Judgment and Verdict

מִשְׁפָּט422 n.m. Gn 40:13 judgment;—abs. מִשְׁפָּט Ex 21:31 + 203 times, + לְ ִ֯שְׁפָּט Ez 44:24 (but read Kt לִשְׁפֹּט with 𝔊 𝔗 𝔖 Co al.); cstr. מִשְׁפַּט Ex 23:6 + 50 times; sf. מִשְׁפָּטִ�� Is 40:27 +; מִשְׁפָּטָם Je 49:12 +; מִשְׁפָּטָן Nu 27:5; pl. מִשְׁפָּטִים Je 4:12 + 34 times; sf. מִשְׁפָּטֶיךָ Dt 33:10 +, etc.;— 1. judgment: a. act of deciding a case: מ׳ belongeth to God Dt 1:17, is from him Pr 16:33; 29:26; אֱלֹהֵי הַמּ׳ Mal 2:17; חשֶׁן מ׳ Ex 28:15 the pouch of judgment, so v 29, 30 (P); worn on heart of Aaron v 30 (P); מ׳ צֶדֶק Dt 16:18; הֵבִין מ׳ Jb 32:9; שׁפט מ׳ 1 K 3:28; עשׂה מ׳ 1 K 3:28; דְּבַר (ה)מ׳ Dt 17:9; 2 Ch 19:6; רוח מ׳ Is 28:6; במשׁפט Lv 19:15, 35 (H) Dt 1:17; Pr 16:10; 24:23; במ׳ האורים Nu 27:21 (P); למשׁפט 35:12 Jos 20:6 (P) Dt 17:8; Ju 4:5; 2 S 15:2, 6; 2 Ch 19:8; Is 34:5; 41:1; 54:17; 59:11; Hb 1:12; Mal 3:5 ψ 9:8; 35:23; 76:10; 122:5; Jb 9:19 (Ez 44:24 v. supr.). †b. place, court, seat of judgment Dt 25:1; 1 K 7:7; Is 28:6; Ec 3:16. †c. process, procedure, litigation before judges: הֵבִיא במ׳ Jb 14:3; Ec 11:9; 12:14; בא במ׳, c. עם Is 3:14; Jb 22:4, c. את ψ 143:2, c. יחדו Jb 9:32, הלך במ׳ Jb 34:23, cf. Ez 34:16 ψ 112:5; pl. דבּר משׁפטים, c. את litigate with Je 1:16; 4:12; 12:1; 39:5 = 52:9, sg. מִשְׁפָּט in ‖ 2 K 25:6, by error. †d. case or cause presented for judgment: בעל מ׳ Is 50:8; ערךְ מ׳ Jb 13:18; 23:4; שׁמע מ׳ 1 K 3:11; שׁפט מ׳ La 3:59, cf. Nu 27:5 (P) 2 S 15:4. †e. sentence, decision of judgment: כן משׁפטךָ 1 K 20:40 thus is thy sentence; עת ומ׳ Ec 8:5, 6 time and sentence; על מ׳ Dt 17:11 according to the sentence; מ׳ מָוֶת 19:6; 21:22; Je 26:11, 16; מ׳ דמים Ez 7:23, cf. Hb 1:4(×2) ψ 7:7; 17:2; Ez 23:45; pl. only Ez 16:38 משׁפטֵי נאפות; Ho 6:5 read sg. מִשְׁפָּטִי כָאוֹר for מִשְׁפָּטֶיךָ אוֹר after 𝔊 𝔖 𝔗 Ew Hi Che; cf. Hos 5:1. †f. execution of judgment, in gen., עשׂה מ׳, c. בֵּין Je 7:5; Ez 18:8, cf. Dt 32:41; Zp 3:8; c. בְּ against ψ 119:84; 149:9; ב om. 9:17; Ez 39:21, מ׳ בא אל Je 48:21, ברוח מ׳ Is 4:4, מ׳ מואב Je 48:47, cf. Is 53:8; Je 51:9; Ho 5:1, 11; 10:4; Jb 36:17; pl. Is 26:8, 9; Ez 5:8; Zp 3:15 ψ 10:5; in favour of, עשׂה משׁפטִי Mi 7:9 ψ 9:5; מ׳ לעשׁוקים 146:7; דין מ׳ והציל Je 21:12, cf. Zc 7:9; 8:16; pl. ψ 48:12 = 97:8; 103:6; 105:5, 7 = 1 Ch 16:12, 14. †g. time of judgment, לא יקומו במ׳ ψ 1:5 (late; prob. judgment of the resurrection). 