Hostility, Strife

מִלְחָמָה319 n.f. battle, war;—abs. מ׳ Gn 14:2, 8 Ex 1:10 +; cstr. מִלְחֶ֫מֶת 1 S 13:22 (מ׳ מִכְמָשׁ 𝔊 Th We Bu HPS Ew§ 188 c Köii 182 > abs. Thes al.); sf. מִלְחַמְתִּי 2 Ch 35:21; מִלְחַמְתְּךָ 2 S 11:25; מִלְחַמְתֶּ֑ךָ Is 41:12, etc.; pl. מִלְחָמוֹת Is 42:13 + 7 times Ch ψψ; cstr. מִלְחֲמוֹת Ju 3:1 +, etc.;—battle, Gn 14:8 1 S 17:1, 2, 8; 31:3 1 K 20:14, 18, 29, 39 + often; war, Gn 14:2 Ex 1:10 Dt 20:12 Jos 11:23; 14:15 2 S 3:1 (וַתְּהִי הַמִּלְחָמָה אֲרֻכָּה) +; מִלְחֲמוֹת כְּנָ֑עַן Ju 3:1; סֵפֶר מִלְחֲמֹת י׳ Nu 21:14 (JE); acc. cogn. c. נלחם ��1 S 8:20 2 Ch 32:8 and (מִלְחֲמוֹת י׳) 1 S 18:17; 25:28†; = art of war, למד מ׳ Is 2:4 learn war = Mi 4:3; למּד מ׳ Ju 3:2 teach war, fighting; מְלַמֵּד יָדַי לַמּ׳ 2 S 22:35 = ψ 18:35, cf. ψ 144:1; לְמוּדֵי מ׳ 1 Ch 5:18, מְלֻמְּדֵי מ׳ Ct 3:8 instructed in war; once = battlefield וַיָּבֹאוּ עַד הַמּ׳ 1 S 14:20 (so KitKauAT). The most freq. phrases are: †אִישׁ מ׳ Is 3:2 1 S 16:18; 17:33 2 S 17:8 Ez 39:20 Jos 17:1 (P), also (coll.) Ju 20:17, of י׳ Ex 15:3 (poem); אַנְשֵׁי הַמּ׳ Jos 6:3; 10:24 (both JE), Dt 2:14, 16 Jos 5:4, 6 (all D), Je 38:4; 39:4; 41:3, 16; 49:26; 51:32; 52:7, 25, also 1 K 9:22 2 K 25:4 Nu 31:28, 49 (P), Jo 4:9; late אַנְשֵׁי מ׳ Jo 2:7 1 Ch 12:39 (v 38 van d. H) 2 Ch 8:9; 17:13; אִישׁ מִלְחָמוֹת Is 42:13 1 Ch 28:3; אַנְשֵׁי מִלְחַמְתָּהּ Je 50:30 her men of war, cf. Is 41:12 Ez 27:10, 27; אִישׁ מִלְחֲמוֹת תֹּעִי 2 S 8:10 a man of battles of Toi, i.e. his frequent opponent (v. Dr), = 1 Ch 18:10; seldom גִּבּוֹר מ׳ ψ 24:8 (of י׳), גִּבּוֹרֵי מ׳ 2 Ch 13:3; שָׂרֵי מִלְחָמוֹת 2 Ch 32:6; עַם הַמּ׳ Jos 8:1, 3; 10:7; 11:7, cf. 8:11 (all JE), cf. also 1 S 13:16 add. 𝔊 We Dr, cf. Klo; אַנְשֵׁי חַיִל לַמּ׳ Je 48:14; צְבָא מ׳ battle-host Is 13:4, so צ׳ הַמּ׳ Nu 31:14 (P); also גְּדוּדֵי צְבָא מ׳ 1 Ch 7:4, יֹצְאֵי צ׳ לַמּ׳ v 11, אַנְשֵׁי צָבָא לַמּ׳ 1 Ch 12:9 (v 8 van d. H)†; weapons of war, כְּלֵי (ה)מ׳ Ju 18:11, 17 Je 21:4; 51:20 1 Ch 12:34 (v 33 van d. H), also fig. 2 S 1:27 (‖ גִּבּוֹרִים); כְּלֵי צְבָא מ׳ 1 Ch 12:38 (v 37 van d. H.); קֶשֶׁת מ׳ Zc 9:10; 10:4; כְּלֵי מִלְחַמְתּוֹ his weapons of war 1 S 8:12 Dt 1:41, cf. Ju 18:16 Ez 32:37; דִּבְרֵי הַמּ׳ = the news of the battle 2 S 11:18, 19 + v 22 add. 𝔊 The We Klo Dr Bu. Freq. combin. with vbs. are: עָרַךְ מ׳ draw up battle-line Ju 20:22 +, sq. אֵת with = against Gn 14:8 Ju 20:20, sq. עִם 2 Ch 13:3; אסר המּ׳ i.e. begin the battle 1 K 20:14, cf. 2 Ch 13:3; וַתִּקְרַב הַמּ׳ 1 K 20:29 and the battle was joined; עָשָׂה מ׳ make war Pr 20:8; 24:6 1 Ch 22:8, sq. אֵת with Gn 14:2 Jos 11:18 (D), sq. עִם Dt 20:12, 20 1 Ch 5:10, 19; †יָצָא לַמּ׳ עִם Ju 20:14, 20, 28, c. עַל 1 K 8:44 2 Ch 6:34; הָלַךְ לַמּ׳ עִם 2 K 8:28; נגשׁ לַמּ׳ עִם Ju 20:23, c. בְּ 1 S 7:10 2 S 10:13, abs. Je 46:3†; וַתְּהִי הַמּ׳ עִם 2 S 21:18, 19, c. בֵּין 2 S 3:1, cf. v 6 +; †קִדַּשׁ מ׳ consecrate war, i.e. open a campaign (with sacred rites, Che) Mi 3:5 Je 6:4 (both c. על), Jo 4:9; cf. †וְהַמּ׳ הִדְבִּיקָתְהוּ Ju 20:42 and the battle clung to them; וַתַּעֲלֶה הַמּ׳ 22:35 and the battle rose (high) = 2 Ch 18:34; וַתִּטּשׁ הַמּ׳ 1 S 4:2, read וַתֵּט הַמּ׳ (𝔊 We Klo Bu, cf. Dr) and the battle inclined (in favour of one side); נָפוֹצֶת הַמּ׳ 2 S 18:8 Qr the battle was spread (extended), so read 1 S 14:24 add. 𝔊 The We Klo Dr; תָּקוּם עָלַי מ׳ ψ 27:3 if war rise against me†; הַמּ׳ כָּבֵ֑דָה Ju 20:34 the battle was severe, cf. וַתִּכְבַּד הַמּ׳ אֶל־שָׁאוּל 1 S 31:3 = 1 Ch 10:3 (על for אל); so וַתְּהִי הַמּ׳ חֲזָקָה 1 S 14:52, חָזַק מִמֶּנּוּ הַמּ׳ 2 K 3:26; וַתְּהִי הַמּ׳ קָשָׁה 2 S 2:17: cf. כֹּבֶד מ׳ Is 21:15, עֱזוּז מ׳ 42:25.

[אָיַב283] vb. be hostile to (Ass. aibu (v. DlW), enemy = אֹיֵב)— Qal Pf. †וְאָיַבְתִּ֫י Ex 23:22; Pt. אוֹיֵב (אֹיֵב) Ex 15:6 +; sf. (אוֹיְבִי) אֹיְבִי 2 S 22:18 = ψ 18:18 +; f. sf. אֹיַבְת��ּי Mi 7:8, 10; אֹיִבְךָ Ex 23:4 +, etc.; pl. אוֹיְבִים ψ 68:24; 127:5; אֹיְבִים ψ 139:22, etc.;—be hostile to, treat as enemy Ex 23:22 (E, Cov’t code) וְאָיַבְתִּ֫י אֶת־אֹיְבֶיךָ וְצַרְתִּ֫י אֶת־צֹרְרֶיךָ (subj. י׳); elsewhere Pt. 1 S 18:29 וַיְהִי שָׁאוּל אֹיֵב אֶת־דָּוִד; usually as subst. & mostly sf.; enemy, of personal foe Ex 23:4 (E ‖ שֹׂנֵא v 5) Nu 35:23 (P) 1 S 19:17 (cf. 18:29) 24:5, 20 2 S 4:8 1 K 21:20 Jb 27:7 ψ 54:9; 55:13 (‖ מְשַׂנֵּא; opp. אַלּוּף, מְיֻדָּע v 14) Mi 2:8 Pr 16:7; 24:17 +; in sim. Je 30:14 (מַכַּת אוֹיֵב); of public national enemy, sg. Ju 16:23, 24; coll. Ex 15:6, 9 Dt 33:27 Na 3:11 2 Ch 6:24 +; personif. Mi 7:8, 10; more oft. pl. Ex 23:22 (E) Lv 26:7f (H) Nu 10:9 (P) Dt 1:42; 6:19 Je 15:9; 34:20, 21 +; of enemies of God, as protector of his people Nu 10:35 (J) Ju 5:31 1 S 30:26 2 S 18:19 ψ 66:3; 68:1, 22 Na 1:2, 8 Is 66:6 +; as morally supreme Jb 13:24; 33:10 ψ 37:20; 92:10(×2) +; of God as enemy of rebellious people Is 63:10, in sim. La 2:4, 5.

מַחֲנֶה214 n.m. Gn 33:8 + 16 times and f. ψ 27:3; 1 Ch 11:15 (on Gn 32:9a v. Di) encampment, camp—abs. מ׳ Gn 32:9(×2) + 126 times (incl. Ez 1:24, del. Co); cstr. מַחֲנֵה Gn 32:3 + 56 times; sf. מַחֲנֵהוּ Nu 1:52 + 5 times; מַחֲנֶיךָ Dt 23:15; 29:10, מַחֲנֶךָ Dt 23:15, מַחֲנֵיכֶם Am 4:10, מַחֲנֵיהֶם Nu 5:3 Ju 8:10 (cf. infr., and on form of noun c. sf. vid. Ges§ 93, 3, R 3); pl. abs. מַחֲנוֹת Gn 32:8 + 9 times; cstr. 1 Ch 9:18 + 2 times, מַחֲנִים Nu 13:19; sf. (appar. pl. n.) מַחֲנֵיהֶם Jos 10:4 + 5 times;—on du. v. מ׳ n.pr. infr. 1. camp, place of encampment: a. of caravan of travellers Gn 32:22 (J), especially of Isr. at Exod. and in wildern. Ex 16:13(×2) 19:16, 17 (all P; disting. from עַם); שַׁעַר מ׳ Ex 32:26 (JE); especially מִחוּץ המ׳ in connexion with uncleanness, etc., Ex 29:14; Lv 4:12 (P) + often, of position of tent of meeting Ex 33:7(×2) (JE), contr. Nu 2:17 (P), where of encampments of several tribes, cf. 1:52; 2:3; 10:2, 5, 6, 25 etc., (all P), already passing over to 3 (cf. הַחֹנִים 10:5, 6); b. specif. of camp of Levites, surrounding tabernacle, so that P can say אֹהֶל־מוֹעֵד מַחֲנֵה הַלְוִיִם Nu 2:17; and so (late) of temple הַשֹּׁעֲרִים לְמַחֲנוֹת בְּנֵי לֵוִי 1 Ch 9:18, as well as שַׁעֲרֵי מַחֲנוֹת י׳ 2 Ch 31:2; pl. (opp. מִבְצָרִים = fortresses) Nu 13:19. 2. camp of armed host Jos 6:11(×2), 14 (JE), 1 S 4:3, 5, 6(×2), 7; 17:53; 2 K 7:16 etc. 3. a. those who encamp Nu 10:5, 6; 1 Ch 11:5 ψ 27:3 (all c. vb. חנה), cf. (prob.) Is 37:36 = 2 K 19:35, etc. b. company, body of people; people and beasts Gn 32:8, 9(×2), 11; 33:8, funeral company of Jacob Gn 50:9; of Isr. on march Ex 14:19, 20 cf. Nu 10:5, 6. c. army, host Jos 8:13; 10:5; 11:4 Ju 4:15, 16(×2) 7:1, 8; 8:10(×2), 11(×2) 12 1 S 17:1, 46 2 K 3:9 even while in the thick of the fight; 1 K 22:34 = 2 Ch 18:33 etc.

צָבָא485 n.m. 2 Ch 28:9 (poss. f. Is 40:2; Dn 8:12, but v. Albr ZAW xv (1895), 319; Bev Dn) army, war, warfare;—abs. צ׳ Nu 1:3 + (מִצָּבָה Zc 9:8 v. p. 663 a); cstr. צְבָא Nu 10:15 +; sf. צְבָאִי Jb 14:14; צְבָאֲךָ Ju 8:9; 9:29; צְבָאָיו ψ 103:21; 148:2 (Kt צבאו; so read prob. in both), etc.; pl. צְבָאוֹת Nu 20:9 + 278 times; cstr. צִבְאוֹת Ex 12:41 + 2 times; sf. צִבְאֹתַי 7:4; צִבְאֹתָם 6:26 +, etc.;— 1. army, host: a. organized for war Ju 8:6; 9:29 (J) Is 34:2; Je 51:3; 2 Ch 28:9; צְבָאוֹ his host Nu 2:4, 6 + 10 times 2 (P), לְצִבְאֹתָם 1:3, 52; 2:3, 9 + 11 times 2, 10, 33:1 (P); אַלְפֵי הצ׳ 31:48 (P); צ׳ ישׂראל 2 Ch 25:7; חֵיל (ה)צ׳ 1 Ch 20:1; 2 Ch 26:13; גְּדוּדֵי צ׳ 1 Ch 7:4; כל־הצבא 2 S 3:23; 10:7; 1 Ch 19:8; 2 Ch 26:14; שַׂר (ה)צ׳ captain of (the) host Gn 21:22, 32 (E) 26:26 (J) Ju 4:2, 7; 1 S 12:9 + 21 times; שָׂרֵי (ה)צבא 1 K 1:25 (but read שַׂר), 1 Ch 25:1; 26:26; 2 Ch 33:11; שָׂרִים בצ׳ 1 Ch 12:22; שָׂרֵי (ה)צבאות Dt 20:9; 1 K 2:5; 1 Ch 27:3; רָאשֵׁי הצ׳ 1 Ch 12:14; מַלְכֵי צבאות ψ 68:13; עַל (ה)צ׳ over the host (as captain) Nu 10:14, 15 + 10 times Nu 10 (P), 2 S 8:16 = 1 Ch 18:15; 2 S 17:25; 1 K 2:35; 4:4; אל־כל הצ׳ 2 S 20:23 (אל for על); עַל־צִבְאֹתָם Ex 6:26; 12:51 (P); הוציא צבאות lead out armies Ex 7:4; 12:17 (P); יצא צ׳ army goes forth (to war) Ex 12:41; 1 Ch 7:11; לֹא תֵצֵא בְּצִבְאוֹתֵינוּ ψ 44:10, of י׳ going with our armies = 60:12 = 108:12; fig. of great number, צבא רב 68:12.—On חֲלִיפוֹת וְצָבָא Jb 10:17 v. Di; Bu proposes תַּחֲלֵף צְבָאֲ(ךָ) i.e. thou dost renew (thine) army against me. b. host (organized body) of angels (cf. Lu 2:13), צבא השׁמים (כל) all the host of heaven 1 K 22:19 = 2 Ch 18:18; Ne 9:6; כל צבאיו ψ 103:21; 148:2; צבא הַמָּרוֹם Is 24:21 host of the high (angel-princes; ‖ earthly monarchs); צבא השׁמים Dn 8:10, הצבא v 10 (al. vb fig. of Israel); שׂר צ׳ י׳ captain of the host of י׳ Jos 5:14, 15 (theophanic angel); שׂר הצבא Dn 8:11 (angel-prince of Israel, others, God). c. of sun, moon and stars, כל צבא השׁמים Dt 4:19; 17:3; 2 K 17:16; 21:3, 5 = 2 Ch 33:3, 5; 2 K 23:4, 5 Je 8:2; 19:13 (all as objects of worship), Is 34:4; צ׳ השׁמים Je 33:22; Zp 1:5; כל צבאם Ne 9:6 ψ 33:6; Is 34:4; 45:12; צבאם Is 40:26.—Je 3:19 v. i. צְבִי" dir="rtl" >צְבִי. d. of the entire creation, כל צבאם Gn 2:1. 2. war, warfare, service: יָצָא צָבָא go out to war Nu 1:3, 20 + 12 times Nu 1, 26:2 (P) 1 Ch 5:18; 7:11; 12:33, 36; 2 Ch 25:5; 26:11; יצא בצ׳ Nu 31:36 (P) Dt 24:5; יצא לצ׳ Nu 31:27, 28 (P); עלה לצ׳ go up to war Jos 22:12, 33 (P); בא מצ׳ come from war Nu 31:14; 2 Ch 28:12; קבץ לצ׳ 1 S 28:1; שׁלח לצ׳ Nu 31:4, 6(×2) (P); התיחשׂם בּצ׳ 1 Ch 7:40; צ׳ תִנָּתֵן Dn 8:12; אַנְשֵׁי (ה)צ׳ men of war Nu 31:21, 53 (P) 1 Ch 12:9, cf. עַם הצ׳ Nu 31:32 (P); v. also חָלַץ²" dir="rtl" >II. חלץ; גִבּוֹרֵי חַיִל לצ׳ 1 Ch 12:25; כְּלֵי צ׳ 1 Ch 12:37 instruments of war. 3. service: a. of Levites in sacred places Nu 4:3, 23, 30, 35, 39, 43; 8:24, 25; קֹדֶשׁ וְצָבָא Dn 8:13 (al. as v 11, 1 b). b. of hard service of troubled life Jb 7:1; 14:14; Is 40:2 Dn 10:1. 4. צְבָאוֹת, in name of י׳ as God of war, prob. first in time of warlike David (some connect with sacred ark, but ark older), explained יהוה צבאות אֱלֹהֵי מערכות ישׂראל 1 S 17:45 י׳ Sebaoth God of the battle array of Israel (the thought of angels and stars as army of God is later); a. earliest form c. art.: י׳ אֱלֹהֵי הַצְּבָאוֹת Am 3:13; 6:14; 9:5 (אֱלֹהֵי om. by error, cf. We), Ho 12:6. b. without art., definite by usage, י׳ אֱלֹהֵי צְבָאוֹת 2 S 5:10; Am 5:14, 15, 16; 6:8; 1 K 19:10, 14; Je 5:14; 15:16 ψ 89:9; י׳ אֱלֹהֵי צְבָאֹת אֱלֹהֵי יִשְׂרָאֵל Je 35:17; 38:17; 44:7; 2 S 7:27 = 1 Ch 17:24; Is 21:10; 37:16; 1st אֱלֹהֵי om. Je 7:3, 21 + 30 times Je; Zp 2:9; י׳ אלהים צ׳ אלהי ישׂראל ψ 59:6 (אלהים variant of י׳); י׳ א׳ צ׳ שְׁמוֹ, י׳ God of hosts his name Am 4:13; 5:27, later reduced to י׳ צ׳ שְׁמוֹ Is 47:4; 48:2; 51:15; 54:5; Je 10:16; 31:35 + 6 times Je. c. as n.pr. Sebaoth: י׳ צבאות, י׳ Sebaoth (Lord of hosts, Vrss, owing to Qr אֲדֹנָי, but this never cstr. אֲדֹנֵי; al. י׳ of hosts, but י׳ is n.pr.; צ׳ for earlier אלהי צ׳; cf. Σαβαωθ Ja 5:4; Rom 9:29): 1 S 1:3, 11; 4:4; 15:2; 17:45; 2 S 6:2, 18; 7:8, 26; 1 K 18:15; 2 K 3:14; 19:31; 1 Ch 11:9; 17:7 ψ 24:10 + 6 times ψψ, Mi 4:4; Na 2:14; 3:5 Hb 2:13; Zp 2:10; Is 1:9; 2:12; 5:7, 9, 16, 24 + 35 times Is 6–39; Is 2 only 44:6; 45:13; Je 6:6, 9; 8:3; 9:6, 16 + 26 times Je, Hg 1:2, 5 + 12 times Hg, Zc 1:3(×3), 4 + 40 times Zc 1–8; 9:15 + 8 times 10–14, Mal 1:4, 6, 8 + 21 times Mal; האדון י׳ צ׳ Is 1:24 + 4 times Is (incl. 10:16 Baer Gi > van d. H. אֲדֹנָי for י׳); אֲדֹנָי י׳ צ׳ 3:15 + (on these phr. v. אָדוֹן 1, 6); אלהים צ׳ (א׳ later Qr for orig. י׳) ψ 80:8, 15; י׳ אלהים צ׳ (earlier י׳ + later [inserted] א׳) ψ 80:5, 20; 84:9.—cf. Driver Hastings DB (1900), Lord of Hosts and reff., Löhr Amos (Belhefte zur ZAW iv (1900), 38–67).

