κρίνω G2919
To judge, pass judgment, condemn; also to decide or determine; in passive, to be judged or stand trial
Krino is the foundational Greek verb for judgment, carrying the full range from evaluation to legal verdict to personal decision. Jesus' warning 'judge not, lest you be judged' (Matt 7:1) uses both active and passive in a single breath. Paul applies it to the eschatological tribunal (Rom 2:16) and to everyday congregational disputes (1 Cor 6:2). In Acts it often shades toward 'decide, determine' -- Paul 'decided' to sail past Ephesus (Acts 20:16), and the Jerusalem council 'determined' its decrees (Acts 16:4). Spanish juzgar, French juger, and German richten all reflect this same judicial core, inherited from the Latin-Greek legal tradition.
1. judge, pass judgment — The active judicial sense: to judge, evaluate, pass judgment, or condemn. This is the dominant use, spanning Jesus' teaching on mutual judgment (Matt 7:1, Luke 6:37), the eschatological authority to judge the twelve tribes (Matt 19:28), and God's righteous judgment (John 5:22, Rom 2:16). Spanish juzgar, French juger, and German richten all render this core forensic meaning. The verb encompasses both fair evaluation and condemnatory judgment depending on context. 76×
AR["احكُموا","احْكُمُوا","الدّائِنَ","الدّائِنُ","الدّائِنِ","اُحْكُمُوا","اِحْكُمُوا","اِدِينُوا","دائِن","يَحْكُمُ","يَدينُ","يَدِينُ"]·ben["বিচার-কর","বিচার-করছেন-যিনি","বিচার-করে","বিচার-করেন","বিচার-করেন।","বিচারকারী","বিচারকারী,","বিচারকারী।","বিচারকের-কাছে"]·DE["richten","richtet"]·EN["he-judges","judge","judges","judging"]·FR["juger"]·heb["שִׁפְטוּ","שׁוֹפֵט","שׁוֹפֶטֶת"]·HI["ठानो","न्याय-करता-है","न्याय-करती-है","न्याय-करने-वाले","न्याय-करने-वाले-को","न्याय-करनेवाला","न्याय-करनेवाला।","न्याय-करो","न्याय-करो।","मानता-है"]·ID["Dia-menghakimi","Nilailah","hakimilah","hakimilah;","menganggap","menghakimi","menghakimi,","menghakimi.","putuskanlah","yang-menghakimi"]·IT["giudicare"]·jav["Panjenenganipun-ngadili","kang-ngadili","kang-ngadili,","kang-ngukumi","ngadilana","ngadilana.","ngadili","ngadili,","ngadili.","ngukumi","panjenengan-sami-putusaken","putusa","sumangga-panjenengan-sedaya-mutusaken;"]·KO["그가-심판하고","심판하는-자여","심판하시는-이를","심판하시는-이에게","심판하신다","재판하라","판단하는","판단하는가","판단하라","판단하시는-분이","판단하신다","판단한다"]·PT["julga","julga,","julgai","que-julga","que-julgas"]·RU["Судящему","Судящий","день","перед-","рассудите","судит","судит.","судите","судите;","судящего,","судящий"]·ES["juzga","juzgad","que-juzga"]·SW["amueni","anahukumu","anaihukumu","anawahukumu.","anayehukumu","anayemhukumu","hahukumu","hukumuni","inahukumu","mhukumuni","unayemhukumu"]·TR["hükmedin","kaldırın","yargilayan","yargilayan,","yargilayan.","yargılar","yargılayan","yargılayana","yargılayın","yargılıyor"]·urd["عدالت-کرتا","فیصلہ کرو","فیصلہ-کرتا-ہے","فیصلہ-کرتی-ہے","فیصلہ-کرنے-والا","فیصلہ-کرنے-والا،","فیصلہ-کرنے-والے-کو","فیصلہ-کرو","کرو"]
