Search / H3198
H3198 H3198
V-Nifal-Prtcpl-ms  |  59× in 7 senses
Rebuke, reprove; argue or plead a case; decide, judge, arbitrate; discipline; appoint, designate
A Hifil-dominant verb spanning the spectrum from courtroom argument to parental correction. At its heart yakach involves the authoritative confrontation of wrong — whether a prophet rebuking sin (Lev 19:17), God disciplining those he loves (Prov 3:12), or a judge arbitrating between disputing parties (Isa 2:4). The forensic-rhetorical dimension emerges powerfully in Job, where the sufferer demands to 'argue his case' before God (Job 13:3, 15). A rare but striking semantic extension reaches into the domain of divine appointment, as when God 'designates' Rebekah as Isaac's bride (Gen 24:14, 44).

Senses
1. rebuke, reprove The most frequent sense: to rebuke or reprove someone for wrongdoing, whether human or divine correction. Arabic wabbakha ('rebuke'), Korean kkujitda ('scold'), and Swahili -kemea ('rebuke') all converge on this confrontational speech-act. Lev 19:17 commands direct reproof of a neighbor rather than harboring hidden resentment; 2 Kgs 19:4 records Hezekiah's plea that God rebuke Assyria's taunts. 35×
COMMUNICATION Communication Reproof and Rebuke
AR["أوَبِّخُك","تَوْبيخَهُ","تَوْبِيخًا","تُوبِّخُكِ","تُوَبِّخْ","تُوَبِّخْني","تُوَبِّخْنِي","مَنْ-يُوَبِّخُ","مُوَبِّخٌ","وَ-عَاتَبَ","وَ-لِلْمُوَبِّخِ","وَ-وَبَّخَ","وَ-وَبِّخْ","وَ-يُوَبِّخَ","وَبِّخْ","يُوَبِّخَكَ","يُوَبِّخْ"]·ben["আমাকে-তিরস্কার-করো","আর-তিরস্কার-করলেন","এবং-তিনি-তিরস্কার-করলেন","এবং-তিরস্কার-কর","ও-অভিযোগ-করলেন","ও-তিরস্কারকারীকে","ও-শাসন-করলেন","ও-সে-তিরস্কার-করবেন","তর্ক-করে","তিনি-তিরস্কার-করবেন","তিরস্কার-কর","তিরস্কার-কর-আমাকে","তিরস্কার-করব-তোমাকে","তিরস্কার-করব-তোমাকে-আমি","তিরস্কার-করুক","তোমাকে-তিরস্কার-করবে","যে-তাকে-তিরস্কার-করে","যে-তিরস্কার-করে"]·DE["[ויוכח]","ich-wird-schelten-du","schelten-mich","und-er-rebuked","und-er-wies-zurecht","und-gewiesen-hat-er-zurecht","und-zurechtgewiesen-hatte","und-zurechtweisen","und-zurechtwies","wird-ich-schelten-du","zurechtweisen","zurechtwies"]·EN["I-will-rebuke-you","a-wise","and-He-rebuked","and-for-the-one-reproving","and-he-rebuked","and-reprove","and-reproved","he-reprove","one-who-reproves","rebuke","rebuke-me","reprove","surely-rebuking","to-be-reproved","which","will-I-rebuke-you","will-reprove-you"]·FR["[ויוכח]","et-il-rebuked","et-reprendre","et-reproved","reprendre"]·heb["אוכיח-ך","הוכח","ו-הוכח","ו-הוכיח","ו-יוכח","ו-ל-מוכיח","יוכיח","מוכיח","תוכח","תוכיח-אותי","תוכיחוך","תוכיחני"]·HI["और-उसने-डांटा","और-के-लिए-डांटने-वाले","और-डाँटा","और-डाँटेगा","और-डांटना","डाँट","डाँट-मुझे","डाँटना","डाँटने-वाला","डाँटे","डाँटे-जाना-को","डांटनेवाला","डांटूंगा-तुझे","डांटेगी-तुझे","मुझे-डाँट","वह-डाँटे"]·ID["Ia-menegurmu","Pasti","Siapa-menegur","akan-menegur","dan-Dia-menegur","dan-Ia-memutuskan","dan-Ia-menegur","dan-akan-menghukum","dan-bagi-yang-menghakimi","dan-menegur","dan-tegurlah","menegur","menghukum-aku","penegur","tegurlah","yang-menegurnya"]·IT["[ויוכח]","[יוכח]","correggere","corresse","e-correggere","e-corresse","e-egli-rebuked","e-reproved","e-riprendere","riprendere"]·jav["Lan-nelakaken","dipun-pituturi","kados","kang","lan-dipunpénthahaké","lan-dukaning","lan-ngukum","lan-piyambakipun-negur","lan-tumrap-ingkang-nggugat","mbuktekaken","ndukanana-kula","ndukani","ndukani-kula","ngélingaken-panjenengan","nuturi","nuturiya","panjenengan","tiyang-kang-ndukani"]·KO["그-와-꾸짖으셨다","그가-꿄짓다","그리고-꾸짖으셨다","그리고-꾸짖으셨도다","그리고-꾸짖으실-것이다","그리고-에-책망하는-자를","그리고-책망하면","그리고-항의했다","꾸짖으리이다-너-를","꾸짖으소서-나-를","나-를-꾸짖지","너를-견책하리라","책망받기를","책망하는-것으로","책망하는-자는","책망하라","책망하지"]·PT["E-repreendeu","Repreendedor-de","Repreender","e-julgou","e-para-o-que-repreende","e-repreenda","e-repreender","e-repreendeu","me-repreendas","repreenda","repreendas","repreende","repreendedor","repreender","repreender-te-ão","te-repreenderei"]·RU["И-упрекал","а-обличи","буду-обличать-тебя","и-для-обличающего","и-обличал","и-обличит","и-рассудил","обличай","обличай-меня","обличат-тебя","обличающего","обличающий","обличил","обличить","обличу-тебя","упрекает"]·ES["El-que-reprende","Reprendiendo","Y-reprendió","el-que-lo-reprende","el-que-reprende","me-reprendas","reprendas","reprende","reprenderá","te-reprenda","te-reprenderán","te-reprenderé","y-al-que-reprende","y-reprenda","y-reprende","y-reprendió"]·SW["akakukemea","akemee","anayekemea","kukemea","kukemewa","lakini-mkemee","mkemeaji","mkemee","na-akakashfu","na-akakemea","na-akawakemea","na-akemsha","na-aliwakemea","na-kwa-mkemezaji","nitakukemea","unikemee","usimkemee","utakukemea","zako"]·TR["Ve-azarladı","azarla-beni","azarlama","azarlama-beni","azarlasın","azarlayacak","azarlayacağım-seni","fakat-uyar","kesinlikle","seni-azarlayacak","uyar","uyaran","uyarıcı","uyarılmayı","ve-azarladı","ve-azarlayacak","ve-uyardı","ve-yargicya"]·urd["اور-اُس-نے-ڈانٹا","اور-سزا-دے","اور-شکایت-کی","اور-ملامت-کر","اور-ڈانٹا","اور-ڈانٹنے-والے-کے-لیے","سرزنش-کرے-گی-تجھے","ضرور","مجھے-ملامت-کر","ملامت-کرنے-والا","ملامت-کرے","میں-تجھے-ملامت-کروں-گا","ڈانٹ","ڈانٹنے-والے-کو","ڈانٹے"]
2. argue, contend, plead a case To argue, contend, or plead a case — the forensic-rhetorical register prominent in Job and prophetic discourse. Job 13:3 and 13:15 use yakach for the bold act of presenting one's legal argument before God himself. Arabic yuhajju ('to dispute') and French reprendre capture the disputational force that sets this apart from simple rebuke.