I. [לָחַם171] vb. fight, do battle (NH Hithp.; ואלתחם MI11.15.19; perhaps = order the battle, cf. NöZMG xl. 1886, 721; Arabic لَحَمَ fit close together, so NH לחם Pi., Syriac ܠܚܡ Pa. unite, ܠܳܚܶܡ fit; also threaten; GerberVerb. Denom. 59 thinks vb. in Heb. denom. from מִלְחָמָה battle-line, but dub.);— †Qal (poet.) only Imv. ms. and Pt. act.—fight, do battle with, rare, only ψψ, appar. later usage:—לְחַם אֶת־לֹחֲמָ֑י ψ 35:1 do battle with those battling with me (dub. whether את is acc. sign or prep. with, cf. Ol; ‖ רִיבָה אֶת־יְרִיבַי); לֹחֲמִים לִי 56:3 doing battle against me; לֹחֵם v 2 as subst. fighter. †Niph.167 Pf. נִלְחַם Ju 9:17 +, וְנִלְחַמְתָּ֫ 11:8 1 S 15:18, וְנִלְחַמְנוּ Dt 1:41 consec., etc.; Impf. יִלָּהֵם Ex 14:14 Dt 1:30; יִ֫לָּחֶם לָ֑נוּ Ne 4:14, וַיִּ֫לָּחֶם Ex 17:8 + 19 times; 3 fs. תִּלָּחֵם Zc 14:14; 3 mpl. וַיִּלָּֽחֲמוּ Ju 1:5 + 13 times; sf. וַיִּלָּֽחֲמוּנִי ψ 109:3; 2 mpl. תִּלָּֽחֲמוּ 1 K 22:31 + 4 times; תִּלָּֽחֲמוּן 1 K 12:24, etc.; Imv. הִלָּחֵם Ex 17:9 1 S 18:17; הִלָּ֫חֶם בּוֹ Ju 9:38; pl. הִלָּֽחֲמוּ 2 K 10:3 Ne 4:8; Inf. abs. נִלְחֹם Ju 11:26; cstr. הִלָּחֵם 1:9 + 35 times; הִלָּ֫חֶם בּוֹ etc., Nu 22:11 + 6 times; sf. הִלָּחֲמוֹ 2 K 8:29 + 3 times; Pt. נִלְחָם Ex 14:25 + 10 times; pl. נִלְחָמִים Jos 10:25 + 10 times (but 1 S 31:1 read rather נִלְחֲמוּ, so ‖ 1 Ch 10:1 We Klo Bu, cf. Dr);—engage in battle (recipr.), sometimes wage war (Jos 10:5; Ju 11:5; 1 K 14:19; 22:46; 2 K 6:8; 14:28 etc.), often c. בְּ of enemy (60 times) Ex 1:10; 17:9, 10; Nu 21:23, 26; 22:11 (all E), Ju 11:8, 25; 1 S 15:18; 2 S 8:10 + (49 times); less often c. בְּ of city attacked, besieged †Ju 9:45; 1 S 23:1; 2 S 12:26, 27, 29 Is 20:1; Jos 10:31 (D), 1 K 20:1 2 Ch 35:20 Ne 4:2; of tower Ju 9:52; sq. בְּאַרְצִי 11:12†; c. עִם of enemy (26 times): Ju 5:20; 11:4, 5, 20 Jos 11:5 (JE), 1 S 13:5; 17:19, also 1 S 17:32, 33 (of single combat), Dt 20:4; Jos 9:2 (both D), 2 K 13:12; 14:15; 2 Ch 11:1; 17:10; 27:5; Dn 10:20; 11:11 +; c. עִם of city †Jos 10:29 (D), 19:47 (JE)†; c. אֶת־ = with, of enemy, †Jos 24:8 (E), 1 S 17:9 (single combat), Je 21:5; 1 K 20:23; 2 K 19:9 = Is 37:9, Je 37:10; also Ju 12:4; 2 S 11:17; 21:15; 1 K 22:31;2 K 8:2; 9:15; Je 21:4; 32:5; 33:5; 2 Ch 18:30; 22:6, and c. אוֹתָם (= אִתָּם) Jos 10:25 (D), 1 K 20:25 (KöLgb. ii. 296)†; c. עַל, against, of enemy only Je 21:2; elsewhere (16 times) of city: †Jos 10:5 (JE), Is 7:1; 2 K 12:18; 19:8 = Is 37:8; especially D and Je: Dt 20:10, 19 Jos 10:34, 36, 38 (all D), Je 32:24, 29; 34:1, 7, 8, 22†; c. אֶל־ of enemy †Je 1:19; 15:20†; c. sf. וַיִּלָּֽחֲמוּנִי †ψ 109:3 and they have fought against me†; c. יָ֑חַד i.e. fight together = with (against) one another †1 S 17:10; abs. c. acc. cogn. מִלְחָמוֹת fight battles †1 S 8:20; 18:17; 25:28; 2 Ch 32:8†; abs. elsewhere Ju 5:19(×2), 20 Dt 1:41; Zc 10:5 + 26 times + וַוָּסֻרוּ עָלָיו לְהִלָּחֵ֑ם 1 K 22:32; †c. עַל for, in behalf of, Ju 9:17; 2 K 10:3; Ne 4:8; c. לְ = id., Ex 14:14 (J), v 25 (J; + בְּ of enemy), Dt 1:30; 3:22; 20:4 (+ עִם of enemy, vid. supra), Jos 10:14, 42; 23:3, 10 (all D), Ne 4:14†; יָכֹל לְהִלּ׳ be able to fight, c. את of enemy 1 S 17:9, c. בְּ of enemy Nu 22:11, = be successful in fighting, prevail against; so c. עַל of city Is 7:1, and abs. 2 K 16:5 (after וַיָּצֻרוּ עָל besiege).

† חָכְמָה n.f. wisdom, ח׳ Ex 28:3 + 106 times; cstr. חָכְמַת Ex 35:35 + 15 times; sf. חָכְמָתִי Ec 2:9, etc. + 25 times sf.; pl. abst. חָכְמוֹת ψ 49:4 Pr 1:20; 9:1; 24:7 (GK§ 861); חַכְמוֹת Pr 14:1 (incorrectly pointed as adj. cstr. f.; read חָכְמוֹת De);— 1. skill in war Is 10:13; in technical work Ex 28:3; 31:3, 6; 35:26, 31, 35; 36:1, 2 (P), cf. 1 K 7:14, 1 Ch 28:21; of sailors ψ 107:27. 2. wisdom, in administration Dt 34:9 Is 29:14 Je 49:7(×2) 2 S 14:20; of prince of Tyre Ez 28:4, 5, 7, 12, 17; Sol.’s wisdom included this with other forms of cleverness and shrewdness 1 K 2:6; 3:28; 5:9, 10, 14(×2), 26; 10:4, 6, 7, 8, 23, 24 = 2 Ch 9:3, 5, 6, 7, 22, 23, 1 K 11:41 2 Ch 1:10, 11, 12; the Messiah is to have רוּחַ חָכְמָה וּבִינָה Is 11:2. 3. shrewdness, wisdom, 2 S 20:22 1 K 5:10(×2) Je 9:23; withheld by God from the ostrich Jb 39:17; of magicians and prophets Is 47:10 Dn 1:4, 17, 20. 4. wisdom, prudence in religious affairs Dt 4:6 ψ 37:30; 51:8; 90:12 Pr 10:31 Is 33:6 Je 8:9. 5. wisdom, ethical and religious: a. of God, as a divine attribute or energy; his wisdom is in the skies Jb 38:36; by it he numbers the clouds Jb 38:37; founded the earth Pr 3:19; and made all things Je 10:12 = 51:15, ψ 104:24; it is with him Jb 12:13; not to be found by the most persevering human search Jb 28:12, 20; he alone knows it Jb 28:23; gives it Pr 2:6; and shews its secrets Jb 11:6. b. the divine wisdom is personified: she was begotten before all things to be the architect and counsellor of God in the creation (Pr 8:22–31); she builds a palace and spreads a feast for those who will receive her instruction 9:1 (cf. v2–5); she teaches in public places 1:20; 8:1, 5, 11, 12 (v. context); gives her pupils the divine spirit 1:23; by her discipline simple become wise, rulers rule wisely, and those seeking her are richly rewarded 8:14 (cf. v1–21). c. of man: to get wisdom is principal thing Pr 4:7(×2); its fundamental principle is to fear God ψ 111:10 Pr 15:33 Jb 28:28 (‖ סוּר מֵרַע בִּינָה); and know י׳, the All Holy Pr 9:10; 30:3; it is of inestimable worth Jb 28:18 Pr 8:11; 16:16; 17:16; 23:23; 24:7; beyond the reach of scorners Pr 14:6; God giveth it to the good Ec 2:26; men are to incline the ear Pr 2:2; attend unto wisdom Pr 5:1; seek Ec 7:25; know Pr 24:14 Ec 1:17; 8:16; behold Ec 2:12; 9:13; get her Pr 4:5, 7; treat her as sister Pr 7:4; happy the man who finds her Pr 3:13; he who has wisdom is אִישׁ תְּבוּנָה Pr 10:23; נָבוֹן Pr 10:13; 14:33; מֵבִין Pr 17:24; cf. also ψ 49:4 Jb 4:21; 12:2, 12; 13:5; 15:8; 26:3; 32:7, 13; 33:33 Pr 1:2, 7; 2:10; 4:11; 11:2; 13:10; 14:1, 8; 18:4; 21:30; 24:3; 28:26; 29:3, 15; 31:26 Ec 1:13, 16(×2), 18; 2:3, 9, 13, 21; 7:10, 11, 12(×2), 19, 23; 8:1; 9:10, 15, 16(×2), 18; 10:1, 10;—on Solomon’s wisdom v. supr.

III. צַר68 n.m. Nu 10:9 adversary, foe;—abs. צַר Am 3:11 +, even c. art. הַצַּר Nu 10:9, but also הַצָּר Est 7:4; צָ֑ר Zc 8:10 +; pl. צָרִים La 1:7; cstr. צָרֵי Ezr 4:1 + Is 9:10 (but read prob. צָרוֹ or צָרָיו, cf. Di-Kit CheHpt.; al. שָׂרֵי), Je 48:5 (del. 𝔊 Hi Gie), Ez 30:16 (but 𝔊 Sm וְנָפֹצוּ, so Berthol; Co וְנִפְרְצוּ, so Toy; Krae יָעוּף); sf. צָרַי ψ 3:2, צָרֵיהֶם Ez 39:23, צָרֵימוֹ Dt 32:27, etc.;—adversary, foe, Am 3:11; Gn 14:20; Nu 10:9; (P), 24:8 (JE); Dt 32:27; 33:7; Jos 5:13 (JE); 2 S 24:13; Is 9:10 (v. supr.), Zc 8:10; Ezr 4:1; Ne 4:5; Est 7:6 (אִישׁ צַר וְאוֹיֵב), + 21 times, + ψ 3:2; 13:5; 27:2; 78:42, + 13 times ψψ, + (of י׳’s foes) 78:66; 97:3; + (of י׳’s foes) also Is 1:24; 26:11; 59:18; 64:1; Je 46:10; Na 1:2; Dt 32:41, 43; Jb 19:11.—Je 48:5; Ez 30:16 v. supr.

