Distress and Affliction

III. צַר68 n.m. Nu 10:9 adversary, foe;—abs. צַר Am 3:11 +, even c. art. הַצַּר Nu 10:9, but also הַצָּר Est 7:4; צָ֑ר Zc 8:10 +; pl. צָרִים La 1:7; cstr. צָרֵי Ezr 4:1 + Is 9:10 (but read prob. צָרוֹ or צָרָיו, cf. Di-Kit CheHpt.; al. שָׂרֵי), Je 48:5 (del. 𝔊 Hi Gie), Ez 30:16 (but 𝔊 Sm וְנָפֹצוּ, so Berthol; Co וְנִפְרְצוּ, so Toy; Krae יָעוּף); sf. צָרַי ψ 3:2, צָרֵיהֶם Ez 39:23, צָרֵימוֹ Dt 32:27, etc.;—adversary, foe, Am 3:11; Gn 14:20; Nu 10:9; (P), 24:8 (JE); Dt 32:27; 33:7; Jos 5:13 (JE); 2 S 24:13; Is 9:10 (v. supr.), Zc 8:10; Ezr 4:1; Ne 4:5; Est 7:6 (אִישׁ צַר וְאוֹיֵב), + 21 times, + ψ 3:2; 13:5; 27:2; 78:42, + 13 times ψψ, + (of י׳’s foes) 78:66; 97:3; + (of י׳’s foes) also Is 1:24; 26:11; 59:18; 64:1; Je 46:10; Na 1:2; Dt 32:41, 43; Jb 19:11.—Je 48:5; Ez 30:16 v. supr.

I. צָרָה72 n.f. id.;—abs. צ׳ 1 S 26:24 +, צָרָ֫תָה ψ 120:1 (Ges§ 90 g); cstr. צָרַת Gn 42:21; sf. צָרָתִי 35:3 +, צָרַתְכֶם Ju 10:14, etc.; pl. צָרוֹת abs. Is 65:16 +; sf. צָרֹתֵיכֶם 1 S 10:19, etc.;—straits, distress, Gn 42:21 (E); 1 S 26:24; 2 S 4:9; 1 K 1:29; Is 8:22; Jb 5:19; 27:9; especially ψψ (24 times), e.g. 22:12; 25:17 (v. רחב), v 22 31:8; 34:17, 18; specif. of travail, צָרָה וַחֲבָלִים Je 49:24 (sim.), cf. 4:31 (Gie צְוָחָה, after 𝔊); צָרַת נַפְשׁוֹ Gn 42:21 (E); בְּיוֹם צָרָתִי 35:3 (E), ψ 77:3; 86:7, cf. 2 K 19:3 = Is 37:3, ψ 20:2; 50:15 Pr 24:10; 25:19; Je 16:19; Ob 12, 14; Na 1:7; Hb 3:16, יוֹם צ׳ וּמְצוּקָה Zp 1:15; בְּעֵת־צָרַתְכֶם Ju 10:14, cf. Ne 9:27 ψ 37:39 Is 33:2 Je 14:8; 15:11; 30:7; Dn 12:1; also בַּצָּרָה ψ 81:8, בְּצָרָה 91:15 Ne 9:37, בְּצָרוֹת ψ 46:2, etc.; רָעוֹת וְצָרוֹת Dt 31:17, 21 cf. 1 S 10:19 ψ 71:20, צָרָה וְצוּקָה Pr 1:27, אֶרֶץ צ׳ וְצ׳ Is 30:6; c. ל (poet.), בַּצָּרָ֫תָה לִי ψ 120:1 in my distress, מִצָּרָה לִי Jon 2:3.—צָרָה Zc 10:11, read מִצְרַיִם [or מָצוֹר] We Now GASm; צֹ֫רָה KloThLZ, 1879, 566 StaZAW i (1881), 22; ψ 9:10; 10:1 v. בַּצָּרָה.

