Peace and Wellbeing

שָׁלוֹם237 n.m. Is 54:13 completeness, soundness, welfare, peace (LagBN 174);—שׁ׳ Gn 29:6 +; שָׁלֹם (rare) Ez 13:16 +; cstr. שְׁלוֹם Gn 37:14 +; sf. שְׁלוֹמִי ψ 41:10 +, etc.; pl. (all dub.) שְׁלוֹמִים Je 13:19 ψ 69:23; sf. שְׁלֹמָיו 55:21;— †1. completeness in no., הָגְלָת שְׁלוֹמִים Je 13:19 Judah is wholly carried captive (but read גָּלוּת שְׁלֵמָה, cf. Am 1:6; so 𝔊 We Am SS Buhl). †2. safety, soundness, in body, אֵין שָׁלוֹם בַּעֲצָמַי ψ 38:4; לְשָׁלוֹם Is 38:17; שָׁלוֹם אָהֳלֶ֑ךָ (Ges§ 141 c) Jb 5:24 is safe, secure. 3. welfare, health, prosperity: †שָׁאַל לפ׳ לשׁ׳ ask one about welfare Gn 43:27 (J), Ex 18:7 (E), Ju 18:15 + 7 times, cf. 2 S 11:7(×3); pregn. ירד לשׁלום 2 K 10:13 descend (to ask) about welfare of, cf. 1 S 17:18 Je 38:4; הלך לשׁ׳ Ex 4:18 (E) + 5 times; עלה לשׁ׳ Gn 44:17 (J), 1 S 25:35; דבּר לשׁ׳ Gn 37:4 (JE); שָׁלוֹם ל׳ be well with Gn 29:6; 43:23, 28 (J), Ju 6:23; 19:20; 1 S 20:7, 21 + 10 times, 2 K 4:26(×3); שָׁלוֹם בְּ (יְהִי) ψ 122:7(8) be it well with; abs. as obj. of אָמַר well, be well, שׁ׳ Gn 29:6 (J), 2 S 18:28 2 K 9:11, 17, 18, 19, 22; Je 6:14(×2) + 10 times; הֲשָׁלוֹם אֲבִיכֶם Gn 43:27 (J) cp. 1 S 25:6; †שׁ׳ בּ(וֹ)אֶ֑ךָ 1 S 16:4 (v. Dr), 1 K 2:13; אֵין שׁ׳ Je 6:14 + 3 times; †אין שׁ׳ לרשׁעים Is 48:22; 57:21; but ראה שׁ׳ רשׁעים ψ 73:3; †רֹב שׁ׳ 37:11; 72:7; שׁאל שׁ׳ פ׳ 122:6; דרשׁ שׁ׳ (‖ טוב) Dt 23:7; Ezr 9:12; שׁ׳ יוֹסִיפוּ לָךְ Pr 3:2; בַּשּׁ׳ Jb 15:21 in time of prosperity. 4. peace, quiet, tranquillity, contentment, Is 32:17 (‖ הַשְׁקֵט וָבֶטַח); שָׁכַב בשׁ׳ ψ 4:9 (to sleep); depart life בְּשׁ׳ in tranquillity Gn 15:15 (Rje), 1 K 2:6 + 3 times, יָבוֹא Is 57:2; אַחֲרִית לְאִישׁ שׁ׳ ψ 37:37; בא בשׁ׳ Ex 18:23 (E) come in contentment; ארץ שׁ׳ Je 12:5; נְוֵה שׁ׳ (‖ מבטחים) Is 32:18, cf. Je 25:37; שׁ׳ מִפָּ֑חַד Jb 21:9, cf. Zc 8:10; ולשׁלומים לְמוֹקֵשׁ ψ 69:23 and let security become a trap (but 𝔊 Aq Sym Theod Jer וּלְמ׳ וּכְשִׁלּוּמִים, Du (cf. 𝔗) וּשְׁלָמִים peace-offerings, and שֻׁלְחָן va). †5. peace, friendship: a. human relations: אֱנוֹשׁ שְׁלֹמִי Je 20:10 man of my friendship, cf. 38:22 Ob 7 ψ 41:10; עֲצַת שׁ׳ בין Zc 6:13; יֹעֲצֵי שׁ׳ Pr 12:20; (אֵת, עִם) דבּר שׁ׳ ψ 28:3; 35:20 Je 9:7; בקּשׁ שׁ׳ ψ 34:15; ידע שׁ׳ Is 59:8; דֶּרֶךְ שׁ׳ v 8; שׁלּח בשׁ׳ Gn 26:29 (J); הלך בשׁ׳ v 31 (J), 1 S 29:7 + 4 times; שׁוב בשׁ׳ 2 S 15:27; ‖ צדקה in Mess. reign ψ 72:3. b. peace with God, especially in covt. relation: Is 54:10 ברית covt. of my peace, cf. Nu 25:12 (P), Ez 34:25; 37:26, also Mal 2:5; י׳ שׁ׳ as name of altar Ju 6:24; י׳ subj. שָׂם שׁ׳ לְ Nu 6:26 (P); בֵּרַךְ בשׁ׳ ψ 29:11; חפץ שׁ׳ 35:27; עשׂה שׁ׳ לְ Je 33:9; אָסַף שׁ׳ מֵאֵת Je 16:5 (‖ חסד); דבּר שׁ׳ אֶל ψ 85:9; נתן שׁ׳ Hg 2:9; מחשׁבות שׁ׳ Je 29:11; man subj. עשׂה שׁ׳ ל׳ Is 27:5(×2); הלך בשׁ׳ Mal 2:6. In this sense ‖ צֶדֶק ψ 85:11, ‖ צְדָקָה Is 54:13; 60:17, ‖ שִׂמְחָה 55:12, is like a river 48:18; 66:12; שׁ׳ עַל־ישׂראל ψ 125:5; 128:6, שׁ׳ רָב לְאֹהֲבֵי תוֹרָתֶ֑ךָ 119:165; מוּסַר שׁ׳ Is 53:5 chastisement for our peace (but SS Buhl שִׁלֻּמֵינוּ). 6. peace from war: (ל) עשׂה שׁ׳ make peace (with) Jos 9:15; Jb 25:2; נתן שׁ׳ בארץ Lv 26:6 (H); †שׁ׳ בין ובין Ju 4:17; 1 S 7:14; 1 K 5:26; †קרא (ל)שׁ׳ Dt 20:10; Ju 21:13; Mi 3:5; †שׁוב בשׁ׳ Jos 10:21; Ju 8:9; 11:31 (cf. v 13); בא בשׁ׳ 2 S 19:25, 31 + 7 times; †היה שׁ׳ לְ 1 K 5:4 + 3 times, cf. 2 S 17:3 (v. Dr); בקּשׁ שׁ׳ Ez 7:25; מלאכי שׁ׳ Is 33:7; נתן שׁ׳ וָשֶׁקֶט 1 Ch 22:9; מוֹצְאֵת שׁ׳ Ct 8:10; †שׁ׳(ו)אמת Is 39:8 = 2 K 20:19 + 3 times, cf. Zc 8:19; עֵת שׁ׳ Ec 3:8; בְּשׁ׳ 1 K 2:5 in time of peace; שַׂר שׁ׳ Is 9:5 (Mess. title), cf. זֶה שׁ׳ Mi 5:4. 7. as adj. שְׁלֹמָיו ψ 55:21 those at peace with him (read שֹֽׁלְמָיו Bae Buhl Du, or שְׁלֵמָיו SS; 𝔊 appar. שִׁלּוּמָיו).

