Judging and Deciding

I. כָּלָה206 vb. be complete, at an end, finished, accomplished, spent (NH id., Pi.; Ph. כלה; Assyrian kalû, put an end to, and cease, vanish Dl HWB 329; late Aramaic כְּלָא cease, perish (not 𝔗); on root-meaning enclose cf. כלא and Ba ZMG 1887, 605)— †Qal Pf. כ׳ 1 K 6:38 +; 3 fs. כָּֽלְתָה 1 S 20:7 +; 1 s. כָּלִיתִי ψ 39:11; 3 pl. כָּלוּ Jb 19:27 +; 2 mpl. כְּלִיתֶם Mal 3:6; וּכְלִיתֶם consec. Ez 13:14; 1 pl. כָּלִינוּ ψ 90:7, etc.; Impf. יִכְלֶה Pr 22:8; juss. יִ֫כֶל Jb 33:21 (v. Dr§ 171–173 Ges§ 109. 2 b Anm. Da Synt. § 51 R. 5; 64 R. 6); 3 fs. תִּכְלָה 1 K 17:14; וַתֵּ֫כֶל Ex 39:32 + 2 S 13:39 (v. infr.); 3 mpl. יִכְלוּ Is 1:28 +, יִכְלָי֑וּן Is 31:3, etc.; Inf. cstr. כְּלוֹת Ru 2:23 +, etc.;— 1. a. be complete, at an end, of a period of time Gn 41:53 (E; opp. iii. חלל Hiph. begin v 54), Je 8:20 (‖ עבר); so of action or event, with emphasis on time Is 10:25; 24:13; Ru 2:23; 2 Ch 29:28 (opp. הֵחֵל v 27), v 34 Dn 12:7 (‖ קֵץ v 6, 9);—vid. also 2 b infr. b. be completed, finished, of a work: temple 1 K 6:38 1 Ch 28:20; 2 Ch 8:16 (‖ שָׁלֵם), tabernacle Ex 39:32 (P). c. be accomplished, fulfilled, only of purposed wrath, or prediction of י׳, Ez 5:13 (‖ כַּלּוֹתִי v b see Pi.), Dn 11:36 2 Ch 36:22 = Ezr 1:1. d. be ideally complete, be determined, always in bad sense, plotted, subj. הָרָעָה: sq. מֵעִם of agent 1 S 20:7, also v 9 (+ לָבוֹא עַל), + v 33 (read כָּֽלְתָה, for MT כָּלָה הִיא, 𝔊 We Dr Kit Bu); כ׳ הָרָעָה אֶל־אֲדֹנֵינוּ וְעַל־כָּל־בֵּיתוֹ 25:17; sq. מֵאֵת of agent Est 7:7 (+ אֵלָיו). 2. a. be spent, used up (proposes come to an end), of water Gn 21:15 (E) meal 1 K 17:14, 16. b. waste away, be exhausted, fail, lit. of fading grass Is 15:6 (‖ יָבֵשׁ, לֹא היה), of vintage 32:10 (opp. בּוֹא), of vanishing cloud Jb 7:9 (in sim., ‖ הלך); fig. of fleeting days of life v 6 (‖ קלל), cf. ψ 102:4 and כָּלוּ בְיָגוֹן חַיַּי ψ 31:11, Je 20:18; v. also 1 a supr.; of flesh Jb 33:21, cf. of vital strength ψ 71:9, בָּשָׂר וּשְׁאֵר Pr 5:11, כ׳ שְׁאֵרִי וּלְבָבִי ψ 73:26, subj. רוּחִי 143:7; once of י׳’s compassion לֹא־כָלוּ רִחֲמָיו La 3:22 (‖ תמם, on text. see VB); especially of eyes exhausted by weeping La 2:11, strained by looking (fig.) for relief or refreshment, fail, languish 4:17 ψ 69:4; Jb 11:20; 17:5; Je 14:6 (of wild asses); sq. אֶל La 4:17; sq. לְ in spiritual sense ψ 119:82, 123; similarly (sq. לִ) of נפשׁ exhausted by longing ψ 84:3 (‖ נכסף), 119:81, כָּלוּ כִלְיֹתַי בְּחֵקִי Jb 19:27; so also 2 S 13:39 where read וַתֵּכֶל רוּחַ הַמֶּלֶךְ (for MT וַתְּכַל דָּוִד הַמּ׳) and the spirit of the king pined to go forth unto Absalom, cf. 𝔊L We Klo Dr Kit Bu. c. come to an end, vanish = perish, be destroyed, by י׳’s judgment Is 1:28 (‖ שֶׁבֶר), 16:4 (‖ אָפֵם, תָּמַם), 29:20 (‖ אָפֵם, נִכְרַת), 31:3 (‖ כשׁל, נפל), וּבַחֶרֶב וּבָרָעָב יִכְלוּ Je 16:4, cf. 44:27 (‖ תָּמַם), Ez 5:12 (‖ מוּת, נָפַל), 13:14 Mal 3:6 ψ 37:20(×2) (‖ אבד), Jb 4:9 (‖ id.), ψ 71:13 (‖ בּוֹשׁ); hyperbol., of severe discipline 39:11; 90:7 (‖ נבהל); of prosperity of a people Is 21:16; שֵׁבֶט עֶבְרָתוֹ יִכְלֶה Pr 22:8 the rod of his wrath perishes (> Ew al. is accomplished, of God’s wrath).—Dn 12:7 read perhaps וְכִכְלוֹת יַד נֹפֵץ עַם קֹדֶשׁ and when the power of the shatterer of the holy people should come to an end, so Bev after 𝔊 (for difficult MT וּכְכַלּוֹת נַפֵּץ יַד־עַם־קֹדֶשׁ)†. Pi.140 Pf. כִּלָּה Gn 18:33 +, כִּלָּא Pr 16:30 Baer (van d. H. כִּלָּה), sf. כִּלָּנוּ 2 S 21:5, כִּלָּם La 2:22; 3 fs. וְכִלְּתָה consec. Ho 11:6, sf. וְכִ֫לַּתּוּ consec. Zc 5:4; 1 s. כִּלִּיתִי Nu 25:11, כִּלֵּיתִי Is 49:4, וְכִלֵּיתִ֫י Ez 6:12 + 2 times; sf. כִּלִּיתִים Ez 22:31, וְכִלִּיתִיךָ consec. Ex 33:5; 3 pl. כִּלּוּ Gn 24:19 +, etc.; Impf. יְכַלֶּה Is 10:18; וַיְכַל Gn 2:2; 