COMMUNICATION Communication Reproof and Rebuke
AR["أُبَرِّرُ","الْمُوَبِّخُ","وَ-أُحَاجَّ","وَ-تُثْبِتُونَ","وَ-لِنَتَحَاجَج","وَ-يُحَاجُّ","يُحَاجُّ","يُوَبِّخُ"]·ben["আমি-তর্ক-করব","এবং-তর্ক-করতে","এবং-প্রমাণ-কর","এবং-সে-মীমাংসা-করুক","ও-তর্ক-করি","তর্ক-করবে","তর্ক-করা","তিরস্কারকারী","প্রমাণ-করে"]·DE["und-zurechtweisen","und-zurechtwies","zurechtwies"]·EN["I-argue","and-let-Him-argue","and-let-us-reason-together","and-prove","and-to-argue","arguing","does-prove","one-who-argues-with","would-reason"]·FR["et-reprendre","reprendre"]·heb["אוכיח","הוכח","ו-הוכח","ו-יוכח","ו-ניוכחה","ו-תוכיחו","יוכיח","מוכיח","נוכח"]·HI["और-आपस-में-विचार-करें","और-तर्क-करना","और-वह-तर्क-करे","और-सिद्ध-करोगे","डाँटता-है","डाँटनेवाला","तर्क-करता","तर्क-करना","मैं-सिद्ध-करूँगा"]·ID["aku-akan-membela","berargumen","berperkara","dan-berdebat","dan-kiranya-Dia-berperkara","dan-mari-kita-berperkara","dan-membuktikan","yang menegur","yang-membuktikan"]·IT["correggere","e-correggere","e-riprendere"]·jav["Tiyang-ingkang-nggugat","kawula-badhé-mbuktekaken","kita-rembugan","lan-mbuktekaken","lan-nedahaken","mbantah","mbuktekaken"]·KO["그리고-변호하시리라","그리고-증명하겠느냐","그리고-항변하기를","꾼짓는","꾾짓는-자여","내가-항변하리라","맞서시리라","우리가-변론하자","책망하느냐"]·PT["Argumentando","E-que-argumente","O-que-repreende","defenderei","e-argumentar","e-arrazoemos","e-provareis","prova","raciocinaria"]·RU["буду-отстаивать","доказывает","и-да-рассудит","и-доказываете","и-рассудим","и-состязаться","обвиняющий","рассудит","спорить"]·ES["Y-que-defienda","defenderé","el-que-reprende","razonaría","reprende","y-argumentar","y-argüís","y-razonemos-juntos","¿Argumentar"]·SW["anayemkosoa","angeshindana","kinachothibitisha","kukemea","na-atetee","na-kujadiliana","na-mnathibitisha","na-tuhojiane","nitaitetea"]·TR["azarlamak","ispat-eder","savunurum","suçlayan","tartışır","ve-kanıtlarsanız","ve-savunsun","ve-tartışalım","ve-tartışmak"]·urd["اور-بحث-کرنا","اور-بحث-کریں","اور-بحث-کرے","اور-ثابت کرتے ہو","بحث کرتا","ثابت-کرتا-ہے","ثابت-کروں-گا","جو-ملامت-کرتا-ہے","ڈانٹنا"]
3. decide, judge, arbitrate To decide, judge, or arbitrate between parties — the juridical sense seen in Isa 2:4 and 11:3, where the Messiah will 'judge' among nations. Arabic yahkumu ('judge'), Korean pandanhada ('judge, decide'), and German richten ('to judge') confirm the adjudicative force. Gen 31:37 uses it for arbitration between Laban and Jacob.