[שָׁלֵם103] vb. be complete, sound (NH id. (Jastr), Ph. שלם Pi. complete, requite, especially in n.pr., Lzb 376 GACooke 99, also 81, 111, etc.; Arabic سَلِمَ be safe, secure, free from fault, ii. make over, resign to, iv. resign or submit oneself, especially to God, whence ptcp. Muslim, and inf. Islām, proposes submission to God; Assyrian šalâmu, be complete, unharmed, be paid; Aramaic שְׁלֵים, ܫܠܶܡ be complete, safe, 𝔗 peaceful; O Aramaic שלם reward, repay (Pa; in n.pr.); cf. Sab. סלם peace HomChr 124, Arabic سِلْمٌ, also سَلَامٌ safety, security; Assyrian šulmu, welfare; Ethiopic ሰላም Di 322 security, peace; Aramaic שְׁלָמָא, ܫܠܳܡܳܐ security, welfare, O Aramaic שלם Lzb 376, especially = submission, in n.pr. RSSem. 79 f.; Bondi 70 (after Brugsch), cp. šarmā, greet, do homage, as loan-word in Egyptian);— Qal Pf. 3 pl. שָֽׁלְמוּ Is 60:20; Impf. 3 ms. וַיִּשְׁלָ֑ם Jb 9:4; f. תִּשְׁלַם 1 K 7:51 + 2 times;— 1. be complete, finished, ended: temple 1 K 7:51 = 2 Ch 5:1; walls of city Ne 6:15; of time Is 60:20. 2. be sound, uninjured, Jb 9:4. Pi.89 Pf. 3 ms. שִׁלַּם Lv 5:24 +, 1 s. וְשִׁלַּמְתּ֫י Je 16:18 +, etc.; Impf. 3 ms. יְשַׁלֵּם Ex 21:34 +; sf. יְשַׁלְּמֶ֑נָּה Lv 24:18 +, etc.; Imv. ms. שַׁלֵּם Ec 5:3 ψ 50:14, etc.; Inf. abs. שַׁלֵּם Ex 21:36 +; cstr. id. Pr 22:27, etc.; Pt. מְשַׁלֵּם Dt 7:10 +, etc.;— †1. complete, finish, temple 1 K 9:25. †2. make safe, c. acc. Jb 8:6. 3. make whole or good, restore thing lost Jo 2:25, or stolen Ex 21:37 (E); pay a debt 2 K 4:7 ψ 37:21 Pr 22:27; Jb 41:3; make compensation, for injury Lv 24:18, 21 (P); for trespass in sacred things 5:16 (P). 4. make good, i.e. pay, vows, c. acc. נֶדֶר Dt 23:22; 2 S 15:7 + 9 times, + (c. ל to God) ψ 50:14; 66:13; 116:14, 18; obj. om. 76:12; abs. Is 19:21; c. acc. תּוֹדוֹת c. ל to God ψ 56:13; פרים שׂפתינו Ho 14:3 (v. p. 830b). 5. requite, recompense, reward, good 1 S 24:20; Ru 2:12; evil Is 65:6; Je 51:56; c. ל pers. Dt 7:10 + 4 times, + (c. acc. rei) Je 51:24; אל pers. Jb 21:19; acc. rei Pr 20:22; Je 16:18; שִׁלַּם גְּמוּל לְ Is 59:18(×2), (but v. i. שִׁלֵּם), 66:6 + (v. גְּמוּל); †שׁ׳ פֹּעַל לְ Jb 34:11; שׁ׳ גְּמוּל עַל Jo 4:4; עַל חֵיק Is 65:6; אֶל־חֵיק Je 32:18; †c. ל pers. and כ of deeds, שׁ׳ reward according to one’s works 2 S 3:39 + 3 times; acc. pers. ψ 31:24; acc. rei †שׁ׳ רעה תחת טובה Gn 44:4 (J) ψ 35:12; 38:21 (read מְשַׁלְּמֵנִי). Pu. Impf. 3 ms. יְשֻׁלַּם ψ 65:2 Je 18:20; יְשֻׁלָּ֑ם Pr 11:31; 13:13;— 1. be performed, of vow ψ 65:2. 2. be repaid, requited, Je 18:20; Pr 11:31; 13:13. Hiph. 1. complete, perform: Impf. 3 ms. יַשְׁלִים Jb 23:14; Is 44:26, יַשְׁלִם v 28. 2. make an end of, 2 ms. sf. תַּשְׁלִימֵנִי Is 38:12, 13 (𝔊 Du Marti deliver up to pains, as in Aramaic).