† רִיב [NöZMG xxxvii (1883), 530, 534 Ges§ 73b] vb. strive, contend (cf. Arabic رَابَ (ى) agitate (the mind), رَيْبٌ disquiet; cf. also Syriac ܪܳܒ cry, shout, Aph. also quarrel noisily, ܪܰܘܒܳܐ shouting, clamour (v. Nöl.c.); on Sab. n.pr. ריב = Arabic رياب v. DHMib. 14);—Qal Pf. 3 ms. רָב Ju 11:25 1 S 25:39; 2 ms. רַבְתָּ La 3:58, רִיבוֹתָ Jb 33:13, etc.; Impf. 3 ms. יָרִיב Ju 6:31 +, juss. יָרֵב Ho 4:4; 1 S 24:16, יָרֶ֫ב לוֹ(בּוֹ) Ju 6:31, 32; וַיָּ֫רֶב Gn 31:36 +; 2 ms. תרוב Pr 3:30 Kt, תָּרִיב Qr; 3 mpl. יְרִיבֻן Ex 21:18, etc.; Imv. ms. רִיב Mi 6:1; Pr 25:9, רִיבָה ψ 35:1 +, mpl. רִיבוּ Is 1:17; Ho 2:4; Inf. abs. רוֹב Ju 11:25, רֹב Jb 40:2; רִיב Je 50:34 (Ges§ 73d Köi. 509 BaNB 80); cstr. רִיב Is 3:13; Jb 9:3 + Ju 21:22 Qr (Kt רוב), רִב Am 7:4; Pr 25:8; Pt. רָב Is 19:20 +;—strive: 1. involving bodily struggle Ex 21:18 (sc. one with another; E); public hostilities, יָדָיו רָב לוֹ Dt 33:7 (with) his hands he strove for it, c. עִם of Israel, הֲרוֹב רָב Ju 11:25 (‖ נִלְחַם). 2. with words, c. ב pers., Gn 31:36 (E), Ex 17:2a (J) Ju 6:32, so (in fig.) Ho 2:4 cf. v 4; often = quarrel, c. עִם pers. Gn 26:20; Ex 17:2b; Nu 20:3 (all J), Ne 13:25; subj. God Jb 9:3; 13:19; 23:6; also 40:2 (עִם of God; on inf. abs. v. Ges§ 114ee), in gen. Pr 3:30; c. אֵת pers. Ju 8:1; Ne 5:7; 13:11, 17, subj. י׳ Is 49:25 (cf. i. יָרִיב infr.), ψ 35:1 (‖ לָחַם); אֵת of י׳ Is 45:9 (pt. one striving), Nu 20:13 (P); c. עַל rei Gn 26:21, 22; abs. = find fault Ho 4:4 (‖ הוֹכִיחַ). Especially 3. conduct a (legal) case, suit, usually fig., י׳ sub.; Is 3:13 (‖ דִּין), 57:16 (‖ קָצַף), ψ 103:9 (נָטַר [אַף]), cf. קֹרֵא לָרִב בָּאֵשׁ Am 7:4; c. acc. pers. with whom (unfriendly sense), Jb 10:2; Is 27:8; c. acc. cogn. רִיב in good sense, = take one’s part, 1 S 24:15 (Gi; v 16 van d. H. Baer; ‖ שָׁפַט), Mi 7:9; Je 50:34 (רִיב יָרִיב אֶת־רִיבָם, inf. cstr. = inf. abs., v. supr.), 51:36 (‖ נקם), La 3:58; Pr 22:23 ψ 43:1 (+ מִגּוֹי; ‖ שָׁפַט), 119:154 (+ גָּאַל), also 74:22 (God, his own cause); + מִיַד pers. against whom 1 S 25:39 (of vengeance); + אֵת pers. against whom Pr 23:11, so (without acc. cogn.) Is 50:8 Je 2:9(×2); cf. אוֹת²" dir="rtl" >אֶת־ הֶהָרִים Mi 6:1 (II. אֵת 1 c; 𝔊 πρός, whence We Now אֶל־ in the presence of, but on רִיב אֶל v. 4); ר׳ = plead, c. ל pers. for whom Ju 6:31(×3) Jb 13:8, c. acc. pers. for whom Is 1:17, of God 51:22, cf. Dt 33:8 (obscure, v. Dr); of human disputes Pr 25:8, רִיבְךָ ר׳ אֶת־רֵעֶ֑ךָ v 9. 4. = make complaint, c. אֶל pers. unto and against whom Ju 21:22; Je 2:29; 12:1; Jb 33:13. Hiph. Pt. sf. מריבו 1 S 2:10 Kt (Qr מְּרִיבָיו), i.e. (those) displaying contention against him (י׳), cf. pl. cstr. וְעַמְּךָ כִמְרִיבֵי כֹהֵן Ho 4:4, obscure; RSProph. 406 מָרוּ בִי thy people have rebelled against me, O priest! Beck Wü We GASm וְעַמִּי כִּכְמָרָיו הַכֹּהֵן (הַכּ׳ as voc., and [by some] joined to v 5); HermannSK, 1879, 516 וְעִמְּךָ עמרִיבִי הַכּ׳, cf. Oort (רִיבִי); Ruben Crit. Rem. ad loc. וְעַמִּי כָמוֹךָ הַכּ׳, so Now.—וַיָּרֶב 1 S 15:5 v. אָרַב" dir="rtl" >ארב Hiph.

σοφία, Ionic dialect -ιη, ἡ, properly cleverness or skill in handicraft and art, as in carpentry, τέκτονος, ὅς ῥά τε πάσης εὖ εἰδῇ σ. Refs 8th c.BC+; of the Telchines, Refs 5th c.BC+; ἡ ἔντεχνος σ., of Hephaestus and Athena, Refs 5th c.BC+; of Daedalus and Palamedes, Refs 5th c.BC+; in music and singing, τέχνῃ καὶ σ. Refs 6th c.BC+; in medicine or surgery, Refs 5th c.BC+; ἡ περὶ Ὁμήρου σ. Refs 4th c.BC+: rare in plural, Refs 5th c.BC+ __2 skill in matters of common life. sound judgement, intelligence, practical wisdom, etc., such as was attributed to the seven sages, like{φρόνησις}, Refs 6th c.BC+; ἡ τῶν δεινῶν σ., opposed to ἀμαθία, Refs 5th c.BC+; τὴν τότε καλουμένην σ., οὖσαν δὲ δεινότητα πολιτικὴν καὶ δραστήριον σύνεσιν Refs 1st c.AD+; also, cunning, shrewdness, craft, Refs 5th c.BC+; τὸ λοιδορῆς αι θεοὺς ἐχθρὰ σ. Refs 5th c.BC+ __3 learning, wisdom, μείζω τινὰ ἢ κατ᾽ ἄνθρωπον σοφίαν σοφοί Refs 5th c.BC+; frequently in Refs 5th c.BC+; τὸ σοφὸν οὐ σοφία (see. σοφός Refs 4th c.BC+, speculative wisdom, “EN” 1141a19, Refs; defined as θείων τε καὶ ἀνθρωπίνων ἐπιστήμη, Refs; but also of natural philosophy and mathematics, σ. τις καὶ ἡ φυσική Refs 4th c.BC+ __4 among the Jews, ἀρχὴ σοφίας φόβος Κυρίου LXX; Σοφία, recognized first as an attribute of God, was later identified with the Spirit of God,LXX __5 later as a title, ἡ ὑμετέρα, ἡ ὑμῶν σ., Refs 6th c.AD+

διώκω, Epic dialect infinitive διωκέμεναι, -έμεν (see. below): future -ξωRefs 7th c.BC+aorist ἐδίωξα: aorist 2 ἐδιώκαθον (see. διωκάθω): perfect δεδίωχα Refs 4th c.BC+ —middle (see. below):—passive, future διωχθήσομαι Refs 1st c.BC+; but διώξομαι in passive sense, LXX+1st c.BC+: aorist ἐδιώχθην Refs 5th c.BC+: perfect δεδίωγμαι NT; see at {δίω}):—cause to run, set in quick motion, opposed to φεύγω: __1 pursue, chase, in war or hunting, φεύγοντα διώκειν Refs 8th c.BC+ —middle, διώκεσθαί τινα πεδίοιο, δόμοιο, chase one over or across.., Refs 8th c.BC+ __1.b with accusative person, of a lover, Refs 7th c.BC+ [same place]; follow, NT+5th c.BC+ __2 pursue an object, seek after, ἀκίχητα διώκειν Refs 8th c.BC+; ἡδονήν, τὸ ἀγαθὸν καὶ καλόν, Refs 5th c.BC+; ἀλήθειανNT+4th c.BC+; of plants, δ. τοὺς ξηροὺς τόπους seek them, Refs 4th c.BC+; δ. τὰ συμβάντα or τὸ συμβαῖνον follow or wait for the event, Refs 4th c.BC+:—middle, διώκεσθαι τὸ πλέον ἔχειν Refs 1st c.BC+; μοῖρα διωξαμένη [αὐτούς] Refs __3 pursue an argument, τὴν ἐναντίωσιν Refs 5th c.BC+; also, describe, ὕμνῳ ἀρετάς Refs 5th c.BC+; recite, λόγον Refs __II drive or chase away, διώκω οὔτιν᾽ ἔγωγε I don't force any one away, Refs 8th c.BC+; banish, Refs.έ: metaphorically, διώκεις μ᾽ ᾗ μάλιστ᾽ ἐγὼ σφάλην you push or press me.., Refs 5th c.BC+ __III of the wind, drive a ship, Refs 8th c.BC+; of rowers, impel, speed on her way, ῥίμφα διώκοντες (i.e. τὴν νῆα)Refs; Συριηγενὲς ἅρμα διώκων driving it, Oracle texts cited in Refs 5th c.BC+ __III.2 seemingly intransitive, drive, drive on, Refs 8th c.BC+; gallop, run, etc., uncertain in Refs 5th c.BC+on the march, Refs 4th c.BC+ __III.3 urge, impel, βέλος χερί Refs 5th c.BC+; especially of music, δ. μοῦσαν Pratin.Refs 4th c.BC+:—passive, ὑφ᾽ ἡδονῆς διώκομαι.. σὺν τάχει μολεῖν Refs 5th c.BC+ __III.4 of work, urge on, carry forward, σκαφήτρους Refs 1st c.AD+ __III.5 perfect participle passive δεδιωγμένος hurried, rapid, σφυγμοί Refs 2nd c.AD+ __IV as law-term, prosecute, ὁ διώκων the prosecutor, opposed to ὁ φεύγων, the defendant, Refs 5th c.BC+; ὁ διώκων τοῦ ψηφίσματος τὸ λέγειν.., he who impeaches the clause in the decree.., Refs 5th c.BC+indict, Refs 5th c.BC+: with genitive criminis, accuse of.., prosecute for.., δ. τινὰ τυραννίδος Refs 5th c.BC+; φόνον τινὸς δ. avenge another's murder, Refs 5th c.BC+; δίκην δ. pursue one's rights at law, Refs 5th c.BC+: with accusative et infinitive, accuse one of doing, Refs 2nd c.AD+:—passive, ὁ διωκόμενος Refs 5th c.BC+ __V persecute, NT

† מָרָה vb. be contentious, refractory, rebellious (NH id., Hiph.; Arabic مَرَىَ iii. dispute with; Syriac ܡܰܪܺܝ Pa. contend with);— Qal Pf. 3 ms. מָרָה 1 K 13:26; f. מָֽרְתָה Ho 14:1; מָרָ֑תָה Je 4:17; 2 ms. מָרִיתָ 1 K 13:21 + 11 times pf.; Inf. abs. מָרוֹ La 1:20; Pt. מֹרֶה 2 K 14:26 (but read מר, √ מרר, Kmp Kau כִּי מַר הוּא); מוֹרֶה Dt 21:18 + 3 times; f. מֹרְאָה Zp 3:1 (read מֹרָה; metapl. form according to Ges§ 75 R. 22); pl. מֹרִים Nu 20:10;—be disobedient, rebellious: 1. בֵּן סוֹרֵר וּמֹרֶה Dt 21:18, 20 stubborn and rebellious son (towards father). 2. elsewhere towards God: דֹּר סוֹרֵר וּמֹרֶה ψ 78:8; לֵב סורר ומ׳ Je 5:23; מוֹרְאָה ונגאלה הָעִיר Zp 3:1; הַמֹּרִים Nu 20:10 ye rebels (P); abs. Is 50:5; 63:10 La 1:20(×2); ‖ מאן Is 1:20; פשׁע La 3:42; c. בְּ pers. Ho 14:1 ψ 5:11, elsewhere acc. pers. Je 4:17; י׳’s words ψ 105:28; פי (את) מרה Nu 20:24; 27:14 (P), 1 S 12:15 1 K 13:21, 26 (D2) La 1:18.—In Ho 4:4 read perhaps מָרוּ בִי have rebelled against me (for MT כִּמְרִיבֵי), so RSProph. iv. n. 8 Che (for other views v. ריב). Hiph. Pf. 3 mpl. הִמְרוּ ψ 106:33; 107:11; Impf. יַמְרֶה Jos 1:18; f. וַתֶּ֫מֶר Ez 5:6; 2 ms. תַּמֵּר (as if √ מרר) Ex 23:21, read תֶּ֫מֶר Di al.; 3 mpl. יַמְרוּ ψ 106:43 + 6 times; sf. יַמְרוּהוּ ψ 78:40; 2 mpl. תַּמְרוּ 1 S 12:14 + 3 times; Inf. cstr. לַמְרוֹת Is 3:8 ψ 78:17; sf. הַמְּרוֹתָם (Ges§ 20. 2 b) Jb 17:2; Pt. pl. מַמְרִים Dt 9:7 + 2 times;—shew disobedience, rebelliousness, always toward God: abs. Ne 9:26 (‖ מרד), ψ 106:7, 43 Jb 17:2; c. בְּ pers. Ex 23:21 Ez 20:8, 13, 21; עִם Dt 9:7, 24; 31:27; elsewhere acc. of God or his commands: Is 3:8 Ez 5:6 ψ 78:17, 40, 56; 107:11; המרה את פי Dt 1:26, 43; 9:23 Jos 1:18 1 S 12:14 (D2), את־רוחוֹ ψ 106:33 (cf. Eph 4:30); perhaps 139:20 (v. אָמַר 1).

† קָשַׁר vb. bind, league together, conspire (NH id., bind, join, קֶשֶׁר knot; 𝔗 קְטַר, Syriac ܩܛܰܪ bind (ט for ת after ק) NöZMG xl.735, who cp. also (‘perhaps’) Arabic قَسَرَ force to do a thing, Ethiopic ቈጸረ: bind);— Qal Pf. 3 ms. קָשַׁר Am 7:10; 1 K 16:16; 2 ms. sf. וּקְשַׁרְתָּם consec. Dt 6:8, etc.; Impf. 3 ms. וַיִּקְשֹׁר 1 K 15:27 +, וַיִּקְשָׁר־ 2 K 15:30, etc.; Imv. ms. sf. קָשְׁרֵם Pr 3:3 +; Pt. act. pl. קשְׁרִים 2 S 15:31 +; pass. fs. קְשׁוּרָה Gn 44:30; Pr 22:15; pl. קְשֻׁרִים Gn 30:42;— 1. bind: a. lit., c. acc. rei + עַל Gn 38:28 (J), Je 51:63, + ב, Jos 2:18, 21 (JE); bind, confine, c. acc. רֵים Jb 39:10 (+ בְּתֶלֶם), acc. of crocod. 40:29. b. fig., c. acc. + עַל Dt 6:8; 11:18; Pr 3:3; 6:21; 7:3 (all of religious and moral precepts); c. ב, נַפְשׁוֹ קְשׁוּרָה בְנַפְשׁוֹ Gn 44:30 his life is bound up with his [viz. the boy’s] life (J; of strong affection); אִוֶּלֶת ק׳ בְלֶב־נָ֑עַר Pr 22:15. c. pt. pass. vigorous (proposes well-knit; opp. עֲטֻפִים) Gn 30:42 (J) 2. league together, conspire: c. על pers. against 1 S 22:8, 13; Am 7:10; 1 K 15:27; 16:9; 2 K 10:9; 15:10, 25; 21:23, 24 = 2 Ch 33:24, 25; 2 Ch 24:21; c. acc. cogn. קֶשֶׁר, 1 K 16:20; 2 K 12:21; 15:15, + עַל pers. 14:19 = 2 Ch 25:27; 2 K 15:30; abs. 1 K 16:16; Ne 4:2 (+ inf. purpose); c. עִם, together with, 2 S 15:31. Niph. Pf. 3 fs. נִקְשְׁרָה 1 S 18:1 the life of Jonathan was bound up with the life of D. (Qal 1 b); Impf. 3 fs. וַתִּקָּשֵׁר כ��ּל־הַחוֹמָה Ne 3:38 all the wall was joined together (the circuit complete). Pi. Impf. 1. bind on (as ornament), 2 fs. sf. וּתְקַשְּׁרִים Is 49:18 (fig.; ‖ תִּלְבְּשִׁי). 2. bind fast, 2 ms. (הַ)תְקַשֵּׁר מַעֲדַנּוֹת כִּימָה Jb 38:31 canst thou bind fast the bands of the Pleiades? Pu. Pt. הַצֹּאן הַמְּקֻשָּׁרוֹת Gn 30:41 (J), = Qal 1 c. Hithp. conspire: Pf. 3 pl. הִתְקַשְּׁרוּ עַל־ 2 Ch 24:25 (‖ 2 K 12:21 Qal 2); Impf. 3 ms. וַיִּתְקַשֵּׁר אֶל־ 2 K 9:14; Pt. pl. הַמִּתְקַשְּׁרִים עָלָיו 2 Ch 24:26.

