κρίμα G2917
Judgment, verdict, condemnation; also a lawsuit or legal case brought before a court.
A legal term denoting the result of a judicial process — the verdict, sentence, or condemnation that follows deliberation. In the New Testament, krima most often refers to divine judgment on sin, whether the greater condemnation awaiting hypocritical scribes (Mark 12:40; Luke 20:47) or the judgment that falls on those who eat the Lord's Supper unworthily (1 Corinthians 11:29). Jesus declares that he came into the world 'for judgment' (John 9:39), and Paul warns that God's judgment on sinners is just (Romans 2:2–3). A single distinctive usage at 1 Corinthians 6:7 refers to civil lawsuits between believers, which Paul considers a spiritual defeat.
1. judgment, condemnation — The dominant sense covers judicial decision, verdict, and condemnation — the outcome of divine or human judgment. Jesus warns of greater condemnation for the scribes who devour widows' houses (Mark 12:40; Matthew 23:14). Paul teaches that divine krima falls justly on sinners (Romans 2:2–3; 3:8) and that partaking of the Lord's Supper unworthily brings judgment on oneself (1 Corinthians 11:29). Spanish condenacion and juicio, French jugement, and German Gericht/Urteil all reflect the forensic weight of a sentence rendered. Revelation 17:1 and 20:4 extend this to eschatological judgment. 27×
AR["الدَّينونَةَ","الدَّينونَةُ","حُكْمَكُمْ","دَينونَة","دَينونَةً","دَينونَةٍ","دَينونَةَ","دَينونَتُهُم","دَيْنونَةٌ","دَيْنونَةِ","دَيْنُونَةً"]·ben["অধিক","দণ্ড","দণ্ড,","দন্ড","বিচার","বিচারে","বিচারের"]·DE["Gericht","Urteil"]·EN["condemnation","judgment"]·FR["jugement"]·heb["דִּין","מִשְׁפַּט","מִשְׁפַּטְכֶם","מִשְׁפָּט"]·HI["दंड","दण्ड","दन्द","दन्द,","न्याय"]·ID["hukuman","penghakiman","penghakiman,","penghukuman"]·IT["giudizio"]·jav["pangadilan","pangadilanipun","pangadilanipun,","paukuman","paukuman,","paukuman.","paukumanipun","wewenang-ngadili"]·KO["심판","심판-을","심판을","심판을,","심판을-위해","심판이"]·PT["condenação","julgamento","juízo"]·RU["в-","осуждение","суд","суда","судом","суду"]·ES["condenación","condenación}","juicio"]·SW["hukumu"]·TR["ceza","hükmünüzü","o-","yargi","yargı","yargılama","yargının","yargısı","yargısına","yargısını","yargıyı"]·urd["سزا","عدالت","فیصلہ","فیصلہ-تھا","فیصلے","مقدمہ"]
Matt 7:2, Matt 23:14, Mark 12:40, Luke 20:47, Luke 23:40, Luke 24:20, John 9:39, Acts 24:25, Rom 2:2, Rom 2:3, Rom 3:8, Rom 5:16 (+15 more)
▼ 1 more sense below
Senses
2. lawsuit, legal case — A distinct usage at 1 Corinthians 6:7 where krima means a civil lawsuit or legal dispute between believers. Paul asks, 'Why not rather be wronged?' — rebuking Christians for taking their cases (krimata) to pagan courts. Spanish pleitos ('lawsuits') captures this sense precisely, distinguishing it from the theological weight of divine condemnation. This is the classical Greek meaning of krima as a matter for judgment or a case at law, preserved in this single but memorable Pauline rebuke. 1×
AR["دَعاوى"]·ben["মামলা"]·DE["Gericht"]·EN["lawsuits"]·FR["jugement"]·heb["מִשְׁפָּטִים"]·HI["मुकद्दमे"]·ID["perkara-hukum"]·IT["giudizio"]·jav["pangadilan"]·KO["소송들을"]·PT["demandas"]·RU["тяжбы"]·ES["pleitos"]·SW["mashtaka"]·TR["ki-"]·urd["مقدمے"]
Related Senses
H4941 1. justice, righteousness (134×)H4941 2. judgment, judicial decision (119×)H4941 3. ordinances, statutes (plural) (110×)H8199 1. to judge, adjudicate (98×)G2919 1. judge, pass judgment (76×)H8199 2. judge (person, office-holder) (61×)G2920 1. judgment / condemnation (48×)H7378 1. Qal: quarrel, contend, strive (42×)H4941 4. prescribed ordinance, regulation (34×)G1832 1. it is lawful, it is permitted (32×)G2919 2. be judged, stand trial (27×)H5360 1. vengeance, retribution (27×)H7378 2. Qal: plead, defend, litigate (22×)G2723 1. accuse, bring charges against (20×)G2923 1. judge (one who judges/decides) (19×)G2632 1. condemn, pass judgment against (18×)H1777 1. judge, adjudicate (18×)H1576 1. recompense, retribution (17×)H5359 1. vengeance, retribution (17×)H7561 1. condemn, declare guilty (Hifil) (17×)
BDB / Lexicon Reference
κρίμα, ατος, τό, (κρίνω) decision, judgement, NT+3rd c.BC+; verdict on a literary work, Refs 1st c.BC+ __2 decree, resolution, Refs 1st c.BC+ __3 legal decision, Refs 3rd c.BC+; decision of arbitrators, Refs 3rd c.BC+; especially sentence, condemnation, LXX+NT __II matter for judgement, question, Refs 5th c.BC+. __II.2 law-suit, LXX+NT __III ={κρίσις}, judging, judgement, NT.John.9.39, NT, etc.…