JUSTICE_PUNISHMENT

מִשְׁפָּט422 n.m. Gn 40:13 judgment;—abs. מִשְׁפָּט Ex 21:31 + 203 times, + לְ ִ֯שְׁפָּט Ez 44:24 (but read Kt לִשְׁפֹּט with 𝔊 𝔗 𝔖 Co al.); cstr. מִשְׁפַּט Ex 23:6 + 50 times; sf. מִשְׁפָּטִ�� Is 40:27 +; מִשְׁפָּטָם Je 49:12 +; מִשְׁפָּטָן Nu 27:5; pl. מִשְׁפָּטִים Je 4:12 + 34 times; sf. מִשְׁפָּטֶיךָ Dt 33:10 +, etc.;— 1. judgment: a. act of deciding a case: מ׳ belongeth to God Dt 1:17, is from him Pr 16:33; 29:26; אֱלֹהֵי הַמּ׳ Mal 2:17; חשֶׁן מ׳ Ex 28:15 the pouch of judgment, so v 29, 30 (P); worn on heart of Aaron v 30 (P); מ׳ צֶדֶק Dt 16:18; הֵבִין מ׳ Jb 32:9; שׁפט מ׳ 1 K 3:28; עשׂה מ׳ 1 K 3:28; דְּבַר (ה)מ׳ Dt 17:9; 2 Ch 19:6; רוח מ׳ Is 28:6; במשׁפט Lv 19:15, 35 (H) Dt 1:17; Pr 16:10; 24:23; במ׳ האורים Nu 27:21 (P); למשׁפט 35:12 Jos 20:6 (P) Dt 17:8; Ju 4:5; 2 S 15:2, 6; 2 Ch 19:8; Is 34:5; 41:1; 54:17; 59:11; Hb 1:12; Mal 3:5 ψ 9:8; 35:23; 76:10; 122:5; Jb 9:19 (Ez 44:24 v. supr.). †b. place, court, seat of judgment Dt 25:1; 1 K 7:7; Is 28:6; Ec 3:16. †c. process, procedure, litigation before judges: הֵבִיא במ׳ Jb 14:3; Ec 11:9; 12:14; בא במ׳, c. עם Is 3:14; Jb 22:4, c. את ψ 143:2, c. יחדו Jb 9:32, הלך במ׳ Jb 34:23, cf. Ez 34:16 ψ 112:5; pl. דבּר משׁפטים, c. את litigate with Je 1:16; 4:12; 12:1; 39:5 = 52:9, sg. מִשְׁפָּט in ‖ 2 K 25:6, by error. †d. case or cause presented for judgment: בעל מ׳ Is 50:8; ערךְ מ׳ Jb 13:18; 23:4; שׁמע מ׳ 1 K 3:11; שׁפט מ׳ La 3:59, cf. Nu 27:5 (P) 2 S 15:4. †e. sentence, decision of judgment: כן משׁפטךָ 1 K 20:40 thus is thy sentence; עת ומ׳ Ec 8:5, 6 time and sentence; על מ׳ Dt 17:11 according to the sentence; מ׳ מָוֶת 19:6; 21:22; Je 26:11, 16; מ׳ דמים Ez 7:23, cf. Hb 1:4(×2) ψ 7:7; 17:2; Ez 23:45; pl. only Ez 16:38 משׁפטֵי נאפות; Ho 6:5 read sg. מִשְׁפָּטִי כָאוֹר for מִשְׁפָּטֶיךָ אוֹר after 𝔊 𝔖 𝔗 Ew Hi Che; cf. Hos 5:1. †f. execution of judgment, in gen., עשׂה מ׳, c. בֵּין Je 7:5; Ez 18:8, cf. Dt 32:41; Zp 3:8; c. בְּ against ψ 119:84; 149:9; ב om. 9:17; Ez 39:21, מ׳ בא אל Je 48:21, ברוח מ׳ Is 4:4, מ׳ מואב Je 48:47, cf. Is 53:8; Je 51:9; Ho 5:1, 11; 10:4; Jb 36:17; pl. Is 26:8, 9; Ez 5:8; Zp 3:15 ψ 10:5; in favour of, עשׂה משׁפטִי Mi 7:9 ψ 9:5; מ׳ לעשׁוקים 146:7; דין מ׳ והציל Je 21:12, cf. Zc 7:9; 8:16; pl. ψ 48:12 = 97:8; 103:6; 105:5, 7 = 1 Ch 16:12, 14. †g. time of judgment, לא יקומו במ׳ ψ 1:5 (late; prob. judgment of the resurrection). 2. attribute of the שֹׁפֵט, justice, right, rectitude: a. of God, אלהי מ׳ Is 30:18; הֲשֹׁפֵט כָּל־הָאָרֶץ לֹא יַעֲשֶׂה מ׳ Gn 18:25 (J), cf. Jb 40:8; Dt 32:4 ψ 111:7; he loves it 33:5; 37:28; 99:4; צדק ומ׳ Ho 2:21 ψ 89:15 = 97:2; will not pervert it Jb 8:3; 34:12, cf. 37:23; כמשׁפטךָ ψ 119:149 (‖חסדךָ); מִשְׁפָּֽטְךָ תְּהוֹם רַבָּה 36:7 (read sg.). b. of man: אַשְׁרֵי שֹׁמְרֵי מ׳ ψ 106:3 (‖צדקה); the tongue of the wise speaketh מ׳ 37:30; so of thoughts מ׳ Pr 12:5; put on מ׳ as robe Jb 29:14, chosen 34:4; עשׂה מ׳: God requires that man should do it Mi 6:8; Is 1:17; 56:1, cf. 61:8; it is the joy of the righteous Pr 21:15; rulers should know it Mi 3:1, cf. Pr 29:4; wicked ruler שׂוֹנֵא מ׳ Jb 34:17; abhors it Mi 3:9, cf. Pr 19:28; 21:7; 28:5. 3. ordinance promulgated by שֹׁפֵט: 1 S 8:9, 11; 10:25 (law of king); Levit. ordinances Lv 5:10; 9:16 + 13 times P, 1 Ch 15:13; 24:19 2 Ch 4:7, 20; 8:14; 35:13; Ne 8:18; חק ומ׳ Ex 15:25; Jos 24:25 (E) 1 S 30:25, cf. ψ 81:5; חקת מ׳ Nu 27:11; 35:29 (P); divine law in gen. מ׳ יהוה Je 8:7; מ׳ אלהים Is 58:2; Je 5:4, 5 (‖ דֶּרֶךְ), cf. ψ 25:9; ‖ תורה Is 42:4; 51:4; Ezr 7:10; cf. Zp 2:3 ψ 119:43, 160; pl. of particular ordinances Dt 33:10, 21 (poem), Is 58:2; Ez 44:24 ψ 19:10; 119:7 + 16 times, 147:20. 4. decision of the שֹׁפֵט in a case of law (v. BrHex. 252 sq.): sg. of particular decision of a case Ex 21:31 (E); pl. of series of decisions 21:1; 24:3 (JE) Dt 7:12 (D2); in covt. code and D, collection of pentades in conditional or temp. cl., c. כּי or אם in D, and subj. in combination, חקים ומשׁפטים 4:1, 5, 8, 14, 45 +; in code of H and after, in combin. חקות ומשׁפטים, Lv 18:4, 5, 26; 19:37 +; (the specific type of these laws in H is אִישׁ כִּי, over against נפשׁ כי or אדם כי in code of P, v. BrHex. 254 f.); other combin., redactional and later, Lv 26:16; Nu 36:13; Dt 30:16; 2 K 17:37; 2 Ch 33:8; Ne 9:13 ψ 18:23; 89:31; 147:19. 5. one’s (legal) right, privilege, due: מ׳ הַכֹּהֲנִים Dt 18:3 due of the priests, מ׳ הַבְּכֹרָה 21:17; מ׳ הַגְּאֻלָּה Je 32:7 right of redemption; מ׳ הַיְרֻשָּׁה v 8; הִטָּה מ׳ Ex 23:6 (E) wrest right, so Dt 16:19; 23:6; 24:17; 27:19; 1 S 8:3; La 3:35, cf. Pr 18:5; מ׳ יְתוֹם Dt 10:18; מ׳ אביון Ex 23:6 (E) Je 5:28 ψ 140:13; מ׳ עניים Is 10:2; Jb 36:6; הסיר מ׳ 27:2; 34:5, cf. Is 40:27; 49:4. 6. a. proper, fitting, measure 1 K 5:8; fitness Is 28:26; 40:14 (of fitness in the order of nature; cf. Di). b. custom, manner: מ׳ הכהנים 1 S 2:13 custom of the priests (rightful due, according to Th We Dr and most); מִשְׁפָּטוֹ 27:11 his (David’s) custom; מ׳ הגוים 2 K 17:33 manner of the nations, cf. 2 K 17:26, 27 (RSSem. 1, 24, 2nd ed. 23); כמ׳ after the manner, custom, fashion (of) Gn 40:13; Ex 21:9 (E) Ju 18:7; 1 K 18:28; 2 K 11:14; 17:34; 1 Ch 6:17; Ez 42:11 ψ 119:132. †c. מה משׁפט Ju 13:12 what manner of a boy, cf. 2 K 1:7. †d . plan … of the tabernacle Ex 26:30 (P); temple 1 K 6:38; palace Je 30:18.

I. כָּלָה206 vb. be complete, at an end, finished, accomplished, spent (NH id., Pi.; Ph. כלה; Assyrian kalû, put an end to, and cease, vanish Dl HWB 329; late Aramaic כְּלָא cease, perish (not 𝔗); on root-meaning enclose cf. כלא and Ba ZMG 1887, 605)— †Qal Pf. כ׳ 1 K 6:38 +; 3 fs. כָּֽלְתָה 1 S 20:7 +; 1 s. כָּלִיתִי ψ 39:11; 3 pl. כָּלוּ Jb 19:27 +; 2 mpl. כְּלִיתֶם Mal 3:6; וּכְלִיתֶם consec. Ez 13:14; 1 pl. כָּלִינוּ ψ 90:7, etc.; Impf. יִכְלֶה Pr 22:8; juss. יִ֫כֶל Jb 33:21 (v. Dr§ 171–173 Ges§ 109. 2 b Anm. Da Synt. § 51 R. 5; 64 R. 6); 3 fs. תִּכְלָה 1 K 17:14; וַתֵּ֫כֶל Ex 39:32 + 2 S 13:39 (v. infr.); 3 mpl. יִכְלוּ Is 1:28 +, יִכְלָי֑וּן Is 31:3, etc.; Inf. cstr. כְּלוֹת Ru 2:23 +, etc.;— 1. a. be complete, at an end, of a period of time Gn 41:53 (E; opp. iii. חלל Hiph. begin v 54), Je 8:20 (‖ עבר); so of action or event, with emphasis on time Is 10:25; 24:13; Ru 2:23; 2 Ch 29:28 (opp. הֵחֵל v 27), v 34 Dn 12:7 (‖ קֵץ v 6, 9);—vid. also 2 b infr. b. be completed, finished, of a work: temple 1 K 6:38 1 Ch 28:20; 2 Ch 8:16 (‖ שָׁלֵם), tabernacle Ex 39:32 (P). c. be accomplished, fulfilled, only of purposed wrath, or prediction of י׳, Ez 5:13 (‖ כַּלּוֹתִי v b see Pi.), Dn 11:36 2 Ch 36:22 = Ezr 1:1. d. be ideally complete, be determined, always in bad sense, plotted, subj. הָרָעָה: sq. מֵעִם of agent 1 S 20:7, also v 9 (+ לָבוֹא עַל), + v 33 (read כָּֽלְתָה, for MT כָּלָה הִיא, 𝔊 We Dr Kit Bu); כ׳ הָרָעָה אֶל־אֲדֹנֵינוּ וְעַל־כָּל־בֵּיתוֹ 25:17; sq. מֵאֵת of agent Est 7:7 (+ אֵלָיו). 2. a. be spent, used up (proposes come to an end), of water Gn 21:15 (E) meal 1 K 17:14, 16. b. waste away, be exhausted, fail, lit. of fading grass Is 15:6 (‖ יָבֵשׁ, לֹא היה), of vintage 32:10 (opp. בּוֹא), of vanishing cloud Jb 7:9 (in sim., ‖ הלך); fig. of fleeting days of life v 6 (‖ קלל), cf. ψ 102:4 and כָּלוּ בְיָגוֹן חַיַּי ψ 31:11, Je 20:18; v. also 1 a supr.; of flesh Jb 33:21, cf. of vital strength ψ 71:9, בָּשָׂר וּשְׁאֵר Pr 5:11, כ׳ שְׁאֵרִי וּלְבָבִי ψ 73:26, subj. רוּחִי 143:7; once of י׳’s compassion לֹא־כָלוּ רִחֲמָיו La 3:22 (‖ תמם, on text. see VB); especially of eyes exhausted by weeping La 2:11, strained by looking (fig.) for relief or refreshment, fail, languish 4:17 ψ 69:4; Jb 11:20; 17:5; Je 14:6 (of wild asses); sq. אֶל La 4:17; sq. לְ in spiritual sense ψ 119:82, 123; similarly (sq. לִ) of נפשׁ exhausted by longing ψ 84:3 (‖ נכסף), 119:81, כָּלוּ כִלְיֹתַי בְּחֵקִי Jb 19:27; so also 2 S 13:39 where read וַתֵּכֶל רוּחַ הַמֶּלֶךְ (for MT וַתְּכַל דָּוִד הַמּ׳) and the spirit of the king pined to go forth unto Absalom, cf. 𝔊L We Klo Dr Kit Bu. c. come to an end, vanish = perish, be destroyed, by י׳’s judgment Is 1:28 (‖ שֶׁבֶר), 16:4 (‖ אָפֵם, תָּמַם), 29:20 (‖ אָפֵם, נִכְרַת), 31:3 (‖ כשׁל, נפל), וּבַחֶרֶב וּבָרָעָב יִכְלוּ Je 16:4, cf. 44:27 (‖ תָּמַם), Ez 5:12 (‖ מוּת, נָפַל), 13:14 Mal 3:6 ψ 37:20(×2) (‖ אבד), Jb 4:9 (‖ id.), ψ 71:13 (‖ בּוֹשׁ); hyperbol., of severe discipline 39:11; 90:7 (‖ נבהל); of prosperity of a people Is 21:16; שֵׁבֶט עֶבְרָתוֹ יִכְלֶה Pr 22:8 the rod of his wrath perishes (> Ew al. is accomplished, of God’s wrath).—Dn 12:7 read perhaps וְכִכְלוֹת יַד נֹפֵץ עַם קֹדֶשׁ and when the power of the shatterer of the holy people should come to an end, so Bev after 𝔊 (for difficult MT וּכְכַלּוֹת נַפֵּץ יַד־עַם־קֹדֶשׁ)†. Pi.140 Pf. כִּלָּה Gn 18:33 +, כִּלָּא Pr 16:30 Baer (van d. H. כִּלָּה), sf. כִּלָּנוּ 2 S 21:5, כִּלָּם La 2:22; 3 fs. וְכִלְּתָה consec. Ho 11:6, sf. וְכִ֫לַּתּוּ consec. Zc 5:4; 1 s. כִּלִּיתִי Nu 25:11, כִּלֵּיתִי Is 49:4, וְכִלֵּיתִ֫י Ez 6:12 + 2 times; sf. כִּלִּיתִים Ez 22:31, וְכִלִּיתִיךָ consec. Ex 33:5; 3 pl. כִּלּוּ Gn 24:19 +, etc.; Impf. יְכַלֶּה Is 10:18; וַיְכַל Gn 2:2; 3 fs. וַתְּכַל Gn 24:19 + 2 S 13:39 (but read וַתֵּכֶל We Dr al., and v. Qal 2 b); 1 s. אֲכַלֶּה Gn 24:25 + 4 times; וָאֲכַל Ez 43:8; sf. אֲכֶלְךָ Ex 33:3 (Kö i 545); 3 mpl. יְכַלּוּ Jb 36:11 + 21:13 Qr (Kt יבלו; v. בלה p. 115 supr.), + etc.; Imv. כַּלֵּה ψ 59:14(×2) + 74:11 (but text dub., v. infr., 2); mpl. כַּלּוּ Ex 5:13; Inf. abs. כַּלֵּה 1 S 3:12 + 5 times; cstr. לְכַלֵּא Dn 9:24 (metapl. form), כַּלּוֹת 1 S 2:33 +, etc.; Pt. מְכַלֶּה Je 14:12; Jb 9:22; fpl. מְכַלּוֹת Lv 26:16;— 1. †a. complete, bring to an end, finish a thing, task, work, etc., c. acc. rei Ex 5:13, 14 (+ inf.; both J), 1 K 6:9, 14; 7:1; Ez 42:15, Gn 2:6; 6:16; Ex 40:33 (P), Ru 2:21; 2 Ch 31:1; 2 Ch 7:11; Ezr 9:1, so לְכַלֵּא הַפֶּשַׁע Dn 9:24 to make an end of the transgression (cf. VB Bev); Lv 23:22 (modified from 19:9 q.v. infr.); acc. om. 2 Ch 31:7 (opp. הֵחֵל לְ), 24:10, 14; Ne 3:34. †b. complete a period of time יָמִים Ez 4:6, 8; complete one’s days, enjoy the full measure of human life Jb 21:13; 36:11, or bring one’s years to an end ψ 90:9, with added idea of transitoriness. c. finish doing a thing, usually sq. ל inf. Gn 18:33; 24:15, 19(×2), 22 (all J), 17:22; Ex 31:18; Nu 4:15 (all P), Am 7:2 1 K 1:41; 2 Ch 29:29; Ru 3:3 + 31 times incl. 2 S 11:19, where obj. of infin. precedes it, v. Dr, so Lv 19:9 (cf. 23:22 supr.); + 1 Ch 27:24 (לְ inf. om.; opp. הֵחֵל לְ), 2 Ch 29:17; + Dn 12:7 (inf. without לְ; but see Qal 2 c ad fin.); sq. מִן inf., 1 S 10:13 2 S 6:18 = 1 Ch 16:2, Ex 34:33; Lv 16:20; Jos 19:51 (all P), Ez 43:23. †d. make an end, end, sq. בְּ make an end with, finish dealing with 2 Ch 20:23; Ezr 10:17; abs., opp. הֵחֵל, בַּגָּדוֹל הֵחֵל וּבַקָּטֹן כִּלָּה Gn 44:12 (J) he began with the eldest and with the youngest he ended; so inf. abs. adverb. הָחֵל וְכַלֵּה 1 S 3:12 a beginning and an ending, i.e. doing it thoroughly (v. Dr); also עַד־כַּלֵּה = utterly 2 K 13:17, 19, to extremity Ezr 9:14 (of י׳’s anger), עַד־לְכַלֵּה (late) = completely 2 Ch 24:10 (until all had given), 31:1 (until all were destroyed). †e. accomplish, fulfil, bring to pass, a thing Ru 3:18; c. acc. of י׳’s wrath (חֲמָתוֹ) La 4:11; so (חֲמָתִי, אַפִּי) + ב pers. Ez 5:13; 6:12; 7:8; 13:15; 20:8, 21. †f. accomplish in thought, determine (cf. Qal 1 d) sq. רָעָה Pr 16:30 (‖ חשׁב). †2. a. put an end to, cause to cease Nu 17:25 (+ מֵעָלַי); וַיְכַל־בַּהֶבֶל יְמֵיהֶם ψ 78:33 and he consumed (caused to vanish) in vanity their days. b. cause to fail, exhaust, use up, spend, חִצַּי אֲכַלֶּה־בָּם Dt 32:23 my arrows will I exhaust against them; exhaust one’s strength כֹּחַ Is 49:4 (‖ יָגַע); the eyes (by weeping; cf. Qal 2 b) 1 S 2:33; Jb 31:16; of a disease, consume the eyes Lv 26:16 (H). c. destroy, sometimes exterminate: (1) men subj., c. acc. pers. 2 S 21:5; 22:39 (‖ מחץ), Dt 7:22 2 Ch 8:8; Je 10:25 (‖ אכל), La 2:22 ψ 119:87; especially in phr. עַד כַּלּוֹתָם 1 S 15:18 (on text. v. Dr), 2 S 22:38 (‖ השׁמיד) = ψ 18:38, 1 K 22:11 = 2 Ch 18:10; (2) God subj., c. acc. pers. Jos 24:20 (E), Is 10:18 (Assyrian host, under fig. of forest); Je 5:3; Ex 32:10; 33:3, 5 (JE), Nu 16:21; 17:10; 25:11 (all P), Lv 26:44 (H), Ez 20:13; 22:31; 43:8 Jb 9:22; עַד כַּלֹּתוֹ אֹתְךָ Dt 28:21, עַד כַּלּוֹתִי אוֹתָם Je 9:15; 49:37; abs. ψ 59:14(×2); so also (si vera l.) 74:11 (see VB; Bi Che בְּקֶרֶב חֵקְךָ תִּכְלָא and thy right hand (why) keepest thou in thy bosom); acc. + ב instr. Je 14:12 (by sword, famine, and pestilence); sometimes the instrument of י׳’s judgment becomes grammat. subj.; subj. הַחֶרֶב Ho 11:6 (obj. בַּדָּיו, of city; ‖ אכל), subj. עֵגֶל Is 27:10 (obj. סְעִפֶֿיהָ; ‖ רָעָה), subj. flying roll Zc 5:4 (obj. house). †Pu. Pf. 3 pl. כָּלּוּ ψ 72:20 be finished, ended; Impf. 3 mpl. וַיְכֻלּוּ Gn 2:1 be completed (P).

