif. for alliance Di; al. peace-offering (mark of peace with God), 𝔊Sm K Pr εἰρηνική, De StaG i. 496 WeHeid. 71 (fellowship between God and worshippers); welfare-offering, 𝔊 elsewhere σωτήριον, Ke; thank-offering (as due rendered for benefit, or in paying vow, cf. √ Pi. 4, and Pr 7:14) Ges Ew Kn; sacred meal its special feature: v. RSSem. i. 219; 2nd ed. 237; NowArch. ii. 211f. GFMEncy. Bib. Sacrifice, § 11; Assyrian šulmu = שֶׁלֶם is cited by J JeremEncy. Bib. Ritual, § 11);—cstr. שׁ׳ Am 5:22; elsewhere pl. שְׁלָמִים Ex 24:5 + 69 times; cstr. שַׁלְמֵי Lv 10:14; sf. שְׁלָמֶ֫יךָ Ex 20:24, etc.; pl. is abstr. intens. Lv 7:13; Nu 6:17 (P) +; pl. of no. Ex 24:5 (JE), 1 S 11:15 +; usually hard to decide; שׁ׳ (in app.) defines זְבָחִים Ex 24:5 (JE), and so זבח of covt. of Horeb is שׁ׳, as also sacrifice for Saul 1 S 11:15; foll. phr. shew שׁ׳ essentially = זבהים in like phr. (v. זבח); שׁ׳ coming to mean ז׳ in all ritual; over against עוֹלוֹת Ex 20:24; 32:6 (JE), Lv 6:5 (P), Dt 27:7; Jos 8:31 (D), Ju 20:26; 21:4; 1 S 13:9; 2 S 6:17, 18; 24:25; 1 K 3:15; 9:25; 1 Ch 16:1, 2; 21:26; 2 Ch 31:2; Ez 43:27; 45:17; 46:2, 12; so in longer lists Lv 9:4, 22; Nu 6:14; 29:39 (P), 1 K 8:64(×2); 16:13; 2 Ch 7:7; 29:35; Ez 45:15, 17; 46:12; and when שׁ׳ alone Lv 7:14, 33; in P שׁ׳ defines ז׳ in cstr. sg. or pl.: Ex 29:28 Lv 3:1 + 34 times P, Lv 17:5; 19:5; 22:21; 23:19 (H), so 1 S 10:8; 1 K 8:63; 2 Ch 30:22; 33:16; Pr 7:14; ז׳ שׁ׳ of H and P incl. תודה, נדר, נדבה Lv 7:12, 16, and so זבח תודה שׁ׳ v 13, 15; שׁ׳ disting. from (larger) ז׳ in lists שָׁ׳, ז׳, עולות Jos 22:27 (P); נדר, ז׳, עלה Nu 15:8 (P); שׁ׳ disting. from נְדָבָה Ez 46:12 (where may = either of other two); from נדרים, נדבות Nu 29:39 (P) (and must then ref. to תודות); from נדר Nu 15:8 (P); appar. then not disting. from תּוֹדוֹת, תּוֹדָה 2 Ch 33:16 being probably specification.

מַעֲנִית ψ 129:3 Qr v. foregoing.

III. צַר68 n.m. Nu 10:9 adversary, foe;—abs. צַר Am 3:11 +, even c. art. הַצַּר Nu 10:9, but also הַצָּר Est 7:4; צָ֑ר Zc 8:10 +; pl. צָרִים La 1:7; cstr. צָרֵי Ezr 4:1 + Is 9:10 (but read prob. צָרוֹ or צָרָיו, cf. Di-Kit CheHpt.; al. שָׂרֵי), Je 48:5 (del. 𝔊 Hi Gie), Ez 30:16 (but 𝔊 Sm וְנָפֹצוּ, so Berthol; Co וְנִפְרְצוּ, so Toy; Krae יָעוּף); sf. צָרַי ψ 3:2, צָרֵיהֶם Ez 39:23, צָרֵימוֹ Dt 32:27, etc.;—adversary, foe, Am 3:11; Gn 14:20; Nu 10:9; (P), 24:8 (JE); Dt 32:27; 33:7; Jos 5:13 (JE); 2 S 24:13; Is 9:10 (v. supr.), Zc 8:10; Ezr 4:1; Ne 4:5; Est 7:6 (אִישׁ צַר וְאוֹיֵב), + 21 times, + ψ 3:2; 13:5; 27:2; 78:42, + 13 times ψψ, + (of י׳’s foes) 78:66; 97:3; + (of י׳’s foes) also Is 1:24; 26:11; 59:18; 64:1; Je 46:10; Na 1:2; Dt 32:41, 43; Jb 19:11.—Je 48:5; Ez 30:16 v. supr.

I. צָרָה72 n.f. id.;—abs. צ׳ 1 S 26:24 +, צָרָ֫תָה ψ 120:1 (Ges§ 90 g); cstr. צָרַת Gn 42:21; sf. צָרָתִי 35:3 +, צָרַתְכֶם Ju 10:14, etc.; pl. צָרוֹת abs. Is 65:16 +; sf. צָרֹתֵיכֶם 1 S 10:19, etc.;—straits, distress, Gn 42:21 (E); 1 S 26:24; 2 S 4:9; 1 K 1:29; Is 8:22; Jb 5:19; 27:9; especially ψψ (24 times), e.g. 22:12; 25:17 (v. רחב), v 22 31:8; 34:17, 18; specif. of travail, צָרָה וַחֲבָלִים Je 49:24 (sim.), cf. 4:31 (Gie צְוָחָה, after 𝔊); צָרַת נַפְשׁוֹ Gn 42:21 (E); בְּיוֹם צָרָתִי 35:3 (E), ψ 77:3; 86:7, cf. 2 K 19:3 = Is 37:3, ψ 20:2; 50:15 Pr 24:10; 25:19; Je 16:19; Ob 12, 14; Na 1:7; Hb 3:16, יוֹם צ׳ וּמְצוּקָה Zp 1:15; בְּעֵת־צָרַתְכֶם Ju 10:14, cf. Ne 9:27 ψ 37:39 Is 33:2 Je 14:8; 15:11; 30:7; Dn 12:1; also בַּצָּרָה ψ 81:8, בְּצָרָה 91:15 Ne 9:37, בְּצָרוֹת ψ 46:2, etc.; רָעוֹת וְצָרוֹת Dt 31:17, 21 cf. 1 S 10:19 ψ 71:20, צָרָה וְצוּקָה Pr 1:27, אֶרֶץ צ׳ וְצ׳ Is 30:6; c. ל (poet.), בַּצָּרָ֫תָה לִי ψ 120:1 in my distress, מִצָּרָה לִי Jon 2:3.—צָרָה Zc 10:11, read מִצְרַיִם [or מָצוֹר] We Now GASm; צֹ֫רָה KloThLZ, 1879, 566 StaZAW i (1881), 22; ψ 9:10; 10:1 v. בַּצָּרָה.

θλῖψις, εως, ἡ, pressure, Refs 4th c.BC+; ἀντέρεισις καὶ θ. Refs 1st c.BC+; of the pulse, Refs 2nd c.AD+; ὑστερικαὶ θ. Refs 2nd c.AD+ __2 crushing, castration, πώλων Refs __3 metaphorically, oppression, affliction, LXX+1st c.BC+

† שָׁקַט vb. be quiet, undisturbed (𝔗 שְׁקַט (rare); NH שׁקט is sink down; Arabic سَقَطَ is drop down);— Qal Pf. 3 ms. consec. וְשׁ׳ Je 30:10; 46:27, 3 fs. שָֽׁקְטָה Jos 11:23 +, שָׁקָ֑טָה 2 K 11:20 +; 1 s. שָׁקַ֫טְתִּי Jb 3:26, וְשָׁקַטְתִּ֫י Ez 16:42; Impf. 3 ms. יִשְׁקֹט Ru 3:18; 2 fs. תְּשְׁקֹ֑טִי Je 47:6, 7; 1 s. אֶשְׁקוֹט Is 62:1; Jb 3:13, אשׁקוטה Is 18:4 Kt, Qr אֶשָׁקֳטָה (Ges§§ 10h, 48c); Pt. שֹׁקֵט Ju 18:7 +, fs. שֹׁקֶ֫טֶת 1 Ch 4:40, שֹׁקָ֑טֶת Zc 1:11; pl. הַשֹּׁקְטִים Ez 38:11;—be quiet, undisturbed: 1. of land, at peace, abs. Ju 3:11, 30; 5:31; 8:28; Is 14:7 (+ נָ֫חָה), 2 Ch 13:23; 14:5; + מִמִּלְחָמָה Jos 11:23; 14:15 (D?), cf. v 5 (P); וּשְׁלֵוָה וְשׁ׳ 1 Ch 4:40; of earth ψ 76:9 Zc 1:11 (ישֶׁבֶת ושׁ׳); abs. of city 2 K 11:20 = 2 Ch 23:21, kingdom 2 Ch 20:30, + לִפְנֵי pers. 14:4; of people, שׁ׳ וּבֹטֵחַ in peace and security Ju 18:7, 27, הַשֹּׁקְטִים ישְׁבֵי לָבֶ֑טַח Ez 38:11; + שַׁאֲנַן Je 30:10 = 46:27; of Moab, שַׁאֲנַן … וְשֹׁקִט אֶל־שְׁמָרָיו 48:11 undisturbed upon its less (fig. of wine); of Job, quiet in death Jb 3:13, be at rest (from apprehensions of evil) v 26 (+ שָׁלַוְתִּי, נָחְ֑תִּי). 2. be quiet, inactive: of י׳ + וְאַבִּיטָה Is 18:4 I will be quiet and gaze, i.e. gaze as an inactive spectator, ψ 83:2 (‖ דמה, חרשׁ be silent); = be pacified Ez 16:42; of sword of י׳ Je 47:6, 7; of Boaz Ru 3:18 he will not be quiet until he has finished the matter; of prophet Is 62:1 (‖ חָשָׁה be silent). Hiph. Impf. 3 ms. יַשְׁקִיט Pr 15:18, יַשְׁקִט Jb 34:29; Imv. ms. הַשְׁקֵט Is 7:4; Inf. abs. חַשְׁקֵט Is 32:17 +; cstr. הַשְׁקִיט ψ 94:13, -קִט Jb 37:17, -קֵט Is 57:20; Je 49:23;— 1. shew quietness (inner causat.), of men Is 7:4 (+ אַל־תִּירָא), of sea Is 57:20 = Je 49:23, earth Jb 37:17 (+ מִדָּרוֹם); hence Inf. abs. = subst., quietness, display of quietness Is 30:15, עֲבֹדַת הַצְּדָקָה הַשְׁקֵט וָבֶ֫טַח 32:17 the product of righteousness is quietness and security (Du CheHpt Marti del. הַצּ׳ as dittogr. from v a, read הַמִּשְׁפָּט for הַשְׁקֵט, and del. וָ: the product of justice is security); (presumptuous) security, שַׁלְוַת הַשְׁקֵט Ez 16:49 (of Sodom). 2. cause quietness: subj. י׳ Jb 34:29, לְהַשְׁקִיט לוֹ מִימֵי רָ֑ע ψ 94:13; pacify, allay, obj. רִיב Pr 15:18.