3 fs. וַתְּכַל Gn 24:19 + 2 S 13:39 (but read וַתֵּכֶל We Dr al., and v. Qal 2 b); 1 s. אֲכַלֶּה Gn 24:25 + 4 times; וָאֲכַל Ez 43:8; sf. אֲכֶלְךָ Ex 33:3 (Kö i 545); 3 mpl. יְכַלּוּ Jb 36:11 + 21:13 Qr (Kt יבלו; v. בלה p. 115 supr.), + etc.; Imv. כַּלֵּה ψ 59:14(×2) + 74:11 (but text dub., v. infr., 2); mpl. כַּלּוּ Ex 5:13; Inf. abs. כַּלֵּה 1 S 3:12 + 5 times; cstr. לְכַלֵּא Dn 9:24 (metapl. form), כַּלּוֹת 1 S 2:33 +, etc.; Pt. מְכַלֶּה Je 14:12; Jb 9:22; fpl. מְכַלּוֹת Lv 26:16;— 1. †a. complete, bring to an end, finish a thing, task, work, etc., c. acc. rei Ex 5:13, 14 (+ inf.; both J), 1 K 6:9, 14; 7:1; Ez 42:15, Gn 2:6; 6:16; Ex 40:33 (P), Ru 2:21; 2 Ch 31:1; 2 Ch 7:11; Ezr 9:1, so לְכַלֵּא הַפֶּשַׁע Dn 9:24 to make an end of the transgression (cf. VB Bev); Lv 23:22 (modified from 19:9 q.v. infr.); acc. om. 2 Ch 31:7 (opp. הֵחֵל לְ), 24:10, 14; Ne 3:34. †b. complete a period of time יָמִים Ez 4:6, 8; complete one’s days, enjoy the full measure of human life Jb 21:13; 36:11, or bring one’s years to an end ψ 90:9, with added idea of transitoriness. c. finish doing a thing, usually sq. ל inf. Gn 18:33; 24:15, 19(×2), 22 (all J), 17:22; Ex 31:18; Nu 4:15 (all P), Am 7:2 1 K 1:41; 2 Ch 29:29; Ru 3:3 + 31 times incl. 2 S 11:19, where obj. of infin. precedes it, v. Dr, so Lv 19:9 (cf. 23:22 supr.); + 1 Ch 27:24 (לְ inf. om.; opp. הֵחֵל לְ), 2 Ch 29:17; + Dn 12:7 (inf. without לְ; but see Qal 2 c ad fin.); sq. מִן inf., 1 S 10:13 2 S 6:18 = 1 Ch 16:2, Ex 34:33; Lv 16:20; Jos 19:51 (all P), Ez 43:23. †d. make an end, end, sq. בְּ make an end with, finish dealing with 2 Ch 20:23; Ezr 10:17; abs., opp. הֵחֵל, בַּגָּדוֹל הֵחֵל וּבַקָּטֹן כִּלָּה Gn 44:12 (J) he began with the eldest and with the youngest he ended; so inf. abs. adverb. הָחֵל וְכַלֵּה 1 S 3:12 a beginning and an ending, i.e. doing it thoroughly (v. Dr); also עַד־כַּלֵּה = utterly 2 K 13:17, 19, to extremity Ezr 9:14 (of י׳’s anger), עַד־לְכַלֵּה (late) = completely 2 Ch 24:10 (until all had given), 31:1 (until all were destroyed). †e. accomplish, fulfil, bring to pass, a thing Ru 3:18; c. acc. of י׳’s wrath (חֲמָתוֹ) La 4:11; so (חֲמָתִי, אַפִּי) + ב pers. Ez 5:13; 6:12; 7:8; 13:15; 20:8, 21. †f. accomplish in thought, determine (cf. Qal 1 d) sq. רָעָה Pr 16:30 (‖ חשׁב). †2. a. put an end to, cause to cease Nu 17:25 (+ מֵעָלַי); וַיְכַל־בַּהֶבֶל יְמֵיהֶם ψ 78:33 and he consumed (caused to vanish) in vanity their days. b. cause to fail, exhaust, use up, spend, חִצַּי אֲכַלֶּה־בָּם Dt 32:23 my arrows will I exhaust against them; exhaust one’s strength כֹּחַ Is 49:4 (‖ יָגַע); the eyes (by weeping; cf. Qal 2 b) 1 S 2:33; Jb 31:16; of a disease, consume the eyes Lv 26:16 (H). c. destroy, sometimes exterminate: (1) men subj., c. acc. pers. 2 S 21:5; 22:39 (‖ מחץ), Dt 7:22 2 Ch 8:8; Je 10:25 (‖ אכל), La 2:22 ψ 119:87; especially in phr. עַד כַּלּוֹתָם 1 S 15:18 (on text. v. Dr), 2 S 22:38 (‖ השׁמיד) = ψ 18:38, 1 K 22:11 = 2 Ch 18:10; (2) God subj., c. acc. pers. Jos 24:20 (E), Is 10:18 (Assyrian host, under fig. of forest); Je 5:3; Ex 32:10; 33:3, 5 (JE), Nu 16:21; 17:10; 25:11 (all P), Lv 26:44 (H), Ez 20:13; 22:31; 43:8 Jb 9:22; עַד כַּלֹּתוֹ אֹתְךָ Dt 28:21, עַד כַּלּוֹתִי אוֹתָם Je 9:15; 49:37; abs. ψ 59:14(×2); so also (si vera l.) 74:11 (see VB; Bi Che בְּקֶרֶב חֵקְךָ תִּכְלָא and thy right hand (why) keepest thou in thy bosom); acc. + ב instr. Je 14:12 (by sword, famine, and pestilence); sometimes the instrument of י׳’s judgment becomes grammat. subj.; subj. הַחֶרֶב Ho 11:6 (obj. בַּדָּיו, of city; ‖ אכל), subj. עֵגֶל Is 27:10 (obj. סְעִפֶֿיהָ; ‖ רָעָה), subj. flying roll Zc 5:4 (obj. house). †Pu. Pf. 3 pl. כָּלּוּ ψ 72:20 be finished, ended; Impf. 3 mpl. וַיְכֻלּוּ Gn 2:1 be completed (P).