שָׁפַט185 vb. judge, govern (NH in deriv.; Ph. שפט = שֹׁפֵט, also in n.pr.; Pun. sufet Lzb381; Biblical Aramaic שָֽׁפְטִין; Assyrian šapâtu (t = ת), syn. dânu (דִּין), judge DlWB 684, šipṭu (ט), prob. judgment [and šapiṭu, captain?] JenZA iv (1889), 278 f.; on poss. connexion with Arabic سفط v. NöZMG xi (1886), 724; on usage of vb. see FergusonJBL viii (1888), 130 ff.);— Qal Pf. 3 ms. שׁ׳ Ju 16:31 +, etc.; Impf. 3 ms. יִשְׁפֹּט Gn 16:5, יִשְׁפּוֹט Is 11:3; 3 mpl. יִשְׁפְּטוּ Gn 31:53 +, יִשְׁפּ֫וּטוּ Ex 18:26 (Ki יִשְׁפּוּט֫וּ; cf. Ges§ 47 g), etc.; Inf. abs. שָׁפוֹט Gn 19:9; cstr. שְׁפֹט Ru 1:1, לִשְׁפֹּט Ex 8:13 +, etc.; Imv. שְׁפָט־ Pr 31:9, שָׁפְטָה ψ 82:8; La 3:59, שִׁפְטוּ Is 1:17 +, שְׁפֹ֑טוּ Zc 7:9, etc.; Pt. שֹׁפֵט 1 S 3:13 +, etc.;— 1. act as law-giver, judge, governor (giving law, deciding controversies and executing law, civil, religious, political, social; both early and late): a. of God only, שֹׁפֵט כל הארץ Gn 18:25 (J), ‖ מֶלֶךְ, מְחֹקֵק Is 33:22. b. of man, Gn 19:9(×2) (J), Moses deciding cases Ex 18:13 (E), making known statutes v 16 (E); so his assistants v 22(×2), 26(×2) (E), ‖ Dt 1:16; of שׁפטי ישׂראל Nu 25:5 (executioners); י׳ set שֹׁפְטִים over Isr. Ju 2:16, 18; 2 S 7:11 = 1 Ch 17:10, to deliver Isr., שׁפט ישׂראל Ju 3:10; 4:4; 10:2, 3 + 9 times Ju, 1 S 4:18; 7:15, 16, 17; 2 K 23:22, cf. 1 S 7:6; Pt. שֹׁפֵט as subst. also Ju 2:17, 18, 19; 1 S 8:1, 2; 2 K 23:22; שֹׁפְטֵי יִשׂ׳ 1 Ch 17:6 (‖ 2 S 7:7 שִׁבְטֵי), בִּימֵי שְׁפֹט הַשֹּׁפְטִים Ru 1:1(×2) (cf. מוֹשִׁיעִים Ob 21); שׁפט, ‖ מֶלֶךְ 1 S 8:5, 6, 20; Ho 7:7; 13:10; שֹׁפֶט ישׂראל Mi 4:14 (= king); king judges people 1 K 3:9(×2) = 2 Ch 1:10; 1 K 15:5 = 2 Ch 26:21; 2 Ch 1:11; abs. 1 K 7:7; Is 16:5; ‖ שׂרים Ex 2:14 (E) Am 2:3; Zp 3:3; ‖ יוֹעֵץ Is 1:26; Jb 12:17, cf. Is 3:2; שֹׁפְטֵי אָרֶץ Is 40:23 (‖ רוֹזְנִים), Pr 8:16 (‖ שׂרים), ψ 2:10; 148:11 (‖ מלכים); שׁפטינו אשׁר שׁפטונו Dn 9:12(×2). 2. specif. decide controversy, discriminate betw. persons, in civil, political, domestic and religious questions: a. of God ψ 82:1: שׁ׳ בֵּין … וּבֵין Gn 16:5 (J; domestic), Ju 11:27(×2); 1 S 24:13, 16 (all of war), Ez 34:20 (relig.); c. בֵּין … לְ Ez 34:17, 22 (relig.); c. בֵּינֵינוּ Gn 31:53 (E; domestic), Is 2:4 = Mi 4:3 (of war); c. בְּ 2 Ch 20:12 (war); c. acc. 1 K 8:32 = 2 Ch 6:23; Ec 3:17, condemning wicked and justifying righteous Jb 21:22 (‖ ידע), 23:7; abs. Ex 5:21 (J) Jb 22:13; שׁ׳ צֶדֶק Je 11:20 ψ 9:5; י׳ is שׁוֹפֵט צַדִּיק 7:12. b. of man, שׁ׳ בֵּין … וּבֵין Ex 18:16 (E) Nu 35:24 (P) Dt 1:16 (all civil), Is 5:3 (relig.); c. acc. Lv 19:15 (H) Dt 25:1 (all civil), Ez 20:4(×2); 22:2(×2); 23:36; שׁ׳ מִשְׁפָּט Dt 16:18; 1 K 3:28 (Sol.); במשׁפטים Ez 44:24, c. ל 2 Ch 19:6; abs. Ez 44:24; Is 11:3 (king); influenced by bribes Mi 3:11; 7:3; Jb 9:24; Absalom desires to decide cases as שֹׁפֵט 2 S 15:4 (implying lack of such in his time); according to 2 Ch 19:5, 6 Jehoshaphat set up שׁפטים, appar. for the first as judges in this specific sense; code of Dt recognizes them: הַשֹּׁפֵט declares דְּבַר הַמִּשְׁפָּט Dt 17:9, 12; 25:2; שׁפטים + שֹׁטְרִים 16:18; 1 Ch 23:4; 26:29; Jos 8:33 (+ זְקֵנִים), 23:2; 24:1 (D; both + זקנים, רָאשִׁים), + זקנים only Dt 21:2; Ezr 10:14, + כֹּהֲנִים; Dt 19:17, 18, שׂרים 2 Ch 1:2. 3. execute judgment: a. discriminating, of man only, משׁפט אמת Zc 7:9, מֵישָׁרִים שׁ׳ ψ 58:2 judge uprightly; משׁפט שׁלום Zc 8:16, צֶדֶק Pr 31:9, עָוֶל ψ 82:2. b. vindicating, c. acc.: (1) subj. God, יתום ψ 10:18, acc. pers. 26:1; 43:1; 58:12 (read שֹׁפְטָם for שׁפטים), שׁ׳ משׁפט La 3:59; מִיַּד vindicate by delivering from hand of 1 S 24:16; 2 S 18:19, 31; שָׁפְטֵנִי י׳ כְּצִדְקִי ψ 7:9; שָׁפְטֵנִי כְּצִדְקְךָ 35:24. (2) subj. man, c. acc. יתום Is 1:17, 23; דל(ים) 11:4; Pr 29:14 ψ 82:3; עניי עם 72:4; משׁפט אביונים Je 5:28. c. condemning and punishing, (1) God כְּדַרְכֵי פ׳ acc. to ways of Ez 7:3, 8; 18:30; 24:14; 33:20; 36:19; במשׁפטים 7:27; 23:24; משׁפטי נאפות 16:38 (= 23:45 of human judges); c. acc. 1 S 3:13 ψ 51:6 Is 51:5; Ez 11:10, 11; 21:35; 35:11. (2) of man, only שֹׁפְטֵי נַפְשׁוֹ ψ 109:31 and Ez 23:45 supr., prob. also ψ 141:6 (corrupt). d. at theophanic advent for final judgment: God is שֹׁפֵט ψ 50:6; 75:8; שׁפט הארץ 94:2, c. acc. בא לשׁפט הארץ 96:13 = 1 Ch 16:33, ψ 98:9; שׁ׳ הארץ 82:8; כל הגוים Jo 4:12; עמים ψ 67:5; תבל 9:9; 96:13 = 98:9; שׁ׳ מישׁרים 75:3. Niph. Pf. 1 s. נִשְׁפַּטְתִּי Ez 20:36 + 4 times; Impf. 1 s. אִשָּׁפֵט Ez 20:36; אִשָּֽׁפְטָה 1 S 12:7, etc.; Inf. cstr. הִשָּׁפֵט 2 Ch 22:8; sf. הִשָּֽׁפְטוֹ ψ 37:33; 109:7; Pt. נִשְׁפָּט Is 59:4 + 4 times;— 1. recipr., (Ges§ 51 d), enter into controversy, plead: c. אֵת with, of God Je 2:35; Ez 17:20 (+ acc. rei) 20:35, 36(×2); 38:22; of man 1 S 12:7 (+ וְאַגִּידָה לָכֶם 𝔊 We), Pr 29:9; c. עִם, of God Jo 4:2, of man 2 Ch 22:8; c. ל, of God Je 25:31; נשׁ׳ יחד Is 43:26 have controversy together; באשׁ by fire (of God) 66:16; באמונה 59:4. 2. pass. be judged, ψ 9:20; 37:33; 109:7. Pôʿel Pt. sf. מְשֹׁפְטִי (dub.; Hi Bu מִשְׁפָּטִי), = my opponent-at-law (Ges§ 55 b) Jb 9:15; + Zp 3:15 ψ 109:31 We al.

κρίνω [ῑ], Epic dialect 3rd.person etc for 1st.person, 2nd.person singular indicative κρίνησι (δια-) falsa lectio in Refs 3rd c.BC+: future κρῐνῶ, Epic dialect, Ionic dialect κρῐνέω (δια-) Refs 8th c.BC+: aorist Refs 8th c.BC+, etc.: perfect Refs 6th c.BC+, etc.:—middle, future Refs 5th c.BC+, but in passive sense, Refs 5th c.BC+: aorist Refs 8th c.BC+, etc.:—passive, future Refs 5th c.BC+, etc.: aorist ἐκρίθην [ῐ] Refs 5th c.BC+; Epic dialect optative κρινθεῖτε (δια-) Refs 8th c.BC+, participle Refs 8th c.BC+, infinitive Refs 3rd c.BC+: perfect Refs 5th c.BC+, etc.; infinitive κεκρίσθαι (ἀπο-) Refs 5th c.BC+ — _Aeolic dialect_ κρίννω uncertain in Refs: aorist ἔκριννε Refs 6.28(Mytil., ἐπ-); infinitive κρίνναι Refs:—Thess. present infinitive κρεννέμεν Refs:—separate, put asunder, distinguish, Refs 8th c.BC+, etc.:—also middle, Refs 5th c.BC+:—passive, Refs 5th c.BC+. __II pick out, choose, Refs 8th c.BC+, etc.:—middle, κρίνασθαι ἀρίστους to choose the best, Refs 8th c.BC+ —passive, to be chosen out, distinguished, Refs; especiallyin partt., κεκριμένος picked out, chosen, Refs 8th c.BC+ distinguished for.., Refs 5th c.BC+ approved.. , Refs proved by sea and land, Refs 1st c.AD+ numbered among.., conjecture in Refs 5th c.BC+. __II.2 decide disputes, Refs 8th c.BC+: c.accusative cognate, οἳ.. σκολιὰς κρίνωσι θέμιστας judge crooked judgements, Refs 8th c.BC+, etc.; πρώτας δίκας κρίνοντες αἵματος Refs 6th c.BC+; κρίνουσι βοῇ καὶ οὐ ψήφῳ they decide the question.., Refs 6th c.BC+; τῷ τοῦτο κρίνει; by what do you form this judgement? Refs 5th c.BC+ — passive, Refs 5th c.BC+; κἂν ἰσόψηφος κριθῇ (i.e. ἡ δίκη) Refs a decision being about to be taken, Refs 2nd c.AD+ __II.2.b decide a contest, e.g. for a prize, Refs 6th c.BC+: with accusative person, κ. τὰς θεάς decide their contest, i.e. judge them, Refs 5th c.BC+ —passive, Refs 6th c.BC+:—middle and passive, of persons, have a contest decided, come to issue, Refs 8th c.BC+; dispute, contend, Refs 5th c.BC+; κρίνεσθαι μετά τινος variant in LXX+1st c.BC+; compete in games, with accusative cognate, Refs: perfect participle, decided, clear, strong, Refs 8th c.BC+; πόνοι κεκρ. decided, ended, Refs 5th c.BC+ __II.2.c win a battle, Refs 2nd c.BC+. __II.3 adjudge, Refs 5th c.BC+:—passive, Refs 5th c.BC+ __II.3.b absolutely, judge, give judgement, Refs 6th c.BC+ __II.3.c in Medicine texts, bring to a crisis, Refs 5th c.BC+, +others:—passive, of a sick person, come to a crisis, Refs 5th c.BC+ (also impersonal in active, ἔκρινε τούτοισιν ἑνδεκαταίοισιν the crisis came.., Refs 1st c.BC+. __II.4 judge of, estimate, πρὸς ἐμαυτὸν κρίνων [αὐτόν] judging of him by myself, Refs 6th c.BC+:—passive, Refs 5th c.BC+. __II.5 expound, interpret in a particular way, Refs 5th c.BC+ —in middle, Refs 8th c.BC+. __II.6 with accusative et infinitive, decide or judge that.., Refs 5th c.BC+; so, with the infinitive omitted, Refs 6th c.BC+:—passive, Refs 5th c.BC+ __II.7 decide in favour of, prefer, choose, Refs 6th c.BC+ (passive); Refs 5th c.BC+; choose between, Refs 3rd c.BC+. __II.8 c.infinitive only, determine to do a thing, NT+2nd c.BC+ with whom he chooses to live, Refs 4th c.BC+. __II.9 form a judgement of a thing, Refs 3rd c.BC+. __III in Trag., question, Refs 5th c.BC+; εἴ νιν πρὸς βίαν κρίνειν θέλοις Refs. __III.2 bring to trial, accuse, Refs 4th c.BC+ judge (in matters) of life and death, Refs 6th c.BC+; κ. τινὰ κακώσεως ἐπαρχίας, Latin repetundarum, Refs 1st c.AD+ —passive, to be brought to trial, Refs 5th c.BC+; κρίνομαι πρὸς Σωφρόνη; Refs 4th c.BC+: with genitive criminis, Refs 5th c.BC+: absolutely, Refs 4th c.BC+. __III.3 pass sentence upon, condemn, Refs 4th c.BC+ — passive, to be judged, condemned, NT; τὰ κεκριμένα the judgement of a court, Refs 2nd c.AD+-yω ἐ-κρῐ-ν-σα, cf. Latin cerno (from *cr[icaron]-n-), crībrum (from *crei-dhrom).)