† עָנִי adj. poor, afflicted, humble;—ע׳ Dt 24:12 + 51 times; pl. עֲנִיִּים Is 3:15 + 6 times; cstr. עֲנִיֵּי Is 10:2 + 4 times (v. also Kt and Qr sub עָנָו supr.); sf. עֲנִיֶּיךָ ψ 72:2; 74:19, עֲנִיֶּ֑ךָ Dt 15:11; עֲנִיָּו Is 49:13; fs. עֲנִיָּה Is 51:21; 54:11 (+ Is 10:30 MT, but read עֲנִיהָ, v. I. ענה);— 1. poor, needy, ‖ אביון Dt 15:11; 24:14, 15; Pr 31:20, ‖ יתום Jb 24:12; Ex 22:24 (E), Dt 24:12; having right to gleanings Lv 19:10; 23:22 (H); יְמֵי ע׳ Pr 15:15, cf. Pr 14:21 (Kt). 2. poor and weak, oppressed by rich and powerful Is 3:14, 15; 32:7 (Qr), 58:7; Jb 29:12; 36:6, 15; Pr 30:14; Ec 6:8; Ez 18:17; Zc 7:10; Jb 24:4, also Am 8:4 (Qr); ‖ דל Jb 34:28; Pr 22:22; עֲנִיֵּי עַמִּי Is 10:2; ענו ואביון Jb 24:14; Pr 31:9; Je 22:16; Ez 16:49; 18:12; 22:29. 3. poor, weak, afflicted Israel, or pious in Israel afflicted by wicked nations or the wicked in Israel itself ψ 10:2, 9(×2), 14:6 (dub., cf. ψ 53:6) 102:1 (or n.pr.), Is 14:32; Hb 3:14; of Zion, עֲנִיָּה Is 51:21; 54:11; שׁד ע׳ ψ 12:6; יחיד וע׳ 25:16; עני ואביון 35:10; 37:14; 40:18 = 70:6, 74:21; 86:1; 109:16, 22, pl. Is 41:17; עני וְכוֹאֵב ψ 69:30; ע׳ וָרָשׁ 82:3; עֱנוּת ע׳ 22:25; ע׳ וְג̇וֵעַ 88:16 ‖ דל Is 26:6 Zp 3:12; ע׳ וּנְכֵה־רוּחַ Is 66:2;—Zc 11:7, 11 v. ii. כְּנַעֲנִי²" dir="rtl" >כְּנַעֲנִי;—God does not forget them ψ 9;13 (Kt)19 (Qr) 10:12 (Kt) 74:19, but has pity on them Is 49:13, saves ψ 34:7, delivers 35:10, and bestows various favours 68:11; 140:13, the king also judges 72:2, 4, and delivers 72:12. 4. humble, lowly, Zc 9:9 (victorious king); opp. לֵצִים Pr 3:34 (Kt); opp. גֵּאִים 16:19 (Kt); עם עני opp. עינים רמות ψ 18:28 = 2 S 22:28.

II. צוּר vb. confine, bind, besiege (NH id., wrap (rare); Aramaic צוּר besiege, beleaguer);— Qal Pf. 2 ms. וְצַרְתָּ֫ Dt 14:25, etc.; Impf. 3 ms. וַיָּ֫צַר 1 K 20:1 +, 2 ms. תָּצוּר Dt 20:19, etc.; Imv. fs. צוּרִ֫י Is 21:2 (after עֲלִי Köi. 444, cf. Ges§ 72 s); Inf. cstr. לָצוּר 1 S 23:8; Pt. pl. צָרִים 1 K 15:27 +;— 1. confine, secure (‖ I. צרר), acc. rei + ב of receptacle Dt 14:25; 2 K 5:23; Ez 5:3; complem. om. 2 K 12:11. 2. shut in, besiege, c. עַל of city 2 S 11:1; 1 K 15:27; 16:17; 20:1; 2 K 6:24, 25; 17:5; 18:9; 24:11; Is 29:3 (+ acc. of siege-works), Je 32:2; 37:5; 39:9; Dt 20:12; Ez 4:3; Dn 1:1; c. עַל pers. (Within city) 2 S 20:15; 2 K 16:5; Je 21:4, 9; c. אֶל of city (for עַל) Dt 20:19; c. אֶל pers. 1 S 23:8; c. אֵת of city only 1 Ch 20:1 (‖ 2 S 11:1 supr.); abs. Is 21:2.—הִנָּם צָרִים אֶת־הָעִיר עָלֶיךָ Ju 9:31 is corrupt; FrankenbRichterbuch 28 Bu GFMHpt Now מְעִרִים inciting against. 3. shut up, enclose: נָצוּר עָלֶיהָ לוּחַ אָ֑רֶז Ct 8:9 (על of maid [under fig. of door] + acc. mater., cf. Is 29:3 supr.); c. sf. pers. ψ 139:5 (fig., י׳ subj.).

I. [קָשָׁה] vb. be hard, severe, fierce (NH קָשָׁח be severe; Arabic قَسَا (ى) be hard, dry, iii. endure, struggle against, severity; Aramaic קְשָׁא, ܩܫܳܐ be hard, difficult; J.Aram קְשִׁי, קַשְׁיָה adj. hard);— Qal Pf. 3 fs. קָֽשְׁתָה 1 S 5:7, קָשָׁ֑תָה Gn 49:7; Impf. 3 ms. יִקְשֶׁה Dt 1:17; 15:18, וַיִּ֫קֶשׁ 2 S 19:44;— 1. be hard, difficult Dt 1:17 (of a legal case; מִן compar.). 2. be hard, severe, ק׳ יָדוֹ עָלֵינוּ 1 S 5:7 (of י׳, in judgment); יִק׳ בְעֵינֶ֑ךָ Dt 15:18 it shall not be hard in thine eyes (seem a severe trial, an injustice); of wrath Gn 49:7 (poem in J; ‖ עָ֑ז); of fierce words 2 S 19:44. Niph. Pt. נִקְשֶׁה Is 8:21 hardly bestead, hard pressed. Pi. Impf. 3 fs. וַתְּקַשׁ בְּלִדְתָּהּ Gn 35:16 (E) she made hard in her bearing (had severe labour). Hiph. Pf. 3 ms. הִקְשָׁה Ex 13:15 +, etc.; Impf. 3 ms. וַיֶּקֶשׁ 2 Ch 36:13; 3 mpl. וַיַּקְשׁוּ Je 7:26 +, etc.; Inf. cstr. sf. בְּהַקְשֹׁתָהּ Gn 35:17; Pt. מַקְשֶׁה Pr 28:14; 29:1;— 1. make difficult, difficulty: הִקְשָׁה לְשַׁלְּחֵנוּ Ex 13:15 Pharach made difficulty about sending us away; of travail Gn 35:17 (E; as Pi.); הַקְשִׁיתָ לִשְׁאוֹל 2 K 2:10 thou hast made hard to ask, asked a hard thing. 2. make severe, burdensome, yoke imposed by king 1 K 12:4 = 2 Ch 10:4. 3. a. make hard, stiff, stubborn, fig. of obstinacy: וַיַּקְשׁוּ אֶת־עָרְפָּם 2 K 17:14 they stiffened their neck, so Je 7:26; 17:23; 19:15; Dt 10:16; 2 Ch 30:8; 36:13; Ne 9:16, 17, 29 Pr 29:1; אַל־תַּקְשׁוּ לְבַבְכֶם ψ 95:8, cf. Pr 28:14; subj. י׳, אַקְשֶׁה אֶת־לֵב פ׳ Ex 7:3 (P), acc. אֶת־רוּחוֹ Dt 2:30. b. shew stubbornness Jb 9:4 (c. אֶל pers. [י׳]).

† II. צַר n.[m.] straits, distress;—abs. צ׳ Jb 15:24 +, also c. art. בַּצַּר Ho 5:15 +, צָ֑ר ψ 4:2 +;—straits, distress Is 5:30; Jb 15:24 ψ 32:7; 60:13 108:13 צַר־וּמָצוֹק 119:143; עֵת־צ׳ Jb 38:23, cf. בַּצַּר Is 26:16, בַּצָּ֑ר ψ 4:2; צ׳־רוּהִי Jb 7:11 distress of my spirit; לֶחֶם צַר Is 30:20; לֹא צָ֗ר Is 63:9 usually he (י׳) had distress (reading לִוֹ Qr), but 𝔊 οὐ πρέσβυς, Du CheHpt. al. לֹא צִר, no messenger (but) his own face, etc.; cf. Jb 36:16, 19. Instead of sf. directly appended, ל sf. is used (only after ב): בַּצַּר־לִי in my distress ψ 18:7 = 2 S 22:7, ψ 66:14, so בְּיוֹם צַר(־)לִי 59:17; 102:3; בַּצַּר לְךָ Dt 4:30 (prob. orig. meant as בְּצַר, or בְּצֹר [inf.], Dr; so) בַּצַּר־לוֹ Is 25:4; 2 Ch 15:4, בַּצַּר לָהֶם Ho 5:15 ψ 107:6, 13, 19, 28, also (after רָאָה) 106:44—צַר 1 S 2:32 is corrupt. III. צַר v. II. צָרַר.

† אֵיד n.m. Jb 18:12 distress, calamity (under wh. one bends, cf. Arabic آىِٔدٌ burdening)—א׳ Jb 21:30 +; cstr. id. Jb 31:23 +; אֵידֵי 2 S 22:19 = ψ 18:19 etc.;—distress, calamity (poet. chiefly WisdLt & late); Pr 17:5; 27:10. 1. national calam. of Isr. (apostate) Je 18:17 Ez 35:5 Ob 13(×3); of Egypt Je 46:21; Moab 48:16; Edom (א׳ עֵשָׂו) 49:8; Hazor v 32. 2. of righteous sufferer 2 S 22:19 = ψ 18:19 cf. א׳ אֵל i.e. from God Jb 31:23 & אָרְחוֹת אֵידָם 30:12 their calamitous paths (sf. ref. to bereavement, pain, etc.) 3. often of wicked Jb 18:12; 21:17; 31:3 Pr 1:26, 27 (wisd. mocks at; ‖ פַּחַד) 6:15; 24:22; also יוֹם א׳ Dt 32:35 Jb 21:30 (cf. supr. 2 S 22:19 = ψ 18:19 Pr 27:10 Je 18:17; 46:21 Ob(×3) where ‖ יוֹם אֹבֶד יוֹם צָרָה v 12, 14, cf. יוֹם יהוה v 15). BevJPhil. xxvi. 302 der. from Arabic آدَ be strong [also oppress, burden], whence إِيَاد (or أَوَى) calamity.