εἰρήν-η (see. below), ἡ, peace, Refs 8th c.BC+; ἐπ᾽ εἰρήνης in time of peace, Refs 8th c.BC+; εἰ. τἀκεῖθεν τέκνοις on that side they have peace, have naught to fear, Refs 5th c.BC+; εἰ. γίγνεται peace is made, Refs 5th c.BC+: hence later, a peace, treaty of peace, ἡ βασιλέως εἰ. Refs; εἰ. ποιεῖν 'Αρμενίοις καὶ Χαλδαίοις make peace between.., Refs 5th c.BC+; εἰ. κατεργάζεσθαι, πράττειν, Refs 5th c.BC+; εἰρήνην δέχεσθαι to accept it,Refs 5th c.BC+; εἰ. ἄγειν keep peace, be at peace, Refs 5th c.BC+; εἰ. ἄγειν (variant{ἔχειν}) enjoy peace, Refs 5th c.BC+; λύειν break it, Refs 4th c.BC+; πολλὴ εἰ. τινὸς γίγνεται profound peace, Refs 5th c.BC+; ἐν εἰρήνῃ λέγειν, τὸν βίον διάγειν, Refs; πόλεμον εἰρήνης χάριν [αἱρεῖσθαι] Refs 4th c.BC+; εἰρήνης ἄρξας, ={εἰρηναρχήσας}, Refs __II the goddess of peace, daughter of Zeus and Themis, Refs 8th c.BC+ __III Refs 4th c.BC+ name for three, Refs; for six, Refs __IV Hebraism in Refs greet a person, inquire after their health, LXX; ἐρ. τινὰ τὰ εἰς εἰLXX; in salutations, εἰ. σο; NT+4th c.BC+; compare Boeotian dialect πολέμω καἰράνας Refs; εἰρήνα Pi.[same place], B.[same place], Refs 4th c.BC+