Matt 7:1, Matt 19:28, Luke 6:37, Luke 19:22, John 5:22, John 5:30, John 7:24, John 7:24, John 7:51, John 8:15, John 8:16, John 8:26 (+38 more)
▼ 3 more senses below
Senses
2. be judged, stand trial — The passive and middle voice sense: to be judged, to stand trial, to come under judgment. In John 3:18 the believer 'is not judged' while the unbeliever 'has been judged already.' Acts 23:6 has Paul declaring 'I am being judged concerning the hope of the resurrection.' The passive often carries eschatological weight (Matt 7:1-2, Rom 3:7), and French être jugé and Spanish ser juzgado preserve this voice distinction clearly. 27×
AR["أَن-يُدانوا","أَنْ-أُحَاكَمَ","أَنْ-تُحَاكَمَ","أَنْ-يُحاكَمَ","أَنْ-يُحَاكَمَ","أُحَاكَمُ","تُدانوا","تُدانونَ","تُدانُ","دينوا","دينَ","دَينونَتِكَ","سَيُدانونَ","مُدانينَ","يُحاكَمُ","يُدانوا","يُدانُ"]·ben["তারা-বিচারিত-হয়","বিচার-করাতে","বিচার-পাওয়ার","বিচার-হবে","বিচার-হয়","বিচার-হয়,","বিচার-হল","বিচারিত-হইতে","বিচারিত-হইতেছি","বিচারিত-হও","বিচারিত-হওয়া","বিচারিত-হওয়ার","বিচারিত-হবে","বিচারিত-হবে,","বিচারিত-হয়"]·DE["richten","richtet"]·EN["am-being-judged","being-judged","is-judged","may-be-judged","they-might-be-judged","they-were-judged","to-be-judged","were-judged","will-be-judged","will-you-be-judged","you-be-judged","you-will-be-judged"]·FR["juger"]·heb["יִשָּׁפְטוּ","לְ-הִשָּׁפֵט","לְהִשְׁפֵּט","לְהִשָּׁפֵט","לְהִשָׁפֵט","נִשְׁפְּטוּ","נִשְׁפֶּטֶת","נִשְׁפָּט","נִשְׁפָּטִים","תִּשָּׁפְטוּ","תִּשָׁפְטוּ","תִשָׁפְטוּ"]·HI["दण्ड-पाओ","दोशि-थह्रअये-जअयेइन","न्याय-करता-है","न्याय-करवाना","न्याय-किए-गए","न्याय-किए-जाएँ","न्याय-किए-जाओगे","न्याय-किए-जाते-हुए","न्याय-किए-जाने-का","न्याय-किया-जाता-है","न्याय-किये-जाएंगे","न्याय-किये-जाने","न्याय-की-जाती-है","न्यायकियाजाताहूँ","न्यायकियाजाताहूँ।","न्यायकियाजाना","न्यायकियाजाना।"]·ID["Dihakimi","Engkau-dihakimi","akan-dihakimi,","berperkara,","diadili","dihakimi","dihakimi.","kalian-dihakimi","kamu-akan-dihakimi","kamu-dihakimi.","mereka-dihakimi","untuk-dihakimi,"]·IT["giudicare"]·jav["badhé-dipunadili,","diadili","diadili.","dipun-adili","dipun-adili.","dipunadili","dipunukum","dipunukum.","kaadili","kaputus","ngadili","ngadili,","panjenengan-sedaya-badhe-dipun-adili"]·KO["비판-받으리라","심판-받도록","심판-받으되","심판-받으리라","심판-받을","심판-받을-것이다","심판-받음","심판받기-위해.","심판받기를","심판받는다","심판받았다","심판받을-때","재판-받는다","재판-받으라","판단된다","판단받느냐"]·PT["Sendo-julgados","foram-julgados","ir-a-juízo","sejam-julgados","ser-julgado","ser-julgado.","sereis-julgados","serem-julgados","seres-julgado","serão-julgados","vai-a-juízo","é-julgada","é-julgado"