† רִיב [NöZMG xxxvii (1883), 530, 534 Ges§ 73b] vb. strive, contend (cf. Arabic رَابَ (ى) agitate (the mind), رَيْبٌ disquiet; cf. also Syriac ܪܳܒ cry, shout, Aph. also quarrel noisily, ܪܰܘܒܳܐ shouting, clamour (v. Nöl.c.); on Sab. n.pr. ריב = Arabic رياب v. DHMib. 14);—Qal Pf. 3 ms. רָב Ju 11:25 1 S 25:39; 2 ms. רַבְתָּ La 3:58, רִיבוֹתָ Jb 33:13, etc.; Impf. 3 ms. יָרִיב Ju 6:31 +, juss. יָרֵב Ho 4:4; 1 S 24:16, יָרֶ֫ב לוֹ(בּוֹ) Ju 6:31, 32; וַיָּ֫רֶב Gn 31:36 +; 2 ms. תרוב Pr 3:30 Kt, תָּרִיב Qr; 3 mpl. יְרִיבֻן Ex 21:18, etc.; Imv. ms. רִיב Mi 6:1; Pr 25:9, רִיבָה ψ 35:1 +, mpl. רִיבוּ Is 1:17; Ho 2:4; Inf. abs. רוֹב Ju 11:25, רֹב Jb 40:2; רִיב Je 50:34 (Ges§ 73d Köi. 509 BaNB 80); cstr. רִיב Is 3:13; Jb 9:3 + Ju 21:22 Qr (Kt רוב), רִב Am 7:4; Pr 25:8; Pt. רָב Is 19:20 +;—strive: 1. involving bodily struggle Ex 21:18 (sc. one with another; E); public hostilities, יָדָיו רָב לוֹ Dt 33:7 (with) his hands he strove for it, c. עִם of Israel, הֲרוֹב רָב Ju 11:25 (‖ נִלְחַם). 2. with words, c. ב pers., Gn 31:36 (E), Ex 17:2a (J) Ju 6:32, so (in fig.) Ho 2:4 cf. v 4; often = quarrel, c. עִם pers. Gn 26:20; Ex 17:2b; Nu 20:3 (all J), Ne 13:25; subj. God Jb 9:3; 13:19; 23:6; also 40:2 (עִם of God; on inf. abs. v. Ges§ 114ee), in gen. Pr 3:30; c. אֵת pers. Ju 8:1; Ne 5:7; 13:11, 17, subj. י׳ Is 49:25 (cf. i. יָרִיב infr.), ψ 35:1 (‖ לָחַם); אֵת of י׳ Is 45:9 (pt. one striving), Nu 20:13 (P); c. עַל rei Gn 26:21, 22; abs. = find fault Ho 4:4 (‖ הוֹכִיחַ). Especially 3. conduct a (legal) case, suit, usually fig., י׳ sub.; Is 3:13 (‖ דִּין), 57:16 (‖ קָצַף), ψ 103:9 (נָטַר [אַף]), cf. קֹרֵא לָרִב בָּאֵשׁ Am 7:4; c. acc. pers. with whom (unfriendly sense), Jb 10:2; Is 27:8; c. acc. cogn. רִיב in good sense, = take one’s part, 1 S 24:15 (Gi; v 16 van d. H. Baer; ‖ שָׁפַט), Mi 7:9; Je 50:34 (רִיב יָרִיב אֶת־רִיבָם, inf. cstr. = inf. abs., v. supr.), 51:36 (‖ נקם), La 3:58; Pr 22:23 ψ 43:1 (+ מִגּוֹי; ‖ שָׁפַט), 119:154 (+ גָּאַל), also 74:22 (God, his own cause); + מִיַד pers. against whom 1 S 25:39 (of vengeance); + אֵת pers. against whom Pr 23:11, so (without acc. cogn.) Is 50:8 Je 2:9(×2); cf. אוֹת²" dir="rtl" >אֶת־ הֶהָרִים Mi 6:1 (II. אֵת 1 c; 𝔊 πρός, whence We Now אֶל־ in the presence of, but on רִיב אֶל v. 4); ר׳ = plead, c. ל pers. for whom Ju 6:31(×3) Jb 13:8, c. acc. pers. for whom Is 1:17, of God 51:22, cf. Dt 33:8 (obscure, v. Dr); of human disputes Pr 25:8, רִיבְךָ ר׳ אֶת־רֵעֶ֑ךָ v 9. 4. = make complaint, c. אֶל pers. unto and against whom Ju 21:22; Je 2:29; 12:1; Jb 33:13. Hiph. Pt. sf. מריבו 1 S 2:10 Kt (Qr מְּרִיבָיו), i.e. (those) displaying contention against him (י׳), cf. pl. cstr. וְעַמְּךָ כִמְרִיבֵי כֹהֵן Ho 4:4, obscure; RSProph. 406 מָרוּ בִי thy people have rebelled against me, O priest! Beck Wü We GASm וְעַמִּי כִּכְמָרָיו הַכֹּהֵן (הַכּ׳ as voc., and [by some] joined to v 5); HermannSK, 1879, 516 וְעִמְּךָ עמרִיבִי הַכּ׳, cf. Oort (רִיבִי); Ruben Crit. Rem. ad loc. וְעַמִּי כָמוֹךָ הַכּ׳, so Now.—וַיָּרֶב 1 S 15:5 v. אָרַב" dir="rtl" >ארב Hiph.

† [יָכַח] vb.Hiph. decide, adjudge, prove, (NH Pi. וִכַּח argue with (עם), cf. Hithp., Hiph. prove, correct; Aramaic Pa וַכַּח, Aph. אוֹכַח, id.)— Hiph. Pf. הוֹכִיחַ Is 2:4 + 5 times; הֹכִיחַ Gn 24:44; הוֹכִחַ Gn 21:25; 2 ms. חֹכַחְתָּ Gn 24:14; 1 s. sf. הוֹכַחְתִּיו 2 S 7:14; Impf. יוֹכִיחַ Is 11:3 + 5 times; יוֹכַח Ho 4:4 + 4 times; יוֹכָ֑ח 1 Ch 12:17; sf. יוֹכִיחֵנִי ψ 141:5 + 12 times Impf.; Imv. הוֹכַח Pr 9:8; Inf. abs. הוֹכֵחַ Lv 19:17 + 5 times; cstr. הוֹכִיחַ Hb 1:12; הַלְהוֹכַח Jb 6:26; Pt. מוֹכִיחַ Ez 3:26 + 8 times; pl. מוֹכִיחִים Pr 24:25;— 1. decide, judge, abs. Gn 31:42 (E), 1 Ch 12:17 Is 11:3 ψ 94:10; c. לְ, decide for Is 2:4 = Mi 4:3, Is 11:4; c. בּין, Gn 31:37 (E), Jb 9:33; לְגֶבֶר עִם אֱלוֹהַּ Jb 16:21. 2. adjudge, appoint, c. לְ, Gn 24:14, 44 (J). 3. shew to be right, prove, c. acc. rei and על pers. against Jb 19:5; c. אל pers. unto Jb 13:15; so argue before v 3, and (abs.) 15:3. 4. convince, convict, c. acc. pers. ψ 50:21 בּ pers. Pr 30:6; c. לְ pers. Jb 32:12. 5. reprove, chide: a. of God, c. acc. pers. Jb 22:4 ψ 50:8; 105:14 = 1 Ch 16:21; c. בּ obj. 2 K 19:4 = Is 37:4. b. of man, abs. Ho 4:4 Ez 3:26 Jb 6:25(×2) Pr 24:25; 25:12; מוֹכִיחַ בַּשַּׁ��ַר Am 5:10 Is 29:21; c. acc. pers. Gn 21:25 (E), Lv 19:17(×2) (H), Pr 9:8; 28:23 Je 2:19; מוֹכִיחַ אֱלוהַּ Jb 40:2; acc. rei Jb 6:26; c. לְ, Pr 9:7, 8; 15:12; 19:25. 6. correct, rebuke, of God, abs. Hb 1:12; c. acc. pers. ψ 141:5 Jb 13:10(×2); בְּשֵׁבֶט 2 S 7:14; happy the man whom God corrects Jb 5:17; for God loves him Pr 3:12; God is entreated not to correct in anger ψ 6:2; 38:2. Hoph. Pf. וְהוּכַח בְּמַכְאוֹב he is chastened also with pain Jb 33:19. Niph. Impf. לְכוּ־נָא וְנִוָּֽכְחָה Is 1:18 come now and let us reason together; Pt. שָׁם יָשָׁר נוֹכָח עִמּוֹ Jb 23:7 there an upright man might reason with him; f. (pass.) וְנֹכָ֑חַת Gn 20:16 (E), but Di SS read וְנֹכַחַתְּ 2 fs. Pf. and thou art set right, righted, justified. Hithp. Impf. עִם־יִשְׂרָאֵל יִתְוַכָּח Mi 6:2 with Israel he will argue (‖ רִיב לי׳ עִם).

κρίσις [ῐς], εως, ἡ, (κρίνω) separating, distinguishing, Refs 5th c.BC+; τῶν ὁμοιογενῶν, τῶν διαφερόντων, uncertain reading in Refs 4th c.BC+ __2 decision, judgement, Refs 5th c.BC+; κ. οὐκ ἀληθής no certain means of judging, Refs 5th c.BC+ K.; Κρίσις, title of a play by Sophocles on the Judgemént of Paris; κ. τινός judgement on or respecting, Refs 5th c.BC+: ἡ τῶν ὅπλων κ., referring to the story of Ajax, Refs 6th c.BC+; κ. συνετή Refs; power of judgement, Refs 2nd c.BC+; κατὰ κρίσιν with judgement, advisedly, Refs __3 choice, election, Refs 4th c.BC+ __4 interpretation of dreams or portents, LXX+1st c.BC+ __II judgement of a court, Refs 5th c.BC+; trial, suit, Refs 5th c.BC+; καθιστάναι ἑαυτὸν ἐς κ. Refs 5th c.BC+; κρίσεως τυχεῖν to be put on one's trial, Refs 5th c.BC+; ἡ κ. γίγνεταί τινι Refs 6th c.BC+; κρίσιν λελογχότα Μειδίᾳ ἐξούλης Test. cited in Refs 4th c.BC+. __II.b result of a trial, condemnation, Refs 5th c.BC+ __II.c ἡμέρα κρίσεως Day of Judgement, NT.Mat.10.15. __II.2 trial of skill or strength, πρὸς τόξου κρίσιν in archery, Refs 6th c.BC+. __II.3 dispute, Refs 5th c.BC+. __III event, issue, κρίσιν σχεῖν to be decided, of a war, Refs 5th c.BC+ suppose the issue depends upon my public measures, Refs 4th c.BC+ __III.2 turning point of a disease, sudden change for better or worse, Refs 5th c.BC+ __IV middle of the spinal column, Refs 2nd c.AD+

† רָגַז vb. be agitated, quiver, quake, be excited, perturbed (Ph. Iph. (+ Inf. abs. Qal) disquiet, disturb, Inscr. Tabn.4.6.7; NH Hiph. provoke to wrath; رجز tremble (with rage, fear, Dozy); v, viii, rumble (of thunder, Frey), رَجَزٌ a trembling disease (of camels), etc.; Aramaic רְגַז tremble, rage, ܪܓܰܙ be enraged; Zinj. רגז wrath, Lzb 367);— Qal Pf. 3 ms. consec. וְרָגַז Pr 29:9, 3 fs. רָֽגְזָה Is 14:9 +, etc.; Impf. 3 ms. יִרְגַּז 2 S 7:10; 1 Ch 17:9, 2 fs. וַתִּרְגְּזִי Ez 16:43 (but v. infr.); 3 mpl. יִרְגְּזוּן Hb 3:7, יִרְגָּז֑וּן Ex 15:14, etc.; Imv. ms. רְגָ֫זָה (Ges§ 48 i) Is 32:11, mpl. רִגְזוּ ψ 4:5;—quake, subj. אֶרֶץ 1 S 14:15 Am 8:8 (עַל rei), ψ 77:19 (+ רָעַשׁ), Jo 2:10 (לִפְנֵי of locusts; ‖ רעשׁ), Pr 30:21 (תַּחַת pers.); subj. מוֹסְדֵי הָרִים ψ 18:8 (‖ רעשׁ), = 2 S 22:8 (מוֹסְדוֹת הַשָּׁמַיִם; ‖ id.); הֶהָרִים Is 5:25; תְּהֹמוֹת ψ 77:17; of tent-curtains Hb 3:7 (fig. of terror of tent-dwellers); of people, in dread, c. מִפְּנֵי pers. Dt 2:25 (‖ חול), Is 64:1; c. עַל rei Je 33:9 (+ פָּחַד); abs., Ex 15:14 (‖ חִיל אָחַז וגו׳), ψ 99:1 Jo 2:1; pregn. = come quivering Mi 7:17 (מִן loc.); of pers., in fear, awe, Gn 45:24 (ב loc.), Is 32:11 (‖ חָרַד), v 10 ψ 4:5, Hb 3:16 (תַּחְתַּי), cf. of בִּטְנִי Hb 3:16; quarrel Gn 45:24; be disquieted, 2 S 7:10 = 1 Ch 17:9; be excited, perturbed, of pers. 2 S 19:1 (by grief; cf. Dr). שְׁאוֹל Is 14:9 (surprise; ל pers.); in rage, c. ל at, Ez 16:43 (of Jerus. personif.; but read Hiph. (i.e. didst enrage me) 𝔊 𝔖 𝔙 𝔗 Hi Sm Co Berthol Toy Krae); prob. also וְר׳ וְשָׂחַק Pr 29:9; of י׳ Is 28:21. Hiph. Pf. 3 ms. הִרְגִּיו Is 23:11; 2 ms. sf. הִרְגַּוְתַּנִי 1 S 28:15; Impf. 1 s. אַרְגִּיו Is 13:13; Inf. cstr. הִרְגִּיז (Ges§ 53 l) Je 50:34; Pt. מַרְגִּיז Is 14:16; Jb 9:6, pl. cstr. מַרְגִּיזֵי 12:6;—cause to quake, disquiet, enrage: cause earth to quake Is 14:16 (fig.; ‖ רעשׁ), Jb 9:6 shake earth מִמְּקוֹמָהּ; heavens Is 13:13 (‖ רעשׁ); kingdoms 23:11; cause disquiet, c. ל pers., Je 50:34 (‖ רגע); = disturb 1 S 28:15 (cf. Ph. תרגזן, Inscr. Tabn.4 DrSm xxviii); = enrage, provoke, מַרְגִּיזֵי אֵל Jb 12:6; so also prob. Ez 16:43 (reading תַּרְגִּזִי לִי), v. Qal ad fin. Hithp. excite oneself, only Inf. cstr. sf. הִתְרַגֶּזְךָ אלי thine exciting thyself (to rage) against me, 2 K 19:27, 28 = Is 37:28, 29.

† [רָשַׁע] vb. denom. be wicked, act wickedly;— Qal Pf. 1 s. רָשַׁעְתִּי 2 S 22:22 +, רָשָׁ֑עְנוּ 1 K 8:47 +; Impf. 2 ms. תִּרְשַׁע Ec 7:17; 1 s. אֶרְשָׁ֑ע Jb 9:29; 10:7;— 1. be wicked, act wickedly, 1 K 8:47 = 2 Ch 6:37; Dn 9:15; Ec 7:17; + מֵאֱלֹהָי 2 S 22:22 (in departing) from my God = ψ 18:22. 2. be guilty, Jb 9:29; 10:7, 15. Hiph. Pf. 3 ms. הִרְשִׁיעַ 2 Ch 20:35; 3 mpl. הִרְשִׁיעוּ Dt 25:1; Dn 12:10; 1 pl. הִרְשַׁעְנוּ 9:5, etc.: Impf. 3 ms. יַרְשִׁיעַ Pr 12:2 +; יַרְשִׁעַ Jb 34:29; 3 mpl. יַרְשִׁיעֻן Ex 22:8, etc.; Inf. cstr. הַרְשִׁיעַ 1 K 8:32; 2 Ch 22:3; Pt. מַרְשִׁיעַ Pr 17:15; pl. cstr. מַרְשִׁיעֵי Dn 11:32;— 1. condemn as guilty, in civil relations, c. acc. Ex 22:8 (E) Dt 25:1 ψ 94:21; Jb 34:17; Pr 17:15. 2. condemn as guilty, in ethical and religious relations, c. acc. 1 K 8:32; Jb 9:20; 10:2; 15:6; 32:3; 40:8 ψ 37:33; Pr 12:2; Is 50:9; 54:17, abs. Jb 34:29. 3. act wickedly (late), in ethics and religion: Jb 34:12 (denied of י׳), Ne 9:33; Dn 12:10; 2 Ch 22:3; ‖ חטא ψ 106:6 Dn 9:5; הרשׁיע לעשׂות 2 Ch 20:35; מַרְשִׁיעֵי בְרִית Dn 11:32.—יַרְשִׁיעַ 1 S 14:47 read יִוָּשֵׁעַ 𝔊 Capp We Dr Bu HPS.

† [נָקַם] vb. avenge, take vengeance (Ecclus 461 e להנקם נקמי אויב (Niph. + acc. cogn.); נקם n. also 12:6 (cf. Dt 32:41), 39:30; 48:7; NH נָקַם especially in deriv.; Aramaic נ��קַם (rare), ܢܩܰܡ in der. species; Arabic نَقَمَ take vengeance (عَلَ upon), Lane3037; cf. Ethiopic ቂም Di458 vindictae studium, ultionis cupido; Assyrian iḳḳimu, vengeance, requital, is poss. from √ אקם JägerBAS ii. 279);— Qal Pf. 3 ms. sf. נְקָמַ֫נִי 1 S 24:13; Impf. יִקּוֹם Dt 32:43; יִקֹּם Jos 10:13; 2 ms. תִּקֹּם Lv 19:18; Inf. abs. נָקֹם Ex 21:20; cstr. נְקֹם Ez 24:8; 25:12; Imv. נְקֹם Nu 31:2; Pt. נֹקֵם Na 1:2 + 3 times; f. נֹקֶ֫מֶת Lv 26:25;— 1. avenge, take vengeance: a. God subj. דַּם עֲבָדָיו יִקּוֹם Dt 32:43 the blood of his servants he avengeth (against those who slew them) (+ 1 K 2:5 𝔊L Klo); נ׳ abs. Na 1:2(×2) c. לְ (agst. Nineveh) Na 1:2; נ׳ נָקָם (agst. Jerus.) Ez 24:8; עַל־עֲלִילוֹתָם on their doings (his people’s) ψ 99:8; נ׳ נְקַם בְּרִית Lv 26:25 (H) the vengeance of the covenant (against those who break it); נְקָמַנִי, 1 S 24:13, c. מִן of pers. from whom vengeance is taken (cp. Je 20:10). b. Israel and its leaders against their enemies, נ׳ נקמה c. מִן against whom Nu 31:2 (P); c. acc. יִקֹּם אֹיְבָיו Jos 10:13 (poem). c. Edom against Judah נ׳ נקם לְ Ez 25:12. d. in administration of justice agst. murder Ex 21:20 (E). 2. entertain revengeful feelings (opp. אהב) against neighbour forbidden Lv 19:18 (H). Niph. Pf. 1 s. נִקַּ֫מְתִּי Ju 15:7; 1 S 14:24; 3 mpl. נִקְּמוּ Ez 25:12; Impf. יִנָּקֵם Ex 21:20; 1 s. אִנָּֽקְמָה Ju 16:28; Is 1:24; 3 mpl. יִנָּֽקְמוּ Ez 25:15; Inf. הִנָּקֵם Je 46:10 + 2 times; Imv. הִנָּ֫קֶם Je 15:15; pl. הִנָּֽקְמוּ Je 50:15:— 1. avenge oneself, a. י׳ subj. c. מִן of adversary Is 1:24; Je 46:10; c. מִן advers., לְ for whom Je 15:15; c. בְּ adversary Je 50:15. b. of Israel and champions c. מִן Ju 16:28; 1 S 14:24; Est 8:13; c. בְּ Ju 15:7; 1 S 18:25. c. of enemies against Israel נ׳ נקם Ez 25:15; c. בְּ Ez 25:12. 2. suffer vengeance (of law against murder) Ex 21:20 (E). Piel Pf. 1 s. נִקַּ֫מְתִּי 2 K 9:7 Je 51:36;—avenge, י׳ subj. דָּמִים מיד 2 K 9:7 blood at hands of; נ׳ נִקְמָתֵךָ Je 51:36 take vengeance for thee. Hoph. Impf. יֻקַּם Gn 4:24; Ex 21:21, יֻקָּ֑ם Gn 4:15 be avenged, vengeance be taken (for blood). Hithp. Impf. תִּתְנַקֵּם Je 5:9, 29; 9:8; Pt. מִתְנַקֵּם ψ 8:3; 44:17; avenge oneself, י׳ subj. לֹא תִתְנַקֵּם נַפְשִׁי בְּ׳ Je 5:9, 29; 9:8; of Israel’s enemies אוֹיֵב וּמִתְנַקֵּם ψ 8:3; 44:17.

ἔξεστι, imperative ἐξέστω, subjunctive ἐξῇ, infinitive ἐξεῖναι, participle ἐξόν: imperfect ἐξῆν: future ἐξέσται, optative ἐξέσοιτο Refs 5th c.BC+participle ἐξεσόμενον (see. below): impersonal (see. ἔξειμι B):—it is allowed, is possible, with infinitive, Refs 5th c.BC+: with dative person et infinitive,Refs 5th c.BC+'licet esse beatis', Refs 4th c.BC+: with accusative instead of second dative, ἔ. ὑμῖν φίλους γενέσθαι Refs 5th c.BC+: with accusative person et infinitive, Refs 5th c.BC+participle absolutely, ἐξεόν τοι.. ἕτερα ποιέειν since it was possible for thee to.., Refs 5th c.BC+

† יָעַד vb. appoint (NH id., appoint, assign, especially of acquiring or designating as wife; Aramaic id.; Arabic وَعَدَ promise, threaten, predict, iii. appoint a time or place; perhaps Assyrian ādu, decide, M-A17 DlHWB 230; Ph. n.pr. אשמניעד)— Qal Pf. sf. יְעָדוֹ 2 S 20:5; יְעָרָהּ Ex 21:8 + 2 times; Impf. 3 m. sf. יִיעָדֶנָּה Ex 21:9;—appoint, a time 2 S 20:5; place Je 47:7; a rod Mi 6:9; assign or designate as concubine Ex 21:8, 9 (JE). Niph. Pf. נוֹעַדְתִּי Ex 25:22; נֹעַדְתִּי Ex 29:43; pl. נוֹעֲדוּ ψ 48:5; Nu 10:3, 4; נוֹעָ֑דוּ Am 3:3; Impf. אִוָּעֵד Ex 29:42 + 3 times; 3 pl. וַיִּוָּעֲדוּ Jos 11:5; Jb 2:11; 1 pl. נִוָּעֵד Ne 6:10; וְנ��וָּעֲדָה v 2; Pt. pl. נוֹעָדִים Nu 14:35 + 3 times; נֹעָדִים 16:11;— 1. reflexive, meet at an appointed place, with לְ, of Yahweh meeting Moses at the Tent of ‘Meeting’ Ex 29:42, 43; 30:36 (P); at the throne of the Kapporeth 25:22; 30:6; Nu 17:19 (P). 2. meet by appointment Am 3:3 Jb 2:11; with בְּ of place Ne 6:2; אֶל of place v 10. 3. gather, assemble by appointment, kings for a campaign (abs.) Jos 11:5 (D), ψ 48:5; with אֶל, unto Moses Nu 10:4 (P); to the door of the tent of meeting v 3 (P); with עַל, unto Solomon 1 K 8:5 = 2 Ch 5:6; against Yahweh Nu 14:35; 16:11; 27:3 (P). Poʿēl; Pf. 1 s. יוֹעַדְתִּי (for MT יוֹדַעְתִּי) 1 S 21:3 sq. acc. pers. + אֶל of place, according to 𝔊 We Dr Kit Bu. Hiph. Impf. מִי יוֹעִדֶנִּי Je 50:44 = מִי יֹעִידֶנִּי 49:19 = מִי יוֹעִידֵנִי Jb 9:19 who will make me meet him at the appointed place (of judgment)? i.e. who will summon or arraign me? Hoph. Pt. מוּעָדִים לִפְנֵי Je 24:1 be set, placed before; אָנָה פָנַיִךְ מֻעָדוֹת Ez 21:21 whither thy face is set.

κρίμα, ατος, τό, (κρίνω) decision, judgement, NT+3rd c.BC+; verdict on a literary work, Refs 1st c.BC+ __2 decree, resolution, Refs 1st c.BC+ __3 legal decision, Refs 3rd c.BC+; decision of arbitrators, Refs 3rd c.BC+; especially sentence, condemnation, LXX+NT __II matter for judgement, question, Refs 5th c.BC+. __II.2 law-suit, LXX+NT __III ={κρίσις}, judging, judgement, NT.John.9.39, NT, etc. [ῖ in A. [prev. cited] (nisi to be read κρεῖμα): ῐ in post-classical poetry; frequently written κρίμα in codices]

† נְקָמָה n.f. vengeance (on format. cf. LagBN 143);—נ׳ Je 46:10 + 3 times; cstr. נִקְמַת Nu 31:2 + 7 times; sf. נִקְמָתִי Ez 25:14 + 7 times sfs.; pl. נְקָמוֹת Ju 11:36 + 5 times; נְקָמֹת 2 S 22:48;— 1. vengeance of God, abs. Ez 25:14; נקם נ׳ Je 51:36; נִקְמַת דַּם ψ 79:10; אֵל נְקָמוֹת 94:1(×2); עֵת נ׳ Je 51:6; יוֹם נ׳ Je 46:10; נ׳ יהוה 50:15, 28; 51:11; נ׳ הֵיכָלוֹ 50:28; 51:11; c. בְּ of adversary, נתן נ׳ Ez 25:14, 17; עשׂה נ׳ Ez 25:17; c. מִן of adversary נתן נ׳ 2 S 4:8 עשׂה נ׳ Ju 11:36; נִקְמָֽתְךָ מֵהֶם Je 11:20; 20:12; c. לְ for whom נתן נ׳ 2 S 22:48 = ψ 18:48. 2. of Israel and its chiefs נקם נ׳ מן Nu 31:2 (P); c. בְ׳, נתן ני׳ Nu 31:3 (P); עשׂה נ׳ ψ 149:7. 3. enemies of Israel abs. La 3:60; עשׂה בנקמה Ez 25:15; of Jeremiah לקח נ׳ מן Je 20:10.

† שָׂטָן n.m. ψ 109:6 1. adversary. 2. Satan (NH שָׂטָן, סָטָן; Aramaic שָׂטָנָא, סָטָנָא, Syriac ܣܳܛܳܢܳܐ (Hebr.); NH vb. סָטַן, Aramaic סְטַן; Arabic شَطَنَ is be remote, especially from the truth, and from the mercy of God; شَيْطَانٌ Satan, Ethiopic ሰይጣን );— 1. adversary, in gen., personal or national; (ל) הָיָה לְשׂ׳ Nu 22:22 (JE), 1 S 29:4 (cf. NesMarg. 15), 2 S 19:23, יָצָא לְשׂ׳ Nu 22:32 (JE); שׂ׳ 1 K 5:18; 11:25; הֵקִים שׂ׳ ל, subj. God 1 K 11:14, 23, cf. ψ 109:6 (‖ רָשָׁע). 2. superhuman adversary, הַשּׂ׳: a. of Job, one of בְּנֵי הָאֱלֹהִים Jb 1:6, 7(×2), 8, 9, 12(×2); 2:1, 2(×2), 3, 4, 6, 7. b. of h. p. of Isr. bef. י׳, Zc 3:1, 2(×2); 𝔊 ὁ διάβολος. c. as n.pr. שׂ׳ Satan 1 Ch 21:1 (interpr. 2 S 24:1), 𝔊 διάβολος (𝔊 σατάν †1 K 11:14, 23; Σατανᾶς Mt 4:10; Mk 1:13; Lk 10:18 + 33 times NT).

† דִּין vb. judge (cf. Arabic دَانَ intrans. to be obedient, submissive, trans. requite, compensate, rule, govern, دِينٌ obedience, abasement, recompense, دَيَّانٌ requiter, governor, مَدِينَةٌ city; Assyrian dânu, Impf. idı̂n, judge, Aramaic דָּן (יְדִין, יְדוּן) Syriac ܕܳܢ (ܢܕܽܘܢ) judge, exercise judgment, punish, דִּיָּינָא, ܕܰܝܳܢܳܐ judge, דִּינָא, ܕܝܻܢ judgment, ܡܕܝܺܢܻܬܳܐ city;—on √ ע״י v. NöZMG 1883, 533), syn. שָׁפַט— Qal Pf. דָּן Je 22:16, etc.; Impf. יָדִין Gn 49:16 + 9 times, יָדוֹן Gn 6:3 cf. infr., etc.; Imv. דִּין Pr 31:9 Jb 35:14; דִּינוּ Je 21:12; Inf. לָדִין ψ 50:4 + 2 times; Pt. דָּן Gn 15:14 Je 30:13;— 1. act as judge, minister judgment, of God ידין עמוֹ Dt 32:36 (poet. = ψ 135:14) ψ 50:4; דין עמים ψ 7:9; 96:10 Is 3:13; יָדִין לְאֻמִּים בְּמֵישָׁרִים ψ 9:9; Messianic king ψ 72:2. 2. plead the cause, a. of men, usually c. acc. cogn., אֵין־דָּן דִּינֵךְ there is none to plead thy cause Je 30:13; ד׳ דִּין יָתוֹם plead cause of orphan Je 5:28; ד׳ דין עני ואביון Je 22:16; also acc. cogn. om., Pr 31:9. b. of God, דָּנַנִּי אֱלֹהִים God has pled my cause Gn 30:6 (E). 3. execute judgment, vindicate, in battle against enemies, דָּן יָדִין עַמּוֹ Dan will judge (vindicate as a warrior) his people (v. Di) Gn 49:16 (poet.); the Messianic king בגוים ψ 110:6; God, בִּגְבוּרָֽתְךָ תְדִינֵנִי in thy might judge me (vindicate me) ψ 54:3. 4. execute judgment, requite, of man, דִּינוּ לַבֹּקֶר מִשְׁפָּט execute judgment every morning Je 21:12; of God, upon Egypt Gn 15:14 (E); עמים by means of powers of nature Jb 36:31; אפסי ארץ 1 S 2:10 (poet.) 5. govern, אַתָּה תָּדִין אֶת־בֵּיתִי thou shalt govern my house Zc 3:7. 6. לֹא־יוּכַל לָדִין עִם he cannot contend with one mightier than he Ec 6:10. Niph. Pt. וַיְהִי כָל־הָעָם נָדוֹן בְּכָל־שִׁבְטֵי יִשְׂרָאֵל and all the people were at strife througout all the tribes of Israel 2 S 19:10 (reciprocal, cf. Dr.) Note. —לֹא־יָדוֹן רוּחִי בָֽאָדָם לְעֹלָם Gn 6:3 cp. perhaps دان continue, do something continually, in mod. Egyptian Arabic (SoSK lxvii (1894), 211 f.).is difficult. (1) 𝔊 𝔙 𝔖 Onk read ידור or (Kue) ילון abide in, dwell,—My spirit will not abide in man for ever; this best suits the context, but ידור, as Aramaism, is dub. (2) Kn De Schr RVm render rule in, supported by Zc 3:7 only. (3) Thes Ew Di render be humbled in, sustained by Arabic, not Heb., usage. (4) strive with of AV RV (cf. 6 supr.) is not justified. יָדוֹן

κατηγορ-έω, speak against, especially before judges, accuse, opposed to ἀπολογέομαι, with genitive, Refs 5th c.BC+; κ. τινὸς πρὸς τὴν πόλιν denounce him publicly, Refs 5th c.BC+; κατηγόρεις [αὐτῶν] ὡς λέγοιεν you accused them of saying, Refs 5th c.BC+; κ. τινὸς ὅτιRefs 5th c.BC+ __2 κ. τί τινος bring as a charge against a person, accuse him of it, δείν᾽ ἔπη μου Refs 5th c.BC+: with infinitive, κ. τινὸς παθεῖν τι Refs 5th c.BC+ __3 with accusative of things only, allege in accusation, Refs 5th c.BC+:—passive, to be brought as an accusation against, κατηγορεῖτο τοὐπίκλημα τοῦτό μο; Refs 5th c.BC+; τὰ πρῶτά μου ψευδῆ -ημένα the first false charges brought against me, Refs 5th c.BC+infinitive, σφέων.. κατηγόρητο μηδίζειν a charge had been brought against them that.., Refs 5th c.BC+; κατηγορουμένου δ᾽ αὐτοῦ, ὅτι.. a charge being brought against him, that.., Refs __3.b rarely in passive, of the person, to be accused, οἱ κατηγορούμενοι Refs 5th c.BC+ __4 absolutely, to be an accuser, appear as prosecutor, Refs 5th c.BC+ __II signify, indicate, prove, c.accusative of things, [τὸ νεαρὸν] κ. τὴν ὀλιγοετίαν Refs 5th c.BC+; display, οἱ πολλὴν -οῦντες ἀπειροκαλίαν Refs 5th c.BC+ __II.2 followed by relative, declare, assert, αὐτὸ κατηγορέει τὸ οὔνομα ὡς ἔστι Ἑλληνικόν Refs 5th c.BC+; κ. ὅτι.. Refs 5th c.BC+: absolutely, make a definite assertion, Refs __III in Logic, predicate of a person or thing, τί τινος Refs 4th c.BC+; κυρίως, καταχρηστικῶς κ., Refs 1st c.BC+: —more frequently in passive, to be predicated of.., τινος Refs 4th c.BC+ the predicate, opposed to τὸ ὑποκείμενον (the subject), Refs; κατηγορεῖν καὶ -εῖσθαι to be subject and predicate, Refs __III.2 affirm, opposed to ἀπαρνέομαι, Refs adverb κατηγορουμένως categorically, roundly, Refs 1st c.BC+

† [חָפַשׂ] vb. search (𝔗Jer חֲפַס dig, seek; Pal. Syriac dig (Schw); perhaps Assyrian êppêšu, êtpêšu, sensible, LyonSargontexte 65)— Qal Impf. 2 ms. sf. תַּחְפְּשֶׂ֫נָּה Pr 2:4; יַחְפְּשׂוּ ψ 64:7; נַחְפְּשָׂה La 3:40; Pt. חֹפֵשׂ Pr 20:27;—search, search out, fig.; 1. search for, obj. בִּינָה etc. Pr 2:4 (‖ בקשׁ). 2. = think out, devise, c. acc. עולות unjust acts ψ 64:7 (cf. also sub Pu.) 3. search = test, La 3:40 (obj. דרכינו; ‖ חקר), Pr 20:27. Niph. Pf. נֶחְפְּשׂוּ Ob6 subj. עֵשָׂו coll.; searched out = exposed and plundered (‖ נִבְעוּ מַצְפּוּנָיו). Pi. Pf. וְחִפַּשְׂתִּ֫י 1 S 23:23; וְחִפְּשׂוּ 1 K 20:6; Impf. וַיְחַפֵּשׂ Gn 31:35 + 2 times; אֲחַפֵּשׂ Am 9:3 Zp 1:12; Imv. חַפְּשׂוּ 2 K 10:23;— 1. search through, c. acc., a house 1 K 20:6, Jerusalem (metaph.) Zp 1:12; no obj. expr. 2 K 10:23. 2. search for: a. a person c. acc. 1 S 23:23. b. a thing, c. acc. Gn 44:12 (J; Joseph searching for his cup); Gn 31:35 (E; no obj. expr., Laban looking for his teraphim); Am 9:3 (י׳ searching for evildoers), ψ 77:7 (soul searching to understand י׳’s dealings with his servants). Pu. Impf. יְחֻפַּשׂ Pr 28:12 be searched for = be hidden; Pt. מְחֻפָּשׂ ψ 64:7 in חֵפֶשׂ מ׳ = a searched out search, i.e. a device well thought out (cf. Che; ‖ Qal q.v.); v. also חֵ֫פֶשׂ" dir="rtl" >חֵ֫פֶשׂ. Hithp. Pf. הִתְחַפֵּשׂ 2 Ch 35:22 (but 𝔊 הִתְחַזֵּק, cf. also 𝔙 𝔖 3 Esdr 1:26, so Be Öt); Impf. יִתְחַפֵּשׂ Jb 30:18; וַיִּתְחַפֵּשׂ 1 S 28:8 + 3 times; Inf. abs. הִתְחַפֵּשׂ 1 K 22:30 = 2 Ch 18:29;—disguise oneself (lit. let oneself be searched for) 1 S 28:8 1 K 22:30(×2) = 2 Ch 18:29(×2), 2 Ch 35:22 (but v. supr.), all of disguise by change of garments; 1 K 20:38 באפר i.e. with headgear over eyes; subj. לבושׁ Jb 30:18, i.e. his garment is disguised, no longer looks like the mantle it is.

† דִּין n.[m.] judgment—Dt 17:8 + 16 times; sf. דִּינִי ψ 9:5, דִּינֵךְ Je 30:13;— 1. כסא דין throne of judgment Pr 20:8; משׁמים השׁמעת דין from heaven thou didst cause judgment to be heard ψ 76:9. 2. cause, plea, בין דין לדין between plea and plea Dt 17:8; דין דין plead a cause Je 5:28; 22:16; 30:13; עשׂה דין maintain the cause ψ 9:5; 140:13; ידע דין consider the cause Pr 29:7; דין לפניו the cause is before him Jb 35:14; שׂנה דין change the cause Pr 31:5; לְהַטּוֹת מִדִּין דַּלִּים Is 10:2; דין יתום Je 5:28; דין כל בני חֲלוֹף Pr 31:8. 3. judgment, condemnation, דין רשׁע judgment of the wicked Jb 36:17; דין ומשׁפט judgment and justice v 17. 4. strife, דין וקלון Pr 22:10 (legal strife, law-suit Str). 5. government, דת ודין law and government Est 1:13. Note. —לְמַעַן תֵּדְעוּן שַׁדּיּ֯ן Jb 19:29 is variously explained. (1) AV RV that ye may know there is a judgment follow Aq Symm Theod, so De Da, in interpreting שׁ relative + דִּין judgment, but שׁ is unknown to the dialect of Job and דִּין is used only in Elihu section. (2) 𝔊 reads ὕλη or ἴσχυς (i.e. שַׁדַּי (cf. 29:5 𝔊)? or שֹׁד?), & Qr שַׁדּוּן, indicating ancient uncertainty and a corrupt text. (3) Ew Di read שַׁדַּי the Almighty, which accords with usage of Job. (4) Siegf כִּי שֻׁדָּ֑דוּ (doubtfully).