שֶׁ֫לֶם87 n.[m.] sacrifice for alliance or friendship, ‘peace-offering’ (expl. disputed: orig. sacrif. for alliance Di; al. peace-offering (mark of peace with God), 𝔊Sm K Pr εἰρηνική, De StaG i. 496 WeHeid. 71 (fellowship between God and worshippers); welfare-offering, 𝔊 elsewhere σωτήριον, Ke; thank-offering (as due rendered for benefit, or in paying vow, cf. √ Pi. 4, and Pr 7:14) Ges Ew Kn; sacred meal its special feature: v. RSSem. i. 219; 2nd ed. 237; NowArch. ii. 211f. GFMEncy. Bib. Sacrifice, § 11; Assyrian šulmu = שֶׁלֶם is cited by J JeremEncy. Bib. Ritual, § 11);—cstr. שׁ׳ Am 5:22; elsewhere pl. שְׁלָמִים Ex 24:5 + 69 times; cstr. שַׁלְמֵי Lv 10:14; sf. שְׁלָמֶ֫יךָ Ex 20:24, etc.; pl. is abstr. intens. Lv 7:13; Nu 6:17 (P) +; pl. of no. Ex 24:5 (JE), 1 S 11:15 +; usually hard to decide; שׁ׳ (in app.) defines זְבָחִים Ex 24:5 (JE), and so זבח of covt. of Horeb is שׁ׳, as also sacrifice for Saul 1 S 11:15; foll. phr. shew שׁ׳ essentially = זבהים in like phr. (v. זבח); שׁ׳ coming to mean ז׳ in all ritual; over against עוֹלוֹת Ex 20:24; 32:6 (JE), Lv 6:5 (P), Dt 27:7; Jos 8:31 (D), Ju 20:26; 21:4; 1 S 13:9; 2 S 6:17, 18; 24:25; 1 K 3:15; 9:25; 1 Ch 16:1, 2; 21:26; 2 Ch 31:2; Ez 43:27; 45:17; 46:2, 12; so in longer lists Lv 9:4, 22; Nu 6:14; 29:39 (P), 1 K 8:64(×2); 16:13; 2 Ch 7:7; 29:35; Ez 45:15, 17; 46:12; and when שׁ׳ alone Lv 7:14, 33; in P שׁ׳ defines ז׳ in cstr. sg. or pl.: Ex 29:28 Lv 3:1 + 34 times P, Lv 17:5; 19:5; 22:21; 23:19 (H), so 1 S 10:8; 1 K 8:63; 2 Ch 30:22; 33:16; Pr 7:14; ז׳ שׁ׳ of H and P incl. תודה, נדר, נדבה Lv 7:12, 16, and so זבח תודה שׁ׳ v 13, 15; שׁ׳ disting. from (larger) ז׳ in lists שָׁ׳, ז׳, עולות Jos 22:27 (P); נדר, ז׳, עלה Nu 15:8 (P); שׁ׳ disting. from נְדָבָה Ez 46:12 (where may = either of other two); from נדרים, נדבות Nu 29:39 (P) (and must then ref. to תודות); from נדר Nu 15:8 (P); appar. then not disting. from תּוֹדוֹת, תּוֹדָה 2 Ch 33:16 being probably specification.

