Stumbling Blocks

Included with: σκανδαλ-ιστής, οῦ, ὁ, probably acrobat who performed on a trapeze (σκάνδαλον), Refs 2nd c.AD+, trap or snare laid for an enemy, LXX+NT; probably laid for animals, Refs 3rd c.BC+: metaphorically, stumbling-block, offence, scandal, NT+6th c.AD+ __II see at {σκανδαλιστής}.

† מִכְשׁוֹל n.m. Je 6:21 a stumbling, means or occasion of stumbling, stumbling-block;—מ׳ abs. Is 8:14 + 3 times, מִכְשֹׁל Lv 19:14; cstr. מִכְשׁוֹל 1 S 25:31 + 6 times Ez; pl. מִכְשֹׁלִים Je 6:21 + Ez 21:20 MT (Co al. מֻכְשָׁלִים, v. infr.);— 1. stumbling, צוּר מ׳ Is 8:14 (fig.) a rock of stumbling (i.e. over which one stumbles); lit. הַרְבֵּה הַמִּכְשֹׁלִים Ez 21:20 an abundance of stumblings, falls (si vera l.; 𝔊 οἱ ἀσθενοῦντες, apar. reading pt., cf. Sm; so Co Da (as a possibility), i.e. מֻכְשָׁלִים Hoph. Pt. of כשׁל = those who have stumbled or been overthrown). 2. means, or occasion of stumbling, stumbling-block; a. lit. Lv 19:14. b. fig. of misfortune, calamity ψ 119:165; in divine judgment Je 6:21 Ez 3:20, as a hindrance to restoration of people Is 57:14. c. in ethical sense מ׳ עֲוֹנָם Ez 7:19 a stumbling-block of (i.e. occasioning) their iniquity, so 14:3, 4, 7; 18:30; 44:12 (mostly with ref. to idols). d. מ׳ לֵב 1 S 25:31 a stumbling-block of heart i.e. ground for remorse.

† נֶ֫גֶף n.m. Ex 12:13 blow, striking (as judgment, only P);—נ׳ abs. Ex 12:13 + 6 times;— 1. fatal blow, plague, Ex 12:13 (death of first-born); 30:12; Nu 8:19 (indef.); = pestilence Nu 17:11, 12; Jos 22:17. 2. striking, אֶבֶן נ׳ Is 8:14 i.e. against which the foot strikes and so stumbles (‖ צוּר מִכְשׁוֹל).

πρόσκομμα, ατος, τό, (προσκόπτω) stumble, λίθου πρόσκομμα LXX; ὁ λίθος τοῦ π. NT: hence, offence, obstacle, hindrance, LXX+NT __II result of stumbling, bruise, hurt, προσκομμάτων ἀπόλυσις Refs 1st c.AD+

† מַכְשֵׁלָה n.f. 1. overthrown mass. 2. stumbling-block;— 1. fig. of kingdom Is 3:6. 2. pl. הַמַּכְשֵׁלוֹת Zp 1:3 stumbling-blocks = idols (cf. מִכְשׁוֹל 2 c), but rather dub.; We thinks a gloss. Schwally ZAW x. (1890), 169 reads וְכִשַּׁלְתִּי and I will cause the wicked to stumble.

ἐγκοπ-ή, ἡ, incision, Refs 2nd c.AD+; fracture of skull, Refs 1st c.AD+ __2 steps cut in the wall of wells, etc., Refs 2nd c.AD+ __II hindrance, οἴησις προκοπῆς ἐ. NT+1st c.BC+; material obstacle, Refs 1st c.BC+; interruption, check, τῆς ἁρμονίας Refs 1st c.BC+; κατ᾽ ἐγκοπάς disjointedly, Refs 3rd c.AD+

εὐπερί-στᾰτος, ον, easily besetting, ἁμαρτία NT; perhaps leading to distress, compare περίστασις; εὐπερίστατον, ={εὔκολον},{εὐχερῆ}, Refs 5th c.AD+

προσ-κοπή, ἡ, = πρόσκομμα, __B offence taken, φθόνος καὶ π. Refs 2nd c.BC+; πρός τινα ἀλλοτριότης καὶ π. Refs 1st c.BC+; νοσήματα κατὰ προσκοπὴν γινόμενα, i.e. antipathies, Refs 3rd c.BC+ give no cause of offence, NT

† פּוּקָה n.f. tottering, staggering;—fig. for qualm of conscience 1 S 25:31 (+ מִכְשׁוֹל לֵב, v. Dr).