שָׁפַט185 vb. judge, govern (NH in deriv.; Ph. שפט = שֹׁפֵט, also in n.pr.; Pun. sufet Lzb381; Biblical Aramaic שָֽׁפְטִין; Assyrian šapâtu (t = ת), syn. dânu (דִּין), judge DlWB 684, šipṭu (ט), prob. judgment [and šapiṭu, captain?] JenZA iv (1889), 278 f.; on poss. connexion with Arabic سفط v. NöZMG xi (1886), 724; on usage of vb. see FergusonJBL viii (1888), 130 ff.);— Qal Pf. 3 ms. שׁ׳ Ju 16:31 +, etc.; Impf. 3 ms. יִשְׁפֹּט Gn 16:5, יִשְׁפּוֹט Is 11:3; 3 mpl. יִשְׁפְּטוּ Gn 31:53 +, יִשְׁפּ֫וּטוּ Ex 18:26 (Ki יִשְׁפּוּט֫וּ; cf. Ges§ 47 g), etc.; Inf. abs. שָׁפוֹט Gn 19:9; cstr. שְׁפֹט Ru 1:1, לִשְׁפֹּט Ex 8:13 +, etc.; Imv. שְׁפָט־ Pr 31:9, שָׁפְטָה ψ 82:8; La 3:59, שִׁפְטוּ Is 1:17 +, שְׁפֹ֑טוּ Zc 7:9, etc.; Pt. שֹׁפֵט 1 S 3:13 +, etc.;— 1. act as law-giver, judge, governor (giving law, deciding controversies and executing law, civil, religious, political, social; both early and late): a. of God only, שֹׁפֵט כל הארץ Gn 18:25 (J), ‖ מֶלֶךְ, מְחֹקֵק Is 33:22. b. of man, Gn 19:9(×2) (J), Moses deciding cases Ex 18:13 (E), making known statutes v 16 (E); so his assistants v 22(×2), 26(×2) (E), ‖ Dt 1:16; of שׁפטי ישׂראל Nu 25:5 (executioners); י׳ set שֹׁפְטִים over Isr. Ju 2:16, 18; 2 S 7:11 = 1 Ch 17:10, to deliver Isr., שׁפט ישׂראל Ju 3:10; 4:4; 10:2, 3 + 9 times Ju, 1 S 4:18; 7:15, 16, 17; 2 K 23:22, cf. 1 S 7:6; Pt. שֹׁפֵט as subst. also Ju 2:17, 18, 19; 1 S 8:1, 2; 2 K 23:22; שֹׁפְטֵי יִשׂ׳ 1 Ch 17:6 (‖ 2 S 7:7 שִׁבְטֵי), בִּימֵי שְׁפֹט הַשֹּׁפְטִים Ru 1:1(×2) (cf. מוֹשִׁיעִים Ob 21); שׁפט, ‖ מֶלֶךְ 1 S 8:5, 6, 20; Ho 7:7; 13:10; שֹׁפֶט ישׂראל Mi 4:14 (= king); king judges people 1 K 3:9(×2) = 2 Ch 1:10; 1 K 15:5 = 2 Ch 26:21; 2 Ch 1:11; abs. 1 K 7:7; Is 16:5; ‖ שׂרים Ex 2:14 (E) Am 2:3; Zp 3:3; ‖ יוֹעֵץ Is 1:26; Jb 12:17, cf. Is 3:2; שֹׁפְטֵי אָרֶץ Is 40:23 (‖ רוֹזְנִים), Pr 8:16 (‖ שׂרים), ψ 2:10; 148:11 (‖ מלכים); שׁפטינו אשׁר שׁפטונו Dn 9:12(×2). 2. specif. decide controversy, discriminate betw. persons, in civil, political, domestic and religious questions: a. of God ψ 82:1: שׁ׳ בֵּין … וּבֵין Gn 16:5 (J; domestic), Ju 11:27(×2); 1 S 24:13, 16 (all of war), Ez 34:20 (relig.); c. בֵּין … לְ Ez 34:17, 22 (relig.); c. בֵּינֵינוּ Gn 31:53 (E; domestic), Is 2:4 = Mi 4:3 (of war); c. בְּ 2 Ch 20:12 (war); c. acc. 1 K 8:32 = 2 Ch 6:23; Ec 3:17, condemning wicked and justifying righteous Jb 21:22 (‖ ידע), 23:7; abs. Ex 5:21 (J) Jb 22:13; שׁ׳ צֶדֶק Je 11:20 ψ 9:5; י׳ is שׁוֹפֵט צַדִּיק 7:12. b. of man, שׁ׳ בֵּין … וּבֵין Ex 18:16 (E) Nu 35:24 (P) Dt 1:16 (all civil), Is 5:3 (relig.); c. acc. Lv 19:15 (H) Dt 25:1 (all civil), Ez 20:4(×2); 22:2(×2); 23:36; שׁ׳ מִשְׁפָּט Dt 16:18; 1 K 3:28 (Sol.); במשׁפטים Ez 44:24, c. ל 2 Ch 19:6; abs. Ez 44:24; Is 11:3 (king); influenced by bribes Mi 3:11; 7:3; Jb 9:24; Absalom desires to decide cases as שֹׁפֵט 2 S 15:4 (implying lack of such in his time); according to 2 Ch 19:5, 6 Jehoshaphat set up שׁפטים, appar. for the first as judges in this specific sense; code of Dt recognizes them: הַשֹּׁפֵט declares דְּבַר הַמִּשְׁפָּט Dt 17:9, 12; 25:2; שׁפטים + שֹׁטְרִים 16:18; 1 Ch 23:4; 26:29; Jos 8:33 (+ זְקֵנִים), 23:2; 24:1 (D; both + זקנים, רָאשִׁים), + זקנים only Dt 21:2; Ezr 10:14, + כֹּהֲנִים; Dt 19:17, 18, שׂרים 2 Ch 1:2. 3. execute judgment: a. discriminating, of man only, משׁפט אמת Zc 7:9, מֵישָׁרִים שׁ׳ ψ 58:2 judge uprightly; משׁפט שׁלום Zc 8:16, צֶדֶק Pr 31:9, עָוֶל ψ 82:2. b. vindicating, c. acc.: (1) subj. God, יתום ψ 10:18, acc. pers. 26:1; 43:1; 58:12 (read שֹׁפְטָם for שׁפטים), שׁ׳ משׁפט La 3:59; מִיַּד vindicate by delivering from hand of 1 S 24:16; 2 S 18:19, 31; שָׁפְטֵנִי י׳ כְּצִדְקִי ψ 7:9; שָׁפְטֵנִי כְּצִדְקְךָ 35:24. (2) subj. man, c. acc. יתום Is 1:17, 23; דל(ים) 11:4; Pr 29:14 ψ 82:3; עניי עם 72:4; משׁפט אביונים Je 5:28. c. condemning and punishing, (1) God כְּדַרְכֵי פ׳ acc. to ways of Ez 7:3, 8; 18:30; 24:14; 33:20; 36:19; במשׁפטים 7:27; 23:24; משׁפטי נאפות 16:38 (= 23:45 of human judges); c. acc. 1 S 3:13 ψ 51:6 Is 51:5; Ez 11:10, 11; 21:35; 35:11. (2) of man, only שֹׁפְטֵי נַפְשׁוֹ ψ 109:31 and Ez 23:45 supr., prob. also ψ 141:6 (corrupt). d. at theophanic advent for final judgment: God is שֹׁפֵט ψ 50:6; 75:8; שׁפט הארץ 94:2, c. acc. בא לשׁפט הארץ 96:13 = 1 Ch 16:33, ψ 98:9; שׁ׳ הארץ 82:8; כל הגוים Jo 4:12; עמים ψ 67:5; תבל 9:9; 96:13 = 98:9; שׁ׳ מישׁרים 75:3. Niph. Pf. 1 s. נִשְׁפַּטְתִּי Ez 20:36 + 4 times; Impf. 1 s. אִשָּׁפֵט Ez 20:36; אִשָּֽׁפְטָה 1 S 12:7, etc.; Inf. cstr. הִשָּׁפֵט 2 Ch 22:8; sf. הִשָּֽׁפְטוֹ ψ 37:33; 109:7; Pt. נִשְׁפָּט Is 59:4 + 4 times;— 1. recipr., (Ges§ 51 d), enter into controversy, plead: c. אֵת with, of God Je 2:35; Ez 17:20 (+ acc. rei) 20:35, 36(×2); 38:22; of man 1 S 12:7 (+ וְאַגִּידָה לָכֶם 𝔊 We), Pr 29:9; c. עִם, of God Jo 4:2, of man 2 Ch 22:8; c. ל, of God Je 25:31; נשׁ׳ יחד Is 43:26 have controversy together; באשׁ by fire (of God) 66:16; באמונה 59:4. 2. pass. be judged, ψ 9:20; 37:33; 109:7. Pôʿel Pt. sf. מְשֹׁפְטִי (dub.; Hi Bu מִשְׁפָּטִי), = my opponent-at-law (Ges§ 55 b) Jb 9:15; + Zp 3:15 ψ 109:31 We al.