† [שָׁלַם] vb. denom. be in covenant of peace;— Qal Imv. שְׁלָ֑ם Jb 22:21 be at peace (in covt.); Pt. sf. שׁוֹלְמִי ψ 7:5 i.e. my ally, friend (cf. 41:10); Pt. pass. cstr. שְׁלֻמֵי 2 S 20:19, read שָׂמוּ EwG iii.264 Ges 130 f.N.4 Dr (cf. We). Pu. Pt. מְשֻׁלָּם Is 42:19 one in covt. of peace (with י׳; but 𝔊 משְׁלָם their ruler, so CheHpt; Ges Hi Ew al. one resigned (to God), read then מָשְׁלָם, cf. √, Arabic iv.; Kroch Grä Marti מְשֻׁלָּחִי). Hiph. Pf. 3 fs. הִשְׁלִ֫ימָה Jos 10:4; 11:19; 3 mpl. הִשְׁלִ֫ימוּ 10:1; Impf. יַשְׁלִים Is 44:26 +, יַשְׁלִם Pr 16:7; וַיַּשְׁלֵם 1 K 22:45, etc.;— 1. make peace with, אֶת, Jos 10:1, 4; 2 S 10:19 = 1 Ch 19:19 (עִם); עִם Dt 20:12 1 K 22:45; c. אֶל pregn. Jos 11:19 submitting unto. 2. cause to be at peace, אֶת, Pr 16:7. Hoph. Pf. 3 fs. הָשְׁלְמָה Jb 5:23 live in peace with, לְ (‖ ברית).

εἰρην-εύω, bring to peace, reconcile, Refs 2nd c.AD+ __II intransitive, keep peace, live peaceably, NT+5th c.BC+:—middle, πρὸς τοὺς κρείττους εἰρηνεύεσθαι Refs 4th c.BC+; χώρα -ομένη ἐκ παλαιοῦ Refs 2nd c.BC+

† שְׁלָם n.m.Dn 3:31 welfare, prosperity;—in greetings: abs. Ezr 4:17 prosperity! emph. שְׁלָמָא 5:7; sf. שְׁלָֽמְכוֹן יַשְׂגִּיא Dn 3:31; 6:26.

† שָֽׁמְרָ֑יִן n.pr.loc. (BH שֹׁמְרוֹן, I. שָׁמַר);—Ezr 4:7, 10.

εἰρηνο-ποιέω, to make peace, LXX+NT:—middle, make peaceful, [ψυχὴ] τὸν ἴδιον δρόμον -εῖται Refs 2nd c.AD+

εἰρηνο-ποιός, ὁ, peace-maker, NT+5th c.BC+ __II plural, = Latin Refs

εὐνο-έω, to be well-inclined or favourable, with dative, τοῖσι ἐμοῖσι πρήγμασι Refs 5th c.BC+; τινι Refs 5th c.BC+be at peace with, NT+5th c.BC+; ὁ εὐνοῶν one's well-wisher, Refs 4th c.BC+:—middle, Refs 3rd c.BC+:—passive, to be kindly or affectionately treated, uncertain reading in Refs 4th c.BC+; to be liked, ὑπὸ θεῶν καὶ ὑπὸ γυναικῶν Refs 4th c.AD+