Constructions

I. חָצֵר145 n.m. Ez 40:23 and (oftener) f. 1 K 6:36 enclosure, court—abs. ח׳ 1 K 7:8 +, חָצֵרָה Je 36:20; cstr. חֲצַר Ex 27:9 +; sf. חֲצֵרוֹ 2 S 17:18; חֲצֵרוֹת Ex 8:9 + 4 times; cstr. חַצְרֵי Ne 13:7, חַצְרוֹת 2 K 21:5 + 10 times; sf. חֲצֵרָ֑י Is 1:12; Zc 3:7; חֲצֵרֶיךָ ψ 65:5; 84:11; חֲצֵרוֹתָ֑י 1 Ch 28:6; חֲצֵרֹחָיו ψ 100:4, לְחַצְרוֹתָ֑יו ψ 96:8, וּבְחַצְרֹתֵיהֶם Ne 8:16;— 1. enclosures (in Egypt), perhaps court-yards, or cattle-yards, distinct from houses and from fields Ex 8:9 (J). 2. court of private house 2 S 17:18 (containing well), cf. Ne 8:16; of a palace, חָצֵר הָאַחֶרֶת 1 K 7:8 the other court, immediately surrounding palace, so called in distinct. from (הֶ)ח׳ הַגְּדוֹלָה v 9, 12 the great court, including ח׳ הא׳ and הֶח׳ הַפְּנִימִית of temple (v. 3 b) in one great enclosure (v. StaSalomos Bauten, ZAW 1883, 152f.); 2 K 20:4 (MSS. Qr Vrss The al.; Kt Ke al. הָעִיר), Je 36:20 Est 1:5; 2:11; 4:11; 5:1, 2; 6:4(×2), 5; ח׳ מַטָּרָה court of guard, place of (honourable) confinement Je 32:2 (in king’s house), v 8, 12; 33:1; 37:21(×2); 38:6, 13, 28; 39:14, 15. Especially 3. a. court of tabernacle חֲצַר הַמִּשְׁכָּן Ex 27:9, cf. v 9, 12, 13 + 24 times Ex (all P; שַׁעַר הֶח׳ gate of the court Ex 35:17; 38:15, 18, 31; 39:40; 40:8, 33); Lv 6:9, 19; Nu 3:26(×2) (פֶּתַח הֶח׳), v 37; 4:26(×2) (פֶּתַח שַׁעַר הֶח׳), v 32; courts of house of י׳ 1 Ch 23:28. b. court(s) of Sol.’s temple, inner c. הֶח׳ הַפְּנִימית 1 K 6:36; 7:12 (but on txt. v Stal.c.) Ez 8:16; 10:3 cf. v 4; = upper c. הֶח׳ הָעֶלְיוֹן Je 36:10 (v. Gf), and ח׳ הַכֹּהֲנִים 2 Ch 4:9 (where also הָעֲזָרָה הַגְּדוֹלָה, as often Ezek., also דְּלָתוֹת לָעֲזָרָה); outer court הֶח׳ הַחִיצֹנָה Ez 10:5 = הֶח׳ הַחֲדָשָׁה 2 Ch 20:5; v. further 1 K 8:64 = 2 Ch 7:7, 2 Ch 24:21; 29:16; Je 19:14; 26:2; Ez 8:7; two courts 2 K 21:5 = 2 Ch 33:5, 2 K 23:12; courts Ez 9:7; 1 Ch 28:12; 2 Ch 23:5; Ne 8:1, 6; 13:7; often poet., courts of י׳ Is 1:12; 62:9 (ח׳ קדשׁי) Zc 3:7 ψ 65:5; 84:3, 11; 96:8; 100:4; 116:19; 135:2. c. courts of Ezek.’s temple Ez 40:14 + 38 times Ez 40–46 (of these read הַשַּׁעַר for החצר 40:19, 32 with 𝔊 Hi Co; and החיצון for החצר 41:15 with 𝔊 Ew Co; cf. 42:6 הַחִיצֹנוֹת for הַחֲצֵרוֹת); s. תִּיכוֹן on p. 1064.