θλῖψις, εως, ἡ, pressure, Refs 4th c.BC+; ἀντέρεισις καὶ θ. Refs 1st c.BC+; of the pulse, Refs 2nd c.AD+; ὑστερικαὶ θ. Refs 2nd c.AD+ __2 crushing, castration, πώλων Refs __3 metaphorically, oppression, affliction, LXX+1st c.BC+

† II. צַר n.[m.] straits, distress;—abs. צ׳ Jb 15:24 +, also c. art. בַּצַּר Ho 5:15 +, צָ֑ר ψ 4:2 +;—straits, distress Is 5:30; Jb 15:24 ψ 32:7; 60:13 108:13 צַר־וּמָצוֹק 119:143; עֵת־צ׳ Jb 38:23, cf. בַּצַּר Is 26:16, בַּצָּ֑ר ψ 4:2; צ׳־רוּהִי Jb 7:11 distress of my spirit; לֶחֶם צַר Is 30:20; לֹא צָ֗ר Is 63:9 usually he (י׳) had distress (reading לִוֹ Qr), but 𝔊 οὐ πρέσβυς, Du CheHpt. al. לֹא צִר, no messenger (but) his own face, etc.; cf. Jb 36:16, 19. Instead of sf. directly appended, ל sf. is used (only after ב): בַּצַּר־לִי in my distress ψ 18:7 = 2 S 22:7, ψ 66:14, so בְּיוֹם צַר(־)לִי 59:17; 102:3; בַּצַּר לְךָ Dt 4:30 (prob. orig. meant as בְּצַר, or בְּצֹר [inf.], Dr; so) בַּצַּר־לוֹ Is 25:4; 2 Ch 15:4, בַּצַּר לָהֶם Ho 5:15 ψ 107:6, 13, 19, 28, also (after רָאָה) 106:44—צַר 1 S 2:32 is corrupt. III. צַר v. II. צָרַר.

I. צָרַר vb. bind, tie up, be restricted, narrow, scant, cramped (NH id.; Arabic صَرَّ bind, tie up; so Aramaic צְרַר, ܨܰܪ );— A. trans.: Qal Pf. 3 ms. צָרַר Ho 4:19; Pr 30:4; Imv. צוֹר Is 8:16; Inf. cstr. צְרוֹר Pr 26:8 (?); Pt. act. צֹרֵר Jb 26:8; pass. צָרוּר Ho 13:12, f. צְרוּרָה 1 S 25:29; fpl. צְרֻרֹת Ex 12:34; 2 S 20:3;—bind or tie up, of kneading-troughs Ex 12:34 (E); fig. of a life preserved by י׳, נֶפֶשׁ צְרוּרָה בִּצְרוֹר הַחַיִּים 1 S 25:29; of preserving prophetic teaching Is 8:16; of retention of guilt Ho 13:12; of י׳’s binding waters in (a garment of) cloud Pr 30:4 Jb 26:8; = shut up 2 S 20:3;—צָרַר רוּחַ אֹתָהּ בִּכְנָפֶיהָ Ho 4:19 (si vera l.) pregn., the wind hath wrapped her up in its wings, to carry her off; כִּצְרוֹר אֶבֶן Pr 26:8 like the tying up of a stone, but unintellig. in context (v. Toy). Pu. Pt. pl. מְצֹרָרִים Jos 9:4 tied up (mended by tying), of old wine-skins. B. intrans.: Qal Pf. 3 fs. צָ֫רָה Is 28:20; Impf. 3 ms. יֵצַר Pr 4:12, יֵ֫צֶר לוֹ Jb 20:22, וַיֵּ֫צֶר Gn 32:8 +, 2 fs. תֵּצְרִי Is 49:19;—be scant, cramped; of scanty bed-covering Is 28:20 (in fig.); of land too small for (מִן) its people Is 49:19 + Jos 19:47 (for וַיֵּצֵא) DrExpos. Jan. 1887, 59 Benn, cf. 𝔊; of steps = be cramped, or impeded, Pr 4:12; Jb 18:7 (both in fig.); especially impers. c. ל pers., וַיֵּצֶר לוֹ Gn 32:8 and it was narrow for him = he was in straits, distress, so Ju 2:15; 2 S 13:2; Jb 20:22, also 3 fs. וַתֵּ֫צֶר לְ Ju 10:9; 1 S 30:6 (v. Dr).* Hiph. Pf. 3 ms. וְהֵצַר Dt 28:52, 52 consec.; 1 s. וַהֲצֵרֹתִי Je 10:18; Zp 1:17; Impf. 3 ms. יָצַר־לוֹ 1 K 8:37 = 2 Ch 6:28, וַיָּ֫צַר 2 Ch 28:20; 3 mpl. וַיָּצֵרוּ Ne 9:27; Inf. cstr. הָצֵר 2 Ch 28:22; 33:12;—make narrow for, press hard upon, cause distress to, c. ל pers., Je 10:18 (subj. י׳), Zp 1:17 (subj. id.); Dt 28:52(×2); 1 K 8:37 = 2 Ch 6:28; Ne 9:27 (all subj. foe), 2 Ch 28:20 (subj. TP); Indef. subj. 2 Ch 28:22 (but read כִּי אִם לִצָרָה לוֹ, and join to v 21, opp. לְעֶזְרָה לוֹ, 𝔊 Kit BuhlLex), 33:12.