I. צָרַר vb. bind, tie up, be restricted, narrow, scant, cramped (NH id.; Arabic صَرَّ bind, tie up; so Aramaic צְרַר, ܨܰܪ );— A. trans.: Qal Pf. 3 ms. צָרַר Ho 4:19; Pr 30:4; Imv. צוֹר Is 8:16; Inf. cstr. צְרוֹר Pr 26:8 (?); Pt. act. צֹרֵר Jb 26:8; pass. צָרוּר Ho 13:12, f. צְרוּרָה 1 S 25:29; fpl. צְרֻרֹת Ex 12:34; 2 S 20:3;—bind or tie up, of kneading-troughs Ex 12:34 (E); fig. of a life preserved by י׳, נֶפֶשׁ צְרוּרָה בִּצְרוֹר הַחַיִּים 1 S 25:29; of preserving prophetic teaching Is 8:16; of retention of guilt Ho 13:12; of י׳’s binding waters in (a garment of) cloud Pr 30:4 Jb 26:8; = shut up 2 S 20:3;—צָרַר רוּחַ אֹתָהּ בִּכְנָפֶיהָ Ho 4:19 (si vera l.) pregn., the wind hath wrapped her up in its wings, to carry her off; כִּצְרוֹר אֶבֶן Pr 26:8 like the tying up of a stone, but unintellig. in context (v. Toy). Pu. Pt. pl. מְצֹרָרִים Jos 9:4 tied up (mended by tying), of old wine-skins. B. intrans.: Qal Pf. 3 fs. צָ֫רָה Is 28:20; Impf. 3 ms. יֵצַר Pr 4:12, יֵ֫צֶר לוֹ Jb 20:22, וַיֵּ֫צֶר Gn 32:8 +, 2 fs. תֵּצְרִי Is 49:19;—be scant, cramped; of scanty bed-covering Is 28:20 (in fig.); of land too small for (מִן) its people Is 49:19 + Jos 19:47 (for וַיֵּצֵא) DrExpos. Jan. 1887, 59 Benn, cf. 𝔊; of steps = be cramped, or impeded, Pr 4:12; Jb 18:7 (both in fig.); especially impers. c. ל pers., וַיֵּצֶר לוֹ Gn 32:8 and it was narrow for him = he was in straits, distress, so Ju 2:15; 2 S 13:2; Jb 20:22, also 3 fs. וַתֵּ֫צֶר לְ Ju 10:9; 1 S 30:6 (v. Dr).* Hiph. Pf. 3 ms. וְהֵצַר Dt 28:52, 52 consec.; 1 s. וַהֲצֵרֹתִי Je 10:18; Zp 1:17; Impf. 3 ms. יָצַר־לוֹ 1 K 8:37 = 2 Ch 6:28, וַיָּ֫צַר 2 Ch 28:20; 3 mpl. וַיָּצֵרוּ Ne 9:27; Inf. cstr. הָצֵר 2 Ch 28:22; 33:12;—make narrow for, press hard upon, cause distress to, c. ל pers., Je 10:18 (subj. י׳), Zp 1:17 (subj. id.); Dt 28:52(×2); 1 K 8:37 = 2 Ch 6:28; Ne 9:27 (all subj. foe), 2 Ch 28:20 (subj. TP); Indef. subj. 2 Ch 28:22 (but read כִּי אִם לִצָרָה לוֹ, and join to v 21, opp. לְעֶזְרָה לוֹ, 𝔊 Kit BuhlLex), 33:12.

ἀνάγκη, Ionic dialect and Epic dialect ἀναγκαίη, ἡ, force, constraint, necessity, κρατερὴ δ᾽ ἐπικείσετ᾽ ἀ.Refs 8th c.BC+; ἀναγκαίη γὰρ ἐπείγειRefs 8th c.BC+adverb, ἀνάγκῃ perforce, of necessity, ἀείδεινRefs 8th c.BC+: in active sense, forcibly, by force, ἴσχειν, ἄγειν, Refs 8th c.BC+; opposed to ἑκόντες, Refs 5th c.BC+ with infinitive, it must be that.., is necessary that..,Refs 8th c.BC+: with dative person, ἀ. μοι σχεθεῖνRefs 4th c.BC+ —in Trag. frequently in answers and arguments, πολλή γ᾽ ἀνάγκη, πολλή᾽ στ᾽ ἀνάγκη, or πολλή μ᾽ ἀνάγκη, with which an infinitive may always be supplied, Refs 5th c.BC+; ἀνάγκη μεγάλη [ἐστίRefs 5th c.BC+ with infinitive, NT __2 necessity in the philosophical sense, Refs 4th c.BC+; logical necessity, MetaphoricalRefslaws of nature, τίσιν ἀνάγκαις ἕκαστα γίγνεται τῶν οὐρανίωνRefs 5th c.BC+ __2.b natural need, γαστρὸς ἀνάγκαιςRefs 5th c.BC+ __2.c ἡ ἀ. τοῦ τόπου the lie of the ground as a necessary condition, Refs __2.d ἀνάγκη δαιμόνων, αἱ ἐκ θεῶν ἀνάγκαι, fate, destiny, Refs 5th c.BC+: frequently personified in Poets, Refs 5th c.BC+ __3 compulsion exerted by a superior, ἀ. προστιθέναι, ἐπιτιθέναι, Refs 5th c.BC+ __3.b violence, punishment, especially of torture, mostly plural, ἐς ἀνάγκας ἄγεσθαιRefs 5th c.BC+; τὰ πρὸς ἀνάγκας ὄργανα instruments of torture, Refs 2nd c.BC+: later in singular, ἡ ἀ. τῶν βασάνωνRefs 1st c.AD+under torture, Refs 5th c.BC+; δολοποιὸς ἀ., i. e. the stratagem of Nessus, Refs 5th c.BC+ __3.c duress, 'force majeure', ὅρκους οὓς ποιέονται ἐν ἀνάγκῃ ὄντεςRefs 3rd c.AD+; stress of circumstances, ἀκούσιοι ἀ.Refs 5th c.BC+ __3.d treatment by mechanical force, τῶν ἀναγκῶν τινὰ προσφέρεινRefs 5th c.BC+ __4 bodily pain, anguish, κατ᾽ ἀνάγκην ἕρπειν painfully, Refs 5th c.BC+; ὑπ᾽ ἀνάγκης βοᾶνRefs 5th c.BC+: generally, distress, ἐν ἀνάγκαις γλυκὺ γίνεται καὶ τὸ σκληρόνNT+4th c.BC+ __II tie of blood, kindred, Refs 5th c.BC+ __III ={ἡ δικαστικὴ κλεψύδρα}, Refs 5th c.AD+

Included with: σκανδαλ-ιστής, οῦ, ὁ, probably acrobat who performed on a trapeze (σκάνδαλον), Refs 2nd c.AD+, trap or snare laid for an enemy, LXX+NT; probably laid for animals, Refs 3rd c.BC+: metaphorically, stumbling-block, offence, scandal, NT+6th c.AD+ __II see at {σκανδαλιστής}.

† עֹ֫שֶׁק n.m. Ec 7:7 oppression, extortion;—ע׳ abs. Je 6:6 +, cstr. ψ 119:134 Ec 5:7;— 1. Je 6:6; 22:17; Ez 22:7, 12 ψ 73:8; c. genit. subj. 119:134, obj. Ec 5:7; as acc. cogn. c. עָשַׁק (q.v.) Ez 18:18; 22:29. 2. national oppression, Is 54:14. 3. concr., gain of extortion ψ 62:11, so perhaps Ec 7:7; as acc. cogn. Lv 5:23 (‖ גָּזֵל).—Is 30:12; 59:13 read עִקֵּשׁ Lag Gr al.

† מִכְשׁוֹל n.m. Je 6:21 a stumbling, means or occasion of stumbling, stumbling-block;—מ׳ abs. Is 8:14 + 3 times, מִכְשֹׁל Lv 19:14; cstr. מִכְשׁוֹל 1 S 25:31 + 6 times Ez; pl. מִכְשֹׁלִים Je 6:21 + Ez 21:20 MT (Co al. מֻכְשָׁלִים, v. infr.);— 1. stumbling, צוּר מ׳ Is 8:14 (fig.) a rock of stumbling (i.e. over which one stumbles); lit. הַרְבֵּה הַמִּכְשֹׁלִים Ez 21:20 an abundance of stumblings, falls (si vera l.; 𝔊 οἱ ἀσθενοῦντες, apar. reading pt., cf. Sm; so Co Da (as a possibility), i.e. מֻכְשָׁלִים Hoph. Pt. of כשׁל = those who have stumbled or been overthrown). 2. means, or occasion of stumbling, stumbling-block; a. lit. Lv 19:14. b. fig. of misfortune, calamity ψ 119:165; in divine judgment Je 6:21 Ez 3:20, as a hindrance to restoration of people Is 57:14. c. in ethical sense מ׳ עֲוֹנָם Ez 7:19 a stumbling-block of (i.e. occasioning) their iniquity, so 14:3, 4, 7; 18:30; 44:12 (mostly with ref. to idols). d. מ׳ לֵב 1 S 25:31 a stumbling-block of heart i.e. ground for remorse.

† [שָׁלַם] vb. denom. be in covenant of peace;— Qal Imv. שְׁלָ֑ם Jb 22:21 be at peace (in covt.); Pt. sf. שׁוֹלְמִי ψ 7:5 i.e. my ally, friend (cf. 41:10); Pt. pass. cstr. שְׁלֻמֵי 2 S 20:19, read שָׂמוּ EwG iii.264 Ges 130 f.N.4 Dr (cf. We). Pu. Pt. מְשֻׁלָּם Is 42:19 one in covt. of peace (with י׳; but 𝔊 משְׁלָם their ruler, so CheHpt; Ges Hi Ew al. one resigned (to God), read then מָשְׁלָם, cf. √, Arabic iv.; Kroch Grä Marti מְשֻׁלָּחִי). Hiph. Pf. 3 fs. הִשְׁלִ֫ימָה Jos 10:4; 11:19; 3 mpl. הִשְׁלִ֫ימוּ 10:1; Impf. יַשְׁלִים Is 44:26 +, יַשְׁלִם Pr 16:7; וַיַּשְׁלֵם 1 K 22:45, etc.;— 1. make peace with, אֶת, Jos 10:1, 4; 2 S 10:19 = 1 Ch 19:19 (עִם); עִם Dt 20:12 1 K 22:45; c. אֶל pregn. Jos 11:19 submitting unto. 2. cause to be at peace, אֶת, Pr 16:7. Hoph. Pf. 3 fs. הָשְׁלְמָה Jb 5:23 live in peace with, לְ (‖ ברית).

† לַ֫חַץ n.m. oppression, distress;—ל׳ abs. 1 K 22:27(×2) + 5 times; cstr. 2 K 13:4 + 2 times; sf. לַחֲצֵ֫נוּ Dt 26:4 ψ 44:25;—oppression of Isr. Ex 3:9 (E; + vb. cogn.), 2 K 13:4 cf. Dt 26:7 (‖ עֳנִי, עָמָל) ψ 44:25 (‖ עֳנִי); oppr. of (i.e. by) an enemy, ψ 42:10; 43:2; in gen. Jb 36:15 (‖ עֳנִי); לֶחֶם ל׳ וּמַיִם ל׳ 1 K 22:27 = 2 Ch 18:26 bread of oppression and water of oppression, i. e. prison-fare (> Klo scanty fare); cf. לֶחֶם צַר וּמַיִם ל׳ Is 30:20, appar. of privations of a siege (cf. Che Di Du; on the apposition in these passages v. Ges§ 131. 2 (b) Köiii, § 333 p. q. DaSynt. § 29. e).