† I. בּוֹר n.m. Gn 37:20 pit, cistern, well (= בְּאֹר, MI בר, Arabic بُؤْرَةٌ hole or hollow for cooking, Assyrian bûrtum DlPr 182, bûru Lotz TP 169)—בּ׳ abs. Gn 37:22 +; בֹּר Ex 21:33 (2 S 23:20 Qr, v. באר supr.); cstr. בּוֹר 2 K 10:14 + (2 S 23:15, 16 Qr, v. באר supr.); בֹּ֫רָה (ָה loc.) Gn 37:24; sf. בּוֹרוֹ Is 36:16 = בֹּרוֹ 2 K 18:31; בּוֹרֶ֑ךָ Pr 5:15; pl. בֹּרוֹת Gn 37:20 + 3 times; בֹּרֹת Dt 6:11:— 1. cistern, containing water, made by digging (חצב) Dt 6:11 2 Ch 26:10 Ne 9:25; also (without ref. to origin) Pr 5:15 (‖ בְּאֵר), Lv 11:36 (‖ מַעְיָן), 1 S 19:22 Is 36:16 = 2 K 18:31. 2. later appar. well (= בְּאֵר) 1 Ch 11:17, 18 = Qr 2 S 23:15, 16 (yet now no well at Bethlehem RobBR i. 470, 473 cf. also Surveyiii. 28 Guérin Judée i. 130) cf. Ec 12:6 & Je 6:7 Kt כְּהָקִיר בו֯ר מֵימֶיהָ as a well casteth out its water (Qr בַּיִר); but הקיר perhaps keep cool, fresh 𝔊 𝔙 Hi Gf 3. pit Ex 21:33 (vb. פתח), v 33 (כרה), cf. v 34; cf. fig. ψ 7:16 of wickedness (‖ שַׁחַת; vb. כרה, חפר); 1 S 13:6 as hiding-place; 2 S 23:20 (Qr) = 1 Ch 11:22 2 K 10:14 בּוֹר בֵּית עֵ֫קֶד; of pit into wh. Joseph was cast Gn 37:20, 22, 24 (וְהַבּוֹר רֵק אֵין בּוֹ מ֑יִם) v 28, 29(×2) (JE) cf. further Je 41:7, 9; fig. of Sarah as mother of Israel מַקֶּבֶת בּ׳ Is 51:1; fig. of calamity ψ 40:3 בּוֹר שָׁאוֹן; cf. ψ 88:7 בּ׳ תַּחְתִּיּוֹת. 4. dungeon (pit with no water in it Je 38:6 Zc 9:11 cf. Gn 37:24 supr.) Gn 40:15; 41:14 (E) Is 24:22 Je 38:6(×2) (בּ׳ אֵין מַיִם) v 7, 9, 10, 11, 13; also בֵּית הַבּוֹר prison Ex 12:29 Je 37:16; fig. of exile Zc 9:11 (מִבּוֹר אֵין מַיִם בּוֹ); cf. also La 3:53, 55. 5. (poet. & late; never c. art.) pit of the grave Pr 28:17; so אַבְנֵי ב׳ stones of the pit Is 14:19 (of sepulchre, walled with stones) & of Sheʾôl ψ 30:4 (‖ שׁאול); יַרְכְּתֵי ב׳ loins of (the) pit, i.e. remotest pit Is 14:15 (‖ שׁאול) Ez 32:23 especially in phrase יוֹרְדֵי בוֹר those going down to (the) pit ψ 28:1; 143:7 Is 38:18 Ez 26:20; 32:25, 29, 30; also, (‖ שׁאול), ψ 88:5 Pr 1:12; further Ez 26:20 32:18, 24 (all ‖ אֶרֶץ תַּחְתִּיּוֹת), 31:14, 16 (both ‖ אֶרֶץ תַּחְתִּית; v 14 ‖ also מָוֶת, v 16 שְׁאוֹל).