ἀνάγκη, Ionic dialect and Epic dialect ἀναγκαίη, ἡ, force, constraint, necessity, κρατερὴ δ᾽ ἐπικείσετ᾽ ἀ.Refs 8th c.BC+; ἀναγκαίη γὰρ ἐπείγειRefs 8th c.BC+adverb, ἀνάγκῃ perforce, of necessity, ἀείδεινRefs 8th c.BC+: in active sense, forcibly, by force, ἴσχειν, ἄγειν, Refs 8th c.BC+; opposed to ἑκόντες, Refs 5th c.BC+ with infinitive, it must be that.., is necessary that..,Refs 8th c.BC+: with dative person, ἀ. μοι σχεθεῖνRefs 4th c.BC+ —in Trag. frequently in answers and arguments, πολλή γ᾽ ἀνάγκη, πολλή᾽ στ᾽ ἀνάγκη, or πολλή μ᾽ ἀνάγκη, with which an infinitive may always be supplied, Refs 5th c.BC+; ἀνάγκη μεγάλη [ἐστίRefs 5th c.BC+ with infinitive, NT __2 necessity in the philosophical sense, Refs 4th c.BC+; logical necessity, MetaphoricalRefslaws of nature, τίσιν ἀνάγκαις ἕκαστα γίγνεται τῶν οὐρανίωνRefs 5th c.BC+ __2.b natural need, γαστρὸς ἀνάγκαιςRefs 5th c.BC+ __2.c ἡ ἀ. τοῦ τόπου the lie of the ground as a necessary condition, Refs __2.d ἀνάγκη δαιμόνων, αἱ ἐκ θεῶν ἀνάγκαι, fate, destiny, Refs 5th c.BC+: frequently personified in Poets, Refs 5th c.BC+ __3 compulsion exerted by a superior, ἀ. προστιθέναι, ἐπιτιθέναι, Refs 5th c.BC+ __3.b violence, punishment, especially of torture, mostly plural, ἐς ἀνάγκας ἄγεσθαιRefs 5th c.BC+; τὰ πρὸς ἀνάγκας ὄργανα instruments of torture, Refs 2nd c.BC+: later in singular, ἡ ἀ. τῶν βασάνωνRefs 1st c.AD+under torture, Refs 5th c.BC+; δολοποιὸς ἀ., i. e. the stratagem of Nessus, Refs 5th c.BC+ __3.c duress, 'force majeure', ὅρκους οὓς ποιέονται ἐν ἀνάγκῃ ὄντεςRefs 3rd c.AD+; stress of circumstances, ἀκούσιοι ἀ.Refs 5th c.BC+ __3.d treatment by mechanical force, τῶν ἀναγκῶν τινὰ προσφέρεινRefs 5th c.BC+ __4 bodily pain, anguish, κατ᾽ ἀνάγκην ἕρπειν painfully, Refs 5th c.BC+; ὑπ᾽ ἀνάγκης βοᾶνRefs 5th c.BC+: generally, distress, ἐν ἀνάγκαις γλυκὺ γίνεται καὶ τὸ σκληρόνNT+4th c.BC+ __II tie of blood, kindred, Refs 5th c.BC+ __III ={ἡ δικαστικὴ κλεψύδρα}, Refs 5th c.AD+