θλῐβ-ω [ῑ], Refs 5th c.BC+future θλίψω (ἀπο-) Refs 5th c.BC+: aorist ἔθλιψα Refs 5th c.BC+: perfect τέθλῐφα Refs 4th c.BC+ —middle, future θλίψομαι (see. below):—passive, future θλῐβήσομαι variant in Refs 2nd c.AD+: aorist 1 ἐθλίφθην Refs 5th c.BC+aorist 2 participle θλῐβείςRefs 1st c.AD+ (compare subjunctive ἐκφλῐβῇ Refs 5th c.BC+: perfect τέθλιμμαι Refs 4th c.BC+:— squeeze, chafe, θλίβει τὸν ὄρρον [ὁ θώραξ] Refs 5th c.BC+; ὅπου με θλίβει where [the shoe] pinches, Refs 3rd c.BC+: absolutely, exercise pressure, Refs 3rd c.AD+:—passive, of a person heavy-laden, ὡς θλίβομαι! Refs 5th c.BC+:—middle, πολλῇς φλιῇσι παραστὰς θλίψεται (variant{φλίψεται}) ὤμους he will rub his shoulders against many doorposts, of a beggar, Refs 8th c.BC+ __II compress, straiten, Refs 5th c.BC+; reduce, compress, εἰς τὸ μὴ ὂν τὰ ὄντα θλίβοντες Refs 4th c.BC+:—passive, to be compressed, Refs 5th c.BC+; θλιβομένα καλύβα a small, close hut, Refs 3rd c.BC+; ὁδὸς τεθλιμμένη, opposed to εὐρύχωρος, NT; βίος τεθλ. a scanty subsistence, Refs 1st c.BC+ __II.2 metaphorically, oppress, afflict, distress, ἀνάγκη ἔθλιψέ τινα Refs 4th c.BC+; press hard in battle, Refs 2nd c.BC+:— passive, θ. διὰ τὸν πόλεμον Refs 4th c.BC+; ὑπὸ τῆς ἀδοξίας Refs 8th c.BC+

† [אוּץ] vb. press, be pressed, make haste— Qal Pf. אָץ Jos 10:13; 17:15; אַ֫צְתִּי Je 17:16 Pt. אָץ Pr 19:2 + 3 times Pr; אָצִים Ex 5:13;— 1. press, hasten (trans. but obj. not expr.) Ex 5:13 (E). 2. (intr.) be pressed, confined, narrow Jos 17:15 כִּי אָץ לְךָ הַר־אֶפְרַיִם. 3. hasten, make haste, sq. ל + Inf. Jos 10:13 לֹא אָץ לָבוֹא (J, of sun); Pr 28:20 א׳ לַהַעֲשִׁיר; sq. מִן Je 17:16 לֹא א׳ מֵרוֹעֶה; sq. ב (of particular in wh. one hastens) Pr 19:2 (בַּרַגְלַיִם); 29:20 (בִּדַבָרִים); cf. also Pr 21:5 וַכָל־אָץ אַךְ לַמַחַסוֹר. Hiph. Impf. וַיָּאִיצוּ Gn 19:15; תָּאִיצוּ Is 22:4—hasten (tr.) sq. ב Gn 19:15 (J); sq. ל + Inf. אַל־תָּא׳ לְנַחֲמֵנִי Is 22:4. (May be Qal Impf., & vb. ע׳י.)

I. צָרַר vb. bind, tie up, be restricted, narrow, scant, cramped (NH id.; Arabic صَرَّ bind, tie up; so Aramaic צְרַר, ܨܰܪ );— A. trans.: Qal Pf. 3 ms. צָרַר Ho 4:19; Pr 30:4; Imv. צוֹר Is 8:16; Inf. cstr. צְרוֹר Pr 26:8 (?); Pt. act. צֹרֵר Jb 26:8; pass. צָרוּר Ho 13:12, f. צְרוּרָה 1 S 25:29; fpl. צְרֻרֹת Ex 12:34; 2 S 20:3;—bind or tie up, of kneading-troughs Ex 12:34 (E); fig. of a life preserved by י׳, נֶפֶשׁ צְרוּרָה בִּצְרוֹר הַחַיִּים 1 S 25:29; of preserving prophetic teaching Is 8:16; of retention of guilt Ho 13:12; of י׳’s binding waters in (a garment of) cloud Pr 30:4 Jb 26:8; = shut up 2 S 20:3;—צָרַר רוּחַ אֹתָהּ בִּכְנָפֶיהָ Ho 4:19 (si vera l.) pregn., the wind hath wrapped her up in its wings, to carry her off; כִּצְרוֹר אֶבֶן Pr 26:8 like the tying up of a stone, but unintellig. in context (v. Toy). Pu. Pt. pl. מְצֹרָרִים Jos 9:4 tied up (mended by tying), of old wine-skins. B. intrans.: Qal Pf. 3 fs. צָ֫רָה Is 28:20; Impf. 3 ms. יֵצַר Pr 4:12, יֵ֫צֶר לוֹ Jb 20:22, וַיֵּ֫צֶר Gn 32:8 +, 2 fs. תֵּצְרִי Is 49:19;—be scant, cramped; of scanty bed-covering Is 28:20 (in fig.); of land too small for (מִן) its people Is 49:19 + Jos 19:47 (for וַיֵּצֵא) DrExpos. Jan. 1887, 59 Benn, cf. 𝔊; of steps = be cramped, or impeded, Pr 4:12; Jb 18:7 (both in fig.); especially impers. c. ל pers., וַיֵּצֶר לוֹ Gn 32:8 and it was narrow for him = he was in straits, distress, so Ju 2:15; 2 S 13:2; Jb 20:22, also 3 fs. וַתֵּ֫צֶר לְ Ju 10:9; 1 S 30:6 (v. Dr).* Hiph. Pf. 3 ms. וְהֵצַר Dt 28:52, 52 consec.; 1 s. וַהֲצֵרֹתִי Je 10:18; Zp 1:17; Impf. 3 ms. יָצַר־לוֹ 1 K 8:37 = 2 Ch 6:28, וַיָּ֫צַר 2 Ch 28:20; 3 mpl. וַיָּצֵרוּ Ne 9:27; Inf. cstr. הָצֵר 2 Ch 28:22; 33:12;—make narrow for, press hard upon, cause distress to, c. ל pers., Je 10:18 (subj. י׳), Zp 1:17 (subj. id.); Dt 28:52(×2); 1 K 8:37 = 2 Ch 6:28; Ne 9:27 (all subj. foe), 2 Ch 28:20 (subj. TP); Indef. subj. 2 Ch 28:22 (but read כִּי אִם לִצָרָה לוֹ, and join to v 21, opp. לְעֶזְרָה לוֹ, 𝔊 Kit BuhlLex), 33:12.

† שַׁאֲנָן adj. at ease, secure (BaNB § 143 a Ges§ 84 b k);—abs. שׁ׳ Is 33:20; pl. שַׁאֲנַנִּים Am 6:1 +, שַׁאֲנַנּוֹת Is 32:9, 11, 18;— 1. at ease, secure: נָוֶה שׁ׳ Is 33:20 secure habitation (of Jerus.), cf. מְנוּחוֹת שׁ׳ 32:18 (‖ מִבְטַחִים). 2. as subst., one at ease, free from misfortune, Jb 12:5. 3. at ease, with collat. idea of careless, wanton, arrogant, Am 6:1; Is 32:9, 11; Zc 1:15 ψ 123:4. 4. as subst. abstr. = arrogance: sf. שַׁאֲנַנְךָ 2 K 19:28 (‖ הִתְרַגֶּזְךָ) = Is 37:29, but שְׁאוֹנְךָ thine uproar, BuZAW xii (1892), 36 Gr Che Marti Kit (perhaps), Bur. cf. שַׁלְאֲנָן" dir="rtl" >שׁלאנן.

κίνδυν-ος, ὁ, irregular dative κίνδῡνι (as if from κίνδυν) Refs 7th c.BC+:— danger, hazard, venture, whether abstract or concrete, πᾶσίν τοι κ. ἐπ᾽ ἔργμασιν Refs 6th c.BC+; κ. γαλέης danger of or from her, Refs 5th c.BC+; κίνδυνον ἀναρριπτέειν to run a risk, Refs 5th c.BC+; κίνδυνον ἀναλαβέσθαι, ὑποδύεσθαι, Refs 5th c.BC+; αἴρεσθαι, ἄρασθαι, ἀρεῖσθαι, Refs 5th c.BC+; ξυνάρασθαι Th.[same place]; ἐγχειρίσασθαι Refs 5th c.BC+; ἐν κινδύνῳ αἰωρεῖσθαι, εἶναι, Refs 5th c.BC+; κ. [ἐστι] with infinitive, Refs 5th c.BC+; ἐπὶ τῷ αὑτοῦ κ. at his own risk, Refs 4th c.BC+; καθαρὸς ἀπὸ παντὸς κ. Refs 2nd c.AD+ __2 trial, venture, κ. ἀνεῖται σοφίας Refs 5th c.BC+ __3 battle, Refs 2nd c.BC+

† [אטם] vb. shut, shut up (Mish. אטם, cf. אוֹטֶם stoppage, Aramaic אֲטַם; Ar. أَطَمَ contract, stop, أُطُمٌ fortress; As. aṭamu, in list of headgear, etc. = turban? DlW, No. 155)— Qal Pt. act. אֹטֵם Pr 17:28 + 2 textual; pass. אֲטֻמִים 1 K 6:4; אֲטֻמוֹת Ez 40:16 + 2 times;—shut, stop, obj. lips Pr 17:28; ears 21:13 Is 33:15; pass. = closed (i.e. narrowed, narrowing, cf. 𝔖 in Co) חַלּוֹנוֹת א׳ Ez 40:16; 41:16, 26; cf. חַלּוֹנֵי שְׁקֻפִים אֲטֻמִים 1 K 6:4. Hiph. Impf. i.q. Qal יַאְטֵם ψ 58:5 (juss. with sense of indic., cf. Dr§ 173 obs.) of adder, stopping ears, sim. of wicked.

† שָׁלֵו (LagBN 43), שָׁלֵיו, שְׁלֵיו adj. quiet, at ease;— 1. of pers. at ease, שָׁלֵו Jb 16:12, שָׁלֵיו 21:23 (Köii. 1, 83); of nation, שְׁלֵיו (poss. diminutive Köii. 1. 144) Je 49:31 (‖ יוֹשֵׁב לָבֶטַח); prosperous, of city fs. שְׁלִוָה Zc 7:7; of wicked, mpl. cstr. וְשַׁלְוֵי עוֹלָם ψ 73:12 (RenanH. iii. 131 proposes יִשְׁלָיוּ עֲוִילִים). 2. of land, quiet, שְׁלֵוָה 1 Ch 4:40 (‖ שֹׁקֶטֶת). 3. in לֹא יָדַע שָׁלֵו בְּבִטְנוֹ Jb 20:20 שׁ׳ is appar. n.abstr. quiet, ease, so Di De al., read שַׁלְוָה Siegf Bu, Du (after 𝔊) לֹא שָׁלֵו בְּמַטְמֹנוֹ; שָׁלֵו Ez 23:42 is corrupt, Hi Co Berthol (cf. Da) שָׁרוּ sang, Toy שָׁרִים, Krae שִׁרִים.