† I. נֵ֫צַח n.m. La 3:18 eminence, enduring, everlastingness, perpetuity (לנצח Ecclus 40:14 as 4 infr.);—נֵ֫צַח 1 S 15:29 + 3 times; נֶ֫צַח Am 1:11 + 36 times; sf. נִצְחִי La 3:18; pl. נְצָחִים Is 34:10;— 1. eminence: נצח ישׂראל the Eminence of Israel (י׳) 1 S 15:29 (DrSam 98 glory of Israel); attribute of God 1 Ch 29:11 (‖ הוד, תפארת et al.). 2. enduring of life, and so life itself as enduring: אָבַד נִצְחִי La 3:18 my endurance doth vanish (De sap of life, v. ii. נ׳). 3. endurance in time: משׁאות נ׳ ψ 74:3 perpetual desolations; לנ׳ יְדַבֵּר Pr 21:28 speaketh continually (?; v. Toy); עד־נ׳ ψ 49:20 unto the end (a long duration), so Jb 34:36. 4. everlastingness, ever, usually לָנֶצַח for ever, 2 S 2:26; Is 13:20; 25:8; 28:28; 33:20; 57:16 Je 3:5; 50:39 Am 8:7; Hb 1:4 ψ 9:7, 19; 10:11; 44:24; 49:10; 52:7; 68:17; 74:1, 10, 19; 77:9; 79:5; 89:47; 103:9 Jb 4:20; 14:20; 20:7; 23:7; 36:7 La 5:20; לנצח נצחים (cf. עולם עולמים) Is 34:10; seldom abbr. נֶצַח Am 1:11 (לָנ׳ 𝔊 We Now GASm), Je 15:18 ψ 13:2; 16:11.

† אָרַב vb. lie in wait (Arabic أَرُبَ i. was crafty, iii. went obliquely Dozy (knot) Frey)— Qal Pf. וְאָרַב consec. Dt 19:11 וַאֲרַבְתֶּם Ju 21:20; אָרָֽבְתִּי׃ Jb 31:9; אָֽרְבוּ ψ 59:4 La 4:19; Impf. יֶאֱרֹב ψ 10:9(×2); יֶאֱרֹ֑בוּ Pr 1:18; Mi 7:2; וַיֶּֽאֶרְבוּ Ju 9:34; 16:2; נֶֽאֶרְבָה Pr 1:11; Imv. אֱרֹב Ju 9:32; Inf. אֱרָב־ Pr 12:6; Pt. אֹרֵב Jos 8:2 + 11 times; אוֹרֵב Jos 8:12 + 4 times; אֹרְבִים Jos 8:4 + 2 times;—lie in wait (with hostile purpose), abs. Ju 9:32, 43 + 21:20; Jb 31:9; ψ 10:9; Pr 7:12; 23:28; 1 S 22:8, 13; La 3:10 (of bear, cf. ψ 10:9); c. inf. of purpose ψ 10:9; c. acc. א׳ דָּם Pr 12:6; c. עַל, and pers. against whom Ju 9:34; usually c. ל Dt 19:11; Mi 7:2; Ju 16:2; ψ 59:4; Pr 1:11, 18; 24:15; La 4:19 cf. Jos 8:2, 4, 14; Pt. as subst. = liers-in-wait (pl.) Ju 20:29; usually sg. coll. ambush Jos 8:2, 12, 14, 19, 21; Ju 16:9, 12; 20:33, 36, 37(×2), 38 Ezr 8:31; pl. of this sing. = ambuscades Je 51:12; sg. = place of lying-in-wait, ambush (loc. sense) Jos 8:7. Pi. Pt. pl. מְאָֽרְבִים liers-in-wait. Qal Pt. Ju 9:25 (c. ל), 2 Ch 20:22 (c. עַל).? Hiph. Impf. וַיָּרֶב בנחל (for וַיַּאֲרֶב) 1 S 15:5 (cf. Dr Köi 390; Ges-Kau§68. 2 queries) but text dub.; cf. Ol§ 257 b, & Klo, who proposes ויעבר בנחל.

† פָּשַׁע vb. rebel, transgress (NH id.; Syriac ܦܫܰܥ is be terrified, ܦܫܺܝܥܳܐ tepid, insipid);— Qal Pf. 3 ms. פ׳ 2 K 3:7 +, 2 fs. פָּשַׁ֫עַתְּ Zp 3:11; פָּשָׁ֑עַתְּ Je 3:13, etc.; Impf. יִפְשַׁע Pr 28:21 + 8 times Impf.; Imv. mpl. פִּשְׁעוּ Am 4:4; Inf. abs. פָּשֹׁעַ Is 59:13; cstr. פְּשֹׁעַ Am 4:4; Ez 10:13; Pt. פֹּשֵׁעַ Is 48:8; פֹּשְׁעִים Is 1:28 +, etc.;— 1. rebel, revolt, of nations, c. בְּ against, 1 K 12:19; 2 K 1:1; 3:5, 7; 2 Ch 10:19; abs. 2 K 8:22, מִתַּחַת יַד v 20, 22 2 Ch 21:8, 10(×2); פָּֽשְׁעוּ בִי Is 1:2 (Isr. under fig. of י׳’s sons). 2. transgress against God, abs. Is 1:28; 46:8; 48:8; 53:12(×2) Ho 14:10; Am 4:4(×2); La 3:42 Dn 8:23 ψ 37:38; 51:15, for (עַל) a bit of bread Pr 28:21; בַּדָּבָר הַזֶּה Ezr 10:13 in this thing; עַל תּוֹרָתִי Ho 8:1; elsewhere c. בְּ against God: פ׳ ב׳ Is 43:27; 59:13; 66:24; Je 2:8, 29; 3:13; 33:8; Ez 2:3; 20:38; Ho 7:13; פְּשָׁעִים אשׁר פ׳ ב 1 K 8:50; Ez 18:31; עלילות אשׁר פ׳ ב Zp 3:11. Niph. Pf. 3 ms. אָח נִפְשַׁע (van d. H. Pt. נִפְשָׁע) a brother (who has been) offended Pr 18:19, but very dubious, cf. Toy.

ἐχθρός, ά, όν, (ἔχθος) hated, hateful, of persons and things, frequently from Refs 8th c.BC+; ἐ. γάρ μοι κεῖνος ὁμῶς Ἀΐδαο πύλῃσι Refs 8th c.BC+; ἐχθρὸν δέ μοί ἐστιν c.infinitive, 'tis hateful to me to.., Refs 8th c.BC+; compare θεοισεχθρός. __II active, hating, hostile, first in Refs 8th c.BC+ averse from insolence, Refs 5th c.BC+ __III as substantive, ἐχθρός, ὁ, enemy, where the active and passive senses frequently coincide, Refs 8th c.BC+ is one who has been φίλος, but is alienated; πολέμιος one who is at war; δυσμενής one who has long been alienated and refuses to be reconciled. __IV regular comparative ἐχθρότερος Refs 4th c.BC+; superlative -ότατος Refs 5th c.BC+ __V adverb ἐχθρῶς, μισοῦντες Refs 5th c.BC+: comparative -οτέρως Refs 4th c.BC+: superlative -ότατα Refs

νῑκάω, Ionic dialect νικέω NT+4th c.BC+; Aeolic dialect νίκημι Refs 3rd c.BC+; also in imperfect νίκη conjecture in Refs 5th c.BC+: Epic dialect imperfect 1st pers. plural νικάσκομεν Refs 8th c.BC+future -ήσω, later -ήσομαιRefs 4th c.AD+; Doric dialect 2nd pers. singular νικαξῇ variant in Refs 3rd c.BC+perfect νενίκηκα, etc.: (νίκη): __I absolutely, conquer, prevail in battle, in the games, or in any contest, Refs 8th c.BC+; ὁ νικήσας the conqueror,Refs 5th c.BC+; ὁ νικηθείς the conquered, Refs 8th c.BC+; ἐνίκησα καὶ δεύτερος καὶ τέταρτος ἐγενόμην I won the first prize [at Olympia], etc., Refs 5th c.BC+: present frequently in sense, to be (or be proclaimed) conqueror, Refs 5th c.BC+; νικᾶν πᾶσι τοῖς κριταῖς or ἑνὶ κριτῇ in their opinion, Refs 5th c.BC+; πολὺ ν. win a decisive victory, Refs 5th c.BC+ in boxing, Refs 8th c.BC+; ἵππῳ Refs 5th c.BC+ he won all the bouts, Refs 8th c.BC+; τὰ κοῦφα, τὰ μείζοναν., Refs 5th c.BC+; ναυμαχίαν, μάχας, Refs 5th c.BC+ to be conqueror in the Olympian games, Refs 5th c.BC+; πολλοὺς ἀγῶνας οὐ παγκρατίῳ μόνον, κτλ., Refs 1st c.AD+; Ὀλυμπίασι παῖδας στάδιον ν. conquer in the boys' race in the stadium at Olympia, Refs 4th c.BC+ Diog.Cyn. cited in Refs 3rd c.AD+: also in Attic dialect Inscrr. with genitive, Λεωντὶς ἀνδρῶν ἐνίκα Refs win a victory, Refs 5th c.BC+; also ν. τρίποδα win it, Refs 4th c.BC+ __I.2 prevail, be superior, μύθοισιν, ἔγχεϊ, Refs 8th c.BC+; κάλλει ἐνίκα (i.e. κρητήρ) Refs 8th c.BC+: with participle, εὐεργετῶν ν. Refs 5th c.BC+ __I.3 of opinions, etc., βουλὴ κακὴ νίκησεν the evil counsel prevailed, Refs 8th c.BC+; ἐκ τῆς νικώσης [γνώμης] according to the prevailing opinion, vote of the majority, Refs 5th c.BC+is carried, Refs 5th c.BC+: frequently of orators, νικᾷ.. ὁ κακὸς ἐν πλήθει λέγων Refs 5th c.BC+ it was resolved, with infinitive, ἐνίκα μὴ ἐκλιπεῖν τὴν πόλιν it was carried not.., Refs 5th c.BC+; ἐνίκησε.. λοιμὸν εἰρῆσθαι it was the prevailing opinion that.., Refs 5th c.BC+; ἐν δημοκρατίᾳ νικᾷ ζῆν it is preferable.., Refs 5th c.BC+ __I.4 with infinitive, succeed in.., ἐνίκησε σκορπίσαι Refs __I.5 as law-term, ν. τὴν δίκην win one's cause, Refs 5th c.BC+; νικήσεις ἐν τῷ κρίνεσθαί σε NT:—passive, with genitive, αἴ κα νικαθῇ τῶν ἐνεχύρων Refs 5th c.BC+; see below 11. __II with accusative, conquer, vanquish, Ἕκτορα Refs 8th c.BC+; πάντα ν. ἄνδρα.. κακοῖσιν surpass him in miseries, Refs 5th c.BC+; μὴ φῦναι τὸν ἅπαντα νικᾷ λόγον excels the whole account, NT+5th c.BC+:—passive, ἔστιν ἃ τῶν ἄθλων δὶς ἕκαστος ἐνικήθη Refs 5th c.BC+: with participle, ν. ἀλεξόμενός τινα Refs __II.b as law-term Refs 8th c.BC+:—passive, ἧ δέ κα νικαθῇ Refs; also of objects in dispute, damages, etc., recover, Refs:—passive, to be assigned, adjudicated, Refs __II.2 generally, overpower, especially of passions, etc., νόον νίκησε νεοίη Refs 8th c.BC+; βαρεῖαν ἡδονὴν νικᾶτέ με grievous is the pleasure ye win prevailing over me, Refs 5th c.BC+infinitive, μηδ᾽ ἡ βία σε.. νικησάτω τοσόνδε μισεῖν let not violence prevail on thee to.., Refs weighs with me more than enmity, from the comparable force in νικᾷ, Refs __II.3 passive, to be vanquished, Refs 8th c.BC+participle νικηθείς (see. above Refs; νικᾶσθαι ὕπνῳ, κέρδεσιν, Refs 5th c.BC+ with genitive of comparison, to be inferior, yield to, Refs 5th c.BC+; ξείνων νενίκανται θύραι the doors give way to the guests, Refs 5th c.BC+

† שָׂטָן n.m. ψ 109:6 1. adversary. 2. Satan (NH שָׂטָן, סָטָן; Aramaic שָׂטָנָא, סָטָנָא, Syriac ܣܳܛܳܢܳܐ (Hebr.); NH vb. סָטַן, Aramaic סְטַן; Arabic شَطَنَ is be remote, especially from the truth, and from the mercy of God; شَيْطَانٌ Satan, Ethiopic ሰይጣን );— 1. adversary, in gen., personal or national; (ל) הָיָה לְשׂ׳ Nu 22:22 (JE), 1 S 29:4 (cf. NesMarg. 15), 2 S 19:23, יָצָא לְשׂ׳ Nu 22:32 (JE); שׂ׳ 1 K 5:18; 11:25; הֵקִים שׂ׳ ל, subj. God 1 K 11:14, 23, cf. ψ 109:6 (‖ רָשָׁע). 2. superhuman adversary, הַשּׂ׳: a. of Job, one of בְּנֵי הָאֱלֹהִים Jb 1:6, 7(×2), 8, 9, 12(×2); 2:1, 2(×2), 3, 4, 6, 7. b. of h. p. of Isr. bef. י׳, Zc 3:1, 2(×2); 𝔊 ὁ διάβολος. c. as n.pr. שׂ׳ Satan 1 Ch 21:1 (interpr. 2 S 24:1), 𝔊 διάβολος (𝔊 σατάν †1 K 11:14, 23; Σατανᾶς Mt 4:10; Mk 1:13; Lk 10:18 + 33 times NT).

στρᾰτῐώτ-ης, ου, ὁ: vocative στρατιῶτα Refs 4th c.BC+: (στρατιά):— soldier, Refs 5th c.BC+; σ. μισθωσάμενος, of Pisistratus, Refs 4th c.BC+; ἄνδρες σ., in a speech, Refs 5th c.BC+; collectively, in singular, ὁ πολὺς ὅμιλος καὶ σ. Refs; also of soldiers serving on ship-board, Refs __2 later, professional soldier,= μισθοφόρος, Refs 4th c.BC+; soldier in Ptolemaic and Roman Egypt, Refs 3rd c.BC+; Κάσσανδρος τῶν Ἀπολλωνίου στρατιωτῶν Refs 3rd c.BC+ __II water-lettuce (σ. ἔνυδρος Refs 2nd c.AD+, Pistia Stratiotes, Refs 4th c.BC+; σ. χιλιόφυλλος, Achillea Millefolium, yarrow or milfoil, Refs

† [מָרַד] vb. rebel (NH id.; Arabic مَرَدَ be bold and audacious in acts of rebellion or disobedience; Ethiopic መረደ run strenuously, attack; መራድ rebellion, PräBeiträge iii. 44; Sab. מרד rebellion Hal 535, 16 Sab.Denkm.38 HomChrestom. 127; Aramaic ܡܪܰܕ, מְרַד; rebel);— Qal Pf. 3 ms. מָרָ֑ד 2 Ch 36:13, 2 ms. מָרַדְתָּ 2 K 18:20=Is 36:5, etc.; Impf. וַיִּמְרֹד 2 K 18:7 + 3 times, וַיִּמְרָד־ 2 K 24:1 Ez 17:15, etc.; Inf. cstr. לִמְרֹד Jos 22:29, לִמְרוֹד Ne 6:6; Pt. pl. מֹרְדִים Ne 2:19 Ez 20:38, מוֹ׳ Ez 2:3; cstr. מֹרְדֵי Jb 24:13;—rebel, revolt: 1. against human king, c. בְּ pers. 2 K 18:7, 20=Is 36:5, 2 K 24:1, 20=Je 52:3, cf. Ez 17:15 2 Ch 36:13, Ne 9:26; less often (late) c. עַל pers. 2 Ch 13:6 Ne 2:19; abs. Gn 14:4 Ne 6:6. 2. against God, c. בְּ Nu 14:9 (JE), Jos 22:16, 18, 29 (all P), Ez 2:3 (Co מָרוּ), Dn 9:9; abs. Ez 2:3 (pt., Co מורים), 20:38 Dn 9:5, c. את Jos 22:19. 3. poet., against light, only מֹרְדֵי אוֹר Jb 24:13.