]·RU["Судимые","будете-судимы","будут-судимы","были-осуждены","были-осуждены.","были-судимы","быть-судимыми,","суде","судимы-будете","судимые","судится","судится,","судиться","сужусь"]·ES["de-ser-juzgados","es-juzgada","es-juzgado","fueron-juzgados","sean-juzgados","ser-juzgado","serán-juzgados","seréis-juzgados","seréis‒juzgados","seáis-juzgados","siendo-juzgados","soy-juzgado"]·SW["hukumiwe","kuhukumiwa","kuhukumiwa,","kwenda-mahakamani","mta-hukumiwa;","mtahukumiwa","ninahukumiwa","tukihukumiwa","uhukumiwe","unahukumiwa","wahukumiwe","wakahukumiwa","wanapelekana-mahakamani,","watahukumiwa"]·TR["dünya-","o-","yargilanacak,","yargılanacaksınız","yargılanacaksınız;","yargılandılar","yargılanmak","yargılanmam","yargılanmanda","yargılanmayasınız","yargılansınlar","yargılanırken","yargılanıyor","yargılanıyorum"]·urd["اور","جانچی-جاتی-ہے","سزا-پاتے-ہوئے","عدالت-کی-جائیں","عدالت-کیا-جا-رہا-ہوں","عدالت-کیا-جاتا-ہوں","عدالت-کیا-جانا","عدالت-کیے-جانے-کا","فیصلہ-کرنے","فیصلہ-کیا-جائے","فیصلہ-کیے-جاؤ-گے","فیصلہ-کیے-جائیں-گے","فیصلہ-ہوا","فیصلہ-ہوتی-ہے","مجرم-ٹھہرائے-جاؤ۔","مقدمہ-کرتا-ہے","مقدمہ-کرنا"]
Matt 7:1, Matt 7:2, Luke 6:37, John 3:18, Acts 23:6, Acts 24:21, Acts 25:9, Acts 25:10, Acts 25:20, Acts 26:6, Acts 26:8, Rom 2:12 (+15 more)
3. decide, determine, resolve — The deliberative sense: to decide, determine, resolve upon a course of action. Acts 20:16 records Paul 'deciding' to sail past Ephesus; Acts 16:4 describes the apostles delivering 'decisions' reached at Jerusalem; and Acts 25:25 uses it for Festus's judicial determination. This sense moves from courtroom to council chamber, and Spanish decidir alongside juzgar captures the semantic shift well. 11×
AR["أَعْزِمْ","حاكِمينَ","حَكَمْنَا","قَاضِيًا","قَرَّرتُ","قَرَّرَ","قَرَّرْتُ","قُرِرَ","قُضِيَت","كَانَ-قَدْ-قَرَّرَ"]·ben["আমি-সিদ্ধান্ত-নিলাম","নির্ণয়-করিলাম","নির্ণয়-হইল","বিচার-করে","সিদ্ধান্ত-করেছিলাম","সিদ্ধান্ত-করেছে,","সিদ্ধান্ত-নিয়ে","সিদ্ধান্ত-নিয়েছি","সিদ্ধান্ত-নিয়েছিল","সিদ্ধান্ত-নিয়েছিলেন","স্থির-করা"]·DE["richten","richtet"]·EN["I-decided","I-have-decided","I-judged","had-decided","has-decided","having-been-decided","having-decided","having-judged","it-was-decided"]·FR["juger"]·heb["הֶחְלִיט","הֶחְלַטְנוּ","הֶחְלַטְתִּי","הֶחֱלִיט","הֶחֱלַטְתִּי","חָשַׁבְתִּי","נִגְזַר","נִגְזָרִים","שֶׁחָרַץ","שָׁפַטְנוּ","שָׁפַטְתִּי"]·HI["ठाना","तय-किय-है","निर्णय-करके","निर्णय-करते-हुए","निर्णय-किया","निर्णय-किया-था","निर्णय-किया-है","निर्णयकिया","निर्णयहुआ","निर्धारित"]·ID["aku-memutuskan","diputuskan","ketika-menghakimi","kuputuskan","memutuskan","memutuskan,","menyimpulkan","yang-ditetapkan"]·IT["giudicare"]·jav["dipunputusaken","kang-dipun-putusi","kawula-mutusaken","kula-mutusakaken","kula-mutusaken","mutusaken,","nalika-piyambakipun-mutusaken","sampun-mutusaken"]·KO["결심했다","결정되니","결정하였다","결정했기에","결정했다","정해진","판단하는","판단하여"]·PT["decidi","decididos","decidiu,","foi-decidido","julguei","tendo-julgado","tinha-decidido"]·RU["принятые","рассудивших","рассудил","решено-было","решив","решившего","решил","решил,","я-решил"]·ES["Había-decidido","Juzgué","decididos","decidí","fue-decidido","ha-decidido","habiendo-decidido","habiendo-juzgado","he-decidido","juzgué"]·SW["alikuwa-ameamua","alipoamua","ameamua,","iliamuliwa","niliamua","nimeamua","sikuamua","tukiamua","yaliyoamuliwa"]·TR["bunu","karar verdim","karar-verdim","karar-vererek","karar-verildi","karar-vermişti","ve-","verilmiş"]·urd["فیصلہ-کر-کے","فیصلہ-کرتے-ہوئے","فیصلہ-کرنے-والے-کے","فیصلہ-کیا","فیصلہ-کیا-تھا","فیصلہ-کیا-ہے","فیصلہ-کیے-ہوئے","فیصلہ-ہوا","میں-نے-فیصلہ-کیا","میں-نے-فیصلہ-کیا-ہے","ٹھانا"]
4. sense 4 — The litigious sense: to bring a lawsuit, to sue at law. In Matthew 5:40, Jesus says 'if anyone would sue you (krino) and take your tunic, let him have your cloak also.' Spanish demandar ('to sue') and the English gloss 'to sue' isolate this as a distinct initiatory legal action rather than a judge's verdict. 1×
AR["أَنْ-يُخَاصِمَ"]·ben["বিচার-করতে"]·DE["richtet"]·EN["to-sue"]·FR["juger"]·heb["לְהִשָּׁפֵט"]·HI["न्याय-होना"]·ID["menghakimi"]·IT["giudicare"]·jav["nggugat"]·KO["고소하고"]·PT["processar"]·RU["судиться"]·ES["demandar"]·SW["kukushtaki"]·TR["dava-etmek"]·urd["مقدمہ-لڑنا"]
Related Senses
H4941 1. justice, righteousness (134×)H4941 2. judgment, judicial decision (119×)H4941 3. ordinances, statutes (plural) (110×)H8199 1. to judge, adjudicate (98×)H8199 2. judge (person, office-holder) (61×)G2920 1. judgment / condemnation (48×)H7378 1. Qal: quarrel, contend, strive (42×)H4941 4. prescribed ordinance, regulation (34×)G1832 1. it is lawful, it is permitted (32×)G2917 1. judgment, condemnation (27×)H5360 1. vengeance, retribution (27×)H7378 2. Qal: plead, defend, litigate (22×)G2723 1. accuse, bring charges against (20×)G2923 1. judge (one who judges/decides) (19×)G2632 1. condemn, pass judgment against (18×)H1777 1. judge, adjudicate (18×)H1576 1. recompense, retribution (17×)H5359 1. vengeance, retribution (17×)H7561 1. condemn, declare guilty (Hifil) (17×)H7275 1. stone, pelt with stones (16×)
BDB / Lexicon Reference
κρίνω [ῑ], Epic dialect 3rd.person etc for 1st.person, 2nd.person singular indicative κρίνησι (δια-) falsa lectio in Refs 3rd c.BC+: future κρῐνῶ, Epic dialect, Ionic dialect κρῐνέω (δια-) Refs 8th c.BC+: aorist Refs 8th c.BC+, etc.: perfect Refs 6th c.BC+, etc.:—middle, future Refs 5th c.BC+, but in passive sense, Refs 5th c.BC+: aorist Refs 8th c.BC+, etc.:—passive, future Refs 5th c.BC+, etc.:…