† שַׁלְוָה n.f. quietness, ease;—abs. שׁ׳ ψ 122:7 +; cstr. שַׁלְוַת Ez 16:49; Pr 1:32; pl. sf. שַׁלְוֹתַ֫יִךְ Je 22:21 (שַׁלְוָתֵךְ Vrss Gie);—quietness, peace, Pr 17:1 (opp. רִיב), ψ 122:7 (‖ שָׁלוֹם); ease, careless security, Ez 16:49 (שַׁלְוַת הַשְׁקֵט), Pr 1:32; prosperity, Je 22:21; בְּשׁ׳ in (time of) security (of sudden attack), if not unawares Dn 8:25; 11:21, 24 (Thes Ew Hi Ke al.); cf. ܡܶܢ ܣܒܶܠܝ lit. out of quiet, i.e. suddenly, unawares (e.g. 1 Macc 1:30 = ἐξάπινα), מִן שִׁלְיָא 𝔗 Pr 3:25; 6:15 (= פִּתְאֹם), ψ 30:7 v. [שָׁ֫לוּ].

† נֶ֫גֶף n.m. Ex 12:13 blow, striking (as judgment, only P);—נ׳ abs. Ex 12:13 + 6 times;— 1. fatal blow, plague, Ex 12:13 (death of first-born); 30:12; Nu 8:19 (indef.); = pestilence Nu 17:11, 12; Jos 22:17. 2. striking, אֶבֶן נ׳ Is 8:14 i.e. against which the foot strikes and so stumbles (‖ צוּר מִכְשׁוֹל).

† I. צַר adj. narrow, tight;—abs. צ׳ 2 K 6:1 +; צָ֑ר Nu 22:26 +; f. צָרָה Pr 23:27;—narrow, מָקוֹם צָ֑ר Nu 22:26, צַר מִמֶּנּוּ 2 K 6:1 too narrow for us, cf. צַר־לִי הַמָּקוֹם Is 49:20 (of land of Judah after exile); בְּאֵר צָרָה Pr 23:27 (fig. of harlot; i.e. rescue difficult; ‖ שׁוּחָה עֲמֻקָּה); כַּנָּהָר צָר Is 59:19 like a contracted (and hence swift, powerful) river (sim. of י׳; Klo נְהַר מָצוֹר, CheHpt. נ׳ מִצֹּר, both ‘of Egypt’); סָגוּר חוֹתָם צָ֑ר Jb 41:7 (of scaly back of crocodile), usually closely joined (as) with tight seal (𝔊 Me Bi Hoffm Bu Du חוֹתַם צֹד with seal of flint, but why specify material?); בְּיוֹם צָרָה צַר כֹּחֶ֑כָה Pr 24:10 thy strength will be narrow, limited (si vera l., cf. Toy).

μόλῐς, adverb, post-Refs 8th c.BC+, prevailing in Trag., Comedy texts, and Attic dialect prose, though in Refs 5th c.BC+ the Laur. Ms. gives each form twice, the same Ms. of Refs 5th c.BC+; μ. μέν, ἀλλ᾽ ὅμως ἠνεσχόμην Refs 5th c.BC+; ζῶντι καὶ μάλα μ. nay, only just alive, Refs 5th c.BC+; μ. καὶ ἠρέμα πάσχειν scarcely at all.., Refs 4th c.BC+ not scarcely, i.e. quite, utterly, ἀπώλεσας οὐ μ. Refs 4th c.BC+; θέλουσαν οὐ μ. καλεῖς Refs 5th c.BC+

πρόσκομμα, ατος, τό, (προσκόπτω) stumble, λίθου πρόσκομμα LXX; ὁ λίθος τοῦ π. NT: hence, offence, obstacle, hindrance, LXX+NT __II result of stumbling, bruise, hurt, προσκομμάτων ἀπόλυσις Refs 1st c.AD+

† מָצוֹק n.[m.] straitness, straits, stress;—always abs. מ׳;—כָּל־אִישׁ מ׳ 1 S 22:2 every man of straits (in straits); בְּמָצוֹר וּבְמ׳ Dt 28:53, 55, 57; Je 19:9 (all of national straits); צַר־וּמ׳ מְצָאוּנִי ψ 119:143; perhaps read מָצוֹק also 32:6, for מצא רק, cf. Du Br.

† אָסוֹן n.m. mischief, evil, harm; always abs. without art. Gn 42:4, 38 (as subj. of קרא), 44:29 (קרה), Ex 21:22, 23 (היה).

† [שָׁאַן] vb. Paʿl. (Ges§ 55d) be at ease or at peace, rest securely (Syriac ܫܰܝܶܢ pacify, ܫܰܝܢܳܐ, Ethiopic ስንእ; peace);—Pf. 3 ms. שַׁאֲנַן Je 48:11, וְשׁ׳ consec. 30:10 +; 3 pl. שַׁאֲנָ֑נוּ Jb 3:18;—be at ease, secure, undisturbed by ill fortune: וְשָׁקַט וְשׁ׳ וְאֵין מַחֲרִיד Je 30:10 = 46:27; 48:11 (of Moab); שׁ׳ מִפַּחַד רָעָה Pr 1:33; of rest from trouble, etc., in grave Jb 3:18.

† I. [שָׁלָה, שָׁלֵו] vb. be quiet, at ease (Ecclus 47:13 שלוה prosperity, 41:lc שליו prosperous, at ease; ܫܠܴܐ be tranquil, quiet, cease; 𝔗 שְׁלָא, שְׁלִי be at ease, then be careless, thoughtless, go astray [for Heb. שָׁגָה, שָׁגַג

εἰρην-εύω, bring to peace, reconcile, Refs 2nd c.AD+ __II intransitive, keep peace, live peaceably, NT+5th c.BC+:—middle, πρὸς τοὺς κρείττους εἰρηνεύεσθαι Refs 4th c.BC+; χώρα -ομένη ἐκ παλαιοῦ Refs 2nd c.BC+

κινδυν-εύω, future -σω Refs 5th c.BC+.α᾽, etc.: perfect κεκινδύνευκα Refs 5th c.BC+:—passive, mostly in present: future κινδυνευθήσομαι Refs 5th c.BC+: aorist and perfect, see below 3: (κίνδυνος):—to be daring, run risk, κ. πρὸς πολλούς, πρὸς τοὺς πολεμίους, Refs 5th c.BC+; κ. εἰς τὴν Αῐγυπτον venture thither, Refs 5th c.BC+ __b absolutely, make a venture, take a risk, Refs 5th c.BC+; to be in dire peril, Refs 5th c.BC+; to be in danger, Refs 4th c.BC+; of a sick person, Refs 5th c.BC+; especially engage in war, Refs 5th c.BC+; τοῦ χωρίου κινδυνεύοντος the post being in peril, Refs 5th c.BC+; ὁ κινδυνεύων τόπος the place of danger, Refs 2nd c.BC+ __2 with dative, κ. τῷ σώματι, τῇ ψυχῇ, Refs 5th c.BC+; κ. ἁπάσῃ τῇ Ἑλλάδι run a risk with all Greece, i.e. endanger it all, Refs; τίσιν οὖν ὑμεῖς κινδυνεύσαιτ᾽ ἄν..; in what points.. ? Refs 4th c.BC+; κ. τοῖς ὅλοις πράγμασι, τῷ βίῳ, Refs 2nd c.BC+: frequently with Preps., κ. ἐν τοῖς σώμασι Refs 5th c.BC+; κ. περὶ [τῆς Πελοποννήσου] Refs 5th c.BC+; but κ. περὶ δισχιλίους go into battle with a force of Refs 5th c.BC+ __3 with accusative cognate, venture, hazard, τοὺς ἐσχάτους κινδύνους Refs 5th c.BC+; τὴν ψευδομαρτυρίαν hazard a prosecution for perjury, Refs 4th c.BC+:—passive, to be ventured or hazarded, μεταβολὴ κινδυνεύεται there is risk of change, Refs 5th c.BC+; ὁποτέρως ἔσται, ἐν ἀδήλῳ κινδυνεύεται remains in hazardous uncertainty, Refs 4th c.BC+; κεκινδυνευμένον a venturous enterprise, Refs 5th c.BC+; τὰ κινδυνευθέντα, ={τὰ κινδυνεύματα}, Refs 5th c.BC+ __4 with infinitive, run the risk of doing or being.., τὸν στρατὸν κινδυνεύσει ἀποβαλεῖν LXX+5th c.BC+; then, __4.b to express chance, i.e. what may possibly or probably happen: with present, perfect, or aorist infinitive, κινδυνεύουσι οἱ ἄνθρωποι οὗτοι γόητες εἶναι they run a risk of being reputed conjurers, Refs 5th c.BC+; κινδυνεύσομεν βοηθεῖν we shall probably have to assist, Refs 5th c.BC+; κ. ἡ ἀληθὴς δόξα ἐπιστήμη εἶναι seems likely to be.., Refs; κινδυνεύσεις ἐπιδεῖξαι χρηστὸς εἶναι you will have the chance of showing your worth, Refs 5th c.BC+; κ. ἀναμφιλογώτατον ἀγαθὸν εἶναιRefs 5th c.BC+; τὰ συσσίτια κινδυνεύει συναγαγεῖν he probably organized the σ., Refs; κινδυνεύω πεπονθέναι ὅπερ.. Refs: with future infinitive, uncertain in Refs 5th c.BC+; κινδυνεύει impersonal, it may be, possibly, as an affirmatative answer, Refs 5th c.BC+; out of courtesy, when no real doubt is implied, κινδυνεύεις ἀληθῆ λέγειν you may very likely be right, Refs __5 passive, to be endangered or imperilled, ἐν ἑνὶ ἀνδρὶ πολλῶν ἀρετὰς κ. Refs 5th c.BC+:— but passive in sense of active uncertain in Refs

στενοχωρ-ία, Ionic dialect -ίη, ἡ, narrowness of space, a confined space, Refs 5th c.BC+; want of room, by sea or land, Refs 5th c.BC+; opposed to εὐρυχωρία and ἄνεσις, Refs 1st c.AD+, compare 182b; σ. βίου the short space of life remaining, Refs 2nd c.AD+ __II metaphorically, straits, difficulty, ἡ σ. τοῦ ποταμοῦ difficulty of passing the river, LXX+5th c.BC+; distress, Refs 2nd c.BC+; ἡ τῆς πόλεως NT+2nd c.BC+; also, narrow limits, probably in Refs 5th c.BC+

ἀδημονέω, to be sorely troubled or dismayed, be in anguish, Refs 5th c.BC+; ὑπό τινος to be puzzled by.., Refs 4th c.BC+, which is found only as variant in Refs 5th c.BC+

Included with: δύσ-κολος, ον, (κόλον): __I of persons, properly hard to satisfy with food Refs 2nd c.AD+: but, generally, hard to please, discontented, fretful, peevish, Refs 5th c.BC+; of animals, intractable, Refs adverb δυσκόλως, ἔχειν, διακεῖσθαι πρός τιναRefs 5th c.BC+ __II of things, troublesome, harassing, δ. ἡ ἡνιόχησις Refs 5th c.BC+: generally, unpleasant, ἄν τι δ. συμβῇ Refs 4th c.BC+; καιροὶ δ. difficult times, Refs. adverb -λως, ὑπακούειν Refs 5th c.BC+ __II.2 difficult to explain, Refs 4th c.BC+; δ. ἐστι it is difficult, NT+1st c.AD+; τὰ μὲν ῥάδια.. τὰ δὲ δ. Refs 1st c.BC+. adverb -λως hardly, with difficulty, NT