† III. צָרַר vb. shew hostility toward, vex (NH צַר foe; Arabic ضَرَّ harm, damage, Sab. צֿר war, foe MordtmHim. Inschr. 60. 71 SabDenkm 24 CIS iv. 174, 1. 6 HomChrest. 125; Ethiopic ፀረረ be hostile, in der. spec. and deriv.; Assyrian ṣarâru, be hostile, ṣarru, foe; Arabic ضَرَّةٌ, Assyrian ṣirritu, Syriac ܥܰܪܬܳܐ, all = rival-wife, so (? Heb. infl.) 𝔗 צָרָא 1 S 1:6; v. especially Lag Deceased Wife’s Sister, GGN, 1882, No. 13; = Mi. 125 ff. Dr 1 S 1:6);— Qal Pf. 3 pl. וְצָֽרֲרוּ Nu 33:55 consec., sf. צְרָרוּנִי ψ 129:1, 2; Impf. 3 ms. יָצֹר Is 11:13; Inf. abs. צָרוֹר Nu 25:17; Pt. act. צֹרֵר 10:9, pl. sf. צֹרֲרַי ψ 31:12 +, etc.;—shew hostility toward, treat with enmity, vex, harass, c. acc. pers. Is 11:13; Nu 10:9; 25:17; once c. ל pers. v 18; also pt. as subst. (cstr. or c. sf.) vexer, harasser, Am 5:12; Is 11:13; Ex 23:22 (E), ψ 6:8; 7:5, 7; 8:3; 10:5; 23:5; 31:12; 42:11; 69:20; 74:4, 23; 143:12; Est 3:10; 8:1; 9:10, 24.—Lv 18:18 v. [צָרַר" dir="rtl" >צָרַר] sub צָרָה³" dir="rtl" >ii. צָרָה, infr.

† מְרִי n.m. Pr 17:11 rebellion;—מְרִי Is 30:9 + 10 times; מֶ֑רִי Nu 17:25 + 9 times; sf. מֶרְיְךָ Dt 31:27; מִרְיָם Ne 9:17;—rebellion Dt 31:27 1 S 15:23 Ne 9:17 Jb 23:2 עם מרי rebellious people Is 30:9; בית (ה)מרי rebellious house (referring to Israel) Ez 2:5, 6, 8; 3:9, 26, 27; 12:2(×2), 3, 9, 25; 17:12; 24:3, בית omitted (restored by Co) 2:7; 44:6; בְּנֵי מרי rebellious sons Nu 17:25 (P); with omission of בֵּן (or abstr. for concrete), אל תהי מֶ֑רִי be not a rebellious person Ez 2:8; אך מרי יבקּשׁ רע a rebellious man seeketh only evil Pr 17:11.

πόλεμος, and Epic dialect πτόλεμος, ὁ, war, Refs 8th c.BC+; also, battle, fight, Refs, etc.; even of single combat,Refs; π. καὶ δηϊοτῆτος Refs 8th c.BC+; ὁ τῶν βαρβάρων π. Refs 5th c.BC+; ὁ μέλλων καὶ ὅσον οὐ παρὼν π.Refs 5th c.BC+; Δωριακὸς π. Oracle texts cited in Refs 5th c.BC+; πόλεμον ἄρασθαι levy war, Refs 5th c.BC+; π. κινεῖν, ἐγεῖραι, Refs 5th c.BC+; π. ποιεῖν make war, Refs; π. ποιεῖσθαι carry it on, Refs 5th c.BC+; π. καταλύεσθαι put an end to it, Refs 5th c.BC+ i.e. that is good news, Refs 5th c.BC+ __II personified, War, Battle, Ἀλαλὰ Πολέμου θύγατερ Refs 5th c.BC+; Π. πάντων μὲν πατήρ ἐστι, πάντων δὲ βασιλεύς Refs 1st c.AD+ __II.2 metaphorically of womankind, πολυτελὴς π. Refs 2nd c.AD+

† קֶ֫שֶׁר n.m. 2 S 15:12 conspiracy;—abs. ק׳ 2 S 15:12 +, קָ֑שֶׁר 2 K 11:14 +; cstr. קֶ֫שֶׁר Ez 22:25 (but v. infr.); sf. קִשְׁרוֹ 1 K 16:20; 2 K 15:15;—conspiracy 2 S 15:12; as acc. cogn. c. קָשַׁר 1 K 16:20; 2 K 12:21; 14:19 = 2 Ch 25:27; 2 K 15:15, 30; וַיִּמְצָא בְּהוֹשֵׁעַ ק׳ 2 K 17:4, נִמְצָא ק׳ בְּאִישׁ וגו׳ Je 11:9; as exclam. 2 K 11:14(×2) = 2 Ch 23:13(×2); Is 8:12(×2) (Gr Lag CheComm. GuKau al. קֹדֶשׁ or קָדשׁ); קֶשֶׁר נְבִיאֶיהָ Ez 22:25, אֲשֶׁר נְשִׂיאֶיהָ Co Toy Krae al. (after 𝔊).

† [גָּרָה] vb. only Pi. stir up strife, Hithp. engage in strife (cf. NH Pi. stir up, excite, against (בְּ) Hithp.; Aramaic Pa. גָּרֵא ܓܰܪܺܝ; especially Assyrian garû, Qal attack, be at war with, gârû, gîrû, enemy, etc. Asrb.Annals iv. 49, 50 (KBii. 190) also SASmithAsrb. i. ii. Gloss.; Arabic جَرَى is run, especially of water, flow, etc.)— Pi. Impf. 3 ms. יְגָרֶה Pr 15:18; 28:25; 29:22, all c. obj. מָדוֹן excite, stir up, strife.—On גֵּרָה Dt 14:8 v. i. גֵּרָה²" dir="rtl" >גֵּרָה sub גֵּרָה²" dir="rtl" >גרר. Hithp. Pf. 2 fs. הִתְגָּרִית Je 50:24; Impf. 3 ms. יִתְגָּרֶה Dn 11:25, וְיִתְגָּרֶ֯ו v 10; 2 ms. תִּתְגָּרֶה 2 K 14:10 2 Ch 25:19; juss. apoc. תִּתְגָּר Dt 2:9, 19; 3 mpl. יִתְגָּרוּ Pr 28:4 Dn 11:10, cf. Dn 11:10 Kt., v. supr.; 2 mpl. תִּתְגָּרוּ Dt 2:5 (juss.); Imv. ms. הִתְגָּר Dt 2:24;— 1. excite oneself against (בְּ pers.), engage in strife with, lit. Dt 2:5, 19, Je 50:24, 2 K 14:10 = 2 Ch 25:19 (sq. בְּרָעָה;—רעה personif. as challenged opponent); also + acc. of manner, מִלְחָמָה Dt 2:9, 24; fig. וְשֹׁמְרֵי תוֹרָה יִתְגָּרוּ בָם Pr 28:4 while they that keep the law are at strife with them, i.e. with those that forsake it. 2. abs., excite oneself (against foe), wage war, only Dn 11; יִתְגָּרוּ וְאָֽסְפוּ הֲמוֹן חֲיָלִים רַבִּים v 10 they shall wage war, etc.; וְיָשֹׁב וְיִתְגָּרֶ֯ו עַד־מָעֻזֹּה v 10 and he shall return and war, even to his stronghold; v 25 sq. לַמִּלְחָמָה + בְּחַיִל גָּדוֹל (instr.)

ἀνθ-ίστημι, set against, Refs 5th c.BC+; ἀ. τροπαῖον set up a trophy in opposition, Refs 5th c.BC+; weigh against, Refs 5th c.BC+; ἀ. τινὸς τὴν ὁλκήν outweigh him, LXX __2 match with, compare, ἀντιστῆσαι καὶ παραβαλεῖνRefs 1st c.AD+ __II Refs 8th c.BC+passive, with intransitive aorist 2 ἀντέστην. aorist 1 passive ἀντεστάθηνRefs 5th c.BC+: perfect ἀνθέστηκαNT; Attic dialect contraction participle ἀνθεστώςRefs 5th c.BC+: future ἀντιστήσομαιRefs 5th c.BC+:—stand against, especially in battle, withstand, Ἥρῃ δ᾽ ἀντέστη.. ἌρτεμιςRefs 8th c.BC+ __II.2 of things, turn out unfavourably to one, ἀντιστάντος αὐτῷ τοῦ πράγματοςRefs 5th c.BC+ __II.3 absolutely, make a stand, ἀλλ᾽ ἔτ᾽ ἄρ᾽ ἀνθίσταντοRefs 8th c.BC+; resist, fight on, Refs 5th c.BC+

† [חָכָה] vb. wait, await— Qal Pt. pl. cstr. חוֹכֵי Is 30:18, with לְ waiting for him (י׳). Pi. חִכָּה Jb 32:4; חִכְּתָה ψ 33:20; חִכִּיתִי Is 8:17; חִכּוּ ψ 106:13; חִכִּינוּ 2 K 7:9; Impf. יְחַכֶּה Is 30:18; תְּחַכֶּה 2 K 9:3; Imv. חַכֵּה־ Hb 2:3; חַכּוּ Zp 3:8; Inf. cstr. כְּחַכֵּי Ho 6:9 (Ephraimit. for חַכֵּה?); Pt. מְחַכֶּה Dn 12:12; cstr. מְחַכֵּה Is 64:3; pl. מְחַכִּים Jb 3:21;— 1. wait, tarry, abs. 2 K 9:3 tarry not; with עַד till morning light 2 K 7:9; c. acc. את איוב בדברים Jb 32:4 tarry for Job with words. 2. wait (in ambush), כְּחַכֵּי אִישׁ גְּדוּדִים Ho 6:9 as marauding bands wait for a man AV RV De, or as marauders lie in wait Hi Ew (taking אישׁ as cstr.) 3. wait for, await, with לְ. for י׳ Is 8:17; 64:3 Zp 3:8 ψ 33:20; for his counsel ψ 106:13; for his vision Hb 2:3; for death Jb 3:21; יחכה יהוה לחננכם Yahweh waiteth to be gracious unto you Is 30:18 (Di regards this as threatening and refers it to 1); abs. waiteth (and cometh to the days of blessedness) Dn 12:12.

† I. מָרַר vb. be bitter (NH id.; Assyrian marâru and deriv. DlHWB 427; Arabic مُرَّ become roused (of bile), ii. make bitter, iv. become bitter; مُرٌّ bitter; Ethiopic መረረ; Aramaic ܡܰܪ, מְרַר);— Qal Pf. 3 ms. מַר Is 38:17 + 2 times; 3 fs. מָ֫רָה 1 S 30:6 2 K 4:27; Impf. 3 ms. יֵמַר Is 24:9;—be bitter: 1. lit. יֵמַר שֵׁכָר לְשֹׁתָיו Is 24:9. 2. fig. מָ֫רָה נֶפֶשׁ 1 S 30:6 the soul of all the people was bitter against (עַל־); נַפְשָׁהּ מָ֫רָה־לָהּ 2 K 4:27 her soul, it is bitter to her (i.e. she is in bitter distress); impers. מַר־לִי מְאֹד מִכֶּם Ru 1:13 it is very bitter to me on your account (I am much distressed), cf. La 1:4.—לְשָׁלוֹם מַר־לִי מָ֑ר Is 38:17 is dub.; Che Comm. for (my) welfare was it (so) bitter to me, (so) bitter, cf. Brd; so De Kau (treating מר appar. as adj.); for my welfare did the bitter become bitter to me (מָ֑ר adj.); Lo Gr, cf. Buhl (sub מַר adj.), read מָר for מַר (√ מור), the bitter is changed for me into welfare; CheHpt. del. מָ֑ר; Du (after 𝔊) del. cl. as gloss. Pi. Impf. i s. אֲמָרֵר Is 22:4; 3 mpl. וַיְמָֽרֲרוּ Ex 1:14, sf. וַיְמָֽרֲרֻהוּ Gn 49:23;—make bitter, shew bitterness:— 1. וַיְמ׳ Gn 49:23 (poem) and the arches shewed bitterness (i.e. bitter hostility) toward him (sf. of indir. obj.); אֲמָרֵר בַּבֶּ֑כִי Is 22:4 I will shew bitterness in weeping (=weep bitterly). 2. וַיְמ׳ אֶת־חַיֵּיהֶם Ex 1:14 (P) and they made their lives bitter by slavery. Hiph. Pf. 3 ms. הֵמַר Ru 1:20 Jb 27:2; Impf. 2 ms. תַּמֵּר Ex 23:21 (but read תֶּ֫מֶר √ מרה Hiph. q.v.); Inf. abs. הָמֵר Zc 12:10(×2);—make bitter, shew bitterness: 1. שַׁדַּי הֵמַר נַפְשִׁי Jb 27:2 Shadday, who hath embittered my soul; הֵמַר שַׁדַּי לִי מְאֹד Ru 1:20. 2. וְהָמֵר עָלָיו כְּהָמֵר עַל־הַבְּכוֹר Zc 12:10(×2) and a bitter outcry (=lit. shewing bitterness; ‖ מִסְפֵּד, סָפַד) over him, like a bitter outcry over the first-born. Hithpalp. Impf. וְיִתְמַרְמַר Dn 11:11 and the king of the south shall embitter himself (be enraged); וַיִּתְמ׳ אֶל־ 8:7 and he was enraged against.

† [צָבָא] vb. wage war, serve (Sab. צֿבא wage war with, also n. army, campaign HomChrest. 125 CIS iv. 299, 1. 2 DHM VOJ i. 28; Ethiopic ጸብአ: (> ፀብአ:) wage war; Assyrian ṣâbu, man, soldier; NöZMG xl (1886), 726 al. cp. (on account of Sab. Ethiopic ץֿ) Arabic ضَبَأَ conceal oneself, hence lie in wait; this is phonetically suitable, but better in meaning would be صَبَأَ go or come forth (against one), etc., so Thes LagBN 21; Frä232 cp. صَبِىٌّ young man);— Qal Pf. 3 mpl. צָֽבְאוּ Ex 38:8 Zc 14:12; Impf. 3 mpl. יִצְבְּאוּ Nu 31:7; Inf. cstr. לִצְבֹּא Is 31:4; לִצְבֹא Nu 4:23; 8:24; Pt. pl. צֹבְאִים Nu 31:42; Is 29:7, 8; sf. צֹבֶיהָ Is 29:7 (Ges§ 75 oo; Di צָרֶיהָ); fpl. צֹבְאֹת Ex 38:8; צֹבְאוֹת 1 S 2:22;— 1. wage war, fight, c. עַל against, Nu 31:7 (P) Is 29:7, 8; 31:4; Zc 14:12, c. sf. Is 29:7 (?); abs. Nu 31:42 (P). 2. serve at sacred tent, Levites, c. acc. צָבָא Nu 4:23; 8:24 (P); women Ex 38:8(×2) (P) 1 S 2:22. Hiph. Pt. הַמַּצְבִּא אֶת־עַם וגו׳ 2 K 25:19 = Je 52:25 muster.

† תּוּשִׁיָּה n.f. sound, efficient wisdom, abiding success (on der., v. supr.; according to Fl De proposes advancement, or mental aptitude that advances: for the form, cf. תּוּגָה and תַּאֲנִיָּה; Sta§ 262), a technical term of the WisdLt;— a. sound, efficient wisdom Is 28:29 (of י׳) הפליא עצה הגדיל תושׁיה; Pr 3:21 נְצֹר תּ׳ וּמְזִמָּה; 8:14 (Wisdom speaks) לִי עֵצָה ות׳; 18:1 לכל תּ׳ יִתְגַּלָּ֑ע; Jb 11:6 (of י׳: v. Di), 12:16 עִמּוֹ עֹז ות׳; 26:3 ות׳ לָרֹב הוֹדָ֑עְתָּ (‖ יָעַצְתָּ לְלֹא חָכְמָה). b. of the effect of sound wisdom, abiding success (for the combination of meanings, cf. הִשְׂכִּיל to shew wisdom, and also to achieve success), Jb 5:12 ולא תעשׂינה ידיהם ת׳ do not achieve abiding success; 6:13 and abiding success (‖ עֶזְרָתִי) is driven from me; Pr 2:7 יִצְפֹּן לַיְשָׁרִים ת׳; Mi 6:9 ותושׁיה יראה שׁמך, i.e. (si vera l.) he that seeth (heedeth) thy name is well-advised (Ges§ 155, 2 b 3; Dav§ 29 e).—תֻּשִׁיָּה Jb 30:22, v. sub ii. שׁוא²" dir="rtl" >שׁוא.