κρίνω [ῑ], Epic dialect 3rd.person etc for 1st.person, 2nd.person singular indicative κρίνησι (δια-) falsa lectio in Refs 3rd c.BC+: future κρῐνῶ, Epic dialect, Ionic dialect κρῐνέω (δια-) Refs 8th c.BC+: aorist Refs 8th c.BC+, etc.: perfect Refs 6th c.BC+, etc.:—middle, future Refs 5th c.BC+, but in passive sense, Refs 5th c.BC+: aorist Refs 8th c.BC+, etc.:—passive, future Refs 5th c.BC+, etc.: aorist ἐκρίθην [ῐ] Refs 5th c.BC+; Epic dialect optative κρινθεῖτε (δια-) Refs 8th c.BC+, participle Refs 8th c.BC+, infinitive Refs 3rd c.BC+: perfect Refs 5th c.BC+, etc.; infinitive κεκρίσθαι (ἀπο-) Refs 5th c.BC+ — _Aeolic dialect_ κρίννω uncertain in Refs: aorist ἔκριννε Refs 6.28(Mytil., ἐπ-); infinitive κρίνναι Refs:—Thess. present infinitive κρεννέμεν Refs:—separate, put asunder, distinguish, Refs 8th c.BC+, etc.:—also middle, Refs 5th c.BC+:—passive, Refs 5th c.BC+. __II pick out, choose, Refs 8th c.BC+, etc.:—middle, κρίνασθαι ἀρίστους to choose the best, Refs 8th c.BC+ —passive, to be chosen out, distinguished, Refs; especiallyin partt., κεκριμένος picked out, chosen, Refs 8th c.BC+ distinguished for.., Refs 5th c.BC+ approved.. , Refs proved by sea and land, Refs 1st c.AD+ numbered among.., conjecture in Refs 5th c.BC+. __II.2 decide disputes, Refs 8th c.BC+: c.accusative cognate, οἳ.. σκολιὰς κρίνωσι θέμιστας judge crooked judgements, Refs 8th c.BC+, etc.; πρώτας δίκας κρίνοντες αἵματος Refs 6th c.BC+; κρίνουσι βοῇ καὶ οὐ ψήφῳ they decide the question.., Refs 6th c.BC+; τῷ τοῦτο κρίνει; by what do you form this judgement? Refs 5th c.BC+ — passive, Refs 5th c.BC+; κἂν ἰσόψηφος κριθῇ (i.e. ἡ δίκη) Refs a decision being about to be taken, Refs 2nd c.AD+ __II.2.b decide a contest, e.g. for a prize, Refs 6th c.BC+: with accusative person, κ. τὰς θεάς decide their contest, i.e. judge them, Refs 5th c.BC+ —passive, Refs 6th c.BC+:—middle and passive, of persons, have a contest decided, come to issue, Refs 8th c.BC+; dispute, contend, Refs 5th c.BC+; κρίνεσθαι μετά τινος variant in LXX+1st c.BC+; compete in games, with accusative cognate, Refs: perfect participle, decided, clear, strong, Refs 8th c.BC+; πόνοι κεκρ. decided, ended, Refs 5th c.BC+ __II.2.c win a battle, Refs 2nd c.BC+. __II.3 adjudge, Refs 5th c.BC+:—passive, Refs 5th c.BC+ __II.3.b absolutely, judge, give judgement, Refs 6th c.BC+ __II.3.c in Medicine texts, bring to a crisis, Refs 5th c.BC+, +others:—passive, of a sick person, come to a crisis, Refs 5th c.BC+ (also impersonal in active, ἔκρινε τούτοισιν ἑνδεκαταίοισιν the crisis came.., Refs 1st c.BC+. __II.4 judge of, estimate, πρὸς ἐμαυτὸν κρίνων [αὐτόν] judging of him by myself, Refs 6th c.BC+:—passive, Refs 5th c.BC+. __II.5 expound, interpret in a particular way, Refs 5th c.BC+ —in middle, Refs 8th c.BC+. __II.6 with accusative et infinitive, decide or judge that.., Refs 5th c.BC+; so, with the infinitive omitted, Refs 6th c.BC+:—passive, Refs 5th c.BC+ __II.7 decide in favour of, prefer, choose, Refs 6th c.BC+ (passive); Refs 5th c.BC+; choose between, Refs 3rd c.BC+. __II.8 c.infinitive only, determine to do a thing, NT+2nd c.BC+ with whom he chooses to live, Refs 4th c.BC+. __II.9 form a judgement of a thing, Refs 3rd c.BC+. __III in Trag., question, Refs 5th c.BC+; εἴ νιν πρὸς βίαν κρίνειν θέλοις Refs. __III.2 bring to trial, accuse, Refs 4th c.BC+ judge (in matters) of life and death, Refs 6th c.BC+; κ. τινὰ κακώσεως ἐπαρχίας, Latin repetundarum, Refs 1st c.AD+ —passive, to be brought to trial, Refs 5th c.BC+; κρίνομαι πρὸς Σωφρόνη; Refs 4th c.BC+: with genitive criminis, Refs 5th c.BC+: absolutely, Refs 4th c.BC+. __III.3 pass sentence upon, condemn, Refs 4th c.BC+ — passive, to be judged, condemned, NT; τὰ κεκριμένα the judgement of a court, Refs 2nd c.AD+-yω ἐ-κρῐ-ν-σα, cf. Latin cerno (from *cr[icaron]-n-), crībrum (from *crei-dhrom).)