αἰτί-α, ἡ, responsibility, mostly in bad sense, guilt, blame, or the imputation thereof, i.e. accusation, first in Refs 8th c.BC+ —Phrases: αἰτίαν ἔχειν bear responsibility for, τινόςRefs 5th c.BC+; but usually to be accused, τινός of a crime, φόνουRefs 5th c.BC+: with infinitive, Refs 5th c.BC+; followed by ὡς.., Refs 5th c.BC+; by ὡς with participle, Refs; ὑπό τινος by some one, Refs 5th c.BC+; ἐν αἰτίᾳ εἶναι or γίγνεσθαι, Refs 5th c.BC+; αἰτίαν ὑπέχειν lie under a charge, Refs 5th c.BC+; λαβεῖν ἀπό τινοςRefs 5th c.BC+; ἐν αἰτίῃ ἔχειν hold one guilty, Refs 5th c.BC+; τὴν αἰτίαν ἐπιφέρειν τινί impute the fault to one, Refs 5th c.BC+; ἀνατιθέναι, προστιθέναι, Refs 5th c.BC+; ἀπολύειν τινὰ τῆς αἰτίης to acquit of guilt, Refs 5th c.BC+ __2 in forensic oratory, invective without proof (opposed to ἔλεγχος), Refs 4th c.BC+ __3 in good sense, εἰ.. εὖ πράξαιμεν, αἰτία θεοῦ the credit is his, Refs 4th c.BC+; δι᾽ ὅντινα αἰτίαν ἔχουσιν Ἀθηναῖοι βελτίους γεγονέναι are reputed to have become better, Refs 5th c.BC+; ὧν.. πέρι αἰτίαν ἔχεις διαφέρειν in which you are reputed to excel, Refs 5th c.BC+; οἳ.. ἔχουσι ταύτην τὴν αἰ. who have this reputation, Refs 5th c.BC+ __4 expostulation, μὴ ἐπ᾽ ἔχθρᾳ τὸ πλέον ἢ αἰτίᾳRefs 5th c.BC+ __II cause, δι᾽ ἣν αἰτίην ἐπολέμησανRefs 5th c.BC+ {αἰτιάζομαι}, etc.; on the four causes of Refs 5th c.BC+ — _dative_ αἰτίᾳ for the sake of, κοινοῦ τινος ἀγαθοῦRefs 5th c.BC+ in the sense of cause, not in that of accusation. __III occasion, motive, αἰτίαν ῥοαῖσι Μοισᾶν ἐνέβαλε gave them a the me for song, Refs 5th c.BC+ __IV head, category under which a thing comes, Refs 4th c.BC+ __V case in dispute, ἡ αἰ. τοῦ ἀνθρώπου μετὰ τῆς γυναικόςNT

κρῐτ-ής, οῦ, ὁ, vocative Refs 6th c.BC+: (κρίνω):—judge, umpire, Refs 5th c.BC+; κ. τῶν ἀληθῶν, opposed to δοξαστής, Refs 5th c.BC+; at Athens, usually of the judges in the poetic contests, LXX+5th c.BC+ Latin judex datus, Refs 2nd c.AD+ judex selectus, Refs 2nd c.AD+ __2 κ. ἐνυπνίων interpreter of dreams, Refs 4th c.BC+ __II κριτάς· ὀδόντας, Refs 5th c.AD+

† גְּמוּל n.m. dealing, recompence, benefit—ג׳ ψ 94:2 + 11 times; sf. גְּמֻלְךָ Ob 15, etc.; pl. sf. גְּמוּלָיו ψ 103:2;— 1. גְּמוּל יָדַיִם dealing of the hands Ju 9:16 Pr 12:14 (יָשׁוּב לְ) Is 3:11 (יֵעָשֶׂה לְ). 2. dealing, hence (from context) equivalent of dealing, recompence: c. suff. Ob 15 גמלך ישׁוב בראשׁך, Jo 4:4, 7 (הֵשִׁיב), so with הֵשִׁיב לְ ψ 28:4; שִׁלֵּם לְ 137:8 Pr 19:17; absolutely שִׁלֵּם (הֵשִׁיב) גְּמוּל לְ Is 59:18(×2); 66:6 Je 51:6 La 3:64; עַל Jo 4:4 ψ 94:2; Is 35:4 ג׳ אלהים the recompence of God. 3. benefit: אַל תשׁכחי כל גמוליו ψ 103:2; כגמול עליו according to the benefit (done) unto him 2 Ch 32:25

κατα-κρίνω, Refs 4th c.AD+ κακρίνω (see. below) [ῑ], give as sentence against, τὸ τελευτῆσαι πάντων ἡ πεπρωμένη κατέκρινε Refs 5th c.BC+ —passive, τοῖσι κατεκέκρῐτο θάνατος sentence of death had been passed upon them, Refs 5th c.BC+; κατακεκριμένων οἱ τούτων when this sentence has been given against him, Refs if sentence be given against me, Refs 5th c.BC+ person et genitive _of things_, ὀσέοι ἂν χρηστήριον κακρίνη ἢ γνωσίαι κακριθήη τῶν χρημάτων anyone whom the oracle has condemned or who by judicial process has been condemned to forfeit his property, Refs 5th c.BC+ __2 with accusative person, condemn, variant in Refs 5th c.BC+: with accusative et infinitive, κατέκρινάν μιν ἔκδοτον ἄγεσθαι NT+5th c.BC+: with accusative of things, deem guilty of a thing, κ. πολλὴν ἄνοιάν τινων Refs 4th c.BC+:—passive, to be condemned, Refs 5th c.BC+; also of the crime, τὰ ὁμολογούμενα τῶν πραγμάτων ὑπὸ τοῦ νόμου -κέκριται Refs 5th c.BC+ __II passive, simply, to be judged, deemed, κατεκρίθη θνατοῖς ἀγανώτατος ἔμμεν Refs 5th c.BC+

† נָקָם n.m. vengeance;—נ׳ Dt 32:35 + 14 times; cstr. נְקַם Lv 26:25; Ju 16:28;— 1. taken by God, abs. Ez 24:8 ψ 58:11; נ׳ בְּרִית vengeance of the covenant Lv 26:25 (H); יוֹם נקם Is 34:8; 61:2; 63:4; בִּגְדֵי נ׳ Is 59:17; לִי נָקָם וְשִׁלֵּם Dt 32:35; לקח נ׳ Is 47:3; נ׳ יבוא Is 35:4; c. acc. adversary עשׂה נ׳ Mi 5:14; c. לְ advers. חשׁיב נ׳ Dt 32:41, 43. 2. Samson against Philistines, נקם נ׳ Ju 16:28. 3. enemies against Judah, abs. Ez 25:12, 15; individual enemy יום נ׳ Pr 6:34.

ἀνακρίνω, examine closely, interrogate, especially judicially, Παυσανίαν Refs 5th c.BC+; sound a person, LXX __2 inquire into, ἀ. τοὺς ἐργασαμένουςRefs 5th c.BC+; τὴν [αἰτίαν] Refs 1st c.BC+ —middle, ἀ. ποινὰ τίς ἔσται what remedy there shall be, Refs 5th c.BC+ __II examine magistrates so as to prove their qualification, Refs 4th c.BC+ __II.2 of the magistrates, examine persons concerned in a suit, so as to prepare the matter for trial, Refs 5th c.BC+; ὁ ἄρχων ἀνέκρινε πᾶσιν ὑμῖν καὶ ἀνακρίνας εἰσήγαγεν εἰς τὸ δικαστήριον Refs 4th c.BC+:—passive, ἀνεκρίθησαν αἱ ἀμφισβητήσειςRefs 4th c.BC+ —middle, οὐκ ἀνεκρίνατο ταύτην [τὴν γραφήν] he did not have it examined, of the prosecutor, Refs __II.3 generally, examine, μάρτυραςRefs; τινά 1Refs:—middle, Refs __II.4 select, Refs 3rd c.AD+ __III in middle, absolutely, ἀνακρίνεσθαι πρὸς ἑωυτούς dispute, wrangle one with another, Refs 5th c.BC+

† [רָגַם] vb. stone, kill by stoning (denom.? cf. סקל; or orig. = throw, hurl? NH רָגַם throw at (rare); Arabic رَجَمَ throw stones at, stone, also (from accompaniment of stone-throwing) revile, curse, cf. Ethiopic ረገመ curse, WeHeid. 2. 111, 250; Aramaic רְגַם, ܪܓܰܡ stone);— Qal Pf. 3 pl. consec. וְרָֽגְמוּ Lv 24:14 + 2 times, sf. וּרְגָמֻהוּ Dt 21:21; Impf. 3 mpl. יִרְגְּמוּ Lv 20:16, 27, וַיִּר׳ Jos 7:25 + 4 times; sf. יִרְגְּמֻהוּ Lv 20:2, וַיִּר׳ 2 Ch 24:21; Inf. abs. רָגוֹם Lv 24:16 Nu 15:35; cstr. לִרְגּוֹם 14:10;—stone, c. acc. pers. + בָּאֲבָנִים Dt 21:21 (D), Nu 14:10; 15:35, 36 (P), + בָּאֶבֶן Ez 16:40; Lv 20:2, 27 (H); + acc. אֶבֶן Jos 7:25 (JE); Lv 24:23 (P); 2 Ch 24:21; c. ב pers. + acc. אֶבֶן 1 K 12:18 = 2 Ch 10:18; c. עַל pers. + acc. אֶבֶן Ez 23:47; c. acc. pers. alone Lv 24:14 (P); c. ב pers. alone, רָגוֹם יִרְגְּמוּ־בוֹ v 16 (P).—Syn. סקל q.v.

† [שֶׁ֫פֶט] n.m. Ex 6:6 judgment;—pl. שְׁפָטִים Ex 6:6 +, sf. שְׁפָטַי Ez 14:21;—acts of judgment (cf. משׁפטים), בשׁפטים גדלים by great acts of judgment Ex 6:6; 7:4 (P); c. בְּ, עשׂה שׁפטים 12:12; Nu 33:4 (P), Ez 5:10, 15; 11:9; 16:41; 25:11; 28:22, 26; 30:14, 19 (all of God); men Ez 16:41; c. את, 2 Ch 24:24 (Syrians against Joash); שׁפטים of God (four: sword, famine, wild beasts, pestilence) Ez 14:21; נכונו שׁ׳ ללצים Pr 19:29 judgments are prepared for scorners (𝔊 שְׁבָטִים rods, so PerlesAnal. 69 [or שׁוֹטִים], Toy).

† [גָּרָה] vb. only Pi. stir up strife, Hithp. engage in strife (cf. NH Pi. stir up, excite, against (בְּ) Hithp.; Aramaic Pa. גָּרֵא ܓܰܪܺܝ; especially Assyrian garû, Qal attack, be at war with, gârû, gîrû, enemy, etc. Asrb.Annals iv. 49, 50 (KBii. 190) also SASmithAsrb. i. ii. Gloss.; Arabic جَرَى is run, especially of water, flow, etc.)— Pi. Impf. 3 ms. יְגָרֶה Pr 15:18; 28:25; 29:22, all c. obj. מָדוֹן excite, stir up, strife.—On גֵּרָה Dt 14:8 v. i. גֵּרָה²" dir="rtl" >גֵּרָה sub גֵּרָה²" dir="rtl" >גרר. Hithp. Pf. 2 fs. הִתְגָּרִית Je 50:24; Impf. 3 ms. יִתְגָּרֶה Dn 11:25, וְיִתְגָּרֶ֯ו v 10; 2 ms. תִּתְגָּרֶה 2 K 14:10 2 Ch 25:19; juss. apoc. תִּתְגָּר Dt 2:9, 19; 3 mpl. יִתְגָּרוּ Pr 28:4 Dn 11:10, cf. Dn 11:10 Kt., v. supr.; 2 mpl. תִּתְגָּרוּ Dt 2:5 (juss.); Imv. ms. הִתְגָּר Dt 2:24;— 1. excite oneself against (בְּ pers.), engage in strife with, lit. Dt 2:5, 19, Je 50:24, 2 K 14:10 = 2 Ch 25:19 (sq. בְּרָעָה;—רעה personif. as challenged opponent); also + acc. of manner, מִלְחָמָה Dt 2:9, 24; fig. וְשֹׁמְרֵי תוֹרָה יִתְגָּרוּ בָם Pr 28:4 while they that keep the law are at strife with them, i.e. with those that forsake it. 2. abs., excite oneself (against foe), wage war, only Dn 11; יִתְגָּרוּ וְאָֽסְפוּ הֲמוֹן חֲיָלִים רַבִּים v 10 they shall wage war, etc.; וְיָשֹׁב וְיִתְגָּרֶ֯ו עַד־מָעֻזֹּה v 10 and he shall return and war, even to his stronghold; v 25 sq. לַמִּלְחָמָה + בְּחַיִל גָּדוֹל (instr.)

† גָּזַר vb. cut, divide (Arabic جَزَرَ, NH גָּזַר cut, determine, circumcise; Ethiopic ገዘረ Aramaic גְּזַר, ܓܙܰܪ )— Qal Pf. גָּזַר Hb 3:17; Impf. וַיִּגְזֹר Is 9:19; 2 ms. תִּגְזַר Jb 22:28; וַיִּגְזְרוּ 2 K 6:4; Pt. act. גֹּזֵר ψ 136:13;— 1. divide, cut in two, sq. acc. 1 K 3:25 (ג׳ לִשְׁנָ֑יִם) cf. v 26 (obj. not expressed). 2. divide the Red Sea (acc.) ψ 136:13 sq. לִגְזָרִים. 3. cut down הָעֵצִים 2 K 6:4. 4. cut off (piece of meat to eat, but obj. not expr. ‖ אכל) Is 9:19. 5. cut off, i.e. destroy, exterminate Hb 3:17 (c. acc.; indef. subj.), sq. מִן loc. 6. decree (Aramaism, cf. Biblical Aramaic) Jb 22:28 c. acc. Niph. Pf. נִגְזַר 2 Ch 26:21; Est 2:1, נִגְזָ֑רְתִּי La 3:54, נִגֳז֑רוּ ψ 88:6, נִגְזַרְנוּ Ez 37:11; Is 53:8;— 1. be cut off, separated, excluded from (מִן) temple 2 Ch 26:21, from (מִן) Yahweh’s hand ψ 88:6 (of the slain), from (מִן) the land of the living Is 53:8 (of the suffering servant of י׳). 2. be cut off = destroyed La 3:54; Ez 37:11. 3. be decreed, Est 2:1 sq. עַל against (cf. Qal 6).

βᾰσᾰν-ίζω, Attic dialect future -ῐῶRefs 5th c.BC+aorist ἐβασάνισα, subjunctive βασανίσω variant in Refs —passive, aorist ἐβασανίσθην: perfect βεβασάνισμαι:—rub upon the touch-stone (βάσανος), χρυσόν Refs 5th c.BC+: hence, put to the test, prove, Refs 4th c.BC+; investigate scientifically, Refs 5th c.BC+ of the instances used in inductive inference, ἀπὸ τῶν πανταχόθεν βεβασανισμένων [μεταβαίνομεν] Refs 1st c.BC+ __II of persons, examine closely, cross-question, Refs 5th c.BC+; βεβασανισμένος εἰς δικαιοσύνην having his love of justice put to the test, Refs 5th c.BC+; ὑπὸ δακρύων βασανίζεσθαι, i.e. to be convicted of being painted by tears (washing off the cosmetic), Refs 5th c.BC+ __II.2 question by applying torture, torture, rack (see. βάσανοςIII), Refs 5th c.BC+:—passive, to be put to the torture, Refs 5th c.BC+; to be tortured by disease (censured by NT+2nd c.AD+; of animals, Refs 2nd c.AD+: metaphorically of the earth,Refs __II.3 metaphorically of style, strain, Refs 3rd c.AD+forced, unnatural, Refs 1st c.BC+

βῆμα· πρόβατα, Refs 5th c.AD+

ἐκδῐκ-ησις, εως, ἡ, avenging, ἐ. ποιεῖσθαι to give satisfaction, Refs 2nd c.BC+; ἐ. ποιεῖσθαί τινος obtain it from.., Refs; legal remedy, Refs 6th c.AD+; ἐ. ποιεῖν τινι avenge him, NT

λῐθ-άζω, (λίθος) fling stones, Refs 4th c.BC+ __2 throw like stones, χρυσὸν εἴς τινα Refs 2nd c.AD+ __II stone, τινα NT+4th c.BC+:— passive, uncertain meaning in Refs

† [עָנַשׁ] vb. denom. (Gerber61 f.) fine, mulct;— Qal Pf. consec. וְעָֽנְשׁוּ Dt 22:19 (2 acc.); Impf. וַיַּעֲנֹשׁ 2 Ch 36:3 (2 acc.; ‖ 2 K 23:33 supr.); Inf. cstr. עֲנוֹשׁ Pr 17:26 (לְ pers.); = punish (in gen.) עֲנָשׁ־ 21:11; Pt. pass. עֲנוּשִׁים Am 2:8 those fined, mulcted. Niph. Impf. + Qal Inf. abs. עָנוֹשׁ יֵעָנֵשׁ Ex 21:22 (E) he shall be strictly fined; more gen. Pf. נֶעֱנָ֑שׁוּ Pr 22:3 be mulcted, punished = 27:12.

πραιτώριον, τό, = Latin Praetorium, official residence of a governor, NT; later, of private residences, Refs 6th c.AD+ __II praetorian guard: ἔπαρχος πραιτωρίον, τοῦ π., = praefectus praetorio, Refs 2nd c.AD+ __II.2 imperial household, Ep. Phil.1.13.