ἀντιλέγω, Refs 5th c.BC+: future ἀντιλέξωRefs 5th c.BC+: aorist ἀντέλεξαRefs 5th c.BC+perfect ἀντείρηκα: future passive ἀντειρήσομαι:—speak against, gainsay, contradict, τινίRefs 5th c.BC+; ὑπὲρ τῶν δικαίωνRefs 5th c.BC+ —often followed by a dependent clause, ἀ. ὡς.. declare in opposition or answer that.., χρησμοῖσι οὐκ ἔχω ἀντιλέγειν ὡς οὐκ εἰσὶ ἀληθέεςRefs 5th c.BC+infinitive, ἀ. ποιήσειν ταῦτα, ἤν.. to reply that they will.., if.., Refs 5th c.BC+ __2 with accusative of things, ἴσ᾽ ἀντιλέξαιRefs 5th c.BC+; μῦθον ἀ. τινί tell one tale in reply to another, Refs 5th c.BC+:—passive, to be disputed, questioned, Refs 5th c.BC+; of a place, ὑπό τινος ἀντιλεγόμενον counter-claimed,Refs 4th c.BC+points in dispute, Refs 4th c.BC+; πρὸς τὰ ἀντειρημένα κτλ., title of work by Chrysippus, Refs; τόπος ἀντιλλεγόμενος (sic) Refs 2nd c.BC+; of the genuineness of literary works, to be disputed, Refs 1st c.AD+ __3 absolutely, speak in opposition, Refs 5th c.BC+the opponent, LXX+5th c.BC+

† נָגַח vb. push, thrust, gore (NH id.; Arabic نَجَحَ succeed, attain, make progress; 𝔗 as BH);— Qal Impf. יִגַּח Ex 21:28, 31, 32 (E), יִגָּ֑ח v 31;—gore, subj. שׁוֹר, sq. acc. pers. Pi. Impf. יְנַגַּח Dt 33:17; 2 ms. תְּנַגַּח 1 K 22:11 2 Ch 18:10; תְּנַגְּחוּ Ez 34:21; נְנַגֵּחַ ψ 44:6; Pt. מְנַגֵּחַ Dn 8:4;—push or thrush at, sq. acc.: of Joseph under fig. of wild ox Dt 33:17, cf. 1 K 22:11 = 2 Ch 18:10 ψ 44:6 (‖ בּוּס); v. also Ez 34:21 (of Isr. under fig. of sheep), cf. Dn 8:4 (of ram in vision; obj. not expr.). Hithp. Impf. יִתְנַגַּח עִמּוֹ מֶלֶךְ הַנֶּגֶב Dn 11:40 engage in thrusting with, wage war with.

διωγ-μός, ὁ, the chase, Refs 5th c.BC+ __2 pursuit, Refs 1st c.BC+ __II persecution, harassing, in plural, Refs 5th c.BC+; also in later Prose, NT+1st c.AD+

στάσις [ᾰ], εως, ἡ, (ἵστημι) placing, setting, (i.e. δικτύων) Refs 5th c.BC+; erection of a statue, εἰκόνος Refs 3rd c.BC+ __2 standing stone, pillar, LXX __3 erection, building, Refs 3rd c.BC+; ={ἐργαστήριον}, Refs 1st c.BC+ __II (ἵστημι Refs 4th c.BC+ weighing, αὕτη 'στὶ λοιπὴ σφῷν στάσις Refs 5th c.BC+; στάσις μισθοῦ the paying of the doctor's fee, Refs 5th c.BC+ __B (ἵσταμαι) standing, stature, Refs 4th c.BC+; standing still, stationariness, defined as ἀπόφασις τοῦ ἰέναι, Refs 5th c.BC+; rest, as a category of the intelligible, Refs 3rd c.AD+; opposed to ἠρεμία, Refs; ὀμμάτων στάσιες fixed stare, Refs 5th c.BC+; σ. ὤτων pricking of the ears, Refs 2nd c.AD+; σ. τῆς γαστρός constipation, Refs 4th c.AD+; [τοῦ αἵματος] sluggishness, Refs 5th c.BC+; τοῦ ἀέρος,= νηνεμία, Refs 4th c.BC+ __B.2 the place in which one stands or should stand, position, posture, station, ἔχοντες σ. ταύτην ἐς τὴν ἔστημεν Refs 5th c.BC+; λέβης.. φυλάσσων τὴν ὑπὲρ πυρὸς σ. Refs 4th c.BC+; ἰδέσθαι.., τίν᾽ ἔχει σ. Refs 5th c.BC+; τῆς αὐτῆς ἠξιοῦτο σ. Refs 4th c.BC+; σ. ἵππων,= ἱππόστασις, σταθμός, stable, stall, Refs 5th c.BC+; κατὰ τὴν σ. δὴ στάντες standing each in his place, Refs 4th c.BC+; of military formation, κατάπυκνος σ. close order, Refs 1st c.BC+; row, ἀμπέλων Refs 4th c.BC+ __B.2.b position in relation to the compass, ἡ σ. ἤλλακτο τῶν ὡρέων Refs 5th c.BC+ setting of a wind from a quarter, τῶν ἐτησίων ἤδη στάσιν ἐχόντων having set in, Refs 2nd c.BC+; γίνεταί τις ἀνέμου σ. Refs 4th c.BC+ __B.2.c of planetary connexion, Refs 2nd c.AD+ __B.2.d metaphorically, from a boxer's position, ὥσπερ.. ὁρᾶτε τοὺς πύκτας περὶ τῆς σ. ἀλλήλοις διαγωνιζομένους, οὕτω καὶ ὑμεῖς.. ὑπὲρ τῆς πόλεως περὶ τῆς σ. (τάξεως codices, butRefs 4th c.BC+: hence, position taken up by a litigant (especially defendant), Refs 2nd c.BC+; issue, σ. ὁρική, νομική, λογική, etc., Refs 2nd c.AD+ __B.2.e position, opinion of a philosopher, Refs 1st c.AD+ __B.3 position, state, condition of a person, ἐν τῇ καλλίονι στάσει εἶναι Refs 5th c.BC+; especially of moral, social, political position, μειρακιώδης Refs 2nd c.BC+; state of affairs, Refs 3rd c.AD+; ἡ σ. τῆς νόσου Refs 5th c.BC+ __B.4 στάσις μελῶν, explained by Refs 5th c.BC+ __B.II party, company, band, Refs 4th c.BC+ __B.III especially party formed for seditious purposes, faction, Refs 6th c.BC+; αἱ τῶν Μεγαρέων σ. Refs 5th c.BC+ __B.III.2 faction, sedition, discord, Refs 6th c.BC+; σκεπτομένων πόθεν ἡ σ. how the row began, Refs; στάσις ἐν ἀλλήλοισιν ὠροθύνετο a contest, Refs 5th c.BC+; εἰς λόγου στάσιν ἐπελθών Refs 5th c.BC+; opposed to πόλεμος, Refs 6th c.BC+ __B.III.3 division, dissent, στάσιν ἐνέσεσθαι τῇ γνώμῃ Refs 5th c.BC+; οὐδ᾽ ἔνι σ. there's no disputing it, Refs 4th c.BC+ __B.III.4 metaphorically, τὰν ἀνέμων σ. Refs 7th c.BC+ __B.IV στάσεις,= τὰ πεφυκότα σπέρματα, Refs 5th c.BC+ __B.V statute, decree, LXX

—

† קְרָב n.[m.] battle, war (hostile approach; Aramaism = ܩܪܰܒ, קְרָב, cf. LagBN 175);—abs. ק׳ Zc 14:3 +; pl. קְרָבוֹת ψ 68:31;—‖ מִלְחָמָה Jb 38:23 ψ 144:1; יוֹם ק׳ Zc 14:3 ψ 78:9; כְּלֵי ק׳ Ec 9:18; his heart was war ψ 55:22 (v 19 v. √ Qal 1 a); pl. ψ 68:31 peoples that delight in battles.—2 S 17:11 read בְּקִרְבָּם 𝔊 𝔖 𝔙 Th Dr and most.

ἀγων-ίζομαι, future -ῐοῦμαιRefs 5th c.BC+, etc. (in passive sense, see infr. B); -ίσομαι only in late writers, as Refs 3rd c.AD+ -ισθήσομαι Refs 2nd c.AD+: aorist ἠγωνισάμηνRefs 5th c.BC+, etc.: perfect ἠγώνισμαι (in active sense) Id Refs 5th c.BC+ (passive, see infr. B): aorist ἠγωνίσθην in passive sense, infr. B: active form ἀγωνίσαςRefs — __A contend for a prize, especially in the public games, Refs 5th c.BC+; περί τινος about a thing, Refs 5th c.BC+; ἀγῶνα.. τόνδ᾽ ἠγωνίσω thou didst provoke this contest, Refs 5th c.BC+ __2 fight, Refs 5th c.BC+ __3 contend for the prize on the stage, of the rhapsode, Refs 5th c.BC+; of the playwright, Refs 5th c.BC+; of the actor, Refs 4th c.BC+; of the choragus, Refs 4th c.BC+: generally, contend for victory, καλῶς.. ἠγώνισαιRefs 5th c.BC+; argue, ὅλῳ τῷ πράγματι about the question as a whole, Refs; especially argue sophistically, opposed to διαλέγομαι, Refs __4 of public speaking, Refs 5th c.BC+ __II contend in court, as law term, Refs 5th c.BC+ fight a cause to the last, Refs 5th c.BC+; ἀ. ψευδομαρτυριῶν (i.e. γραφήν) Refs 5th c.BC+; ἀ, φόνον fight against a charge of murder, Refs 5th c.BC+; αὐτοῖς ἀ. τοῖς πράγμασιν grapple with the facts of the case, Refs 4th c.BC+ __III generally, struggle, exert oneself, with infinitive, Refs 5th c.BC+ __B passive, to be decided by contest, brought to issue, mostly in perfect, πολλοὶ ἀγῶνες ἀγωνίδαταιRefs 5th c.BC+; τὰ ἠγωνισμένα points at issue, Refs 5th c.BC+present, ὁ ἀγωνιζόμενος νόμος the law on trial, Refs 4th c.BC+; or aorist, δεινὸς.. κίνδυνος ὑπὲρ τῆς.. ἐλευθερίας ἠγωνίσθηRefs 5th c.BC+; ἠγωνίσθη λαμπρῶς (impersonal) Refs 1st c.AD+future middle in passive sense, ἀγωνιεῖται καὶ κριθήσεται τὸ πρᾶγμα shall be brought to issue and determined, Refs 4th c.BC+

ἀντίκειμαι, 3rd.pers.plural ἀντικέαταιRefs 4th c.BC+passive of ἀντιτίθημι:—to be set over against, correspond with, τιμὰ ἀγαθοῖσιν ἀ. is held out to them as a fitting reward, Refs 5th c.BC+ —ἀντικείμενος, ὁ, name of a bandage, Refs 2nd c.AD+ __II to be opposite to, of places, τινόςRefs 5th c.BC+; of things, to be opposite or opposed, πρὸς ἄλληλαRefs 5th c.BC+; ἀ. κατὰ διάμετρον in a circle, Refs 4th c.BC+ adverb -μένως, συνέστηκενRefs __II.2 to be opposed, in various ways, Refs adverb ἀντικειμένωςRefs; propositions are opposed either contradictorily (ἀντιφατικῶς) or contrarily (ἐναντίως), Refs; ἀντικείμενα defined as ὧν τὸ ἕτερον τοῦ ἑτέρου ἀποφάσει πλεονάζειRefs __II.3 Rhet., ἀντικειμένη [λέξις] antithetical, Refs 4th c.BC+ __III resist, be adverse, ἀντικείσομαι τοῖς ἀντικειμένοις σοιLXX+NT; to be hurtful, τοῖς σώμασιRefs 5th c.AD+

† חָכְמָה n.f. wisdom;—ח׳ abs. Dn 2:30 +, emph. חָכְמְתָא Dn 2:20 +, cstr. חָכְמֶת 5:11; Ezr 7:25;—wisdom, attrib. of God Dn 2:20; of gods 5:11; of man 2:30; of God imparted to man Ezr 7:25 (practical wisdom), Dn 2:21; = occult knowledge (v. foregoing) imparted to men v 23; 5:11, 14.

† II. [נָצָה] vb. Niph. Hiph. struggle (NH id., Hithp. (Jastrow928); Aramaic נְצָא, ܢܨܳܐ quarrel; Arabic نَصَا apprehendit, arripuit aliquem antiis suis, Ethiopic ነጸየ vellere, evellere, are perhaps denom. from نَاصِيَةٌ (v. נוֹצָה), so Thes);— Niph. recipr. struggle with each other: Impf. 3 mpl. יִנָּצוּ Ex 21:22 (E), Lv 24:10 (H), 2 S 14:6; יִנּ׳ יַחְדָּו Dt 25:11; Pt. נִצִּים Ex 2:13 (E); all of physical struggle, wrestling, and the like. Hiph. engage in a struggle against: Pf. 3 pl. הִצּוּ Nu 26:9 (עַל); Inf. cstr. sf. הַצֹּתָם v 9 (עַל); הַצּוֹתוֹ אֶת ψ 60:2 (title); only here of war, hence Klo’s suggestion (cf. Buhl 13) הַכּוֹתוֹ is plausible (cf. 2 S 8:3, 5, 9).

† סָרָה n.f. a turning aside, defection, apostasy, withdrawal;—always abs. ס׳;— 1. defection, used appar. of any moral or legal offence Dt 19:16, so prob. Is 59:13 (+ עֹשֶׁק, דִּבְרֵי שָׁ֑קֶר). 2. apostasy, Dt 13:6 Is 1:5; 31:6 Je 28:16; 29:32. 3. בִּלְתִּי סָרָה non-withdrawal Is 14:6 (cf. vb., v 25 Am 6:7).

πολεμέω, Ionic dialect Iterat. πολεμέεσκε Refs 5th c.BC+: future -ήσωRefs 5th c.BC+: perfect πεπολέμηκα Refs 4th c.BC+ —middle, aorist ἐπολεμησάμην (κατ-) Refs 2nd c.BC+:—passive, πολεμηθήσομαι Refs; πολεμήσομαι in passive sense, Refs 5th c.BC+: aorist ἐπολεμήθην Refs 5th c.BC+perfect πεπολέμημαι (κατα-) Refs: (πόλεμος):— to be at war or make war, Refs; opposed to εἰρήνην ἄγειν, Refs; τινι with one, Refs 5th c.BC+; μετά τινος or σύν τινι in conjunction with.., Refs 5th c.BC+ __2 fight, do battle, ἀπὸ τῶν ἵππων Refs 5th c.BC+; ἀπὸ [καμήλων] Refs 5th c.BC+; but ἀφ᾽ ὅτου πολεμήσωμεν what our means of war are, Refs 5th c.BC+ __3 generally, quarrel, wrangle with one, Refs 5th c.BC+ __II later with accusative, make war upon, τὴν πόλιν LXX+4th c.BC+:—passive, also in early writers, have war made upon one, to be treated as enemies, Refs 5th c.BC+ __II.2 with accusative cognate, πόλεμον π. Refs 5th c.BC+, Arist.[same place], etc.:—passive, [πολέμους] τοὺς ἐπὶ Θησέως πολεμηθέντας Refs 5th c.BC+; ὅσα ἐπολεμήθη whatever hostilities took place, Refs 5th c.BC+ —The form used by Poets is πολεμίζω.

στρατ-εύω, (στρατός) advance with an army or fleet, wage war, or rulers, offcers, or men, Κροῖσος ἐνένωτο -εύειν ἐπὶ τοὺς Πέρσας Refs 5th c.BC+; οἱ Ἀθηναῖοι -εύσαντες ἐς Πλάταιαν Refs 5th c.BC+; ἐστράτευσαν πρὸς ἌβυδονRefs 5th c.BC+; metaphorically, ἑνὸς δ᾽ ἐπ᾽ ἀνδρὸς δώματα στρατεύομεν (Iris et Lyssa loq.) Refs 5th c.BC+:—so in middle, στρατεύομαι Refs 5th c.BC+future -εύσομαιRefs 4th c.BC+: aorist ἐστρατευσάμην Refs 5th c.BC+: perfect ἐστράτευμαι Refs 4th c.BC+; Boeotian dialect 3rd.pers. plural perfect middle ἐστροτεύαθη Refs 4th c.BC+; -εύσονται ἐπὶ τὴν ἡμετέρην [Ἀθηναῖοι] Refs 5th c.BC+; ἐστρατευμένοι γάρ εἰσι they have been soldiers, have seen war-service, Refs 5th c.BC+; ὁπλίτης σ. Refs 5th c.BC+; πρὸς τὴν τῶν Ὀλυνθίων πόλιν Refs 5th c.BC+; μισθοῦ σ. Refs; πανδημεὶ ἔξω σ. Refs 5th c.BC+; opposed to ἐπιδημεῖν, Refs 5th c.BC+; opposed to δημηγορεῖν, Refs 5th c.BC+; στρατευσάμενος,= a militiis, Refs 4th c.BC+ __2 middle, serve in the army, τυΐ πρᾶτον ἐστροτεύαθη the following have joined the army for the first time, Refs; μηδεὶς ἐαθῇ -εύσασθαι to join the army, Refs 2nd c.BC+; οἱ -ευόμενοι Ἕλληνες the Greeks who are in the army, Refs 5th c.BC+active and middle, as in Refs; in Attic dialect and later Gr. Refs 2nd c.BC+middle is much the more frequently __II later, in active, take or receive into the army, enroll, enlist, Refs 1st c.BC+:— passive, τῶν νεολέκτων τῶν -ευθέντων ὑφ᾽ ἡμῶν Refs 4th c.AD+; ὁ νῦν -ευθεὶς τίρων Refs 4th c.AD+ __III see at {στραγγεύομαι}.