COMMUNICATION Communication Reproof and Rebuke
AR["مُوَبِّخٌ","وَ-يَحْكُموا","وَ-يُوَبِّخُ","وَيُحَاكِمْ","وَيُوَبِّخُ","يُوَبِّخُ"]·ben["আর-বিচার-করুক","এবং-তিনি-সমাধান-করবেন","এবং-বিচার-করুক","ও-তিরস্কার-করবেন","ও-সে-তিরস্কার-করবে","মধ্যস্থ","সে-তিরস্কার-করবে"]·DE["[ויוכח]","und-er-wies-zurecht","und-sie-sollen-richten","und-zurechtwies","zurechtweisen","zurechtwies"]·EN["and-decide","and-he-will-decide","and-let-them-decide","and-rebuke","and-shall-decide","arbiter","he-will-decide"]·FR["[ויוכח]","et-que-eux-decide","et-reprendre","reprendre"]·heb["ו-הוכיח","ו-יוכח","ו-יוכיחו","יוכיח","מוכיח"]·HI["और-डांटेगा","और-निर्णय-करे","और-निर्णय-करेगा","और-न्याय-करें-वे","और-फैसला-करेगा","मध्यस्थ","वह-निर्णय-करेगा"]·ID["dan-Dia-akan-memutuskan","dan-biarlah-mereka-memutuskan","dan-memutuskan","dan-memutuskan-perkara","dia-memutuskan","penengah"]·IT["[והוכיח]","[ויוכח]","correggere","e-let-loro-decide","e-riprendere","riprendere"]·jav["Panjenenganipun-badhé-mutusi","juru-wasita","lan-Panjenenganipun-badhé-mutusi","lan-mutusi","lan-ngukum","lan-piyambakipun-saged-mutus"]·KO["그-와-판단하시기를","그리고-책망하실-것-이다","그리고-판단하리라","꺼짐으리라","꺼짐으시리라","꺼징으시리라","중재자-가"]·PT["decidirá","e-decidirá","e-julguem","e-repreenda","árbitro"]·RU["будет-обличать","и-обличать","и-обличит","и-пусть-рассудят","и-рассудит","посредника"]·ES["decidirá","y-arbitrará","y-decidirá","y-juzguen","y-reprenda","árbitro"]·SW["ataamua","mpatanishi","na-akemee","na-ataamua","na-atasuluhisha","na-waamue"]·TR["hakem","karar-verecek","ve-azarlayacak","ve-hükmettirsinler","ve-karar-verecek","ve-yargasın"]·urd["اور-بازپرس-کرے","اور-تنبیہ-کرے-گا","اور-فیصلہ-دے-گا","اور-فیصلہ-کریں","اور-فیصلہ-کرے-گا","درمیانی","فیصلہ-دے-گا"]
4. discipline, correct To discipline or correct with pedagogical intent, distinguished from bare rebuke by its formative purpose. Prov 3:12 links divine yakach to fatherly love; 2 Sam 7:14 applies it to God's covenantal discipline of David's heir. Arabic yu'addibu ('to educate/discipline') and Swahili -adhibu ('discipline') highlight the corrective-pedagogical nuance.
COMMUNICATION Communication Reproof and Rebuke
AR["أُوَبِّخُهُ","لِلتَّأديبِ","وَ-يُؤَدَّبُ","يُؤَدِّبُهُ"]·ben["আর-শাসন-করা-হয়","এবং-আমি-শাস্তি-দেব-তাকে","তিরস্কার-করেন","শাসন-করতে"]·DE["und-ich-wird-discipline-ihn","und-zurechtwies","zurechtwies"]·EN["He-reproves","and-I-will-discipline-him","and-he-is-reproved","for-reproof"]·FR["et-je-fera-discipline-lui","et-reprendre","reprendre"]·heb["ו-הוכח","ו-הוכחתי-ו","יוכיח","ל-הוכיח"]·HI["और-ताड़ा-जाता-है","डाँटता-है","डाँटने-के-लिए","तो-ताड़ना-दूंगा"]·ID["Dan-ia dihajar","dan-Aku-menghukumnya","menegur","untuk-menegur"]·IT["[להוכיח]","correggere","e-correggere","e-io-vorrà-disciplina-lui"]·jav["Lan-kaadili","dipun-pituturi","kangge-mbangun","lan-Aku-badhé-ngukum"]·KO["그리고-그가-황계당한다","그리고-징계하겠다-그를","에-징계하려고","책망한다"]·PT["E-é-corrigido","corrige","e-repreendê-lo-ei","para-repreender"]·RU["для-обличения","и-накажу-его","и-наказывается","обличает,"]·ES["Y-es-corregido","para-corregir","reprende","y-lo-corregiré"]·SW["humkaripia","kurekebisha","na-anakemewa","nitamwadhibu"]·TR["Ve-azarlanır","azarlar","terbiye-etmek-için","ve-azarlayacağım-onu"]·urd["اور-سزا دی جاتی ہے","تنبیہ-کرتا-ہے","تنبیہ-کے-لیے","میں-سرزنش-کروں-گا-اُسے"]
5. appoint, designate A rare semantic extension: to appoint or designate, appearing only in Gen 24:14 and 24:44 where Abraham's servant asks God to 'designate' the right bride for Isaac. Arabic 'ayyana ('appoint') and Korean jeonghada ('determine') support this specialized shift from 'proving right' to 'singling out by proof.'