† [יָכַח] vb.Hiph. decide, adjudge, prove, (NH Pi. וִכַּח argue with (עם), cf. Hithp., Hiph. prove, correct; Aramaic Pa וַכַּח, Aph. אוֹכַח, id.)— Hiph. Pf. הוֹכִיחַ Is 2:4 + 5 times; הֹכִיחַ Gn 24:44; הוֹכִחַ Gn 21:25; 2 ms. חֹכַחְתָּ Gn 24:14; 1 s. sf. הוֹכַחְתִּיו 2 S 7:14; Impf. יוֹכִיחַ Is 11:3 + 5 times; יוֹכַח Ho 4:4 + 4 times; יוֹכָ֑ח 1 Ch 12:17; sf. יוֹכִיחֵנִי ψ 141:5 + 12 times Impf.; Imv. הוֹכַח Pr 9:8; Inf. abs. הוֹכֵחַ Lv 19:17 + 5 times; cstr. הוֹכִיחַ Hb 1:12; הַלְהוֹכַח Jb 6:26; Pt. מוֹכִיחַ Ez 3:26 + 8 times; pl. מוֹכִיחִים Pr 24:25;— 1. decide, judge, abs. Gn 31:42 (E), 1 Ch 12:17 Is 11:3 ψ 94:10; c. לְ, decide for Is 2:4 = Mi 4:3, Is 11:4; c. בּין, Gn 31:37 (E), Jb 9:33; לְגֶבֶר עִם אֱלוֹהַּ Jb 16:21. 2. adjudge, appoint, c. לְ, Gn 24:14, 44 (J). 3. shew to be right, prove, c. acc. rei and על pers. against Jb 19:5; c. אל pers. unto Jb 13:15; so argue before v 3, and (abs.) 15:3. 4. convince, convict, c. acc. pers. ψ 50:21 בּ pers. Pr 30:6; c. לְ pers. Jb 32:12. 5. reprove, chide: a. of God, c. acc. pers. Jb 22:4 ψ 50:8; 105:14 = 1 Ch 16:21; c. בּ obj. 2 K 19:4 = Is 37:4. b. of man, abs. Ho 4:4 Ez 3:26 Jb 6:25(×2) Pr 24:25; 25:12; מוֹכִיחַ בַּשַּׁ��ַר Am 5:10 Is 29:21; c. acc. pers. Gn 21:25 (E), Lv 19:17(×2) (H), Pr 9:8; 28:23 Je 2:19; מוֹכִיחַ אֱלוהַּ Jb 40:2; acc. rei Jb 6:26; c. לְ, Pr 9:7, 8; 15:12; 19:25. 6. correct, rebuke, of God, abs. Hb 1:12; c. acc. pers. ψ 141:5 Jb 13:10(×2); בְּשֵׁבֶט 2 S 7:14; happy the man whom God corrects Jb 5:17; for God loves him Pr 3:12; God is entreated not to correct in anger ψ 6:2; 38:2. Hoph. Pf. וְהוּכַח בְּמַכְאוֹב he is chastened also with pain Jb 33:19. Niph. Impf. לְכוּ־נָא וְנִוָּֽכְחָה Is 1:18 come now and let us reason together; Pt. שָׁם יָשָׁר נוֹכָח עִמּוֹ Jb 23:7 there an upright man might reason with him; f. (pass.) וְנֹכָ֑חַת Gn 20:16 (E), but Di SS read וְנֹכַחַתְּ 2 fs. Pf. and thou art set right, righted, justified. Hithp. Impf. עִם־יִשְׂרָאֵל יִתְוַכָּח Mi 6:2 with Israel he will argue (‖ רִיב לי׳ עִם).