2. attribute of the שֹׁפֵט, justice, right, rectitude: a. of God, אלהי מ׳ Is 30:18; הֲשֹׁפֵט כָּל־הָאָרֶץ לֹא יַעֲשֶׂה מ׳ Gn 18:25 (J), cf. Jb 40:8; Dt 32:4 ψ 111:7; he loves it 33:5; 37:28; 99:4; צדק ומ׳ Ho 2:21 ψ 89:15 = 97:2; will not pervert it Jb 8:3; 34:12, cf. 37:23; כמשׁפטךָ ψ 119:149 (‖חסדךָ); מִשְׁפָּֽטְךָ תְּהוֹם רַבָּה 36:7 (read sg.). b. of man: אַשְׁרֵי שֹׁמְרֵי מ׳ ψ 106:3 (‖צדקה); the tongue of the wise speaketh מ׳ 37:30; so of thoughts מ׳ Pr 12:5; put on מ׳ as robe Jb 29:14, chosen 34:4; עשׂה מ׳: God requires that man should do it Mi 6:8; Is 1:17; 56:1, cf. 61:8; it is the joy of the righteous Pr 21:15; rulers should know it Mi 3:1, cf. Pr 29:4; wicked ruler שׂוֹנֵא מ׳ Jb 34:17; abhors it Mi 3:9, cf. Pr 19:28; 21:7; 28:5. 3. ordinance promulgated by שֹׁפֵט: 1 S 8:9, 11; 10:25 (law of king); Levit. ordinances Lv 5:10; 9:16 + 13 times P, 1 Ch 15:13; 24:19 2 Ch 4:7, 20; 8:14; 35:13; Ne 8:18; חק ומ׳ Ex 15:25; Jos 24:25 (E) 1 S 30:25, cf. ψ 81:5; חקת מ׳ Nu 27:11; 35:29 (P); divine law in gen. מ׳ יהוה Je 8:7; מ׳ אלהים Is 58:2; Je 5:4, 5 (‖ דֶּרֶךְ), cf. ψ 25:9; ‖ תורה Is 42:4; 51:4; Ezr 7:10; cf. Zp 2:3 ψ 119:43, 160; pl. of particular ordinances Dt 33:10, 21 (poem), Is 58:2; Ez 44:24 ψ 19:10; 119:7 + 16 times, 147:20. 4. decision of the שֹׁפֵט in a case of law (v. BrHex. 252 sq.): sg. of particular decision of a case Ex 21:31 (E); pl. of series of decisions 21:1; 24:3 (JE) Dt 7:12 (D2); in covt. code and D, collection of pentades in conditional or temp. cl., c. כּי or אם in D, and subj. in combination, חקים ומשׁפטים 4:1, 5, 8, 14, 45 +; in code of H and after, in combin. חקות ומשׁפטים, Lv 18:4, 5, 26; 19:37 +; (the specific type of these laws in H is אִישׁ כִּי, over against נפשׁ כי or אדם כי in code of P, v. BrHex. 254 f.); other combin., redactional and later, Lv 26:16; Nu 36:13; Dt 30:16; 2 K 17:37; 2 Ch 33:8; Ne 9:13 ψ 18:23; 89:31; 147:19. 5. one’s (legal) right, privilege, due: מ׳ הַכֹּהֲנִים Dt 18:3 due of the priests, מ׳ הַבְּכֹרָה 21:17; מ׳ הַגְּאֻלָּה Je 32:7 right of redemption; מ׳ הַיְרֻשָּׁה v 8; הִטָּה מ׳ Ex 23:6 (E) wrest right, so Dt 16:19; 23:6; 24:17; 27:19; 1 S 8:3; La 3:35, cf. Pr 18:5; מ׳ יְתוֹם Dt 10:18; מ׳ אביון Ex 23:6 (E) Je 5:28 ψ 140:13; מ׳ עניים Is 10:2; Jb 36:6; הסיר מ׳ 27:2; 34:5, cf. Is 40:27; 49:4. 6. a. proper, fitting, measure 1 K 5:8; fitness Is 28:26; 40:14 (of fitness in the order of nature; cf. Di). b. custom, manner: מ׳ הכהנים 1 S 2:13 custom of the priests (rightful due, according to Th We Dr and most); מִשְׁפָּטוֹ 27:11 his (David’s) custom; מ׳ הגוים 2 K 17:33 manner of the nations, cf. 2 K 17:26, 27 (RSSem. 1, 24, 2nd ed. 23); כמ׳ after the manner, custom, fashion (of) Gn 40:13; Ex 21:9 (E) Ju 18:7; 1 K 18:28; 2 K 11:14; 17:34; 1 Ch 6:17; Ez 42:11 ψ 119:132. †c. מה משׁפט Ju 13:12 what manner of a boy, cf. 2 K 1:7. †d . plan … of the tabernacle Ex 26:30 (P); temple 1 K 6:38; palace Je 30:18.