συνᾰγωγ-ή, ἡ, a bringing together: __I of persons, ἀνδρὸς καὶ γυναικός Refs 5th c.BC+; collecting, ὄχλων, ἀνδρῶν, etc., Refs 2nd c.BC+; assembling, meeting, τῶν λογιστῶν Refs __I.2 assembly, LXX+2nd c.BC+; τῶν συνέδρων Refs 1st c.BC+; place of assembly, especially of the Jewish synagogue, NT; meeting-house, Μαρκιωνιστῶν Refs 4th c.AD+; conventicle, Refs 4th c.AD+ __II of things, σ. [τῶν ἐκπεπταμένων] Refs 5th c.BC+; opposed to διαιρέσεις, Refs 5th c.BC+; σ. πολέμου levying of war, Refs 5th c.BC+; gathering in of harvest, τοῦ σίτου LXX+3rd c.BC+; πύου Heras cited in Refs 3rd c.BC+; harvest, ἑορτὴ συναγωγῆς LXX __II.2 drawing together, contracting, συναγωγὰς καὶ ἐκτάσεις στρατιᾶς forming an army in column or in line, Refs 5th c.BC+; contraction of ranks either in front or depth, Refs 2nd c.AD+; αἱ τοῦ προσώπου σ. pursing up or wrinkling of the face, Refs 5th c.BC+; bringing together, closing up of a wound, Refs 4th c.BC+; opposed to διαστολή, Refs; σ. ἔχειν, σ. λαμβάνειν, ={συνάγεσθαι}, Refs 4th c.BC+ __II.3 collection, τῶν νόμων καὶ τῶν πολιτειῶν Refs 4th c.BC+; of writings, Refs 1st c.BC+ __II.4 combination, [πολιτειῶν] Refs 4th c.BC+ __II.5 conclusion, inference, Refs 2nd c.AD+; cogent reasoning, Refs 3rd c.BC+; demonstration, Refs 5th c.BC+

II. מַעֲלָה46 n.f. step, stair;—מ׳ Ezr 7:9; 1 Ch 17:17; pl. מַעֲלוֹת Is 38:8 +, sf. מַעֲלֹתָו֯ Am 9:6, etc.;— 1. step, stair of temple Ez 40:6 + 5 times 40, and temple porch 40:49; of altar Ex 20:26 (E) (forbidden, cf. RSOTJC xii, n. 1; 2nd ed. 358) Ez 43:17 (prescribed); of house 2 K 9:13, of throne 1 K 10:19, 20; 2 Ch 9:18, 19; to the city of David Ne 3:15; 12:37. 2. steps (forming sun-dial, cf. Di Is) 2 K 20:9(×2), 10(×2), 11(×3) = Is 38:8(×5). 3. stories of heaven Am 9:6. 4. ascent מִבָּבֶל Ezr 7:9. 5. שִׁיר (ל)הַמַּעֲלוֹת song of ascents, to the three great pilgrim feasts, i.e. to be sung on way up to Jerusalem, titles of ψψ 120–134 + 84:6 We al.—כְּתוֹר הארם המעלה 1 Ch 17:17 is crpt., v. Comm.ad loc. (and on ‖ 2 S 7:19).

φῠλᾰκ-ή, ἡ, (φύλαξ) watching or guarding, especially by night, φυλακῆς μνήσασθε Refs 8th c.BC+; φυλακὰς ἔχειν keep watch and ward, Refs; φ. κατέχειν Refs 5th c.BC+; φυλακὴ ἔχει αὐτόν watching engages him, variant in Refs 8th c.BC+ tell an unarmed man to stand on the defensive, i.e. to give commands that cannot be obeyed, Refs 5th c.BC+; ὅπως ἀφανὴς εἴη ἡ φ. that there might be nothing visible to watch, Refs 5th c.BC+; φυλακὰς φυλάξειν keep watch and ward, Refs 5th c.BC+; φυλακὰς καταστήσασθαι, κατασκευάσασθαι, Refs 5th c.BC+ __2 watch or guard, of persons, NT+5th c.BC+; φ. τοῦ σώματος a body guard, Refs 5th c.BC+, etc.; garrison