† [אוּץ] vb. press, be pressed, make haste— Qal Pf. אָץ Jos 10:13; 17:15; אַ֫צְתִּי Je 17:16 Pt. אָץ Pr 19:2 + 3 times Pr; אָצִים Ex 5:13;— 1. press, hasten (trans. but obj. not expr.) Ex 5:13 (E). 2. (intr.) be pressed, confined, narrow Jos 17:15 כִּי אָץ לְךָ הַר־אֶפְרַיִם. 3. hasten, make haste, sq. ל + Inf. Jos 10:13 לֹא אָץ לָבוֹא (J, of sun); Pr 28:20 א׳ לַהַעֲשִׁיר; sq. מִן Je 17:16 לֹא א׳ מֵרוֹעֶה; sq. ב (of particular in wh. one hastens) Pr 19:2 (בַּרַגְלַיִם); 29:20 (בִּדַבָרִים); cf. also Pr 21:5 וַכָל־אָץ אַךְ לַמַחַסוֹר. Hiph. Impf. וַיָּאִיצוּ Gn 19:15; תָּאִיצוּ Is 22:4—hasten (tr.) sq. ב Gn 19:15 (J); sq. ל + Inf. אַל־תָּא׳ לְנַחֲמֵנִי Is 22:4. (May be Qal Impf., & vb. ע׳י.)

I. צָרַר vb. bind, tie up, be restricted, narrow, scant, cramped (NH id.; Arabic صَرَّ bind, tie up; so Aramaic צְרַר, ܨܰܪ );— A. trans.: Qal Pf. 3 ms. צָרַר Ho 4:19; Pr 30:4; Imv. צוֹר Is 8:16; Inf. cstr. צְרוֹר Pr 26:8 (?); Pt. act. צֹרֵר Jb 26:8; pass. צָרוּר Ho 13:12, f. צְרוּרָה 1 S 25:29; fpl. צְרֻרֹת Ex 12:34; 2 S 20:3;—bind or tie up, of kneading-troughs Ex 12:34 (E); fig. of a life preserved by י׳, נֶפֶשׁ צְרוּרָה בִּצְרוֹר הַחַיִּים 1 S 25:29; of preserving prophetic teaching Is 8:16; of retention of guilt Ho 13:12; of י׳’s binding waters in (a garment of) cloud Pr 30:4 Jb 26:8; = shut up 2 S 20:3;—צָרַר רוּחַ אֹתָהּ בִּכְנָפֶיהָ Ho 4:19 (si vera l.) pregn., the wind hath wrapped her up in its wings, to carry her off; כִּצְרוֹר אֶבֶן Pr 26:8 like the tying up of a stone, but unintellig. in context (v. Toy). Pu. Pt. pl. מְצֹרָרִים Jos 9:4 tied up (mended by tying), of old wine-skins. B. intrans.: Qal Pf. 3 fs. צָ֫רָה Is 28:20; Impf. 3 ms. יֵצַר Pr 4:12, יֵ֫צֶר לוֹ Jb 20:22, וַיֵּ֫צֶר Gn 32:8 +, 2 fs. תֵּצְרִי Is 49:19;—be scant, cramped; of scanty bed-covering Is 28:20 (in fig.); of land too small for (מִן) its people Is 49:19 + Jos 19:47 (for וַיֵּצֵא) DrExpos. Jan. 1887, 59 Benn, cf. 𝔊; of steps = be cramped, or impeded, Pr 4:12; Jb 18:7 (both in fig.); especially impers. c. ל pers., וַיֵּצֶר לוֹ Gn 32:8 and it was narrow for him = he was in straits, distress, so Ju 2:15; 2 S 13:2; Jb 20:22, also 3 fs. וַתֵּ֫צֶר לְ Ju 10:9; 1 S 30:6 (v. Dr).* Hiph. Pf. 3 ms. וְהֵצַר Dt 28:52, 52 consec.; 1 s. וַהֲצֵרֹתִי Je 10:18; Zp 1:17; Impf. 3 ms. יָצַר־לוֹ 1 K 8:37 = 2 Ch 6:28, וַיָּ֫צַר 2 Ch 28:20; 3 mpl. וַיָּצֵרוּ Ne 9:27; Inf. cstr. הָצֵר 2 Ch 28:22; 33:12;—make narrow for, press hard upon, cause distress to, c. ל pers., Je 10:18 (subj. י׳), Zp 1:17 (subj. id.); Dt 28:52(×2); 1 K 8:37 = 2 Ch 6:28; Ne 9:27 (all subj. foe), 2 Ch 28:20 (subj. TP); Indef. subj. 2 Ch 28:22 (but read כִּי אִם לִצָרָה לוֹ, and join to v 21, opp. לְעֶזְרָה לוֹ, 𝔊 Kit BuhlLex), 33:12.