στενός, Ionic dialect στεινός, ή, όν, Aeolic dialect στένος Refs 7th c.BC+:— narrow, opposed to εὐρύς, πλατύς, Refs 5th c.BC+; ψαλίς Refs 5th c.BC+; πόροςRefs 5th c.BC+; ἐν στενῷ, Ionic dialect στεινῷ, in a narrow space, Refs 5th c.BC+. ; ποιεῖν τὸν δῆμον εὐρὺν καὶ σ. Refs 5th c.BC+; πόροι, φλέβες, Refs 5th c.BC+; κεφαλή, πόδες, Refs 5th c.BC+ __2 substantive, τὰ σ. the narrows, straits, of a pass, Refs 5th c.BC+; of a sea, Refs 5th c.BC+; of the straits of Gibraltar, Refs 1st c.BC+; so τὸ σ. the strait Refs 5th c.BC+; also ἡ στενή a narrow strip of land, Refs 5th c.BC+; τὰ σ. passes, defiles, Refs 5th c.BC+ __II metaphorically, close, confined, ἀπειληθέντες ἐς στεινόν driven into a corner, Refs 5th c.BC+ __II.2 scanty, petty, Refs 5th c.BC+; small-minded, narrow-minded, in adverb comparative, Refs 3rd c.AD+ __II.3 of sound and style, thin, meagre, Refs 4th c.BC+; hard to pronounce, συλλαβὴ σ. καὶ δύστομος Refs 5th c.BC+, στενότερος in Refs 5th c.BC+; and στενοτάτου is required by the metre in Refs 2nd c.BC+; the form στενώτερος is however found in Refs 5th c.BC+ __III adverb, στενῶς διακεῖσθαι to be in difficulties, LXX+3rd c.BC+

στενοχωρ-έω, to be straitened, confined, Refs 3rd c.BC+: metaphorically, to be anxious, in difficulty, ἐπί τινι Refs 5th c.BC+ __II transitive, crowd, straiten, τοὺς ἀπαντῶντας Refs 2nd c.AD+; τὰς πύλας, τὰς ὁδούς, Refs 2nd c.AD+:—passive, with future middle Refs 4th c.AD+, to be crowded together, Refs 1st c.BC+; ἐν ταὐτῷ σ. Refs 1st c.BC+; of stricture, Refs 1st c.AD+; to be cramped or confined, ὁ Εὐφράτης -ούμενος Refs 8th c.BC+; of a picture, Refs 4th c.AD+ __II.2 metaphorically, press closely, tina LXX:—passive, to be straitened, cramped,LXX+5th c.AD+; ἐν τοῖς σπλάγχνοις NT; ὑπὸ τῶν κακῶν Refs 5th c.BC+

ὕβρις [ῠ by nature, ῡ by position in Epic dialect etc.], ἡ, genitive εως Refs 5th c.BC+, Epic dialect and Ionic dialect ιος Refs 8th c.BC+:— wanton violence, arising from the pride of strength or from passion, insolence, frequently in Refs 8th c.BC+, mostly of the suitors, μνηστήρων, τῶν ὕ. τε βίη τε σιδήρεον οὐρανὸν ἵκει Refs 8th c.BC+; θεοὶ.. ἀνθρώπων ὕβριν τε καὶ εὐνομίην ἐφορῶντεςRefs 8th c.BC+; joined with ὀλιγωρίη, Refs 5th c.BC+: predicated of actions, ἆρ᾽ οὐχ ὕβρις τάδ; Refs 5th c.BC+; ὕβρει in wantonness or insolence, Refs 5th c.BC+; δι᾽ ὕβριν Refs 5th c.BC+ __2 lust, lewdness, opposed to σωφροσύνη, Refs 6th c.BC+ __3 of animals, violence, Refs 5th c.BC+ __II ={ὕβρισμα}, an outrage (though it is frequently difficult to separate this concrete sense from the abstract), Refs 8th c.BC+ her outrage towards.., Refs 5th c.BC+; ἡ κατ᾽ Ἀργείων (-ους codices Refs 5th c.BC+ towards him, Refs: plural, wanton acts, outrages, Refs 8th c.BC+ __II.2 an outrage on the person, especially violation, rape, Refs 5th c.BC+ __II.3 in Law, a term covering all the more serious injuries done to the person, Refs 5th c.BC+ __III used of a loss by sea, NT+5th c.BC+ __B as masculine, ={ὑβριστής}, a violent, overbearing man, κακῶν ῥεκτῆρα καὶ ὕβριν ἀνέρα Refs 8th c.BC+

† הֹוָה n.f. ruin, disaster (cf. sub הַוָּה) Ez 7:26(×2) הֹוָה עַל הֹוָה תָבוֹא disaster shall come upon disaster, Is 47:11 וְתִפֹּל עָלַיִךְ הֹוָה disaster shall fall upon thee (‖ רָעָה, שֹׁאָה).

† חֲבָל n.m. Dn 6:24 hurt, injury;—abs. ח׳ Dn 3:25; 6:24, cf. RÉS 362 A 2; emph. חֲבָלָא Ezr 4:22.

† II. יֵ֫צֶר n.pr.m. son of Naphtali Gn 46:24 = 1 Ch 7:13, Nu 26:49 (P).

† [כָּאָה] vb.Niph. be disheartened, cowed (cf. Arabic كَأْكَأَ draw back timidly, كَآءَ abstain through timidity)— Niph. Pf. וְנִכְאָה consec. Dn 11:30 then shall he be cowed; Pt. נִכְאֵה לֵבָב ψ 109:16 downhearted (‖ עָנִי וְאֶבְיוֹן). Hiph. Inf. cstr. הַכְאוֹת לֵב צַדִּיק Ez 13:22; but 𝔊 𝔗 Co הכאבתן v. כָּאַב" dir="rtl" >כָּאַב.

† II. מוּצָק, מוּצַק n.[m.] constraint, distress;—abs. מוּצָק Is 8:23 distress; abs. also מוּצַק Jb 36:16, of distress as constraint (opp. רַחַב); רֹחַב מַיִם בְּמוּצָ֑ק 37:10, lit. in constraint (i.e. forzen).—i. מוּצָק v. יצק.

† מֵצַר n.[m.] straits, distress;—abs. מִן־הַמֵּצַר קָרָאתִי ψ 118:5; pl. הַמְּצָרִים La 1:3 the distresses, of conquered Judah; cstr. מְצָרֵי שְׁאוֹל ψ 116:3 the straits of Sheol, i.e. the worst possible (‖ חֶבְלֵי־מָוֶת).

† I. [שָׁבַח] vb. Pi. soothe, still (Arabic سَبَخَ be free from care, etc., JenZA i (1886), 188; iv (1889), 268, cp. Assyrian pašâḫu, grow calm, so BaES 9 SchulthLex.);— Pi. Impf. 3 ms. sf. יְשַׁבְּחֶ֑נָּה Pr 29:11 he stilleth it, i.e. רוּחוֹ his temper (Bi Toy read חָשַׁךְ אַפּוֹ); 2 ms. sf. תְּשַׁבְּחֵם ψ 89:10 thou stillest them, i.e. waves (‖ גֵּאוּת הַיָּם). Hiph. Pt. prob. Mass error for Pi. מְשַׁבֵּחַ) מַשְׁבִּיחַ שְׁאוֹן יַמּים ψ 65:8 stilling the roar of the seas.

† שָׁלוּ n.f. neglect, remissness (𝔗 id.);—abs. שׁ׳ Ezr 4:22; 6:9 Dn 6:5 + 3:29 Qr; Kt שׁלה usually thought an error for שׁלו; Hi Bev M (perhaps) expl. as שֵׁלָה = שְׁאֵלָה = thing, affair (4:14).

† שְׁלָם n.m.Dn 3:31 welfare, prosperity;—in greetings: abs. Ezr 4:17 prosperity! emph. שְׁלָמָא 5:7; sf. שְׁלָֽמְכוֹן יַשְׂגִּיא Dn 3:31; 6:26.

† שָֽׁמְרָ֑יִן n.pr.loc. (BH שֹׁמְרוֹן, I. שָׁמַר);—Ezr 4:7, 10.

† תֹּךְ ii. תּוֹךְ n.m. injury, oppression;—abs. תֹּךְ, + מִרְמָה ψ 10:7; 55:12 (so Gi; Baer תּוֹךְ); תּוֹךְ, + חָמָס (gloss) 72:14; pl. אִישׁ תְּכָכִים Pr 29:13 oppressor (𝔙 creditor; cf. אישׁ חמסים 2 S 22:49 ψ 140:2, 5).—i. תּוֹךְ v. תָּוֶךְ.

Related to: βαρέω, Aeolic dialect βορ-, see below, future -ήσωRefs 2nd c.AD+: perfect βεβάρηκα Refs 2nd c.AD+:—passive, see below:—weigh down, depress, βαρήσει ταῦτα τὸ πορθμεῖον Refs 2nd c.AD+; τὸ ἔθνος ἐβάρει ταῖς εἰσφοραῖς Refs 1st c.AD+ [same place]:—passive, κῆρ.. βόρηται Refs 7th c.BC+; β. τῷ ἐκφορίῳ Refs 2nd c.AD+: with accusative, to be indignant at, αὐτῶν τὴν εὐγένειαν Refs 2nd c.AD+ __2 charge an account, Refs 6th c.AD+ __II intransitive in Epic dialect perfect participle βεβαρηώς weighed down, heavy, οῐνῳ βεβαρηότες Refs 8th c.BC+:—later, perfect participle passive βεβαρημένος, μεθυσθεὶς τοῦ νέκταρος β. ηὗδεν Refs 5th c.BC+; τοὺς ὀφθαλμοὺς β. ὑπ᾽ οἴνουNT+3rd c.BC+; οἷον βεβαρημένος as though pregnant, Refs 3rd c.AD+:—passive, present βαρέεται Refs 5th c.BC+: aorist ἐβαρήθην Refs 1st c.BC+: perfect βεβάρηται Refs

ἡσῠχ-ιος, Doric dialect ἁσ- (variant ἡσ-), ον,= ἥσυχος, still, quiet, at rest, ἡσύχιον δ᾽ ἄρα μιν πολέμου ἔκπεμπε Refs 8th c.BC+; also in Prose, τρόπον ἡ. of a quiet disposition, Refs 5th c.BC+; οἱ ἡ. Refs 5th c.BC+; τὸ ἡ. τῆς εἰρήνης (variant{ἥσυχον}) Refs 5th c.BC+ more reposeful, Refs 1st c.BC+. adverb -ίωςRefs 5th c.BC+

καταστέλλω, future - Refs 5th c.BC+ (for Aeolic dialect forms see at {κασπολέω}): —put in order, arrange, [πλόκαμον] Refs 5th c.BC+ [same place]; equip, clothe, dress, Refs 6th c.BC+ __II let down, lower, Refs 1st c.BC+; κ. τὰ βράγχια shut them, Refs 1st c.AD+ 2.979c; press down, Refs 2nd c.AD+. __II.2 repress, restrain, Refs 5th c.BC+, compare 547b, etc.:—passive, Refs; of persons, to be placed under restraint, reduced to order, Refs 2nd c.BC+ of calm, sedate character, opposed to τολμηρός, Refs 1st c.BC+ __II.3 in Medicine texts, reduce, Refs 1st c.AD+.