ἔξεστι, imperative ἐξέστω, subjunctive ἐξῇ, infinitive ἐξεῖναι, participle ἐξόν: imperfect ἐξῆν: future ἐξέσται, optative ἐξέσοιτο Refs 5th c.BC+participle ἐξεσόμενον (see. below): impersonal (see. ἔξειμι B):—it is allowed, is possible, with infinitive, Refs 5th c.BC+: with dative person et infinitive,Refs 5th c.BC+'licet esse beatis', Refs 4th c.BC+: with accusative instead of second dative, ἔ. ὑμῖν φίλους γενέσθαι Refs 5th c.BC+: with accusative person et infinitive, Refs 5th c.BC+participle absolutely, ἐξεόν τοι.. ἕτερα ποιέειν since it was possible for thee to.., Refs 5th c.BC+

† יָעַד vb. appoint (NH id., appoint, assign, especially of acquiring or designating as wife; Aramaic id.; Arabic وَعَدَ promise, threaten, predict, iii. appoint a time or place; perhaps Assyrian ādu, decide, M-A17 DlHWB 230; Ph. n.pr. אשמניעד)— Qal Pf. sf. יְעָדוֹ 2 S 20:5; יְעָרָהּ Ex 21:8 + 2 times; Impf. 3 m. sf. יִיעָדֶנָּה Ex 21:9;—appoint, a time 2 S 20:5; place Je 47:7; a rod Mi 6:9; assign or designate as concubine Ex 21:8, 9 (JE). Niph. Pf. נוֹעַדְתִּי Ex 25:22; נֹעַדְתִּי Ex 29:43; pl. נוֹעֲדוּ ψ 48:5; Nu 10:3, 4; נוֹעָ֑דוּ Am 3:3; Impf. אִוָּעֵד Ex 29:42 + 3 times; 3 pl. וַיִּוָּעֲדוּ Jos 11:5; Jb 2:11; 1 pl. נִוָּעֵד Ne 6:10; וְנ��וָּעֲדָה v 2; Pt. pl. נוֹעָדִים Nu 14:35 + 3 times; נֹעָדִים 16:11;— 1. reflexive, meet at an appointed place, with לְ, of Yahweh meeting Moses at the Tent of ‘Meeting’ Ex 29:42, 43; 30:36 (P); at the throne of the Kapporeth 25:22; 30:6; Nu 17:19 (P). 2. meet by appointment Am 3:3 Jb 2:11; with בְּ of place Ne 6:2; אֶל of place v 10. 3. gather, assemble by appointment, kings for a campaign (abs.) Jos 11:5 (D), ψ 48:5; with אֶל, unto Moses Nu 10:4 (P); to the door of the tent of meeting v 3 (P); with עַל, unto Solomon 1 K 8:5 = 2 Ch 5:6; against Yahweh Nu 14:35; 16:11; 27:3 (P). Poʿēl; Pf. 1 s. יוֹעַדְתִּי (for MT יוֹדַעְתִּי) 1 S 21:3 sq. acc. pers. + אֶל of place, according to 𝔊 We Dr Kit Bu. Hiph. Impf. מִי יוֹעִדֶנִּי Je 50:44 = מִי יֹעִידֶנִּי 49:19 = מִי יוֹעִידֵנִי Jb 9:19 who will make me meet him at the appointed place (of judgment)? i.e. who will summon or arraign me? Hoph. Pt. מוּעָדִים לִפְנֵי Je 24:1 be set, placed before; אָנָה פָנַיִךְ מֻעָדוֹת Ez 21:21 whither thy face is set.