† [אטם] vb. shut, shut up (Mish. אטם, cf. אוֹטֶם stoppage, Aramaic אֲטַם; Ar. أَطَمَ contract, stop, أُطُمٌ fortress; As. aṭamu, in list of headgear, etc. = turban? DlW, No. 155)— Qal Pt. act. אֹטֵם Pr 17:28 + 2 textual; pass. אֲטֻמִים 1 K 6:4; אֲטֻמוֹת Ez 40:16 + 2 times;—shut, stop, obj. lips Pr 17:28; ears 21:13 Is 33:15; pass. = closed (i.e. narrowed, narrowing, cf. 𝔖 in Co) חַלּוֹנוֹת א׳ Ez 40:16; 41:16, 26; cf. חַלּוֹנֵי שְׁקֻפִים אֲטֻמִים 1 K 6:4. Hiph. Impf. i.q. Qal יַאְטֵם ψ 58:5 (juss. with sense of indic., cf. Dr§ 173 obs.) of adder, stopping ears, sim. of wicked.

† I. צַר adj. narrow, tight;—abs. צ׳ 2 K 6:1 +; צָ֑ר Nu 22:26 +; f. צָרָה Pr 23:27;—narrow, מָקוֹם צָ֑ר Nu 22:26, צַר מִמֶּנּוּ 2 K 6:1 too narrow for us, cf. צַר־לִי הַמָּקוֹם Is 49:20 (of land of Judah after exile); בְּאֵר צָרָה Pr 23:27 (fig. of harlot; i.e. rescue difficult; ‖ שׁוּחָה עֲמֻקָּה); כַּנָּהָר צָר Is 59:19 like a contracted (and hence swift, powerful) river (sim. of י׳; Klo נְהַר מָצוֹר, CheHpt. נ׳ מִצֹּר, both ‘of Egypt’); סָגוּר חוֹתָם צָ֑ר Jb 41:7 (of scaly back of crocodile), usually closely joined (as) with tight seal (𝔊 Me Bi Hoffm Bu Du חוֹתַם צֹד with seal of flint, but why specify material?); בְּיוֹם צָרָה צַר כֹּחֶ֑כָה Pr 24:10 thy strength will be narrow, limited (si vera l., cf. Toy).

† מָצוֹק n.[m.] straitness, straits, stress;—always abs. מ׳;—כָּל־אִישׁ מ׳ 1 S 22:2 every man of straits (in straits); בְּמָצוֹר וּבְמ׳ Dt 28:53, 55, 57; Je 19:9 (all of national straits); צַר־וּמ׳ מְצָאוּנִי ψ 119:143; perhaps read מָצוֹק also 32:6, for מצא רק, cf. Du Br.

στενοχωρ-ία, Ionic dialect -ίη, ἡ, narrowness of space, a confined space, Refs 5th c.BC+; want of room, by sea or land, Refs 5th c.BC+; opposed to εὐρυχωρία and ἄνεσις, Refs 1st c.AD+, compare 182b; σ. βίου the short space of life remaining, Refs 2nd c.AD+ __II metaphorically, straits, difficulty, ἡ σ. τοῦ ποταμοῦ difficulty of passing the river, LXX+5th c.BC+; distress, Refs 2nd c.BC+; ἡ τῆς πόλεως NT+2nd c.BC+; also, narrow limits, probably in Refs 5th c.BC+

ἀδημονέω, to be sorely troubled or dismayed, be in anguish, Refs 5th c.BC+; ὑπό τινος to be puzzled by.., Refs 4th c.BC+, which is found only as variant in Refs 5th c.BC+