κρίσις [ῐς], εως, ἡ, (κρίνω) separating, distinguishing, Refs 5th c.BC+; τῶν ὁμοιογενῶν, τῶν διαφερόντων, uncertain reading in Refs 4th c.BC+ __2 decision, judgement, Refs 5th c.BC+; κ. οὐκ ἀληθής no certain means of judging, Refs 5th c.BC+ K.; Κρίσις, title of a play by Sophocles on the Judgemént of Paris; κ. τινός judgement on or respecting, Refs 5th c.BC+: ἡ τῶν ὅπλων κ., referring to the story of Ajax, Refs 6th c.BC+; κ. συνετή Refs; power of judgement, Refs 2nd c.BC+; κατὰ κρίσιν with judgement, advisedly, Refs __3 choice, election, Refs 4th c.BC+ __4 interpretation of dreams or portents, LXX+1st c.BC+ __II judgement of a court, Refs 5th c.BC+; trial, suit, Refs 5th c.BC+; καθιστάναι ἑαυτὸν ἐς κ. Refs 5th c.BC+; κρίσεως τυχεῖν to be put on one's trial, Refs 5th c.BC+; ἡ κ. γίγνεταί τινι Refs 6th c.BC+; κρίσιν λελογχότα Μειδίᾳ ἐξούλης Test. cited in Refs 4th c.BC+. __II.b result of a trial, condemnation, Refs 5th c.BC+ __II.c ἡμέρα κρίσεως Day of Judgement, NT.Mat.10.15. __II.2 trial of skill or strength, πρὸς τόξου κρίσιν in archery, Refs 6th c.BC+. __II.3 dispute, Refs 5th c.BC+. __III event, issue, κρίσιν σχεῖν to be decided, of a war, Refs 5th c.BC+ suppose the issue depends upon my public measures, Refs 4th c.BC+ __III.2 turning point of a disease, sudden change for better or worse, Refs 5th c.BC+ __IV middle of the spinal column, Refs 2nd c.AD+

κρίμα, ατος, τό, (κρίνω) decision, judgement, NT+3rd c.BC+; verdict on a literary work, Refs 1st c.BC+ __2 decree, resolution, Refs 1st c.BC+ __3 legal decision, Refs 3rd c.BC+; decision of arbitrators, Refs 3rd c.BC+; especially sentence, condemnation, LXX+NT __II matter for judgement, question, Refs 5th c.BC+. __II.2 law-suit, LXX+NT __III ={κρίσις}, judging, judgement, NT.John.9.39, NT, etc. [ῖ in A. [prev. cited] (nisi to be read κρεῖμα): ῐ in post-classical poetry; frequently written κρίμα in codices]

† דִּין n.[m.] judgment—Dt 17:8 + 16 times; sf. דִּינִי ψ 9:5, דִּינֵךְ Je 30:13;— 1. כסא דין throne of judgment Pr 20:8; משׁמים השׁמעת דין from heaven thou didst cause judgment to be heard ψ 76:9. 2. cause, plea, בין דין לדין between plea and plea Dt 17:8; דין דין plead a cause Je 5:28; 22:16; 30:13; עשׂה דין maintain the cause ψ 9:5; 140:13; ידע דין consider the cause Pr 29:7; דין לפניו the cause is before him Jb 35:14; שׂנה דין change the cause Pr 31:5; לְהַטּוֹת מִדִּין דַּלִּים Is 10:2; דין יתום Je 5:28; דין כל בני חֲלוֹף Pr 31:8. 3. judgment, condemnation, דין רשׁע judgment of the wicked Jb 36:17; דין ומשׁפט judgment and justice v 17. 4. strife, דין וקלון Pr 22:10 (legal strife, law-suit Str). 5. government, דת ודין law and government Est 1:13. Note. —לְמַעַן תֵּדְעוּן שַׁדּיּ֯ן Jb 19:29 is variously explained. (1) AV RV that ye may know there is a judgment follow Aq Symm Theod, so De Da, in interpreting שׁ relative + דִּין judgment, but שׁ is unknown to the dialect of Job and דִּין is used only in Elihu section. (2) 𝔊 reads ὕλη or ἴσχυς (i.e. שַׁדַּי (cf. 29:5 𝔊)? or שֹׁד?), & Qr שַׁדּוּן, indicating ancient uncertainty and a corrupt text. (3) Ew Di read שַׁדַּי the Almighty, which accords with usage of Job. (4) Siegf כִּי שֻׁדָּ֑דוּ (doubtfully).