ἐγκᾰλέω, call in a debt, Refs 5th c.BC+: generally, demand as one's due, ἀργύριον Refs 5th c.BC+ __2 invoke, τὴν τῶν θεῶν ἰατρείαν Refs 1st c.BC+ __II bring a charge or accusation against a person:—Constr.: with dative person et accusative of things, charge something against one, φόνους ἐ. τινί Refs 5th c.BC+; χόλον κατ᾽ αὐτῶν ἐ. Refs 5th c.BC+: with infinitive, ἐστὶν ἃ ἐνεκάλει τοῖς Ἀθηναίοις παραβαίνειν τὰς σπονδάς Refs 5th c.BC+: with participle, ἐ. αὐτοῖς ἀμελοῦσιν Refs 5th c.BC+: frequently with dative person only, accuse, Refs 5th c.BC+: with accusative of things only, bring as a charge, εἴ τι ἄλλο ἐνεκάλουν Refs 5th c.BC+; τὸ νεῖκος ἐγκαλεῖν throw the blame of quarrel on another, Refs 5th c.BC+ —passive, ἐγκαλεῖται τῇ τύχῃ a charge is brought against.., Refs 4th c.BC+; τὰ ἐγκεκλημένα charges, Refs 2nd c.BC+: also with person. construction, ἐγκαλεῖσθαι ὑπέρ τινος Refs 1st c.BC+ — _Locrian dialect_ participle ἐγκαλείμενος may be either middle or passive, Refs __II.2 as lawterm, prosecute, take proceedings against, οὔτ᾽ ἐγκαλοῦντες οὔτ᾽ ἐγκαλούμενοι Refs 5th c.BC+ __II.3 object, with accusative et infinitive, Refs 1st c.BC+

κατήγορ-ος, ὁ, accuser, NT+5th c.BC+; δημόσιος κ. public prosecutor, Refs 3rd c.AD+; betrayer, φρονημάτων ἡ γλῶσσ᾽ ἀληθὴς γίγνεται κ. Refs 5th c.BC+; πνεῦμα ὧν κατήγορον,.. δρόμοις [ἡ φύσις] ἐκβιᾶται κατηγορέειν what the respiration reveals, Refs 5th c.BC+

λῐθοβολ-έω, pelt with stones, stone, LXX+1st c.BC+:—passive, LXX

μαστῑγ-όω, optative μαστιγοίην (variant -οῖμι) Refs 4th c.BC+: future -ώσω Refs 5th c.BC+: aorist -ωσα Refs 5th c.BC+:—passive, future μαστιγωθήσομαι LXX+5th c.BC+: aorist participle -ωθείς Refs 5th c.BC+:—whip, flog, Refs 5th c.BC+:—passive, Refs 5th c.BC+; πληγὰς μαστιγούσθω let him be whipped, Refs 5th c.BC+

βᾰσᾰν-ισμός, ὁ, torture: ὁ γὰρ Κορίνθιος (i.e. οἶνος) β. ἐστι NT+2nd c.AD+

ἐκδῐκ-έω, avenge, punish, φόνον NT+5th c.BC+; exact vengeance for, τὰ αἵματα τῶν δούλων LXX+2nd c.BC+ __2 decide a case, δίκην, ἀγῶνα, Refs 1st c.AD+ __II avenge or vindicate a person, by taking up his cause, NT+1st c.AD+; ἐ. τινὰ ἀπό τινος avenge one on another, NT+5th c.BC+:—passive, LXX __II.2 act as ἔκδικος Refs 1st c.BC+ __III claim, Refs 5th c.AD+ __IV ἐ. τισί make retribution for them, Refs 5th c.BC+

ἐρευν-άω, also ἐρευν-ίω Refs, and ἐραυνάω (which see):— seek or search for, search after, track, ἴχνι᾽ ἐρευνῶντες κύνες ἤϊσαν Refs 8th c.BC+; ὧν..ἂν θεὸς χρείαν ἐρευνᾷ the things whereof he seeks after the use, i.e. whatever things he finds serviceable, Refs 5th c.BC+ __2 search, explore a place, Refs 5th c.BC+; τεναγέων ῥοάς Refs 5th c.BC+ thou wilt find by searching, Refs 5th c.BC+ __3 inquire after, φάτιν Refs 5th c.BC+; examine into a question, Refs 5th c.BC+ —also in middle, διάνοια πᾶσαν φύσιν -ωμένηRefs 2nd c.AD+ __4 with infinitive, seek to do, Refs 3rd c.BC+

καταδῐκ-άζω, give judgement or sentence against a person, condemn, opposed to ἀποδικάζω:—Constr.: with genitive person et accusative of things, κ. τινὸς θάνατον Refs 5th c.BC+; τὴν διπλασίαν (i.e. ζημίαν) Legal cited in Refs 4th c.BC+: with genitive person et infinitive, κ. σεαυτοῦ τὰ ἔσχατα παθεῖν Refs 5th c.BC+:—middle, get sentence given against a person, δίκην καταδικάσασθαί τινος Refs 5th c.BC+; κ. τινός, without accusative, Refs 5th c.BC+; κ. τινὸς Χρημάτων get a person condemned [to a payment] of money, Refs 5th c.BC+ —passive, καταδικασθείς condemned, Refs 5th c.BC+ W.; ἐπὶ φόνῳ for murder, Refs 1st c.BC+; later καταδικασθῆναι θανάτῳ to be condemned to death, Refs 2nd c.AD+; εἰς δοῦλον, εἰς νῆσον, Refs 2nd c.AD+: with infinitive, καταδικάζεται ἀποθανεῖν Refs 2nd c.AD+; of the sentence, ἀντέλεγον μὴ δικαίως σφῶν καταδεδικάσθαι that judgement had been given against them unjustly, Refs 5th c.BC+; of fines imposed, τὰ -θέντα ἐκπραξέω Refs __II middle, have judgement given in one's favour, Refs 4th c.BC+ __III declare by express judgement, ὅτι.. Refs 5th c.BC+ __IV passive, to be bound by a law,Refs 4th c.BC+

† [קוּט] vb. feel a loathing (‖ form of קוּץ q.v.);— Qal Impf. 1 s. אָקוּט בְּדוֹר ψ 95:10 I felt a loathing at the generation. Niph. Pf. 2 mpl. consec. וּנְקֹטֹתֶם בִּפְנֵיכֶם Ez 20:43 ye shall feel loathing against your faces (at yourselves), c. ב rei, so 36:31 (עַל rei); metapl. (as if from קטט) 3 pl. consec. וְנָקֹטּוּ בִּפְנֵיהֶם Ez 6:9 (אֶל rei, for עַל + ל rei, for which Co בְּ, Krae בְּ or עַל); also 3 fs. נָֽקְטָה נַפְשִׁי בְּ Jb 10:1 (as if from נקט*; on both forms v. Ges§§ 67 dd, 72 dd). Hithpōʿl id. Impf. 1 s. אֶתְקוֹטָט בְּ ψ 139:21 (We אֶתְקוֹמֵם); abs. וָאֶתְקוֹטָ֑טָה 119:158.—Ez 16:47 v. קָט; Jb 8:14 v. foll.

† [שָׂטַן] vb.denom. (Gerber30) be or act as adversary;— Qal Impf. 3 mpl. sf. יִשְׂטְנוּנִי ψ 38:21; 109:4; Inf. cstr. sf. לְשִׂטְנוֹ Zc 3:1; Pt. pl. cstr. שֹטְנֵי ψ 71:13, sf. שֹטְנַי 109:20, שׂוֹטְנַי v 29.

† תְּמוּרָה n.f. exchange, recompense;—ת׳ Ru 4:7; sf. תְּמוּרָתוֹ Lv 27:10 + 3 times; תְּמוּרָתָהּ Jb 28:17;—exchange = thing acquired by exchange Lv 27:10, 33 Jb 28:17; חֵיל תְּמוּרָתוֹ Jb 20:18 wealth acquired by exchange (fig.; read poss. חֵילוֹ as his wealth (so) his exchange, Bu); recompense (for worldliness) Jb 15:31; abstr. exchanging Ru 4:7 (‖ גְּאוּלָּה).

† דִּין n.m. Ezr 7:26 judgment;—abs. ד׳ Dn 4:34 = justice (of ways of God); emph. דִּינָה מִתְעֲבֵד מִנֵּהּ Ezr 7:26 judgment be executed upon him; דִּינָא = judges, court Dn 7:10, 26 + perhaps v 22 (reading וְד׳ יְהִב [יְתִב וְשָׁלְטָנָא], Ew Bev Kmp Dr); MT however = judgment was given in favour of (v. Dr).

προσωπο-ληψία, ἡ, respect of persons, NT

ἐξετ-άζω, future ἐξετάσω, rarely ἐξετῶ Refs 5th c.BC+: aorist ἐξήτασα Refs 5th c.BC+, etc., Doric dialect ἐξήταξα Refs 3rd c.BC+: perfect ἐξήτακα Refs 5th c.BC+:—passive, future -ετασθήσομαιRefs 4th c.BC+aorist -ητάσθην (see. below): perfect -ήτασμαι (see. entry near the end):—examine well or closely, scrutinize, review, ἐ. φίλους, ὅντιν᾽ ἔχουσι νόον Refs 6th c.BC+; ἐ., opposed to ὑπέχειν λόγον, Refs 4th c.BC+; τὸ δι᾽ ἀκριβείας -αζόμενον exactly weighed words, Refs 5th c.BC+; ἐ. τι [διὰ] τῶν εἰδότων make inquiries into a thing from.., Refs 5th c.BC+ __2 of troops, inspect, review, Refs 5th c.BC+:—passive, στρατὸς δὲ θάσσει κἀξετάζεται Refs 5th c.BC+ __3 ἐ. τὴν βουλήν, τὸ βουλευτικόν, = Latin legere senatum, revise the roll of the Senate, Refs 2nd c.AD+ __4 examine, approve, Refs 3rd c.BC+ __5 pass in review, enumerate, ἁμαρτήματα ἀκριβῶς ἐ. Refs 5th c.BC+ __II examine or question a person closely, Refs 5th c.BC+:—passive, Refs 4th c.BC+ __III estimate, τι πρός τι one thing with reference to another, Refs 5th c.BC+; compare, πρὸς Ἀριστογείτονα ἐμαυτόν Refs 4th c.BC+ __IV prove by scrutiny or test, of gold, Refs 6th c.BC+; ἐ. τοὺς κακούς τε κἀγαθούς Refs 5th c.BC+: with participle, ἐξητακὼς στερεοὺς ὑπάρχοντας τοὺς τόπους Refs 2nd c.BC+ —more frequently in passive, ἐὰν μὴ παρὼν ἐ. unless he is proved to have been present, Refs 5th c.BC+; of things, τὰ φοβερὰ ἐξετασθήσεται μέχρι λόγου τοιαῦτα ὄντα Refs 1st c.BC+ __V passive, to be numbered, counted, with genitive, ὧν εἷς ἐγὼ βουληθεὶς ἐξετάζεσθαι Refs 5th c.BC+to be found in the number of.., Refs 4th c.BC+; μετὰ τῶν ἄλλων ἐξητάζετο he appeared among.., Refs 1st c.BC+; to be placed on a roll, ἐν τοῖς ἱππικοῖς among the Refs 1st c.AD+; of the census, ἐξητάσθησαν αἱ πᾶσαι πεντεκαίδεκα [μυριάδες] Refscaes.Refs __V.2 passive, present oneself, appear, Refs 4th c.BC+

καταγιγνώσκω, Ionic dialect and later καταγηρ-γῑνώσκω, future -γνώσομαιRefs 5th c.BC+:—remark, observe, especially something to one's prejudice, with genitive person: __I generally, καταγνοὺς τοῦ γέροντος τοὺς τρόπους having observed his foibles, Refs 5th c.BC+; πολλήν γέ μου δυστυχίαν κατέγνωκας I have been very unfortunate by your way of it, Refs 5th c.BC+; οὐκ ἐπιτήδεα κατά τινος κ. having formed unfavourable prejudices against one, Refs 5th c.BC+: with infinitive, of an unfavourable judgement, κ. ἑαυτοῦ μὴ περιέσεσθαι Refs 5th c.BC+ despising us because.. Refs 5th c.BC+: with participle, κ. τινὰ πράττοντα Refs 5th c.BC+:—passive, to be judged unfavourably, lightly esteemed, παρολιγωρεῖσθαι καὶ καταγινώσκεσθαι Refs 2nd c.BC+; κατεγνωσμένος despised, Refs 2nd c.AD+ __II with accusative criminis, lay as a charge against a person, κ. ἑωυτῶν ἀνανδρείην Refs 5th c.BC+; δειλίαν, δωροδοκίαν κ. τινός, Refs 5th c.BC+; πολλὴν μανίαν, μωρίαν, Refs 5th c.BC+ —passive, καταγνωσθεὶς δειλίαν being convicted of cowardice, Refs 1st c.BC+self-condemned, NT __II.2 with genitive criminis, παρανόμων κ. τινός Refs 4th c.BC+ pronounce a verdict of murder against.. , Legal cited in Refs 5th c.BC+; μὴ καταγιγνώσκωμεν τὸ (perhaps τοῦ) μηδὲν εἰρηκέναι τὸν ἀποφηνάμενον Refs 5th c.BC+ __II.3 with infinitive, κ. σφῶν αὐτῶν, ἑαυτοῦ ἀδικεῖν, charge oneself with.. , Refs 5th c.BC+ —so in passive, καταγνωσθεὶς νεώτερα πρήσσειν being suspected of doing, Refs 5th c.BC+; κ. αὐθέντης (i.e. εἶναι) Refs 5th c.BC+; to be detected, ἔν τινι Refs 3rd c.AD+; also κατέγνωσται μελίκρητον ὑπὸ τῶν ἀνθρώπων ὡς καταγυιοῖ τοὺς πίνοντας Refs 5th c.BC+ __II.4 with genitive person only, condemn, τοῦ ἀνθρώπου Refs 5th c.BC+ __III with accusative poenae, give judgement or sentence against a person, κ. τινὸς θάνατον pass sentence of death on one, Refs 5th c.BC+; Μηδισμοῦ κ. τινὸς θάνατον for Medism, Refs 5th c.BC+: with infinitive, κ. αὐτοῦ ἀποτεῖσαι τὰ Χρήματα Refs 4th c.BC+; later θάνατον, φυγὴν κ. κατά τινος, Refs 1st c.BC+:—passive, θάνατός τινος κατέγνωστο Refs 5th c.BC+ they were condemned, Refs 5th c.BC+ __III.2 decide a suit, δίκην Refs 5th c.BC+:— passive, Refs 5th c.BC+

κατά-κρῐμα, ατος, τό, condemnation, judgement, Refs 1st c.BC+ __2 punishment, fine, damage, NT+1st c.AD+

κατηγορ-ία, Ionic dialect -ιη, ἡ, accusation, Refs 5th c.BC+; opposed to αἰτία (expostulation), Refs 5th c.BC+; opposed to ἀπολογία Refs 5th c.BC+; κ. ἐγένοντο πολλαὶ τῶν Ἀθηναίων charges were made against.., Refs 5th c.BC+; εἰ.. ἐπὶ τοῖς πεπραγμένοις κατηγορίας ἔχω I am liable to accusation, Refs 4th c.BC+ __II in Logic, predication, Refs 4th c.BC+; especially affirmative predication, opposed to στέρησις, Refs __II.2 predicate, Refs 4th c.BC+ __II.3 more frequently, category, head of predicables, Refs 4th c.BC+

κρῐτ-ήριον, τό, means for judging or trying, standard, frequently of the mental faculties and senses, Refs 6th c.BC+ measure, test, Refs 4th c.BC+ __2 court of judgement, tribunal, NT+5th c.BC+ __2.b decision of a tribunal, judgement, Refs 2nd c.BC+

μισθαπο-δοσία, ἡ, payment of wages, recompense, NT

† גְּמוּלָה n.f. 2 S 19:37 dealing, recompence—ג׳ 2 S 19:37 cf. גָּמַל; pl. גְּמוּלוֹת dealings Is 59:18; Je 51:56 אֵל גְּמֻלוֹת God of recompence.

† [פָּלִיל] n.m. judge; pl. פְּלִילִים Dt 32:31 our enemies being judges, umpires; עָוֹן פ׳ Jb 31:11, read עֲוֹן פ׳ according to Di Siegf, cf. De; עָוֹן פְּלִילִי as v 28, so Bu Du; בִּפְלִלִים Ex 21:22, read perhaps בַּנְּפָלִים for the abortion Bu ZAW xi (1891), 107, cf. also Di-Ry.

† שִׁלּוּם Mi 7:3, שִׁלֻּם Ho 9:7, n.[m.] requital;—pl. שִׁלּוּמִים Is 34:8;— 1. requital, retribution, יְמֵי הַשׁ׳ Ho 9:7 (‖ פְּקֻדָּה); שְׁנַת שׁ׳ Is 34:8 (‖ נָקָם). 2. reward, bribe Mi 7:3 שֹׁפֵט בַּשׁ׳.