of a place or fortress, Refs 5th c.BC+; ἡ ἐν τῇ Ναυπάκτῳ φ., of a squadron of ships, Refs 5th c.BC+ __2.b the rank of φύλακες, Refs 5th c.BC+ __3 station, post, Refs 8th c.BC+; Διὸς φ., Refs 4th c.BC+ name for the centre of the universe, Refs 4th c.BC+ __4 of time, a watch of the night, ἐπεὰν τῆς νυκτὸς ἦ δευτέρη φ. Refs 5th c.BC+; πρώτης φ. ἀρχομένης Wilcken Refs 3rd c.BC+; φυλακαῖσι νυκτέροισιν Refs 5th c.BC+: of these there were three, accusative to Refs 5th c.BC+; but five are mentioned in Refs 7th c.BC+; and the Roman division was four, NT __5 place for keeping others in, ward, prison, δημοσία φ. NT+1st c.BC+; πολιτικὴ φ. the town-prison, Refs 1st c.AD+ __6 Astrology texts ={ταπείνωμα}, Refs __II guarding, keeping, preserving, whether for security or custody, ἐν φυλακῇ ἔχειν τινά Refs 5th c.BC+; τὸν Ἰσθμὸν ἔχειν ἐν φ. to keep the Isthmus guarded or occupied, Refs; τὸν ἠνείκαντο γλώσσης χαρακτῆρα τοῦτον ἔχειν ἐν φ. to preserve the same character of language, Refs 6th c.BC+; στόματος φυλακᾷ κατασχεῖν φθόγγον probably in Refs 4th c.BC+; ἐν φ. σχεθέμεν μεγάλᾳ be very ware of, Refs 5th c.BC+; φυλακὴν ἔχειν, ={φυλάττεσθαι}, keep guard, be on the watch, περί τινα Refs 5th c.BC+; φ. ἔχειν μή.. Refs 5th c.BC+; φ. λαμβάνειν μή.. Refs 4th c.BC+; δεινῶς ἦσαν ἐν φυλακῇσι were straitly on their guard, Refs 5th c.BC+ __II.2 custody of property, Refs 4th c.BC+ __II.3 safeguard, τὴν μεγίστην φ. ἀνῄρηκε τῆς πόλεως its chief safeguard, Refs 5th c.BC+; δημοκρατίας, μοναρχίας φ., Refs 5th c.BC+ __III (from middle) precaution, πολλῆς φ. ἔργον Refs 5th c.BC+ __III.2 with genitive, precaution against, εὐλάβεια φ. κακοῦ Refs 5th c.BC+

† בְּאֵר n.f. Gn 26:21 well, pit, mostly Hex, Gn 23 times Ex 1 times Nu 5 times, 37 times in all; Arabic بِئْرٌ, Aramaic בְּאֵרָא, בֵּיר, בֵּירָא, ܒܻܪܳܐ, Sab. באר DHMZMG 1875, 608, Assyrian bêru, LyonSargon 61 (connexion with above √ not clear; Lagl.c. spring of water, as coming to light, appearing; possible, although meaning in use rather well, than spring; v. however, Gn 16:14 cf. v 7; 26:19 Nu 21:17)—בּ׳ abs. Gn 21:30 +; cstr. 21:19 +; sf. בְּאֵרֶ֑ךָ Pr 5:15; Pl. abs. בְּאֵרֹת Gn 26:15; cstr. id. 26:18; cf. חֵמָר" dir="rtl" >בֶּאֱרֹת בֶּאֱרֹת חֵמָר Gn 14:10;— 1. a well, often as made by digging (חָפַר) Gn 21:25, 30 (E), 26:15, 18, 19, 21, 22, 32 (all J), also poet. Nu 21:18 (+ כרה) vid. also v 16, 17 (where the well addressed, in song, עֲלִי בְאֵר); also c. כרה in prose Gn 26:25; also with no ref. to its origin Gn 16:14 (J; ‖ עַיִן v 7) 29:2 Ex 2:15 (J) Nu 20:17 21:22 (E) 2 S 17:18, 21; בְּאֵר (ה)מַיִם Gn 21:19 (E) 24:11 (J; ‖ עַיִן vv 13, 16, 43, 45); (cf. also 