Senses
1. accuse, bring charges against — To bring a formal legal accusation or charge against someone, used across all voices and tenses in NT judicial contexts. All six NT occurrences appear in Luke-Acts and Romans, consistently in legal/forensic settings. Active: 'who will bring a charge against God's elect?' (Rom 8:33, egkalesei future active); the Ephesian town clerk directs complainants to the courts: 'let them accuse one another' (Acts 19:38, egkaleitosan present active imperative); the Jews 'were accusing' Paul before the tribune (Acts 23:28, enekaloun imperfect active). Passive: Paul twice declares 'I am accused' before Agrippa (Acts 26:2, 26:7, egkaloumai present middle/passive); 'being accused' as a participle describing Paul (Acts 23:29, egkaloumenon); 'to be accused of rioting' (Acts 19:40, egkaleisthai present passive infinitive). The semantic core is uniform: formal legal prosecution. All multilingual glosses confirm a single meaning: Arabic uttahamu 'accuse,' Hebrew mu'sham/he'eshimu, Hindi dosh-lagaya, Korean goso-danghaneun/goso-hal, Spanish acusar/ser-acusado. 7×
AR["أَنْ-نُتَّهَمَ","أُتَّهَمُ","اتَّهَمُوهُ","فَلْيُقَاضُوا","مُتَّهَمًا","يَتَّهِمُ"]·ben["অভিযুক্ত","অভিযুক্ত-হইতেছি","অভিযুক্ত-হওয়ার","অভিযোগ-করবে","অভিযোগ-করিতেছিল","তারা-অভিযোগ-করুক"]·DE["anklagen","ἐγκαλείτωσαν","ἐγκαλεῖσθαι","ἐγκαλούμενον","ἐγκαλοῦμαι","ἐνεκάλουν"]·EN["I-am-accused","being-accused","let-them-accuse","they-were-accusing","to-be-accused","will-bring-charge"]·FR["accuser"]·heb["הֶאֱשִׁימוּהוּ","יִתְבְּעוּ","יַאֲשִׁים","לְהֵאָשֵׁם","מֻאְשָׁם"]·HI["दोष-लगाएगा","दोषलगाएगए","दोषलगातेथे","दोषलगायाजाताहूँ","दोषी-ठहराए-जाने-के","मुकदमा-करें"]·ID["akan-menuduh","biarlah-mereka-menuntut","dituduh","menuduh"]·IT["accusare"]·jav["badhe-ndakwa","dakwa-sami-dakwa","dipun-dakwa","kula-didakwa","piyambakipun-sedaya-ndakwa"]·KO["고소당하는","고소당한다","고소를-당할","고소하여라","고소하였다","고소할"]·PT["acusará","acusem-se","de-sermos-acusados","sou-acusado"]·RU["быть-обвинёнными","обвинит","обвиняемого","обвиняли","обвиняюсь","пусть-обвиняют"]·ES["acusará","acusén","de-ser-acusados","lo-acusaban","siendo-acusado","soy-acusado"]·SW["akishtakiwa","atashtaki","kushtakiwa","ninashtakiwa","walimshtaki","washtaki"]·TR["dava-açsınlar","suçlanan","suçlanmak","suçlanıyorum","suçlayacak","suçluyorlardı"]·urd["الزام-لگائے-گا","الزام-لگایا-جاتا-ہے-مجھ-پر","الزام-لگایا-ہوا","الزام-لگنے-کا","فریاد-کریں","وہ-الزام-لگاتے-تھے"]
BDB / Lexicon Reference
ἐγκᾰλέω, call in a debt, Refs 5th c.BC+: generally, demand as one's due, ἀργύριον Refs 5th c.BC+ __2 invoke, τὴν τῶν θεῶν ἰατρείαν Refs 1st c.BC+ __II bring a charge or accusation against a person:—Constr.: with dative person et accusative of things, charge something against one, φόνους ἐ. τινί Refs 5th c.BC+; χόλον κατ᾽ αὐτῶν ἐ. Refs 5th c.BC+: with infinitive, ἐστὶν ἃ ἐνεκάλει τοῖς Ἀθηναίοις…