ἀκρῑβ-όω, future -ώσω, make exact or accurate, Refs 5th c.BC+; ἀ. τάδε to be perfect in bearing these hardships, Refs 5th c.BC+; arrange precisely, Refs 5th c.BC+:—passive, to be exact or perfect, Refs 5th c.BC+—Later in middle, Refs 1st c.AD+ __2 investigate accurately, understand thoroughly, οἱ τάδ᾽ ἠκριβωκότεςRefs 5th c.BC+; τοὔνομά μου σὺ ἀκριβοῖ; are you sure of..? Refs 5th c.BC+; inquire carefully of, τὸν χρόνονNT:—passive, Refs 2nd c.AD+ __3 describe accurately, τι Refs 1st c.BC+ __4 absolutely, to be exact, ἡ φύσις οὐκ ἀκριβοῖRefs 4th c.BC+

ἀνετάζω, inquire of, ἀλλήλους τὴν αἰτίανLXX+2nd c.AD+ __II examine documents, Refs; examine by torture, τινάNT

ἀνταπό-δομα, ατος, τό, repayment, requital, whether of good or evil, LXX+NT

ἀντιμισθ-ία, ἡ, requital, recompense, NT

βολίζω, (βολίς) heave the lead, take soundings, NT:—passive, sink in water, Refs

βρᾰβ-εῖον, Epic dialect βρᾰβ-ήϊον, τό, prize in the games, NT+4th c.BC+ __II wand, baton given as a prize, τιμηθεὶς χρυσείῳβ. Refs 2nd c.AD+

δῐκαστ-ής, οῦ, ὁ, a judge, Refs 5th c.BC+ __2 of stars, δ. τῶν ὅλων Refs 1st c.BC+ __3 at Athens and elsewhere, juror, Refs 5th c.BC+; opposed to νομοθέτης, Refs 5th c.BC+ __II δ. αἵματος avenger, Refs 5th c.BC+

ἔγ-κλημα, ατος, τό, (ἐγκαλέω) accusation, charge, ἔ. τινι ἔχειν Refs 5th c.BC+; ἐγκλήματα ἔχειν τινός, ={ἐγκαλεῖν τι}, Refs 5th c.BC+; ἔ. ποιεῖν τι make a thing matter of complaint, Refs; ἐγκλήματα ποιεῖσθαι bring accusations, Refs; τὰ ἐ. τὰ ἔς τινας complaints respecting..,Refs 4th c.BC+; γίγνεται or ἐστὶ ἔγκλημά μοι πρός τινα I have ground of complaint respecting him, Refs 5th c.BC+; λύειν ἔ. clear away a charge, Refs 5th c.BC+ __II in Law, written complaint: generally, of complaints which were to lead to private suits, ἔ. λαγχάνειν τινί file a complaint against.., Refs 4th c.BC+ __III concrete, a standing reproach, τῆς τύχης καὶ τῶν θεῶν Refs __III.2 defect, Refs 2nd c.AD+

ἔκδῐκ-ος, ον, lawless, unjust, ἔκδικα πάσχω Refs 4th c.BC+; of persons, Refs 5th c.BC+. adverb -κωςRefs 4th c.BC+ __II maintaining the right, avenging, ἔχει θεὸς ἔ. ὄμμα LXX+1st c.AD+ __II.2 substantive, avenger, Refs 1st c.AD+ __II.3 public advocate or prosecutor, Refs 1st c.BC+ __II.4 generally, legal representative, Refs 1st c.AD+

κᾰκουχ-έω, (ἔχω) wrong, injure, αὑτόν Telesp.34H.; maltreat, especially a wife, MitteisRefs 2nd c.BC+, etc.:— passive, to be afflicted or injured, LXX+1st c.BC+

κατά-κρῐσις, εως, ἡ, condemnation, NT+2nd c.AD+ __2 judgement, κ. ψευδής a false estimate, Refs 2nd c.AD+

κολάζω, future κολάσω Refs 5th c.BC+: aorist ἐκόλασα Refs 5th c.BC+:—middle, future κολάσομαι Refs 5th c.BC+; twice contraction in Refs 5th c.BC+, 2nd pers. singular κολᾷ Refs, participle κολωμένους Refs: aorist ἐκολασάμην Refs 5th c.BC+:—passive, future -ασθήσομαι Refs 5th c.BC+: aorist ἐκολάσθην Refs: perfect κεκόλασμαι Refs 5th c.BC+:—check, chastise, τὰς ἐπιθυμίας Refs 5th c.BC+:—passive, to be corrected, τὸ ἐν μέλιτι χολῶδες -άζεται Refs 5th c.BC+: perfect participle passive, chastened, εὐπειθὲς καὶ κεκολ. Refs 4th c.BC+; ῥήτωρ κεκ. Refs 2nd c.AD+; also of an athlete, ἀπέριττος τὰ μυώδη καὶ μὴ κεκ. Refs __2 chastise, punish, τινα Refs 5th c.BC+; τὰ σέμν᾽ ἔπη κόλαζ᾽ ἐκείνους use your proud words in reproving them, Refs 5th c.BC+; πληγαῖς, τιμωρίαις, Refs 5th c.BC+:—middle, get a person punished, Refs 5th c.BC+:—passive, to be punished, etc., Refs 5th c.BC+; of divine retribution, Refs 1st c.AD+; suffer injury, Refs 2nd c.AD+ __3 of a drastic method of checking the growth of the almond-tree, Refs 4th c.BC+:—passive, Refs __4 passive with genitive, to be badly in need of, Refs 1st c.AD+

τῑμωρ-έω, future -ήσωRefs 5th c.BC+:—middle, future -ήσομαιRefs 5th c.BC+: aorist ἐτιμωρησάμην Refs 5th c.BC+:—passive, perfect τετῑμώρημαι Refs 5th c.BC+: used in middle sense, Refs 5th c.BC+: aorist ἐτιμωρήθην Refs 3rd c.BC+:—to be an avenger, exact or seek to exact vengeance for, avenge, τινι Refs 5th c.BC+ uncertain reading in Refs 5th c.BC+ with accusative _of things_, τ. τῷ ἑταίρῳ τὸν φόνον avenge his slaughter, Refs 5th c.BC+ (for τινι) take vengeance for him, Refs 5th c.BC+; ὑπὲρ τοῦ δήμου Refs 5th c.BC+:—middle, avenge or seek to avenge one's own relative or friend, πατρὶ πάντα τιμωρουμένης Refs 5th c.BC+ — _impersonal_ in passive, Λεωνίδῃ τετιμώρηται vengeance has been taken for him, he has been avenged, Refs 5th c.BC+, thou wilt have taken vengeance in respect to L., Refs __2 τιμωρεῖν τινα take vengeance on him, Refs 5th c.BC+; τοὺς αὐτοένταςRefs 5th c.BC+, compare 92; Παλαμήδους σε τιμωρεῖ φόνου (variant{φόνον}) is taking vengeance on you for the murder of P., Refs 5th c.BC+:—passive, to be visited with vengeance, punished, Refs 5th c.BC+; ὧν ἡμάρτομεν τετιμωρήμεθα we have been punished, Refs 3rd c.BC+; εἰς τὸ -ηθῆναι αὐτούς Refs —this sense is more frequently in __3 middle, avenge oneself upon, exact vengeance from, τινα Refs 5th c.BC+; Ἑαυτὸν τιμωρούμενος Self-punisher, name of a play by Menander,Refs 5th c.BC+ with genitive _of things_, τιμωρεῖσθαί τινά τινος take vengeance on one for a thing, Refs 5th c.BC+; περὶ (perhaps ὑπὲρ) τῶν πεπραγμένων Refs 5th c.BC+ less frequently with accusative _of things_, εἰ μή σ᾽ ἀδελφῆς αἷμα τιμωρήσεται will visit his sister's blood on thee, Refs 5th c.BC+ __3.b absolutely, avenge oneself, seek vengeance, Refs 5th c.BC+; ταῖς ἐσχάταις τιμωρίαις τ. visit with the extreme penalties, Refs 5th c.BC+; τὸ τιμωρησόμενον the power to exact vengeance, Refs 4th c.BC+: the crime is sometimes added in a relative clause, τ. εἴ τι.. ἠδίκησαν Refs 5th c.BC+ exact vengeance for Greece, Refs __II especially in present and imperfect, succour one who has been attacked or has suffered injury, help him to retaliate, τινι Refs 5th c.BC+: absolutely, lend aid, give succour, Refs 5th c.BC+ __II.2 of medical aid, τ. τῷ παθήματι relieve it, Refs 5th c.BC+

φραγελλ-όω, = Latin flagellare, NT

† דַּיָּן n.m. judge 1 S 24:16; cstr. דַּיַּן ψ 68:6.

‡ † [דְּתָבָר] n.m. judge (loan-word from Pers. dâtabara, law-bearer, judge (cf.דִּינָיֵא), AndrM 59* MeyEntst. J.23 Dr Dn; in Bab. as dâtabar(r)i Hilpr Bab. Exp. ix. 28);—pl. emph. דְּתָֽבְרַיָּא Dn 3:2, 3.

† II. חָרוּץ n.[m.] strict decision, only עֵמֶק הֶחָרוּץ Jo 4:14(×2) valley of strict decision (v. Bal. c.).

† [מָסַר] vb. si vera l. deliver up, offer (NH מָסַר; Aramaic ܡܣܰܪ deliver up, denounce, betray, מְסַר; HomZMG xlvi. 1892, 530 comp. Sab. מסר take away);— Qal Inf. cstr. לִמְסָר־מַ֫עַל בי׳ Nu 31:16 offer (commit) a trespass against י׳, but read לִמְעֹל, cf. Thes Di (v. Nu 5:6 2 Ch 36:14). Niph. Impf. וַיִּמָּֽסְרוּ Nu 31:5 delivered over to, assigned to (of warriors), read perhaps וַיִּסָּֽפְרוּ (𝔊 ἐξηρίθμησαν) cf. Thes.

† שְׁפוֹט n.m. si vera l. judgment, act of judgment;—abs. שׁ׳ 2 Ch 20:9 (so 𝔊 𝔖, but dub.); pl. שְׁפוּטִים Ez 23:10 (Toy שְׁפָטִים, Co del.).

αἰτί-ᾱμα, ατος, τό, charge, accusation, λαβεῖν ἐπ᾽ αἰτιάματί τιναRefs 5th c.BC+

ἀμοιβ-ή, ἡ, (ἀμείβω) requital, recompense, Refs 8th c.BC+; ἀγαναῖς ἀ. τινὰ τίνεσθαι to requite him by like return, Refs; οἵας ἀ. ἐξ Ἰάσονος κυρεῖRefs 5th c.BC+; retribution, ἔργων ἀντ᾽ ἀδίκων χαλεπὴν ἐπέθηκεν ἀ.Refs 8th c.BC+ __2 repayment, compensation, τείσουσι βοῶν ἐπιεικέ᾽ ἀ.Refs 8th c.BC+ __3 that which is given in exchange, τῷ σκυτοτόμῳ ἀντὶ τῶν ὑποδημάτων ἀ. γίνεται κατ᾽ ἀξίανRefs 4th c.BC+ __4 answer, ἀσχήμων ἐν τῇ ἀ.Refs 5th c.BC+ __II change, exchange, τὰς ἀ. ποιεῖσθαιRefs 1st c.BC+; of money, Refs 1st c.AD+ __III change, alternation, κακῶνRefs 5th c.BC+ __III.2 transformation, Refs 3rd c.AD+

ἀνταπό-δοσις, εως, ἡ, giving back in turn, opposed to ἀποδοχή, Refs 5th c.BC+; rendering, requiting, repayment, Refs 4th c.BC+; retribution, LXX; reprisals, γίγνεται ἀ. ἔκ τινοςRefs 2nd c.BC+; reward, LXX+NT __II turning back, opposite direction or course, of a current, ἀ. ποιεῖσθαιRefs 2nd c.BC+ __II.2 responsive sound, Refs 4th c.BC+ __III alternation, e.g. of action and reaction, περιόδων πρὸς ἀλλήλαςRefs 5th c.BC+; reaction, probably in Refs 4th c.BC+ __III.2 Rhet., parallelism or opposition of clauses in a periodic sentence, Refs 4th c.BC+; in a simile, correspondence with the object of comparison, Refs 1st c.AD+ __III.2.b Grammars, correlativity of words such as τοιοῦτος, οἷος, Refs 2nd c.AD+ __III.2.c answering clause, Refs 2nd c.AD+ __III.3 capping verses, as a subject of competition, Refs

ἀπόκρῐμα, ατος, τό, judicial sentence, condemnation (={κατάκριμα}, NT+5th c.AD+ __2 (from middle) answer, δοῦναί τισιRefs 2nd c.BC+; especially of the answers given by Emperors to legationes, ὁ ἐπὶ τῶν Ἑλληνικῶν ἀ.Refs 1st c.AD+; ἐπὶ τῶν ἐπιστολῶν καὶ πρεσβειῶν καὶ ἀ.Refs see at {Διονύσιος},Refs 1st c.AD+; also of a proconsul of Asia, Refs 2nd c.AD+ __2.b rescript, θεοῦ ἉδριανοῦRefs 2nd c.AD+

αὐτο-κατάκρῐτος, ον, self-condemned, NT+1st c.AD+

βᾰσᾰν-ιστής, οῦ, ὁ, examiner, questioner, torturer, Refs 5th c.BC+; gaoler, NT.Matt.18.34. __II one who tests, Refs 4th c.AD+:—feminine βᾰσᾰν-ίστρια, examiner, ἐπῶν Refs 5th c.BC+

διαβάλλω, future -βᾰλῶ: perfect -βέβληκα:— throw or carry over or across, νέας Refs 5th c.BC+; in wrestling, Refs 5th c.BC+ __2 more frequently intransitive, pass over, cross, ἐκ.. ἐς.. Refs 5th c.BC+ __3 put through, τῆς θύρας δάκτυλον Refs 4th c.BC+ __II in Refs 5th c.BC+ whatever scraps they threw to him, with a play on signification see __III set at variance, ἐμὲ καὶ Ἀγάθωνα Refs 5th c.BC+; set against, τινὰς πρὸς τὰ πάθη, πρὸς τὴν βρῶσιν, Refs 1st c.AD+; bring into discredit, μή με διαβάλῃς στρατῷ Refs 5th c.BC+:— passive, to be at variance with, τινί Refs; to be filled with suspicion and resentment against another, Refs 5th c.BC+; to be brought into discredit, ἐς τοὺς ξυμμάχους Refs 5th c.BC+discredited, Refs 5th c.BC+ __IV put off with evasions, δ. τινὰ μίαν (i.e. ἡμέραν) ἐκ μιᾶς Refs 2nd c.AD+ __V attack a man's character, calumniate, δ. τοὺς Ἀθηναίους πρὸς τὸν Ἀρταφρένεα Refs 5th c.BC+; διέβαλλον τοὺς Ἴωνας ὡς δι᾽ ἐκείνους ἀπολοίατο αἱ νέες Refs 5th c.BC+; accuse, complain of, without implied malice or falsehood, Refs 2nd c.BC+: with dative of things, reproach a man with.., τῇ ἀτυχίᾳ Refs 5th c.BC+; δ. τινὰ εἴς or πρός τι, Refs 2nd c.AD+:—passive, διεβλήθη ὡς NT+2nd c.AD+ __V.2 with accusative of things, misrepresent, Refs 4th c.BC+: speak or state slanderously, ὡς οὗτος διέβαλλεν Refs; τοῦτό μου διαβάλλει Refsgive hostile information, without any insinuation of falsehood, Refs 5th c.BC+ __V.3 δ. τι εἴς τινα lay the blame for a thing on.., Refs 6th c.AD+ __V.4 disprove a scientific or philosophical doctrine, Refs 2nd c.AD+:—passive, Refs 1st c.AD+ __V.5 δ. ἔπος declare it spurious, Refs __VI deceive by false accounts, impose upon, mislead, τινά Refs 5th c.BC+:—middle, Refs 5th c.BC+:—passive, Refs 5th c.BC+ __VII divert from a course of action, πρὸς τὴν κακίαν τινάς Refs:—passive, ψυχὴ -βέβληται πρὸς μάχην Refs 2nd c.AD+ __VIII middle, contract an obligation (?), Refs __IX διαβάλλεσθαι ἀστραγάλοις πρός τινα throw against him, Refs 1st c.AD+

διά-γνωσις, εως, ἡ, distinguishing, τὴν δ. ποιεῖσθαι ὁποῖοι ἐκράτουν ἢ ἐκρατοῦντο Refs 5th c.BC+; means of distinguishing or discerning, Refs 5th c.BC+; of medical diagnosis, δ. ποιεῖσθαι Refs 5th c.BC+ __2 power of discernment, Refs 5th c.BC+ __II resolving, deciding, δ. ποιεῖσθαι Refs 5th c.BC+; δ. τῆς ἀξίας ποιεῖσθαι to determine the value, Refs 5th c.BC+; = Latin cognitio, NT+2nd c.AD+; ἐπὶ διαγνώσεων τοῦ Σεβαστοῦ, = Latin a cognitionibus Augusti, Refs 3rd c.AD+

διαμᾰχ-ομαι, future -μαχέσομαι (variant for{-μαχεσώμεθα} aorist subjunctive) Refs 5th c.BC+:—fight, contend, σιδήρῳ Refs 5th c.BC+; opposed to λανθάνειν, Refs; πρός τι variant in Refs 5th c.BC+; δ. μὴ μεταγνῶναι ὑμᾶς I resist to the uttermost your change of opinion, Refs 5th c.BC+ __2 exert oneself, strive earnestly, περὶ τούτου ὅπως.. Refs 5th c.BC+ __3 in argument, contend or maintain that.., with accusative et infinitive, Refs: with a negative, δ. τι μὴ εἶναι Refs 5th c.BC+; also δ. τι carry a point, Refs

δῐκαιο-κρῐσία, ἡ, righteous judgement, NT+4th c.AD+

ἐξερευν-άω (later ἐξερευν-έραυν- LXX, search out, examine, LXX+5th c.BC+:—middle, Refs 2nd c.BC+

Related to: αὐτό-φωρος, ον, (φώρ) self-detected, ἀμπλακήματαRefs 5th c.BC+ __II mostly in the phrase ἐπ᾽ αὐτοφώρῳ λαμβάνειν to catch in the act, Refs 5th c.BC+ __II.2 in a more general sense, notoriously, manifestly, ἐπιβουλεύοντας φανῆναι ἐπ᾽ αὐ.Refs 5th c.BC+

ἐπι-κρίνω [κρῑ], future -κρῐνῶ (see.below):— decide, determine, τι Refs; τὸ πλεῖον καὶ τοὔλαττον Refs 1st c.BC+; τοῦ ἐπικρινοῦντος δέοι ἄν 5th-6th c.BC: Plato Philosophus “Respublica” 524e: c.infinitive, ἐπέκρινε γενέσθαι τὸ αἴτημα αὐτῶν NT; ἐ. τί διαφέρει what is the difference, Refs; τὸ ἐπικρῖνον the deciding power, Refs; also, principle of selection, rule of life, Refs; adjudge, inflict, θάνατόν τινι LXXpassive, μέχρις ἂν ἐπικριθῇ αὐτῷ ὑπὸ τῶν ἱερέων ἢ ἀποδοῦναι αὐτὸν ἢ εἰσέρχεσθαι until the judges determine whether he shall pay up or enter (without payment), Refs 1st c.BC+ __2. c.accusative person, judge, τινά 1st c.AD: Philo Judaeus 2.380:—passive Refs __II. select, pick out, ἐξ ἑαυτῶν τὸν ἄριστον 1st c.BC: Diodorus Siculus Historicus 1.75; ἐ. τινὰ ἴσον ἀδελφοῖς distinguish, esteem, Refs 5th c.BC+ __II.2. in Egypt, select by ἐπίκρισις 11 Refs 2nd c.AD+:—passive, Refs 1st c.AD+ __II.3. consider, πάντα ταῦτα 1st c.BC: Philodemus Philosophus “περὶ οἰκονομίας” p.63J. __III. middle, choose for oneself, pick out, βοῦν “SIG” 1025.17 (Cos, 4th-3rd c.BC).