† דִּין vb. judge (cf. Arabic دَانَ intrans. to be obedient, submissive, trans. requite, compensate, rule, govern, دِينٌ obedience, abasement, recompense, دَيَّانٌ requiter, governor, مَدِينَةٌ city; Assyrian dânu, Impf. idı̂n, judge, Aramaic דָּן (יְדִין, יְדוּן) Syriac ܕܳܢ (ܢܕܽܘܢ) judge, exercise judgment, punish, דִּיָּינָא, ܕܰܝܳܢܳܐ judge, דִּינָא, ܕܝܻܢ judgment, ܡܕܝܺܢܻܬܳܐ city;—on √ ע״י v. NöZMG 1883, 533), syn. שָׁפַט— Qal Pf. דָּן Je 22:16, etc.; Impf. יָדִין Gn 49:16 + 9 times, יָדוֹן Gn 6:3 cf. infr., etc.; Imv. דִּין Pr 31:9 Jb 35:14; דִּינוּ Je 21:12; Inf. לָדִין ψ 50:4 + 2 times; Pt. דָּן Gn 15:14 Je 30:13;— 1. act as judge, minister judgment, of God ידין עמוֹ Dt 32:36 (poet. = ψ 135:14) ψ 50:4; דין עמים ψ 7:9; 96:10 Is 3:13; יָדִין לְאֻמִּים בְּמֵישָׁרִים ψ 9:9; Messianic king ψ 72:2. 2. plead the cause, a. of men, usually c. acc. cogn., אֵין־דָּן דִּינֵךְ there is none to plead thy cause Je 30:13; ד׳ דִּין יָתוֹם plead cause of orphan Je 5:28; ד׳ דין עני ואביון Je 22:16; also acc. cogn. om., Pr 31:9. b. of God, דָּנַנִּי אֱלֹהִים God has pled my cause Gn 30:6 (E). 3. execute judgment, vindicate, in battle against enemies, דָּן יָדִין עַמּוֹ Dan will judge (vindicate as a warrior) his people (v. Di) Gn 49:16 (poet.); the Messianic king בגוים ψ 110:6; God, בִּגְבוּרָֽתְךָ תְדִינֵנִי in thy might judge me (vindicate me) ψ 54:3. 4. execute judgment, requite, of man, דִּינוּ לַבֹּקֶר מִשְׁפָּט execute judgment every morning Je 21:12; of God, upon Egypt Gn 15:14 (E); עמים by means of powers of nature Jb 36:31; אפסי ארץ 1 S 2:10 (poet.) 5. govern, אַתָּה תָּדִין אֶת־בֵּיתִי thou shalt govern my house Zc 3:7. 6. לֹא־יוּכַל לָדִין עִם he cannot contend with one mightier than he Ec 6:10. Niph. Pt. וַיְהִי כָל־הָעָם נָדוֹן בְּכָל־שִׁבְטֵי יִשְׂרָאֵל and all the people were at strife througout all the tribes of Israel 2 S 19:10 (reciprocal, cf. Dr.) Note. —לֹא־יָדוֹן רוּחִי בָֽאָדָם לְעֹלָם Gn 6:3 cp. perhaps دان continue, do something continually, in mod. Egyptian Arabic (SoSK lxvii (1894), 211 f.).is difficult. (1) 𝔊 𝔙 𝔖 Onk read ידור or (Kue) ילון abide in, dwell,—My spirit will not abide in man for ever; this best suits the context, but ידור, as Aramaism, is dub. (2) Kn De Schr RVm render rule in, supported by Zc 3:7 only. (3) Thes Ew Di render be humbled in, sustained by Arabic, not Heb., usage. (4) strive with of AV RV (cf. 6 supr.) is not justified. יָדוֹן

κρῐτ-ής, οῦ, ὁ, vocative Refs 6th c.BC+: (κρίνω):—judge, umpire, Refs 5th c.BC+; κ. τῶν ἀληθῶν, opposed to δοξαστής, Refs 5th c.BC+; at Athens, usually of the judges in the poetic contests, LXX+5th c.BC+ Latin judex datus, Refs 2nd c.AD+ judex selectus, Refs 2nd c.AD+ __2 κ. ἐνυπνίων interpreter of dreams, Refs 4th c.BC+ __II κριτάς· ὀδόντας, Refs 5th c.AD+

† גָּזַר vb. cut, divide (Arabic جَزَرَ, NH גָּזַר cut, determine, circumcise; Ethiopic ገዘረ Aramaic גְּזַר, ܓܙܰܪ )— Qal Pf. גָּזַר Hb 3:17; Impf. וַיִּגְזֹר Is 9:19; 2 ms. תִּגְזַר Jb 22:28; וַיִּגְזְרוּ 2 K 6:4; Pt. act. גֹּזֵר ψ 136:13;— 1. divide, cut in two, sq. acc. 1 K 3:25 (ג׳ לִשְׁנָ֑יִם) cf. v 26 (obj. not expressed). 2. divide the Red Sea (acc.) ψ 136:13 sq. לִגְזָרִים. 3. cut down הָעֵצִים 2 K 6:4. 4. cut off (piece of meat to eat, but obj. not expr. ‖ אכל) Is 9:19. 5. cut off, i.e. destroy, exterminate Hb 3:17 (c. acc.; indef. subj.), sq. מִן loc. 6. decree (Aramaism, cf. Biblical Aramaic) Jb 22:28 c. acc. Niph. Pf. נִגְזַר 2 Ch 26:21; Est 2:1, נִגְזָ֑רְתִּי La 3:54, נִגֳז֑רוּ ψ 88:6, נִגְזַרְנוּ Ez 37:11; Is 53:8;— 1. be cut off, separated, excluded from (מִן) temple 2 Ch 26:21, from (מִן) Yahweh’s hand ψ 88:6 (of the slain), from (מִן) the land of the living Is 53:8 (of the suffering servant of י׳). 2. be cut off = destroyed La 3:54; Ez 37:11. 3. be decreed, Est 2:1 sq. עַל against (cf. Qal 6).