στενός, Ionic dialect στεινός, ή, όν, Aeolic dialect στένος Refs 7th c.BC+:— narrow, opposed to εὐρύς, πλατύς, Refs 5th c.BC+; ψαλίς Refs 5th c.BC+; πόροςRefs 5th c.BC+; ἐν στενῷ, Ionic dialect στεινῷ, in a narrow space, Refs 5th c.BC+. ; ποιεῖν τὸν δῆμον εὐρὺν καὶ σ. Refs 5th c.BC+; πόροι, φλέβες, Refs 5th c.BC+; κεφαλή, πόδες, Refs 5th c.BC+ __2 substantive, τὰ σ. the narrows, straits, of a pass, Refs 5th c.BC+; of a sea, Refs 5th c.BC+; of the straits of Gibraltar, Refs 1st c.BC+; so τὸ σ. the strait Refs 5th c.BC+; also ἡ στενή a narrow strip of land, Refs 5th c.BC+; τὰ σ. passes, defiles, Refs 5th c.BC+ __II metaphorically, close, confined, ἀπειληθέντες ἐς στεινόν driven into a corner, Refs 5th c.BC+ __II.2 scanty, petty, Refs 5th c.BC+; small-minded, narrow-minded, in adverb comparative, Refs 3rd c.AD+ __II.3 of sound and style, thin, meagre, Refs 4th c.BC+; hard to pronounce, συλλαβὴ σ. καὶ δύστομος Refs 5th c.BC+, στενότερος in Refs 5th c.BC+; and στενοτάτου is required by the metre in Refs 2nd c.BC+; the form στενώτερος is however found in Refs 5th c.BC+ __III adverb, στενῶς διακεῖσθαι to be in difficulties, LXX+3rd c.BC+

† [כָּאָה] vb.Niph. be disheartened, cowed (cf. Arabic كَأْكَأَ draw back timidly, كَآءَ abstain through timidity)— Niph. Pf. וְנִכְאָה consec. Dn 11:30 then shall he be cowed; Pt. נִכְאֵה לֵבָב ψ 109:16 downhearted (‖ עָנִי וְאֶבְיוֹן). Hiph. Inf. cstr. הַכְאוֹת לֵב צַדִּיק Ez 13:22; but 𝔊 𝔗 Co הכאבתן v. כָּאַב" dir="rtl" >כָּאַב.

† II. מוּצָק, מוּצַק n.[m.] constraint, distress;—abs. מוּצָק Is 8:23 distress; abs. also מוּצַק Jb 36:16, of distress as constraint (opp. רַחַב); רֹחַב מַיִם בְּמוּצָ֑ק 37:10, lit. in constraint (i.e. forzen).—i. מוּצָק v. יצק.

† מֵצַר n.[m.] straits, distress;—abs. מִן־הַמֵּצַר קָרָאתִי ψ 118:5; pl. הַמְּצָרִים La 1:3 the distresses, of conquered Judah; cstr. מְצָרֵי שְׁאוֹל ψ 116:3 the straits of Sheol, i.e. the worst possible (‖ חֶבְלֵי־מָוֶת).

συνοχ-ή, ἡ, (συνέχω) holding together, μηχανημάτων Refs 4th c.AD+; grasping in the hand, ῥόας Refs 2nd c.AD+ __2 maintenance, control, σ. ἡ ἑαυτοῦ selfmaintenance, Refs 4th c.BC+ __II (συνέχομαι) a being held together, __II.1 contraction, ἐν ξυνοχῇσιν ὁδοῦ where the road contracts, at a narrow part of the road, Refs 8th c.BC+; ἁλὸς ἐν ξυνοχῇσιν in the narrows or straits, Refs 3rd c.BC+ __II.2 conflict in battle, ἐνὶ ξυνοχῇσιν ἀγῶνος Refs 3rd c.BC+ __II.3 continuity, Refs 4th c.BC+; coherence, σ. καὶ ἕνωσις τῶν μερῶν Refs 5th c.AD+; combination of elements, Refs 3rd c.AD+ __II.3.b intension or connotation, Refs 5th c.AD+ __II.4 line of union, meeting-place, βλεφάρων Refs 5th c.AD+; ξ. χιτῶνος the joining of the tunic on the shoulder, Refs 3rd c.BC+; ἡ κατὰ τὴν ἐσθῆτα σ. the clinging of the garment to the body, Refs 2nd c.AD+ __II.5 metaphorically, distress, affliction, NT; oppression, Refs 2nd c.AD+; detention, imprisonment, Refs 1st c.BC+: but of going to bed in disease, ἀκίνδυνος ἔσται ἡ σ. Refs 2nd c.BC+ __II.6 trap, gin, snare, LXX

† בַּצָּרָה n.f. dearth, destitution (i.e. diminution, cf. ܒܨܺܝܪܽܘܬܳܐ PS572; v. also vb. בצר 𝔗 Pr 14:28 people reduced)—dearth (= בצרת) עִתּוֹת בּ׳ ψ 9:10; 10:1; pl. בַּצָּרוֹת Je 14:1.