AUTHORITY_RULE Control, Rule Appointing and Visiting
AR["عَيَّنَ","عَيَّنْتَ"]·ben["তুমি-নির্ণয়-করেছ","নির্ণয়-করেছেন"]·DE["bestimmt-hat","hast-du-bestimmt"]·EN["has-appointed","you-have-appointed"]·FR["a-désigna","tu-avoir-désigna"]·heb["הכחת","הכיח"]·HI["तूने-निर्धारित-किया-है","निर्धारित-किया-है"]·ID["Engkau-tetapkan","tetapkan"]·IT["ha-designò","tu-avere-designò"]·jav["Panjenengan-sampun-nemtokaken","dipuntemtokaken"]·KO["정하셨다","정하신"]·PT["designaste","designou"]·RU["назначил"]·ES["designaste","designó"]·SW["amemchagua","umemchagua"]·TR["belirledi","belirledin"]·urd["تُو-نے-ٹھہرایا","ٹھہرایا"]
6. sense 6 In Gen 20:16 Abimelech's payment to Abraham serves to vindicate Sarah publicly — her honor is established before all. The sense of forensic vindication or public exoneration is confirmed by English 'vindicated' and Spanish vindicada, bridging rebuke-language into the courtroom outcome of acquittal.
JUSTICE_PUNISHMENT Courts and Legal Procedures Judging and Deciding
AR["وَ-تَبَرَّأْتِ"]·ben["ও-নির্দোষ"]·DE["und-du-bist-gerechtfertigt"]·EN["and-vindicated"]·FR["et-vindicated"]·heb["ו-נכחת"]·HI["और-सहि-थरय-गय"]·ID["dan-engkau-dibenarkan"]·IT["e-vindicated"]·jav["lan-panjenengan-dipunleres"]·KO["그리고-의로워졌다"]·PT["e-vindicada"]·RU["и-оправдана"]·ES["y-fuiste-vindicada"]·SW["na-sahihi"]·TR["ve-doğrulandın"]·urd["اور-بے-عیب-ٹھہری"]
7. sense 7 In Mic 6:2 God summons the mountains as witnesses and 'contends' with Israel in a covenant lawsuit (rib-pattern). English 'contend' and Spanish contenderá place this at the intersection of legal argument and prophetic indictment, closely related to sense 2 but heightened by the covenant-lawsuit genre.
COMMUNICATION Communication Reproof and Rebuke
AR["يَتَخَاصَمُ"]·ben["তিনি-তর্ক-করবেন"]·DE["zurechtwies"]·EN["He-will-contend"]·FR["reprendre"]·heb["יתווכח"]·HI["वह-बहस-करेगा"]·ID["Dia-berperkara"]·IT["[יתוכח]"]·jav["Panjenengan-badhé-bebantahan"]·KO["논쟁하실-것-이다"]·PT["disputará"]·RU["судиться-будет"]·ES["contenderá"]·SW["anahukumiana"]·TR["tartışacak"]·urd["بحث-کرے-گا"]

BDB / Lexicon Reference
† [יָכַח] vb.Hiph. decide, adjudge, prove, (NH Pi. וִכַּח argue with (עם), cf. Hithp., Hiph. prove, correct; Aramaic Pa וַכַּח, Aph. אוֹכַח, id.)— Hiph. Pf. הוֹכִיחַ Is 2:4 + 5 times; הֹכִיחַ Gn 24:44; הוֹכִחַ Gn 21:25; 2 ms. חֹכַחְתָּ Gn 24:14; 1 s. sf. הוֹכַחְתִּיו 2 S 7:14; Impf. יוֹכִיחַ Is 11:3 + 5 times; יוֹכַח Ho 4:4 + 4 times; יוֹכָ֑ח 1 Ch 12:17; sf. יוֹכִיחֵנִי ψ 141:5 + 12 times Impf.;