† [קְרִי] n.[m.] opposition, contrariness;—only (בְּ)קֶ֑רִי in Lv 26, as adv. modifier of הָלַךְ (in fig. sense), + עִם pers., of Isr.’s relation to י׳: תֵּלְכוּ עִמִּי קֶ֑רִי Lv 26:21 if ye walk with me contrariwise, so v 23, בְּקֶ֑רִי v 27, 40; י׳ subj., וְהָלַכְתִּי עִמָּכֶם בַּקֶּ֑רִי v 24, so v 41 and (בַּחֲמַת ק׳ in wrath of opposition) v 28.

ἔχθρ-α, Ionic dialect ἔχθρη, ἡ, hatred, enmity, Refs 5th c.BC+: in philosophical sense, ={νεῖκος}Refs 3rd c.AD+; ἔ. τινός hatred for, enmity to one, NT+5th c.BC+; δι᾽ ἔχθρας μολεῖν, ἀφῖχθαί τινι, to be at feud with one, Refs 5th c.BC+; πρὸς ἔχθραν from personal enmity, Refs 4th c.BC+; ἔ. συμβάλλειν, συνάπτειν τινί, to engage in hostility with.., Refs 5th c.BC+, of undying hatred, Refs 5th c.BC+

ἀντίδῐκ-ος, ον, opponent or adversary in a suit, Refs 5th c.BC+: properly, the defendant, Refs 5th c.BC+; but also, the plaintiff, Lys7.13; ἀ. πρός τιναRefs 5th c.BC+:—generally, opponent, adversary, Refs 4th c.BC+; ἀληθινῶν ἀ. [NT+1st c.BC+

ἀντιτάσσω, Attic dialect ἀντιτάττω, set opposite to, range in battle against, τὸ ἄριστον ἀ. ΠέρσῃσιRefs 5th c.BC+; ἀ. τὸν νόμον πρὸς τὴν ἀναίδειαν set the law in opposition to their impudence, Refs 5th c.BC+:—so in middle, πρὸς τὸ ἐμπειρότερον αὐτῶν τὸ τολμηρότερον ἀντιτάξασθεRefs 5th c.BC+ __II middle, set oneself against, meet face to face, ἀντιτάξομαι κτενῶν σεRefs 5th c.BC+:—passive, to be drawn out in array against, τινίRefs 5th c.BC+ __II.2 generally, oppose, resist, NT+2nd c.BC+ __II.3 set against, compare, LXX

ἀντίχριστος, ὁ, Antichrist, NT

† אֵיבָה n.f. enmity—א׳ Gn 3:15 + 2 textual; cstr. אֵיבַת Ez 25:15; 35:5—enmity, personal hostility, betw. men Nu 35:21, 22 (P), betw. serpent & woman Gn 3:15 (J), betw. peoples אֵיבַת עוֹלָם Ez 25:15; 35:5.

† חָכְמָה n.f. wisdom, ח׳ Ex 28:3 + 106 times; cstr. חָכְמַת Ex 35:35 + 15 times; sf. חָכְמָתִי Ec 2:9, etc. + 25 times sf.; pl. abst. חָכְמוֹת ψ 49:4 Pr 1:20; 9:1; 24:7 (GK§ 861); חַכְמוֹת Pr 14:1 (incorrectly pointed as adj. cstr. f.; read חָכְמוֹת De);— 1. skill in war Is 10:13; in technical work Ex 28:3; 31:3, 6; 35:26, 31, 35; 36:1, 2 (P), cf. 1 K 7:14, 1 Ch 28:21; of sailors ψ 107:27. 2. wisdom, in administration Dt 34:9 Is 29:14 Je 49:7(×2) 2 S 14:20; of prince of Tyre Ez 28:4, 5, 7, 12, 17; Sol.’s wisdom included this with other forms of cleverness and shrewdness 1 K 2:6; 3:28; 5:9, 10, 14(×2), 26; 10:4, 6, 7, 8, 23, 24 = 2 Ch 9:3, 5, 6, 7, 22, 23, 1 K 11:41 2 Ch 1:10, 11, 12; the Messiah is to have רוּחַ חָכְמָה וּבִינָה Is 11:2. 3. shrewdness, wisdom, 2 S 20:22 1 K 5:10(×2) Je 9:23; withheld by God from the ostrich Jb 39:17; of magicians and prophets Is 47:10 Dn 1:4, 17, 20. 4. wisdom, prudence in religious affairs Dt 4:6 ψ 37:30; 51:8; 90:12 Pr 10:31 Is 33:6 Je 8:9. 5. wisdom, ethical and religious: a. of God, as a divine attribute or energy; his wisdom is in the skies Jb 38:36; by it he numbers the clouds Jb 38:37; founded the earth Pr 3:19; and made all things Je 10:12 = 51:15, ψ 104:24; it is with him Jb 12:13; not to be found by the most persevering human search Jb 28:12, 20; he alone knows it Jb 28:23; gives it Pr 2:6; and shews its secrets Jb 11:6. b. the divine wisdom is personified: she was begotten before all things to be the architect and counsellor of God in the creation (Pr 8:22–31); she builds a palace and spreads a feast for those who will receive her instruction 9:1 (cf. v2–5); she teaches in public places 1:20; 8:1, 5, 11, 12 (v. context); gives her pupils the divine spirit 1:23; by her discipline simple become wise, rulers rule wisely, and those seeking her are richly rewarded 8:14 (cf. v1–21). c. of man: to get wisdom is principal thing Pr 4:7(×2); its fundamental principle is to fear God ψ 111:10 Pr 15:33 Jb 28:28 (‖ סוּר מֵרַע בִּינָה); and know י׳, the All Holy Pr 9:10; 30:3; it is of inestimable worth Jb 28:18 Pr 8:11; 16:16; 17:16; 23:23; 24:7; beyond the reach of scorners Pr 14:6; God giveth it to the good Ec 2:26; men are to incline the ear Pr 2:2; attend unto wisdom Pr 5:1; seek Ec 7:25; know Pr 24:14 Ec 1:17; 8:16; behold Ec 2:12; 9:13; get her Pr 4:5, 7; treat her as sister Pr 7:4; happy the man who finds her Pr 3:13; he who has wisdom is אִישׁ תְּבוּנָה Pr 10:23; נָבוֹן Pr 10:13; 14:33; מֵבִין Pr 17:24; cf. also ψ 49:4 Jb 4:21; 12:2, 12; 13:5; 15:8; 26:3; 32:7, 13; 33:33 Pr 1:2, 7; 2:10; 4:11; 11:2; 13:10; 14:1, 8; 18:4; 21:30; 24:3; 28:26; 29:3, 15; 31:26 Ec 1:13, 16(×2), 18; 2:3, 9, 13, 21; 7:10, 11, 12(×2), 19, 23; 8:1; 9:10, 15, 16(×2), 18; 10:1, 10;—on Solomon’s wisdom v. supr.

† [שׁוֹרֵר] n.m. (insidious) watcher, (proposes Pōʿl. Pt., מְ׳ om., Ges§ 52 s);—pl. sf. שׁוֹרְרַי ψ 56:3, שׁוֹרְרָ֑י 5:9; 27:11, שֹׁרְרָ֑י 54:7; 59:11; 92:12 v. foregoing.

ἐπιβουλ-ή, ἡ, plan formed against another, plot, scheme, Refs 5th c.BC+; πρός τινα against one, Refs 5th c.BC+ by treachery, treacherously, ἐξ ἐ. ἀποθανεῖν, ἐξ ἐ. φονεὺς εἶναι, Refs 5th c.BC+ designedly, Refs 5th c.BC+

μάχομαι [ᾰ], Ionic dialect present optative μαχέοιτο Refs 8th c.BC+; participle μαχεόμενος variant in Refs 5th c.BC+; Epic dialect μαχειόμενος Refs 8th c.BC+: Epic dialect imperfect μαχέσκετο Refs 8th c.BC+: future μαχήσομαι Refs 5th c.BC+; μαχέσομαι, δια-μαχεσόμεθα (as variant) Refs; also in late Prose, Refs 8th c.BC+: aorist ἐμαχεσάμην Refs 8th c.BC+; infinitive μαχέσασθαι Refs 3rd c.BC+; participle μαχεσσαμένω Refs 8th c.BC+: perfect μεμάχημαι Refs 5th c.BC+: late aorist ἐμαχέσθην Refs 1st c.AD+future μαχεσθήσομαι only Refs 4th c.BC+:—fight, Refs 8th c.BC+; μάχην μ. Refs 8th c.BC+ mostly of armies and persons fighting as parts of armies, but sometimes of single combat, Refs 8th c.BC+; between men and beasts, Refs 8th c.BC+:—Constr.: with dative person, fight with, i. e. against, one, ἀνδράσιν ἶφι μ. Refs 8th c.BC+; μ. ἀντία, ἐναντίον τινός, Refs 8th c.BC+ against heaven's will, Refs 5th c.BC+; μ. σὺν σοί,.. θεά, with thy help, Refs 8th c.BC+; μετὰ πρώτοισι μ. among the foremost, Refs 8th c.BC+; μετὰ Βοιωτῶν μ. with them, in their ranks,Refs 5th c.BC+; κατὰ σφέας γὰρ μαχέονται will fight by themselves, Refs 8th c.BC+ fight in single combat, Refs 5th c.BC+; μ. πρό τινος before him: hence, metaphorically, for him, in his defence, Refs 8th c.BC+; but later usually περί τινος, Refs 8th c.BC+, of boxers, Refs 8th c.BC+; μ. ἀπ᾽ ἵππου fight from horseback, Refs 5th c.BC+; τὸ μήπω μεμαχημένον the force that had not yet come into action, Refs 5th c.BC+ __2 with accusative, fight against, only falsa lectio in Refs 2nd c.AD+ __II generally, quarrel, wrangle, ἔριδι μ. Refs 8th c.BC+; τινι Refs; τῷ παιδὶ μ. make a scene with.., Refs 4th c.BC+; dispute, argue, περί τι μ. Refs 5th c.BC+ __III contend for the mastery in games, etc., πὺξ μ. Refs 8th c.BC+; measure oneself with or against, τινιRefs 5th c.BC+ __IV after Refs 8th c.BC+, struggle against a force, ἀνάγκᾳ δ᾽ οὐδὲ θεοὶ μ. Refs 7th c.BC+; μ. τῷ λιμῷ, τῷ δίψει, Refs 5th c.BC+ __V with infinitive, struggle, make an effort to do, Refs 4th c.BC+ __VI of arguments, propositions, etc., to be in contradiction or inconsistent, τρία ὁμολογήματα μ. αὐτὰ αὑτοῖς Refs 5th c.BC+

νῖκος, εος, τό, later form for νίκη, LXX+1st c.BC+; written νεῖκος), NT+8th c.BC+; εἰς νῖκος for ever, LXX

† III. [צוּר] vb. shew hostility to, treat as foe (c. acc. pers.) (akin to II. צרר, to which SS assign the forms, but cf. Arabic ضَارَ (ى) act unjustly, also defraud; Syriac ܥܝܳܪܬܳܐ, rival wife);— Qal Pf. 1 s. וְצַרְתִּ֫י אֶת־צֹרֲרֶיךָ Ex 23:22 (subj. י׳; ‖ וְאָיַבְתִּ֫י אֶת־אֹיְבֶיךָ); Impf. 2 ms. אַל־תָּ֫צַר אֶת־מוֹאָב Dt 2:9; 2 mpl. sf. אַל־תְּצֻרֵם v 19; Pt. הַצָּרִים אוֹתָם Est 8:11.

† I. [יָרִיב] n. [m.] opponent, adversary (Ges§85 d);—sf. (of Zion), יְרִיבֵךְ Is 49:25 (𝔊 רִיבֵךְ, so Du); cf. pl. sf. יְרִיבַ֑י ψ 35:1 (‖ לֹחֲמָ֑י); of personal opponent, יְרִיבָ֑י Je 18:19 (𝔊 רִיבִי, so Gie).

ἀθλ-έω, Ionic dialect imperfect ἀέθλεονRefs 5th c.BC+aorist ἤθλησα (see. below): perfect ἤθληκαRefs 1st c.AD+:—middle, aorist ἐνηθλησάμηνRefs 4th c.BC+:—passive, perfect κατήθλημαιRefs: (ἆθλος, ἆθλον):—commoner form of {ἀθλεύω}, used by Refs 8th c.BC+aorist participle, Λαομέδοντι.. ἀθλήσαντε having contended with him, Refs 8th c.BC+; πολλάπερ ἀθλήσαντα having gone through many struggles, Refs; contend in battle, Refs 5th c.BC+; ἤθλησα κινδυνεύματα have engaged in perilous struggles, Refs 5th c.BC+ __II to be an athlete, contend in games, Refs 4th c.BC+ __III hold games, ἐπ᾽ ἈρχεμόρῳRefs 5th c.BC+

ἐνεδρ-εύω, imperfect ἐνήδρευον Refs 5th c.BC+: future ἐνεδρεύσω Refs 1st c.AD+: aorist ἐνήδρευσα Refs 5th c.BC+ — middle, future -σομαι (in passive sense) Refs:—passive, aorist ἐνηδρεύθην Refs 4th c.BC+: perfect ἐνήδρευμαι Refs 2nd c.AD+: (ἐνέδρα):—lie in wait for, lay snares for, τινά Refs 4th c.BC+: passive, to be caught in an ambush, to be ensnared, of animals, Refs 5th c.BC+; of persons to whom poison has been given, Refs 5th c.BC+; εἰ.. μὴ τῷ χρόνῳ ἐνηδρεύθημεν if we had not been deceived by time, Refs 4th c.BC+ __2 absolutely, lay or set an ambush, ἐς τὸ Ἐνυάλιον Refs 5th c.BC+ __II place in ambush, πεζούς Refs 1st c.AD+:—middle, absolutely, set an ambush, Refs 5th c.BC+:—passive, metaphorically, οἱ ἐνηδρευμένοι τῇ δημηγορίᾳ λόγοι Refs 3rd c.AD+ __III hinder, obstruct, τινάς Refs 3rd c.AD+; διάπρασιν Refs 5th c.AD+:— passive, Refs 4th c.AD+

θρῐαμβ-εύω, perfect τεθριάμβευκα Refs 1st c.AD+: (θρίαμβος):—triumph, Refs 2nd c.BC+; ἀπό τινος triumph over, Refs 1st c.AD+; also θ. ἐπὶ νίκῃ Refs 1st c.AD+ __II lead in triumph, of conquered enemies, τινα NT:—passive, -εύεσθαι ὑπό τινος Refs 1st c.AD+ __II.2 lead in triumph, as a general does his army, metaphorically, ἡμᾶς ἐν Χριστῷ NT __III divulge, noise abroad, Refs 9th c.AD+

παραπικρ-ασμός, ὁ, provocation, LXX+NT

πράκ-τωρ, ορος, ὁ, ={πρακτήρ}, one who does or executes, accomplisher, Ζεὺς ὅτου π. φανῇ Refs 5th c.BC+; with feminine substantive, Κύπρις.. τῶνδ᾽ ἐφάνη π. Refs 5th c.BC+ __II official who executes a judgment for debt, especially public debt, bailiff, NT+5th c.BC+; τῶν ξενικῶν Refs 2nd c.BC+ __II.2 collector of taxes, π. βαλανήου “Ostr.” in Wilcken Grundzüge Refs 1st c.AD+; π. ἀργυρικῶν Refs 2nd c.AD+; π. σιτικῶν Refs 2nd c.AD+ __II.3 in Poets, one who exacts punishment, avenger, Refs 5th c.BC+: as adjective, with a feminine substantive, avenging, σὺν δορὶ καὶ χερὶ πράκτορι Refs 4th c.BC+

στρᾰτεία, Ionic dialect -ηΐη, ἡ, (στρατεύω) expedition, campaign, στρατηΐην ποιεῖσθαι ἐς.., ἐπὶ.., Refs 5th c.BC+; ἀπὸ στρατείας coming from war, after service done, Refs 4th c.BC+; κατὰ τὴν Σιτάλκου σ. about the time of his expedition, Refs 5th c.BC+; ἐπὶ στρατείας εἶναι to be on foreign service, Refs 5th c.BC+; so ἐν στρατείᾳ ὄντας Refs 5th c.BC+; ἐν τῇ σ. Refs 3rd c.BC+; παραγγέλλειν τινὶ σ. κατὰ γῆν Refs 5th c.BC+; στρατείαν ξυνεξελθεῖνRefs 4th c.BC+; τῆς σ. γιγνομένης ἐκ καταλόγου Refs 4th c.BC+; frequently in plural, military service, warfare, Refs 5th c.BC+; πρὸς ταῖς αὑτοῦ σ. in addition to the campaigns which he is bound to serve, Refs 4th c.BC+; στρατείας στρατεύεσθαι Refs; ἀφειμένος στρατείας, = Latin exauctoratus, Refs 1st c.AD+ __2 σ. ἐν τοῖς ἐπωνύμοις levy of those liable to serve in the year of such and such archons, Refs 4th c.BC+ __3 σ. ἡ ἐν τοῖς μέρεσιν expedition for special service, to train the young soldiers next after serving as περίπολοι, Refs 4th c.BC+ __4 military discipline, ἡ ἀκριβὴς σ. Refs 2nd c.AD+ __5 military appointment, ἐπώλησε στρατείας Refs —στρατιά is a constant variant, and is sometimes undoubtedly used= στρατεία (campaign), see at {στρατιά} Refs 5th c.BC+; but στρατεία= army, expeditionary force is very rare, Refs 5th c.BC+ never = army, but both -εία Refs 3rd c.BC+ = campaign.