† II. צַר n.[m.] straits, distress;—abs. צ׳ Jb 15:24 +, also c. art. בַּצַּר Ho 5:15 +, צָ֑ר ψ 4:2 +;—straits, distress Is 5:30; Jb 15:24 ψ 32:7; 60:13 108:13 צַר־וּמָצוֹק 119:143; עֵת־צ׳ Jb 38:23, cf. בַּצַּר Is 26:16, בַּצָּ֑ר ψ 4:2; צ׳־רוּהִי Jb 7:11 distress of my spirit; לֶחֶם צַר Is 30:20; לֹא צָ֗ר Is 63:9 usually he (י׳) had distress (reading לִוֹ Qr), but 𝔊 οὐ πρέσβυς, Du CheHpt. al. לֹא צִר, no messenger (but) his own face, etc.; cf. Jb 36:16, 19. Instead of sf. directly appended, ל sf. is used (only after ב): בַּצַּר־לִי in my distress ψ 18:7 = 2 S 22:7, ψ 66:14, so בְּיוֹם צַר(־)לִי 59:17; 102:3; בַּצַּר לְךָ Dt 4:30 (prob. orig. meant as בְּצַר, or בְּצֹר [inf.], Dr; so) בַּצַּר־לוֹ Is 25:4; 2 Ch 15:4, בַּצַּר לָהֶם Ho 5:15 ψ 107:6, 13, 19, 28, also (after רָאָה) 106:44—צַר 1 S 2:32 is corrupt. III. צַר v. II. צָרַר.

† [כְּרָא] vb. Ithpe. be distressed (cf. כַּרְיָא iii. adj. suffering, כְּרִיוּתָא n. id. DWB 197; Syriac ܟܶܪܝܰܬ ܠܝ be short, abridged, ܟܰܪܝܽܘܬܳܐ it grieved me; ܟܪܰܗ pain, grief; cf. Assyrian kûru, pain; also ܟܰܪܒܳܠܬܳܐ (der. spec.) be ill, Arabic كَرِهَ dislike, shrink from);—Pf. 3 fs. אִתְכְּרִיַּת רוּחִי (K§ 47. Beisp. 2) Dn 7:15.

† [נָכָא] adj. stricken;—mpl. נְכָאִים Is 16:7 (Köii. 1, 73), of Moab prostrated by conquest.

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† עֳנִי n.m. affliction, poverty;—ע׳ Ex 3:7 +; עֹ֑נִי Dt 16:3 +, ע֑וֹנִי ψ 107:41, עוני 2 S 16:12 (Kt, but read עָנְיִי; > Qr עֵינִי !); sf. עָנְיִי Gn 31:42 +, עָנְיֵךְ 16:11, etc.;— 1. affliction, Jb 36:15, 21 ψ 44:25; 88:10; 107:41; 119:50, 92 La 1:3; 3:19; ארץ ע׳ Gn 41:52 (E); יְמֵי ע׳ Jb 30:16, 27 La 1:7; כּוּר ע׳ Is 48:10; חַבְלֵי ע׳ Jb 36:8; אֲסִירֵי ע׳ ψ 107:10; בְּנֵי ע׳ Pr 31:5; ראה ע׳ Gn 31:42 (E), Ex 3:7; 4:31 (J), Dt 26:7; 2 K 14:26; Ne 9:9; Jb 10:15 ψ 9:14; 25:18; 31:8; 119:153; La 1:9; 3:1, ins. also before עַמִּי 1 S 9:16b 𝔊 Th We Dr Kit Bu HPS; ראה בע׳ Gn 29:32 (J), 1 S 1:11 2 S 16:12 (v. supr.); שׁמע ע׳ Gn 16:11 (J); העלה מע׳ Ex 3:17 (J); להם עני Dt 16:3. 2. frustration, בְּעָנִיִי in spite of my frustration, 1 Ch 22:14.