συνθλίβω [ῑ], press together, compress, Refs 4th c.BC+; of a crowd, NT:—passive, Refs 5th c.BC+; συντεθλιμμένον ἤτοι συνεπτυγμένον ἄργυρον, = collisum argentum, Refsaorist 2 συνεθλίβην [ῐ] Refs 1st c.AD+

συνοχ-ή, ἡ, (συνέχω) holding together, μηχανημάτων Refs 4th c.AD+; grasping in the hand, ῥόας Refs 2nd c.AD+ __2 maintenance, control, σ. ἡ ἑαυτοῦ selfmaintenance, Refs 4th c.BC+ __II (συνέχομαι) a being held together, __II.1 contraction, ἐν ξυνοχῇσιν ὁδοῦ where the road contracts, at a narrow part of the road, Refs 8th c.BC+; ἁλὸς ἐν ξυνοχῇσιν in the narrows or straits, Refs 3rd c.BC+ __II.2 conflict in battle, ἐνὶ ξυνοχῇσιν ἀγῶνος Refs 3rd c.BC+ __II.3 continuity, Refs 4th c.BC+; coherence, σ. καὶ ἕνωσις τῶν μερῶν Refs 5th c.AD+; combination of elements, Refs 3rd c.AD+ __II.3.b intension or connotation, Refs 5th c.AD+ __II.4 line of union, meeting-place, βλεφάρων Refs 5th c.AD+; ξ. χιτῶνος the joining of the tunic on the shoulder, Refs 3rd c.BC+; ἡ κατὰ τὴν ἐσθῆτα σ. the clinging of the garment to the body, Refs 2nd c.AD+ __II.5 metaphorically, distress, affliction, NT; oppression, Refs 2nd c.AD+; detention, imprisonment, Refs 1st c.BC+: but of going to bed in disease, ἀκίνδυνος ἔσται ἡ σ. Refs 2nd c.BC+ __II.6 trap, gin, snare, LXX

† מַכְשֵׁלָה n.f. 1. overthrown mass. 2. stumbling-block;— 1. fig. of kingdom Is 3:6. 2. pl. הַמַּכְשֵׁלוֹת Zp 1:3 stumbling-blocks = idols (cf. מִכְשׁוֹל 2 c), but rather dub.; We thinks a gloss. Schwally ZAW x. (1890), 169 reads וְכִשַּׁלְתִּי and I will cause the wicked to stumble.

† נֶ֫כֶר [נֹ֫כֶר] n.[m.] misfortune, calamity;—abs. נֶכֶר Jb 31:3 calamity (‖ אֵיד); sf. נָכְרוֹ Ob 12 his calamity.

† בַּצָּרָה n.f. dearth, destitution (i.e. diminution, cf. ܒܨܺܝܪܽܘܬܳܐ PS572; v. also vb. בצר 𝔗 Pr 14:28 people reduced)—dearth (= בצרת) עִתּוֹת בּ׳ ψ 9:10; 10:1; pl. בַּצָּרוֹת Je 14:1.

† [רָעַץ] vb. shatter (Aramaic רְעַץ smite, shatter; cf. perhaps TelAm. raḫâṣu, WklTelAm. 128, 31; 137, 32); Qal Impf. 3 fs. יְמִינְךָ י׳ תִּרְעַץ אוֹיֵב Ex 15:6; 3 m. pl. וַיִּרְעֲצוּ Ju 10:8, acc. pers. (of men; ‖ וַיְרֹצְצוּ).

ἀπο-θλίβω [ῑ], squeeze out, τοὺς ὄρχειςRefs 4th c.BC+; τῆς χώρας from the place, Refs 2nd c.AD+ __2 press or force back, τὸ αἷμαRefs 5th c.BC+ __3 press tightly, τὰ κράσπεδαRefs 4th c.BC+press upon, crowd, NT __4 crush, LXX __II Grammars, drop a letter in the middle of a word, Refs 2nd c.AD+ __III oppress much, LXX+2nd c.AD+passive, πρὸς τὸ τὴν πόλιν ἀποθλιβῆναι Wilcken Refs 2nd c.BC+

ἐγκοπ-ή, ἡ, incision, Refs 2nd c.AD+; fracture of skull, Refs 1st c.AD+ __2 steps cut in the wall of wells, etc., Refs 2nd c.AD+ __II hindrance, οἴησις προκοπῆς ἐ. NT+1st c.BC+; material obstacle, Refs 1st c.BC+; interruption, check, τῆς ἁρμονίας Refs 1st c.BC+; κατ᾽ ἐγκοπάς disjointedly, Refs 3rd c.AD+

εἰρηνο-ποιέω, to make peace, LXX+NT:—middle, make peaceful, [ψυχὴ] τὸν ἴδιον δρόμον -εῖται Refs 2nd c.AD+

εἰρηνο-ποιός, ὁ, peace-maker, NT+5th c.BC+ __II plural, = Latin Refs

ἐπισφαλ-ής, ές, (σφάλλομαι) prone to fall, unstable, precarious, τὰ μεγάλα πάντα ἐπισφαλῆ Refs 5th c.BC+; ἐπισφαλές [ἐστι] Refs 4th c.BC+ __II (σφάλλω) making to fall, misleading, εἰς βλάβην Refs 1st c.AD+ __II.2 dangerous, νόσημα Refs 5th c.BC+: superlative -εστάτη, χώρα Refs 2nd c.AD+; ἐπισφαλές [ἐστι] παρακοῦσαι Refs 4th c.BC+ adverb -λῶς, ἔχειν, διακεῖσθαι, to be in danger, LXX+2nd c.BC+: superlative -έστατα, περᾶσαι Refs 1st c.AD+ __II.3 dubious, adverb comparative -έστερον AristeasRefs

εὐνο-έω, to be well-inclined or favourable, with dative, τοῖσι ἐμοῖσι πρήγμασι Refs 5th c.BC+; τινι Refs 5th c.BC+be at peace with, NT+5th c.BC+; ὁ εὐνοῶν one's well-wisher, Refs 4th c.BC+:—middle, Refs 3rd c.BC+:—passive, to be kindly or affectionately treated, uncertain reading in Refs 4th c.BC+; to be liked, ὑπὸ θεῶν καὶ ὑπὸ γυναικῶν Refs 4th c.AD+

εὐπερί-στᾰτος, ον, easily besetting, ἁμαρτία NT; perhaps leading to distress, compare περίστασις; εὐπερίστατον, ={εὔκολον},{εὐχερῆ}, Refs 5th c.AD+

ἤρεμ-ος, ον, later form for ἠρεμαῖος, quiet, ἤ. καὶ ἡσύχιος βίος NT+5th c.BC+; -ώτερος ἐπισπασμός gentler traction, Refs 2nd c.AD+ __2 τὸ ἤ. smoothness, of pigments, Refs 4th c.BC+ __3 adverb -μως quietly, Refs 2nd c.AD+. (Cf. Lithuanian rìmti 'grow still', Gothic rimis (= ἡσυχία), Sanskrit ramṇāti 'set at rest'.)

κάκ-ωσις [ᾰ], εως, ἡ, (κᾰκόω) ill-treatment, τοῦ ἡγεμόνος Refs 5th c.BC+; oppression, τοῦ λαοῦ LXX __2 especially in Law, ill-usage, of persons by their natural protectors, ὁ τῆς κ. νόμος Refs 5th c.BC+; κ. γονέων, ὀρφανῶν, ἐπικλήρου, οἴκου ὀρφανικοῦ, Refs 4th c.BC+; τοκέων κ. Refs 4th c.BC+; also κ. ἐπαρχίας misgovernment, of the Rom. actio repetundarum, Refs 1st c.AD+ __II suffering, distress, Refs 5th c.BC+; of the effects of disease, Refs 5th c.BC+

μόγῐς, Aeolic dialect μύγις Refs 6th c.AD+: adverb, (μόγος) with toil and pain, i. e. hardly, scarcely, NT+8th c.BC+ is rare in Attic dialect Prose, except in Refs 5th c.BC+; both forms in codices of Refs 8th c.BC+

πῐέζω, imperfect ἐπίεζον, Epic dialect πίεζον Refs 8th c.BC+: future πιέσω Refs 4th c.BC+; Epic dialect πιέσσω Refs 4th c.AD+: aorist ἐπίεσα Refs 5th c.BC+ (but subjunctive πιέξῃς Refs 5th c.BC+, infinitive πιέξαι Refs 4th c.BC+participle πιέξας (variant{πιάξας}) Refs 2nd c.BC+: perfect πεπίεκα Refs 2nd c.BC+:—passive, future πιεσθήσομαι Refs 2nd c.AD+ (δια-), Heliod cited in Refs 4th c.AD+: aorist ἐπιέσθην Refs 8th c.BC+: perfect πεπίεσμαι Refs 5th c.BC+—From πῐεζέω we have πιεζέουσι variant in Refsimperfect πιέζευν variant in Refs 8th c.BC+; participle πιεζεῦντα Refs 5th c.BC+:—passive, participle πιεζεύμενος Refs 5th c.BC+ (always with variant -όμενος), Refs 5th c.BC+: imperfect ἐπιεζοῦντο Refs 2nd c.BC+; so in later Gr., as Refs 1st c.AD+; Doric dialect, Aeolic dialect, and later Gr. πῐάζω Refs 7th c.BC+: aorist 1 ἐπίᾰσα LXX+NT+3rd c.BC+passive, future πιασθήσομαι LXX: aorist ἐπιάσθην NT: perfect πεπίασμαι Refs 1st c.BC+:—press tight, squeeze, χειρὶ ἑλὼν ἐπίεζε βραχίονα Refs 8th c.BC+; ἀστεμφέως ἐχέμεν μᾶλλόν τε π. Refs 8th c.BC+; π. τὰ χείλεα compress them, Refs 5th c.BC+; ῥύγχος εἰς ὄξος π. Refs 4th c.BC+; π. τοὺς ὑπευθύνους squeezing them (like figs), to try if they are ripe, Refs 5th c.BC+:—passive, to be pressed tight, ἐν δεσμοῖς Refs 8th c.BC+; of wrestlers, Refs 1st c.AD+; πιέζεται ὅσα πόρους ἔχει κενούς are compressible, Refs 4th c.BC+ __II press or weigh down, of a heavy weight, Σικελία αὐτοῦ π. στέρνα Refs 5th c.BC+:—and in passive, ὁ δ᾽ ὦμος.. πιέζεται Refs 5th c.BC+: metaphorically, oppress, distress, π. τινὰ ἡ δαπάνη Refs 5th c.BC+; συμφορὰ δ᾽ἑτέρους ἑτέρα π. Refs 5th c.BC+; π. ἡ ἀνάγκηRefs 5th c.BC+:—frequently in passive, ὑπὸ νούσοισι Refs 6th c.BC+; of a river, to be exhausted from the heat of the sun, Refs __II.2 press hard, of a victorious army, τοὺς ἐναντίους Refs —passive, τὴν πιεζομένην μάλιστα τῶν μοιρέωνRefs 5th c.BC+ __II.3 bear hardly upon, τινα Refs 5th c.BC+; of a point in the argument, hold fast to, Refs 5th c.BC+; press it, Refs 2nd c.BC+ [same place], etc.; lay stress on, Refs 1st c.AD+: with dative, insist upon, τοῖσι περιπάτοισι Refs 5th c.BC+ __II.3.b determine precisely, ἀποστήματα Refs 5th c.AD+; π. δεῖ πῶς ἓν ἐκεῖνο καὶ ἕτερον Refs 3rd c.AD+ __II.4 repress, stifle, ἐν θυμῷ χόλον Refs 5th c.BC+ __II.5 outweigh, τἀγαθῷ τὸ δυστυχές Refs 5th c.BC+ __III later, lay hold of, ταῦρον.. πιάξας τᾶς ὁπλᾶς by the hoof, NT+3rd c.BC+