συστροφ-ή, ἡ, twisting together, σ. χαύνην λαμβάνειν to be loosely twisted, of yarn, Refs 5th c.BC+ __2 turning round, variant (cited in Refs 1st c.AD+ __3 condensation, density, Refs 4th c.BC+ __4 plural, dealings, converse between men, Refs 4th c.BC+ __5 metaphorically of style, terseness, concentration, Refs 4th c.BC+concisely, Refs __II that which is rolled into one mass: hence, __II.1 collection, gathering, πλήθεος σ. Refs 5th c.BC+; seditious meeting, concourse, NT+2nd c.BC+; κατὰ συστροφάς in knots, Refs 1st c.BC+; μετὰ συστροφῆς in close array, Refs 1st c.BC+; also, swarm of bees, LXX; flock of birds, Refs 2nd c.AD+; of other things, σ. δρυῶν Refs 1st c.AD+ __II.2 physical mass, aggregate, in plural, Refs 4th c.BC+; especially morbid collection or deposit of tubercles, Refs 5th c.BC+; αἱ περὶ τοὺς κονδύλους σ. chalk-stones, Refs 1st c.AD+; σ. νεύρων a complication of nerves or sinews, Refs 5th c.BC+; tumour, Refs 5th c.BC+ __II.3 twisted grain in wood, Refs 4th c.BC+ __II.4 συστροφή, with or without ὄμβρου, a sudden storm of rain, Refs 2nd c.BC+; σ. ἀνέμου, πνεύματος, whirlwind, LXX+4th c.BC+; νέφη καὶ σ. Refs 3rd c.BC+ __II.5 of stars, νεφελοειδὴς σ., = nebula, Refs 2nd c.AD+

‡ † אֶשְׁתַּדּוּר n.m. revolt;—abs. Ezr 4:15, 19.

† II. מֶ֫רֶד n.pr.m. name in Judah according to 1 Ch 4:17, מָ֑רֶד v 18. 𝔊 Πωραδ, Νωρωηλ, A Μωραδ, Μωρηδ, 𝔊L Βαραδ, Μαρω.

† מַשְׂטֵמָה n.f. animosity;—Ho 9:7 + v 8 (del. We, cf. Now).

† II. עָר n.m. only 2 times: עָרֶ֑ךָ 1 S 28:16 (v. Dr); read צָרֶ֑ךָ thine adversary Klo HPS (al. as altern. with foll.) >עִם רֵעֶ֑ךָ 𝔊 𝔖 𝔗 Th Bu Kit (?) al.; עָרֶיךָ ψ 139:20 is very dub.; Hup עָלֶיךָ, Ol Che al. שְׁמֶ֑ךָ; Bae leaves untranslated.

‡ † [עָר M77*] n. m. foe (cf. JAram. עֲרָר objection; on dub. BH עָר v. p. 786);—pl. sf. עריך Kt (K§ 53 Anm. b)), עָרָךְ Qr Dn 4:16.

† I. צָדָה vb. lie in wait (NH id., rare; cf. (si vera l.) Biblical Aramaic צְדָא Dn 3:14);— Qal Pf. 3 ms. צ׳ Ex 21:13 (E; abs.); Pt. c. acc. וְאַתָּה צֹדֶה אֶת־נַפְשִׁי לְקַחְתָּהּ 1 S 24:11 (Gi; v 12 van d. H. Baer).

† צְדִיָּה n.f. lying-in-wait;—(ב)צ׳ Nu 35:20, 22 i.e. with malicious intent (P).

ἀντᾰγων-ίζομαι, __I struggle against, prove a match for, τινί, especially in war, NT+5th c.BC+ __I.2 generally, struggle, vie with, τινίRefs 5th c.BC+the parties in a lawsuit, Refs 5th c.BC+ __I.3 act a part in rivalry with, τινίRefs 1st c.AD+ __II as passive, to be set against, τινίRefs 5th c.BC+

ἀντιδια-τίθημι, retaliate upon a person, Refs 1st c.BC+:—middle, offer resistance, πρὸς τὴν πειθώRefs 3rd c.AD+opponents, NT

ἀντικαθίστημι, Ionic dialect ἀντικατ-, future -καταστήσω:— replace, substitute, ἄλλαRefs 5th c.BC+; μὴ ἐλάσσω ἀντικαταστῆσαι πάλιν replace an equal quantity of gold, Refs 5th c.BC+; ἄλλους ἀ. set up others in their stead, Refs 4th c.BC+ __2 set against, oppose, τινὰ πρός τιναRefs 5th c.BC+; establish as a counterpart, τινά τινιRefs 5th c.BC+ __3 set up or bring back again, ἀ. ἐπὶ τὸ θαρρεῖνRefs 5th c.BC+; rally, τοὺς θορυβηθένταςRefs 1st c.BC+ __II passive, with aorist 2 and perfect active; also aorist 1 κατεστάθηνRefs 5th c.BC+:—to be put in another's place, reign in his stead, Refs 5th c.BC+ __II.2 to be pitted against another, opposed, absolutely, Refs 5th c.BC+ __II.2.b in lawsuits, to be confronted with, τινί, πρός τινα, Refs 2nd c.AD+

ἀντιπίπτω, collide, Refs 4th c.BC+; fall upon, ταῖς σπείραιςRefs 2nd c.BC+ __2 resist, ἀντιπῖπτον resisting body, NT+4th c.BC+; μηδὲν ἀντιπεσόντα without demur, Refs 2nd c.BC+; τῆς φράσεως οὐκ -ούσηςRefs 2nd c.AD+; ἀντιπῖπτον an objection, Refs 6th c.AD+ __3 of circumstances, to be adverse, τινίRefs 2nd c.BC+; of contrary winds, Refs; tell against, conflict with (fact or theory), Refs 1st c.BC+ __II to fall in a contrary direction, αἱ σκιαίRefs 1st c.BC+

διωκ-τήρ, ῆρος, ὁ, pursuer, Refs 2nd c.AD+

ἐγκάθ-ετος, ον, (ἐγκαθίημι) put in secretly, suborned, προέδρους ἐ. ὑφέντες NT+5th c.BC+. adverb -τως, δημηγορεῖν Refs 1st c.BC+ __II of a child, ={εἰσποιητός}, Refs 4th c.BC+

ἐκδῐ-ώκω, chase away, banish, Refs 5th c.BC+; attack, persecute, Refs 6th c.AD+, etc.:—passive, Refs 4th c.BC+

ἐπᾰγωνίζομαι, contend with, τινί Refs 1st c.AD+; continue to attack, Refs 4th c.BC+ __2 with dative of things, contend in, εὐνοίᾳ Refs; contend for, τῇ πίστει NT: lay stress on, ἐ. τῷ λόγῳ Refs 1st c.AD+; exertoneself, Refs __3 contend again, in games, Refs 1st c.BC+ __3.b speak after a person, follow him, Refs 2nd c.AD+

θηριο-μᾰχέω, fight with wild beasts, NT+1st c.BC+

κατᾰγων-ίζομαι, prevail against, τινας Refs 2nd c.BC+:—passive, καταγωνισθῆναι τὰ ὅλα Refs 2nd c.BC+ __2 contend against, τὴν ἀλήθειαν Refs 2nd c.BC+ __II win by a struggle, βασιλείας NT

κατεφίσταμαι, rise up against, in aorist active, κατεπέστησαν τῷ Παύλῳ NT

νίκ-η [ῑ], ἡ, victory, ν. φαίνεται Μενελάου victory clearly belongs to M., Refs 8th c.BC+: frequently of victory in the games, Ἰσθμία ν. Refs 5th c.BC+ victory over.., Refs 8th c.BC+ __2 later, generally, mastery, ascendancy, etc., in all relations, νίκην διασῴζεσθαι to keep the fruits of victory, Refs 5th c.BC+ __3 success in a lawsuit, Refs 8th c.BC+; in the concrete, damages, etc., recovered, Refs __II proper name, Nike, the goddess of victory, Refs 8th c.BC+ __II.2 Astrology texts, name of sixth κλῆρος, Refs 4th c.AD+

παραπικρ-αίνω, embitter, provoke, with accusative, LXX; rebel against, τὸ ῥῆμα τοῦ ΚυρίουLXX; παραπικραίνουσα παρεπικράνθηνLXX+NT

συνδρομ-ή, ἡ, tumultuous concourse of people, NT+5th c.BC+; ἐπί τινα, κατά τινων, Refs 2nd c.BC+; ἀπὸ συνδρομῆς tumultuously, Refs 1st c.BC+ __2 of things, στενὴ πορθμοῦ σ. (compare {συνδρομάς}) Refs 3rd c.BC+; σ. αἵματος εἰς τὸν πληγέντα τόπον a determination of blood, Refs 4th c.BC+; combination, κέκληται ἡ σ. τούτων καυλός Refs 1st c.BC+; ἡς. τοῦ λόγου its conclusion, moral, Refs 5th c.AD+; especially in Medicine texts, concurrence of symptoms, 'clinical picture', Refs 2nd c.AD+ __2.b contraction of a muscle, Refs 2nd c.AD+; of the prepuce, Refs 7th c.AD+ __3 in Rhet., provisional concession of an adversary's standpoint, Refs 2nd c.AD+

συνωμ-οσία (sometimes wrongly written συνομ-), ἡ: (συνόμνυμι):— being leagued by oath, conspiracy, Refs 5th c.BC+; ξ. δήμου καταλύσεως for putting down the democracy, Refs 3rd c.BC+; οἱ ἐν τῇ ξ. Refs 5th c.BC+; οἱ ἐκ τῆς σ. Refs 1st c.AD+; ἡ ἐπί τινα, ἡ κατά τινος σ., Refs __2 confederacy, ἡ πρὸς Ἀργείους γενομένη ξ. Refs 5th c.BC+ __II body of men leagued by oath, political union or club, Refs 5th c.BC+

συστᾰσ-ιαστής, οῦ, ὁ, fellow-rioter, NT+1st c.AD+

ὑπερνῑκάω, prevail completely over, Refs 5th c.BC+; to be more than conqueror, NT+4th c.AD+

[אָיַב283] vb. be hostile to (Ass. aibu (v. DlW), enemy = אֹיֵב)— Qal Pf. †וְאָיַבְתִּ֫י Ex 23:22; Pt. אוֹיֵב (אֹיֵב) Ex 15:6 +; sf. (אוֹיְבִי) אֹיְבִי 2 S 22:18 = ψ 18:18 +; f. sf. אֹיַבְת��ּי Mi 7:8, 10; אֹיִבְךָ Ex 23:4 +, etc.; pl. אוֹיְבִים ψ 68:24; 127:5; אֹיְבִים ψ 139:22, etc.;—be hostile to, treat as enemy Ex 23:22 (E, Cov’t code) וְאָיַבְתִּ֫י אֶת־אֹיְבֶיךָ וְצַרְתִּ֫י אֶת־צֹרְרֶיךָ (subj. י׳); elsewhere Pt. 1 S 18:29 וַיְהִי שָׁאוּל אֹיֵב אֶת־דָּוִד; usually as subst. & mostly sf.; enemy, of personal foe Ex 23:4 (E ‖ שֹׂנֵא v 5) Nu 35:23 (P) 1 S 19:17 (cf. 18:29) 24:5, 20 2 S 4:8 1 K 21:20 Jb 27:7 ψ 54:9; 55:13 (‖ מְשַׂנֵּא; opp. אַלּוּף, מְיֻדָּע v 14) Mi 2:8 Pr 16:7; 24:17 +; in sim. Je 30:14 (מַכַּת אוֹיֵב); of public national enemy, sg. Ju 16:23, 24; coll. Ex 15:6, 9 Dt 33:27 Na 3:11 2 Ch 6:24 +; personif. Mi 7:8, 10; more oft. pl. Ex 23:22 (E) Lv 26:7f (H) Nu 10:9 (P) Dt 1:42; 6:19 Je 15:9; 34:20, 21 +; of enemies of God, as protector of his people Nu 10:35 (J) Ju 5:31 1 S 30:26 2 S 18:19 ψ 66:3; 68:1, 22 Na 1:2, 8 Is 66:6 +; as morally supreme Jb 13:24; 33:10 ψ 37:20; 92:10(×2) +; of God as enemy of rebellious people Is 63:10, in sim. La 2:4, 5.

† [אֹ֫רֶב] n.[m.] ambuscade only fig.— a. יָשִׂים אָרְבּוֹ Je 9:7 i.e. he planneth treachery. b. אָרְבָּם their intrigue Ho 7:6 cf. Nowp. 126.

† כִּידוֹר n.[m.] onset, מֶלֶךְ עָתִיד לַכּ׳ Jb 15:24 a king ready for the onset.

† לָחֶם n.[m.] only in אָז לֶחֶ֣ם שְׁעָרִים Ju 5:8 (so Mass; Codd. לָחֵ֣ם, לָ֣חֶם), usually tr. then was there war of (= at) the gates, but improb.; text and meaning dub.; A𝔊L read ὡς ἄρτον κρίθινον, whence BuRS 103 אָז לָחֶם שְׂעֹרִים then they used to eat barley bread; but BuComm. אָזַל ל׳ שׂ׳ the barley bread was exhausted; Mayer LambertRÉJ xxx, 115 אז לחמשׁ ערים then for (in) 5 cities no shield was seen, etc.; other conj. in KauAT; cf. GFMad loc.

† מְרַד n.[m.] rebellion (v. BH);—abs. מ׳ Ezr 4:19.

† I. מֶ֫רֶד n.[m.] rebellion, revolt, against י׳, אִם בְּמ׳ וְאִם־בְּמַעַל ביהוה Jos 22:22 (P; cf. מָרַד 2).

† מַרְדּוּת n.f. rebellion, rebelliousness, only in בֶּן־נַעֲוַת המ׳ 1 S 20:30, where read prob. בֶּן־נַעֲרַת הַמַּרְדוּת son of a girl of rebelliousness=rebellious girl, cf. 𝔊 𝔙 Th We Dr HPS; > LagM i. 236 f. Bu (cf. also Dr Kit) der. מ׳ from רדה, and, retaining MT, read a woman gone astray (v. II. עָוָה) from discipline (Aramaic sense: √ רְדָא).

† מֻרְדָּף n.[m.] persecution (si vera l.) (formed like Hoph. Pt.);—Is 14:6, but 𝔙 𝔙 מְרַדֵּף (Dat.).

† II. [צָרָה] n.f. vexer, rival-wife (v. reff. sub √; also Ecclus 37:11);—sf. צָרָתָהּ 1 S 1:6.

† [קִים] n.m. adversary (proposes uprising, insurgent [Köii. 1, 60], cf. √ Qal 2);—sf. קִימָ֑נוּ (Köii. 1, 442) Jb 22:20, but prob. corrupt; Ges§ 91 f, Du קָםֵ(י)נוּ (Pt. sf.) Me Bu יְקֻמָם, PerlesAnal. 59 קִנְיָנָם.

† קְרָב (K§ 57 a)) n.[m.] war (𝔗 Syriac NH id.; BH as Aramaism);—abs. Dn 7:21.

† I. [שׁוּר] dub. word, only pl. sf. וַתַּבֵּט עֵינִי בְּשׁוּרָ֑י ψ 92:12, read בְּשׁוֹרְרָ֑י (Bae al.) v. foll.