ἐρίζω, Doric dialect 3rd.pers. plural ἐρίζοντι Refs 5th c.BC+; Epic dialect infinitive ἐριζέμεναι, -έμεν, Refs 8th c.BC+: imperfect ἤριζον Refs 4th c.BC+, Doric dialect ἔρισδον Refs 3rd c.BC+, Epic dialect ἔριζον Refs 8th c.BC+, Ionic dialect ἐρίζεσκον Refs 8th c.BC+: future ἐρίσω NT+2nd c.AD+ codices, Doric dialect ἐρίξω Refs 5th c.BC+: aorist I ἤρῐσα Refs 8th c.BC+; Epic dialect optative ἐρίσσειε Refs 8th c.BC+; Doric dialect participle ἐρίξαντες Refs: perfect ἤρῐκα Refs 2nd c.BC+:—middle, Epic dialect imperfect ἐρίζετο Refs 8th c.BC+: aorist subjunctive ἐρίσσεται Refs 8th c.BC+ —passive, Epic dialect perfect ἐρήρισμαι (in active sense), see below: (ἔρις):—strive, wrangle, quarrel, διαστήτην ἐρίσαντε Refs 8th c.BC+; ἀντία τοῖς ἀγαθοῖςRefs 5th c.BC+; περί τινος about a thing, Refs 8th c.BC+: followed by a relative, ἐ. ὅστις ἀρείων Refs 5th c.BC+: with infinitive, contend that.., ἤριζον οἱ πολλοὶ οὐ λυσιτελήσειν τὴν πάροδον Refs 4th c.BC+: absolutely, of sophistical disputations, opposed to διαλέγεσθαι, ἀμφισβητεῖν, Refs 5th c.BC+; of political discord, with dative, Foed. cited in Refs 5th c.BC+ __2 rival, vie with, challenge, οὐκ ἂν ἔπειτ᾽ Ὀδυσῆΐ γ᾽ ἐρίσσειε βροτὸς ἄλλος Refs 8th c.BC+: with accusative of things, rival or contend with one in a thing, οὐδ᾽ εἰ..Ἀφροδίτῃ κάλλος ἐρίζοι Refs 8th c.BC+: with infinitive, ἐρίζετον ἀλλήλοιιν χερσὶ μαχέσσασθαι Refs 8th c.BC+; ἶσα δὲ πίνειν οὔτις οἱ ἀνθρώπων ἤρισεν Phalaec. cited in Refs 5th c.BC+; Νέστωρ οἶος ἔριζε N. alone rivalled (him), Refs 8th c.BC+ __II middle, like active, ᾧ [τόξῳ] οὔ τίς τοι ἐρίζεται Refs 8th c.BC+: also in perfect passive, τῷ οὔ τις ἐρήρισται κράτος Refs 8th c.BC+ __II.2 passive, ταχυτὰς ποδῶν ἐρίζεται there are contests in fleetness of foot, Refs 5th c.BC+

καταλῐθάζω, ={καταλιθόω}, NT

κλῠδων-ίζω, Refs:—elsewhere in passive, to be buffeted, swept by heavy seas, τὸν κυβερνήτην -ίζεσθαι καὶ ἀστοχεῖν θαλασσομαχοῦντα Vett.Refs 6th c.AD+: usually metaphorically, to be disturbed, thrown into confusion, οἱ ἄδικοι κλυδωνισθήσονται LXX+1st c.AD+; to be tossed about, παντὶ ἀνέμῳ τῆς διδασκαλίας NT

κρῐτ-ῐκός, ή, όν, able to discern, critical, Refs 4th c.BC+ K.; τὸ κ. the power of discerning, Refs 5th c.BC+; of persons, [Refs 4th c.BC+: especially in language, grammarian, scholar, literary critic, Refs 5th c.BC+, etc.; of Crates, Refs 1st c.AD+; πρὸς τοὺς κ., title of work by Chrysippus, Refs 2nd c.AD+.3 H. adverb -Refs 5th c.BC+ __2 of or for judging, ἀρχὴ κ. the office of judges, opposed to ἀρχὴ βουλευτική, Refs 4th c.BC+ __II ={κρίσιμος},{ἑβδομάς} Refs 1st c.AD+ 9.93, +others adverb -Refs, +others

μαστ-ίζω, Refs 4th c.AD+, Doric dialect μαστ-ίσδω Refs 3rd c.BC+: Epic dialect aorist μάστιξα Refs 8th c.BC+ —passive, aorist ἐμαστίχθην variant in Refs 5th c.BC+; participle μαστιχθείς Refs 1st c.AD+: (μάστιξ):—whip, flog, μάστιξεν δ᾽ ἵππους Il.[same place], etc.; τυ.. ὑπὸ.. ὤμους μαστίσδοιεν (see. above) Refs 3rd c.BC+infinitive, μάστιξεν δ᾽ ἐλάαν whipped them on or forward, Refs 8th c.BC+ __2 stimulate the bowels, Refs 4th c.BC+ — passive Refs 4th c.BC+—Epic dialect word, used twice in Comedy texts, LXX+5th c.BC+; and in late Prose, Refs 1st c.AD+; the Attic dialect form being μαστιγόω.

ὀχλ-έω, (ὄχλος) move, disturb, ψηφῖδες ἅπασαι ὀχλεῦνται all the pebbles are rolled or swept away by the water, Refs 8th c.BC+ __II generally, trouble, importune, with accusative, Refs 5th c.BC+; disturb citizens by false alarms, Aen. Tact.Refsto be troublesome or irksome, Refs 5th c.BC+; ὀ. πρὸς αὐγάς impede the sight, Refs 5th c.BC+, etc.:—passive, to be troubled, ὑπέρ τινος Refs 4th c.BC+; compare ἐνοχλέω: later with infinitive, μὴ ὀχλοῦ δὲ πέμπειν τι ἡμῖν don't trouble to.., Refs 2nd c.AD+ __III in passive, to be crowded, ὁδὸς.. ἥτις οὐ πολὺ ὀχλεῖται Refs 1st c.AD+

προαιτιάομαι, accuse beforehand, τινὰ εἶναι NT

πρό-κρῐμα, ατος, τό, prejudgement, NT __2 = praejudicium, Refs 2nd c.AD+

προσωπο-ληπτέω, (see. πρόσωπον 1.1) to be a respecter of persons, NT

προσωπο-λήπτης, ου, ὁ, respecter of persons, NT

στρεβλ-όω, future -ώσωRefs 1st c.AD+: aorist ἐστρέβλωσα Refs 4th c.BC+:—twist or strain tight, ὄνοισι ξυλίνοισι τὰ ὅπλα drawing the cables taut with windlasses Refs 5th c.BC+; screw up the strings of an instrument, τὰς χορδὰς ἐπὶ τῶν κολλόπων στρεβλοῦν Refs 5th c.BC+ __II twist or wrench a dislocated limb, with a view to setting it, σ. τὸν πόδα Refs 5th c.BC+; also of wrestlers, Refs 2nd c.AD+ (passive):—middle, ἐς τοὐπίσω τὰς χεῖρας σ. Refs 4th c.AD+:—passive, στρεβλωθῆναι acquire a squint, Refs 1st c.AD+ __II.2 stretch on the wheel or rack, to rack, torture, applied to slaves for the purpose of extracting evidence, Refs 5th c.BC+:—passive, ἐπὶ τροχοῦ στρεβλούμενος Refs 5th c.BC+future middle στρεβλώσομαι in passive sense, Refs 5th c.BC+ __II.3 metaphorically, pervert or distort words, NT:—passive, LXX

τίνω, Refs 8th c.BC+, etc.: Ionic dialect imperfect τίνεσκον Refs 3rd c.BC+future τείσω (ἐκ-) Refs 4th c.BC+ 3rd.pers. singular πείσει Refsaorist ἔτεισα (ἀπ-) Refs 5th c.BC+ in Hellenistic and later Inscrr. and Papyrus, and in codices of all authors (future, Refs 8th c.BC+; aorist, Refs 8th c.BC+future and aorist of τίω, and only to be distinguished by the sense: perfect τέτεικα (ἀπο-) Refs 3rd c.BC+; participle τετεικώς Refs 3rd c.BC+:—middle, present first in Refs 8th c.BC+: future τείσομαι Refs 8th c.BC+: aorist ἐτεισάμην Refs:—passive, aorist ἐξ-ετείσθην Refs 4th c.BC+: perfect 3rd.pers. singular ἐκ-τέτεισται Refs 5th c.BC+ in Epic dialect, also Refs 6th c.BC+; τῐνω in Trag., as Refs 6th c.BC+; also in some Epigrammatists, as Refs 3rd c.BC+ __I active, pay a price by way of return or recompense, mostly in bad sense, pay a penalty, with accusative of the penalty, τ. θωήν NT+8th c.BC+; also τ. ἴσην (i.e. δίκην) Refs 5th c.BC+; τὴν προσήκουσαν τιμωρίανRefs —but also __I.b in good sense, pay a debt, acquit oneself of an obligation, ζωάγρια τ. Refs 8th c.BC+; τ. χάριν τινί render one thanks, Refs 5th c.BC+ —also simply, __I.c repay, with accusative of things, τροφάς τινι Refs 5th c.BC+ —in various phrases, τ. ἀντιποίνους δύας repay equivalent sorrows, Refs 4th c.BC+; φόνον φόνου ῥύσιον τ. Refs 5th c.BC+; αἱμάτων παλαιτέρων τ. μύσος send one pollution in repayment for another, Refs 4th c.BC+ __I.1 with accusative of the thing paid or of the thing repaid (see. above). __I.2 less frequently with dative, κράατι τείσεις with thy head, Refs 8th c.BC+ __I.3 with dative of person to whom payment is made (see. above). __I.4 with dative of the penalty, τ. θανάτῳ ἅπερ ἦρξεν Refs __I.5 with genitive of the thing for which one pays, τ. ἀμοιβὴν βοῶν τινι pay him compensation for the cows, Refs 8th c.BC+; τ. τινὶ ποινήν τινος pay one retribution for.. , Refs 5th c.BC+; τ. μητρὸς δίκας for thy mother, Refs 5th c.BC+; ἀντὶ πληγῆς πληγὴν τ. Refs 4th c.BC+: also with accusative of the thing for which one pays, the price being omitted, pay or atone for a thing, τείσειαν Δαναοὶ ἐμὰ δάκρυα σοῖσι βέλεσσι Refs 8th c.BC+; τ. φόνον or λώβην τινός, Refs 8th c.BC+ thou shalt make atonement for the brother thou hast slain, Refs 8th c.BC+ __I.6 absolutely, make return or requital, Refs 6th c.BC+ __II middle, have a price paid one, make another pay for a thing, avenge oneself on him, punish him, frequently from Refs 8th c.BC+ __II.1 with accusative person, Refs 8th c.BC+ __II.2 with genitive criminis, τείσασθαι Ἀλέξανδρον κακότητος punish him for his wickedness, Refs 8th c.BC+ __II.3 with accusative of things, take vengeance for a thing, τείσασθαι φόνον, βίην τινός, Refs 8th c.BC+ __II.4 with double accusative person et of things, ἐτείσατο ἔργον ἀεικὲς ἀντίθεον Νηλῆα he made Neleus pay for the misdeed, visited it on his head, Refs 8th c.BC+; τείσασθαί τινα δίκην exact retribution from a person, Refs 5th c.BC+ __II.5 with dative modi, τίνεσθαί τινα ἀγαναῖς ἀμοιβαῖς, φυγῇ, repay or requite with.., Refs 5th c.BC+ __II.6 absolutely, repay oneself, indemnify oneself, ἡμεῖς δ᾽ αὖτε ἀγειρόμενοι κατὰ δῆμον τεισόμεθ᾽ Refs 8th c.BC+. (Root q[uglide][icaron]- [alternating with q[uglide]ei- and q[uglide]oi-] 'pay': τῐ-νϝ-ω, τῐ-σις, τεί-σω [Refs 5th c.AD+: Sanskrit cáy-ate 'avenge, punish': ápa-ci-tis 'vengeance':—not related to τίω.)

τυμπᾰν-ίζω, beat a drum, as was done in the worship of Cybele, Refs 5th c.BC+:—passive, τυμπανίζεσθαι κατὰ τὰς ἐξόδους march out to the sound of drums, Refs 1st c.BC+ __2 τ. ἐπὶ ταῖς θύραις drum with the hand on them, LXX __II perhaps ={ἀποτυμπανίζω} (which is variant), NT; coupled with ἀνασκολοπίζεσθαι in Refs 2nd c.AD+ __III of orators, 'beat the big drum', Refs 2nd c.AD+

ὑπέχω, future ὑφέξω Refs 5th c.BC+aorist ὑπέσχον, poetry also ὑπέσχεθον, Aeolic dialect infinitive ὐποσκέθην Refs 4th c.BC+:—hold under, __a put a mare under or to a horse, ὑποσχὼν θήλεας ἵππους Refs 8th c.BC+ __b of holding out the hand to receive something, ὑπέσχεθε χεῖρα Refs; προτείνειν καὶ ὑ. [τὴν χεῖρα], to receive bribes, Refs 4th c.BC+: proverbial of a greedy person, ὑ. τὴν χεῖρα ἀποθνήσκων Refs 4th c.AD+ __c ῥημάτων ὑ. οὖας lend an attentive ear, Refs 4th c.BC+ __d hold a cup under another vessel, while something is poured into it, Refs 5th c.BC+ stand under shower baths, Refs 2nd c.AD+ __e put under, like wax under a seal, τι ταῖς αἰσθήσεσι Refs 5th c.BC+ __f ὑ. μαστόν, of mother or nurse giving suck, Refs 5th c.BC+ __2 supply, afford, furnish, νεφέλην Refs 4th c.BC+; πλοῦτος ὑ. μέριμναν Refs 5th c.BC+; ὑ. τὸ αὐτὸ τοῖς ἐναντίοις (i.e. fear) Refs 5th c.BC+; ὑ. ἑαυτόν submit oneself to another, so as to be at his disposal or follow his advice, Refs 5th c.BC+infinitive, ὑπόσχες Σωκράτει ἐξελέγξαι allow Socrates to examine you, Refs __II uphold, support, τοὺς ὤμους Refs 5th c.BC+ __II.2 undergo, suffer, τήνδ᾽ ἄτην Refs 5th c.BC+; τιμωρίαν τινός for a thing, NT+5th c.BC+; also τούτων τὰς αἰτίας to be subject to accusation for.., Refs 5th c.BC+ __II.3 in law-phrases, ὑ. δίκας [τινός] to have to give an account of a thing, or suffer a penalty, Refs 5th c.BC+ in the same sense, Refs 5th c.BC+; τοιάνδε δίκην ὑφέξειν undergo such a trial, Refs 5th c.BC+; τοῖς χρήμασι τὰς σίκας ὑ. to have to pay the penalty with one's property, Refs 5th c.BC+; ὑ. δίκας, ἐὰν.. Refs 4th c.BC+ — ὑ. καὶ λαμβάνειν τὸ δίκαιον ἐπὶ τῶν χρηματιστῶν, i.e. to have the right of suing or being sued, Refs 2nd c.BC+; λαμβάνω ἐγὼ καὶ ὑπέχω τὸ δίκαιον ὑπὲρ τοῦ Πολυκλείτου Refs 3rd c.BC+ __II.3.b ἐμοὶ λόγον ὑποσχέτω let him render account to me, Refs 5th c.BC+ __II.4 sustain, maintain, λόγον an argument, Refs 4th c.BC+middle, see at {ὑπισχνέομαι}.)

φῐλόνῑκ-ος, ον, fond of victory, contentious. __1 in bad sense, οὔτε δύσηρις ἐὼν οὔτ᾽ ὦν φ. ἄγαν Refs 5th c.BC+; φ. ἐστι πρὸς ὃ ἂν ὁρμήσῃ Refs 5th c.BC+; coupled with φιλότιμος, Refs; ἐπίπονον καὶ φ. καὶ φιλότιμον.. καταστήσας τὸν βίον Refs 5th c.BC+ __2 in good sense, of spirited horses, Refs 5th c.BC+: of persons, φ. πρὸς τὸ μὴ ἐλλείπεσθαι Refs 1st c.AD+; τὸ φ., ={φιλονικία, ἔσῳζον τὸ φ. ἐν ταῖς ψυχαῖς} Refs 5th c.BC+ adverb -κως in eager rivalry, παραθεῖν Refs 5th c.BC+; opposed to ἀνθρωπίνως, Refs 4th c.BC+ occur, without any distinction of meaning, e.g. in Refs 5th c.BC+; φιλόνῑκος is implied by Refs 4th c.BC+; the compound of φιλο- and νεῖκος would be Φιλονεική; the sense __A contentious arises naturally from fond of victory; in Refs 8th c.BC+; -νῑκ- is also found in late documents, as Refs 6th c.AD+

† [דַּיָּן] n.m. judge;—pl. דַּיָּנִין Ezr 7:25.

† [עָשַׂק] vb. Hithp. contend (perhaps orig. cling to (in strife), cf. Arabic عَشِقَ cling with love (LagBN 143); Syriac ܥܣܰܩ, Ethpa. be difficult (i.e. indignant, hostile); NH עָסַק, 𝔗 עֲסַק, busy oneself, NH עֵסֶק business, occupation);—Pf. 3 pl. הִתְעַשְּׂקוּ עִמּוֹ Gn 26:20 they contended with him.

† פְּלִילָה n.f. office of judge or umpire;—עשׂי פ׳ (Qr עֲשׂוּ) Is 16:3 do an umpire’s office.

† פְּלִילִי adj. for a judge, calling for judgment;—עָוֹן פ׳ Jb 31:28 (on v 11 see פָּלִיל; Kue Ond. (2) 161 reads עֲוֹן פְּלִילִים in both v 11 and v 28).

† פְּלִילִיָּה n.f. the giving a decision;—פ׳ Is 28:7 (of priests).

† פֶּ֫שַׂע n.[m.] step; כְּפ׳ בֵּינִי וּבֵין הַמָּ֑וֶת 1 S 20:3.

† I. שִׂטְנָה n.f. accusation;—Ezr 4:6.

† I. שִׁלֵּם n.[m.] recompense (abstr. BaNB 73);—Dt 32:35 (read with 𝔖 𝔊 לְיוֹם שׁ׳; ‖ נָקָם); so read also (for יְשַׁלֵּם) Is 59:18(×2) Du (otherwise CheHpt Di-Kit Marti).

† [שַׁלְמֹן] n.[m.] reward, bribe;—pl. שַׁלְמֹנִים Is 1:23 (‖ שֹׁחַד).

‡ † [שְׁפַט] vb. judge (BH שָׁפַט);— Pe. Pt. as n.pl. abs. שָֽׁפְטִין Ezr 7:25 judges.