προσωπο-ληψία, ἡ, respect of persons, NT

† [פָּלִיל] n.m. judge; pl. פְּלִילִים Dt 32:31 our enemies being judges, umpires; עָוֹן פ׳ Jb 31:11, read עֲוֹן פ׳ according to Di Siegf, cf. De; עָוֹן פְּלִילִי as v 28, so Bu Du; בִּפְלִלִים Ex 21:22, read perhaps בַּנְּפָלִים for the abortion Bu ZAW xi (1891), 107, cf. also Di-Ry.

δῐκαστ-ής, οῦ, ὁ, a judge, Refs 5th c.BC+ __2 of stars, δ. τῶν ὅλων Refs 1st c.BC+ __3 at Athens and elsewhere, juror, Refs 5th c.BC+; opposed to νομοθέτης, Refs 5th c.BC+ __II δ. αἵματος avenger, Refs 5th c.BC+

† דַּיָּן n.m. judge 1 S 24:16; cstr. דַּיַּן ψ 68:6.

‡ † [דְּתָבָר] n.m. judge (loan-word from Pers. dâtabara, law-bearer, judge (cf.דִּינָיֵא), AndrM 59* MeyEntst. J.23 Dr Dn; in Bab. as dâtabar(r)i Hilpr Bab. Exp. ix. 28);—pl. emph. דְּתָֽבְרַיָּא Dn 3:2, 3.

† II. חָרוּץ n.[m.] strict decision, only עֵמֶק הֶחָרוּץ Jo 4:14(×2) valley of strict decision (v. Bal. c.).

Related to: αὐτό-φωρος, ον, (φώρ) self-detected, ἀμπλακήματαRefs 5th c.BC+ __II mostly in the phrase ἐπ᾽ αὐτοφώρῳ λαμβάνειν to catch in the act, Refs 5th c.BC+ __II.2 in a more general sense, notoriously, manifestly, ἐπιβουλεύοντας φανῆναι ἐπ᾽ αὐ.Refs 5th c.BC+

ἐπι-κρίνω [κρῑ], future -κρῐνῶ (see.below):— decide, determine, τι Refs; τὸ πλεῖον καὶ τοὔλαττον Refs 1st c.BC+; τοῦ ἐπικρινοῦντος δέοι ἄν 5th-6th c.BC: Plato Philosophus “Respublica” 524e: c.infinitive, ἐπέκρινε γενέσθαι τὸ αἴτημα αὐτῶν NT; ἐ. τί διαφέρει what is the difference, Refs; τὸ ἐπικρῖνον the deciding power, Refs; also, principle of selection, rule of life, Refs; adjudge, inflict, θάνατόν τινι LXXpassive, μέχρις ἂν ἐπικριθῇ αὐτῷ ὑπὸ τῶν ἱερέων ἢ ἀποδοῦναι αὐτὸν ἢ εἰσέρχεσθαι until the judges determine whether he shall pay up or enter (without payment), Refs 1st c.BC+ __2. c.accusative person, judge, τινά 1st c.AD: Philo Judaeus 2.380:—passive Refs __II. select, pick out, ἐξ ἑαυτῶν τὸν ἄριστον 1st c.BC: Diodorus Siculus Historicus 1.75; ἐ. τινὰ ἴσον ἀδελφοῖς distinguish, esteem, Refs 5th c.BC+ __II.2. in Egypt, select by ἐπίκρισις 11 Refs 2nd c.AD+:—passive, Refs 1st c.AD+ __II.3. consider, πάντα ταῦτα 1st c.BC: Philodemus Philosophus “περὶ οἰκονομίας” p.63J. __III. middle, choose for oneself, pick out, βοῦν “SIG” 1025.17 (Cos, 4th-3rd c.BC).

κρῐτ-ῐκός, ή, όν, able to discern, critical, Refs 4th c.BC+ K.; τὸ κ. the power of discerning, Refs 5th c.BC+; of persons, [Refs 4th c.BC+: especially in language, grammarian, scholar, literary critic, Refs 5th c.BC+, etc.; of Crates, Refs 1st c.AD+; πρὸς τοὺς κ., title of work by Chrysippus, Refs 2nd c.AD+.3 H. adverb -Refs 5th c.BC+ __2 of or for judging, ἀρχὴ κ. the office of judges, opposed to ἀρχὴ βουλευτική, Refs 4th c.BC+ __II ={κρίσιμος},{ἑβδομάς} Refs 1st c.AD+ 9.93, +others adverb -Refs, +others

πρό-κρῐμα, ατος, τό, prejudgement, NT __2 = praejudicium, Refs 2nd c.AD+

προσωπο-ληπτέω, (see. πρόσωπον 1.1) to be a respecter of persons, NT

προσωπο-λήπτης, ου, ὁ, respecter of persons, NT

† [דַּיָּן] n.m. judge;—pl. דַּיָּנִין Ezr 7:25.

† פְּלִילִי adj. for a judge, calling for judgment;—עָוֹן פ׳ Jb 31:28 (on v 11 see פָּלִיל; Kue Ond. (2) 161 reads עֲוֹן פְּלִילִים in both v 11 and v 28).

‡ † [שְׁפַט] vb. judge (BH שָׁפַט);— Pe. Pt. as n.pl. abs. שָֽׁפְטִין Ezr 7:25 judges.