† [שֶׁ֫פֶט] n.m. Ex 6:6 judgment;—pl. שְׁפָטִים Ex 6:6 +, sf. שְׁפָטַי Ez 14:21;—acts of judgment (cf. משׁפטים), בשׁפטים גדלים by great acts of judgment Ex 6:6; 7:4 (P); c. בְּ, עשׂה שׁפטים 12:12; Nu 33:4 (P), Ez 5:10, 15; 11:9; 16:41; 25:11; 28:22, 26; 30:14, 19 (all of God); men Ez 16:41; c. את, 2 Ch 24:24 (Syrians against Joash); שׁפטים of God (four: sword, famine, wild beasts, pestilence) Ez 14:21; נכונו שׁ׳ ללצים Pr 19:29 judgments are prepared for scorners (𝔊 שְׁבָטִים rods, so PerlesAnal. 69 [or שׁוֹטִים], Toy).

ἐκδῐκ-ησις, εως, ἡ, avenging, ἐ. ποιεῖσθαι to give satisfaction, Refs 2nd c.BC+; ἐ. ποιεῖσθαί τινος obtain it from.., Refs; legal remedy, Refs 6th c.AD+; ἐ. ποιεῖν τινι avenge him, NT

† דִּין n.m. Ezr 7:26 judgment;—abs. ד׳ Dn 4:34 = justice (of ways of God); emph. דִּינָה מִתְעֲבֵד מִנֵּהּ Ezr 7:26 judgment be executed upon him; דִּינָא = judges, court Dn 7:10, 26 + perhaps v 22 (reading וְד׳ יְהִב [יְתִב וְשָׁלְטָנָא], Ew Bev Kmp Dr); MT however = judgment was given in favour of (v. Dr).

κρῐτ-ήριον, τό, means for judging or trying, standard, frequently of the mental faculties and senses, Refs 6th c.BC+ measure, test, Refs 4th c.BC+ __2 court of judgement, tribunal, NT+5th c.BC+ __2.b decision of a tribunal, judgement, Refs 2nd c.BC+

† שְׁפוֹט n.m. si vera l. judgment, act of judgment;—abs. שׁ׳ 2 Ch 20:9 (so 𝔊 𝔖, but dub.); pl. שְׁפוּטִים Ez 23:10 (Toy שְׁפָטִים, Co del.).

ἀπόκρῐμα, ατος, τό, judicial sentence, condemnation (={κατάκριμα}, NT+5th c.AD+ __2 (from middle) answer, δοῦναί τισιRefs 2nd c.BC+; especially of the answers given by Emperors to legationes, ὁ ἐπὶ τῶν Ἑλληνικῶν ἀ.Refs 1st c.AD+; ἐπὶ τῶν ἐπιστολῶν καὶ πρεσβειῶν καὶ ἀ.Refs see at {Διονύσιος},Refs 1st c.AD+; also of a proconsul of Asia, Refs 2nd c.AD+ __2.b rescript, θεοῦ ἉδριανοῦRefs 2nd c.AD+

διά-γνωσις, εως, ἡ, distinguishing, τὴν δ. ποιεῖσθαι ὁποῖοι ἐκράτουν ἢ ἐκρατοῦντο Refs 5th c.BC+; means of distinguishing or discerning, Refs 5th c.BC+; of medical diagnosis, δ. ποιεῖσθαι Refs 5th c.BC+ __2 power of discernment, Refs 5th c.BC+ __II resolving, deciding, δ. ποιεῖσθαι Refs 5th c.BC+; δ. τῆς ἀξίας ποιεῖσθαι to determine the value, Refs 5th c.BC+; = Latin cognitio, NT+2nd c.AD+; ἐπὶ διαγνώσεων τοῦ Σεβαστοῦ, = Latin a cognitionibus Augusti, Refs 3rd c.AD+

δῐκαιο-κρῐσία, ἡ, righteous judgement, NT+4th c.AD+

† פְּלִילָה n.f. office of judge or umpire;—עשׂי פ׳ (Qr עֲשׂוּ) Is 16:3 do an umpire’s office.

† פְּלִילִיָּה n.f. the giving a decision;—פ׳ Is 28:7 (of priests).