προσ-κοπή, ἡ, = πρόσκομμα, __B offence taken, φθόνος καὶ π. Refs 2nd c.BC+; πρός τινα ἀλλοτριότης καὶ π. Refs 1st c.BC+; νοσήματα κατὰ προσκοπὴν γινόμενα, i.e. antipathies, Refs 3rd c.BC+ give no cause of offence, NT

σχολή, ἡ, leisure, rest, ease, Refs 5th c.BC+; opposed to ἀσχολία, Refs 4th c.BC+; σχολὴν ἄγειν to be at leisure, enjoy ease, keep quiet, Refs 5th c.BC+; ἐπί τινι for a thing, Refs 5th c.BC+; τινι Refs 2nd c.AD+; σ. ἀγαγεῖν ἐπί τινα to give up one's time to him, Refs; σ. ἔχειν to have leisure, Refs 5th c.BC+; ἀμφὶ ἑαυτόν for one's own business, Refs 5th c.BC+; σ. ποιεῖσθαι to find leisure, πρός τι Refs: with infinitive, Refs 5th c.BC+; μὴ σχολὴν τίθει, i.e. make haste, Refs 5th c.BC+; σχολή [ἐστί] μοι I have time, οὐ σχολὴ αὐτῷ Refs 5th c.BC+; οὐκ οὔσης σ. Refs 5th c.BC+: with infinitive, οὔτοι.. τῇδ᾽ ἐμοὶ σ. πάρα τρίβειν Refs 4th c.BC+; εἴ τῳ καὶ λογίζεσθαι σ. Refs 5th c.BC+; καταβαίνειν οὐ σ. Refs 5th c.BC+; σχολὴ ἐδόκει γίγνεσθαι he thought he had plenty of time, Refs 5th c.BC+; σ. διδόναι, παρέχειν τινί, Refs 5th c.BC+; τὴν τοῦ πράττοντος σ. περιμένειν to wait his leisure, Refs 5th c.BC+; σχολῆς τόδ᾽ ἔργον a work for leisure, i.e. requiring attention, Refs 5th c.BC+ at leisure, Refs 5th c.BC+ __2 with genitive, leisure, rest from a thing, ἔν τινι σχολῇ κακοῦ Refs 5th c.BC+; σ. ἄγειν ἀπό τινος to keep clear of.., Refs 5th c.BC+; ἡ τῶν ἀναγκαίων σ. Refs 4th c.BC+ __3 idleness, τίκτει γὰρ οὐδὲν ἐσθλὸν εἰκαία σ. Refs 5th c.BC+ __II that in which leisure is employed, οὐ κάμνω σχολῇ I am not weary of talk, Refs; especially learned discussion, disputation, lecture, Refs 5th c.BC+; ταῦτ᾽ οὐ σχολὴ Πλάτωνο; Refs 1st c.BC+; ἠθικαὶ σ., title of work by Persaeus, Refs 1st c.BC+ __II.2 a group to whom lectures were given, school, Refs 4th c.BC+; σ. ἔχειν to keep a school, Refs 2nd c.AD+; σχολῆς ἡγεῖσθαι to be master of it, Refs 1st c.BC+ __II.3 Latin schola, ={σχολαστήριον}, Refs 1st c.BC+ __III σχολαί, αἱ, regiments of the Imperial guard, Refs 6th c.AD+ see at {διέδριον}; Latin scholae, Refs 4th c.AD+ __III.b section of an office, Refs 6th c.AD+; of the Refs 'schools' of shorthand writers, Refs 6th c.AD+ __B σχολῇ as adverb, in a leisurely way, tardily, ἤνυτον σ. βραδύς Refs 5th c.BC+; ἄτρεμά τε καὶ σ. Refs 2nd c.BC+ __B.2 at one's leisure, i.e. scarcely, hardly, not at all, Refs 5th c.BC+ b: frequently in apodosi, to introduce an a fortioriargument, εἰ δὲ μὴ.., ἦ που σχολῇ.. γε if not so.., hardly or much less so.., Refs 5th c.BC+; ὁπότε γὰρ.., answered by σ. γε, Refs 5th c.BC+

† II. צַר n.[m.] straits, distress;—abs. צ׳ Jb 15:24 +, also c. art. בַּצַּר Ho 5:15 +, צָ֑ר ψ 4:2 +;—straits, distress Is 5:30; Jb 15:24 ψ 32:7; 60:13 108:13 צַר־וּמָצוֹק 119:143; עֵת־צ׳ Jb 38:23, cf. בַּצַּר Is 26:16, בַּצָּ֑ר ψ 4:2; צ׳־רוּהִי Jb 7:11 distress of my spirit; לֶחֶם צַר Is 30:20; לֹא צָ֗ר Is 63:9 usually he (י׳) had distress (reading לִוֹ Qr), but 𝔊 οὐ πρέσβυς, Du CheHpt. al. לֹא צִר, no messenger (but) his own face, etc.; cf. Jb 36:16, 19. Instead of sf. directly appended, ל sf. is used (only after ב): בַּצַּר־לִי in my distress ψ 18:7 = 2 S 22:7, ψ 66:14, so בְּיוֹם צַר(־)לִי 59:17; 102:3; בַּצַּר לְךָ Dt 4:30 (prob. orig. meant as בְּצַר, or בְּצֹר [inf.], Dr; so) בַּצַּר־לוֹ Is 25:4; 2 Ch 15:4, בַּצַּר לָהֶם Ho 5:15 ψ 107:6, 13, 19, 28, also (after רָאָה) 106:44—צַר 1 S 2:32 is corrupt. III. צַר v. II. צָרַר.

† [הוּן] vb. be easy (Arabic هَانَ be light, easy, cf. هَوْنٌ, هَيْنٌ (v. אוּן), Aramaic NH הוֹן gentleness, ܗܽܘܢ, ܗܰܘܢܳܐ is mind, sense; vid. conject. on development of meanings Fl ChWB i. 423)—only Hiph. Impf. וַתָּהִינוּ sq. Inf. Dt 1:41 regard as easy to go up, or make light of going up; so Thes Kn Ke Di RVm (construct. as Nu 14:44 וַיַּעְפִּלוּ לִעֲלוֹת, though ‖ to this in Dt is v 43).

† חֲבוּלָא n.f. hurtful act, crime;—abs. ח׳ Dn 6:23.

כְּבֵדֻת n.f. heaviness, וַיְנַהֲגֵהוּ בִּכ׳ Ex 14:25 (J) and they drave them with heaviness (difficulty).

† [כְּרָא] vb. Ithpe. be distressed (cf. כַּרְיָא iii. adj. suffering, כְּרִיוּתָא n. id. DWB 197; Syriac ܟܶܪܝܰܬ ܠܝ be short, abridged, ܟܰܪܝܽܘܬܳܐ it grieved me; ܟܪܰܗ pain, grief; cf. Assyrian kûru, pain; also ܟܰܪܒܳܠܬܳܐ (der. spec.) be ill, Arabic كَرِهَ dislike, shrink from);—Pf. 3 fs. אִתְכְּרִיַּת רוּחִי (K§ 47. Beisp. 2) Dn 7:15.

† [מָחַק] vb. utterly destroy, annihilate (cf. GFM) (NH id., wipe or rub off, erase; Aramaic מְחַק id.; Arabic مَحَقَ utterly destroy, annihilate);—only 3 fs.: מָֽחֲקָה רֹאשׁוֹ Ju 5:26 (‖ הָלַם, מָחַץ, חָלַף).

† [נָכָא] adj. stricken;—mpl. נְכָאִים Is 16:7 (Köii. 1, 73), of Moab prostrated by conquest.

† פּוּקָה n.f. tottering, staggering;—fig. for qualm of conscience 1 S 25:31 (+ מִכְשׁוֹל לֵב, v. Dr).

—

† [קְפָדָה] n.[f., AlbrZAW xvi (1896), 116 cf. Sta§ 308a] shuddering (cf. ܩܦܰܕ, of skin, = סָמַר ψ 119:20, v. Thes);—abs. קְפָ֫דָה־בָא Ez 7:25 (read בָּאָה Co Krae, and on tone v. Ges§ 29 e).

שַׁלְאֲנָן Jb 21:23 lapsus cal. for שַׁאֲנָן, q.v. (cf. PerlesAnal. 82).

† שְׁלֵה adj. at ease (Egyptian Aramaic Cooke 210);—שׁ׳ הֲוֵית בְּ Dn 4:1 I was at ease in my house.—3:29 v. following.

† [שָׁ֫לוּ Ges§ 84 a c LagBN 142] n.[m.

† [שְׁלֵוָה] n.f. ease, prosperity;—sf. שְׁלֵוְתָךְ Dn 4:24.

† שֶׁ֫קֶט n.[m.] quietness;—1 Ch 22:9 (+ שָׁלוֹם).

† עֳנִי n.m. affliction, poverty;—ע׳ Ex 3:7 +; עֹ֑נִי Dt 16:3 +, ע֑וֹנִי ψ 107:41, עוני 2 S 16:12 (Kt, but read עָנְיִי; > Qr עֵינִי !); sf. עָנְיִי Gn 31:42 +, עָנְיֵךְ 16:11, etc.;— 1. affliction, Jb 36:15, 21 ψ 44:25; 88:10; 107:41; 119:50, 92 La 1:3; 3:19; ארץ ע׳ Gn 41:52 (E); יְמֵי ע׳ Jb 30:16, 27 La 1:7; כּוּר ע׳ Is 48:10; חַבְלֵי ע׳ Jb 36:8; אֲסִירֵי ע׳ ψ 107:10; בְּנֵי ע׳ Pr 31:5; ראה ע׳ Gn 31:42 (E), Ex 3:7; 4:31 (J), Dt 26:7; 2 K 14:26; Ne 9:9; Jb 10:15 ψ 9:14; 25:18; 31:8; 119:153; La 1:9; 3:1, ins. also before עַמִּי 1 S 9:16b 𝔊 Th We Dr Kit Bu HPS; ראה בע׳ Gn 29:32 (J), 1 S 1:11 2 S 16:12 (v. supr.); שׁמע ע׳ Gn 16:11 (J); העלה מע׳ Ex 3:17 (J); להם עני Dt 16:3. 2. frustration, בְּעָנִיִי in spite of my frustration, 1 Ch 22:14.