21:25; 26:18 supr. & especially v 19 בְּאֵר מַיִם חַיִּים); water taken from it by drawing (שָׁאַב) Gn 24:11, 20; flocks watered from it (הִשְׁקָה מִן־) 29:2, 3, 8, 10 (cf. especially Ex 2:16 they drew, דלה, and filled the troughs); also שְׁתֵה מַיִם … מִתּוֹךְ בְּאֵרֶ֑ךָ Pr 5:15 (‖ בּוֹר); the opening called פִּי הַבְּאֵר Gn 29:2, 3(×2) 8, 10; cf. פְּנֵי הַבּ׳ 2 S 17:19 (read prob. פּי so Sam. 𝔗 𝔖 𝔙, cf. Dr); fig. of fresh delights of woman beloved Ct 4:15 מַעְיַן גַּנִּים בְּאֵר מַיִם חַיִּים וְנוֹזְלִים מִן־לְבָנוֹן. 2. pit (= בּוֹר); pits of bitumen Gn 14:10 (cf. supr.); בְּאֵר שַׁחַת ψ 55:24 pit of (the) grave; cf. 69:16 וְאַל־תֶּאְטַר עָלַי בְּאֵר פִּיהָ and let not (the) pit shut its mouth over me (‖ מְצוּלָה); fig. of strange woman בְּאֵר צָרָה a narrow pit, out of which rescue is difficult Pr 23:27 (‖ שׁוּחָה עֲמֻקָּה). 3. as n.pr.loc. a. c. ָה loc. בְּאֵ֫רָה a station of Isr. in desert Nu 21:16, possibly = בְּאֵר אֵילִים Is 15:8. b. same form Ju 9:21, according to Euseb. LagOnom.238, 2nd ed. 250 8 miles north of Eleutheropolis; cf. RobBR i. 452 who comp. el-Bîreh, near Beth-shemesh.

† מִבְצָר n.m. Is 17:3 fortification—מִבְצָר Nu 32:17 + 18 times; cstr. מִבְצַר Jos 19:29 + 2 times; pl. מִבְצָרִים Nu 13:19 Dn 11:24; מִבְצָרוֹת Dn 11:15; מִבְצְרֵי La 2:2 Dn 11:39; sf. מִבְצָרֶיךָ Ho 10:14 + 2 times; מִבְצָרַיִךְ Na 3:12; מִבְצָרָ֑יִךְ v 14 Je 48:18; מִבְצָרָיו ψ 89:41 La 2:5; מִבְצָרֶיהָ Is 34:13; מִבְצְרֵיהֶם 2 K 8:12;—fortification, especially in phrase (המ׳) מ׳ (ערי) עיר = fortified city Nu 32:17, 36 Jos 10:20; 19:29, 35 1 S 6:18 2 K 3:19; 10:2; 17:9; 18:8 Je 4:5; 5:17; 8:14; 34:7 ψ 108:11 (עיר מ׳ = עיר מָצוֹר ψ 60:11), 2 Ch 17:19 Dn 11:15 (מ׳ in this connexion sing. except Je 5:17 & Dn 11:15 (מבצרות)); Je 1:18 fig. of prophet, so without עיר Je 6:27; fortress, stronghold, lit. without עיר etc. Nu 13:19 2 K 8:12 Je 48:18 Is 17:3; 25:12 (מ׳ משׁגב חומתיך) 34:13) (‖ארמנת), La 2:2, 5 (‖ id.) ψ 89:41 Ho 10:14 Am 5:9 Mi 5:10 Na 3:12, 14 Hb 1:10 Dn 11:24, 39; sq.n.pr. מ׳ צֹר 2 S 24:7 (cf. Jos 19:29 עיר מ׳ צֹר).

† מָעוֹז n.m. Ju 6:26 place or means of safety, protection (MT sfs. as if from עזז, but prob. erron., cf. BuhlLex 13 Ges§ 85 k);—מ׳ abs. Ju 6:26 +, cstr. Is 30:2 +; sf. מָעוּזִי 2 S 22:33 (but read הַמְּאַזְּרֵנִי as ‖ ψ 18:33), מָעוּזִּי ψ 31:5 +, מָעֻזּי Is 27:5 +, מָעוּזּוֹ ψ 52:9 +, מָעֻזֹּה Dn 11:10, etc. (read proposes מְעוֹזִי, etc.); pl. מָעֻזִּים v 38, 39, sf. מָעֻזְּנֶיהָ Is 23:11, read מָעֻזֶּיהָ (Ges§ 20 o CheHeb. Hpt. al.; del. d. f. in all, v. supr.);— 1. lit. place of safety 2 S 22:33, hence (c. collat. idea of strength, as if from עזז) = fastness Ju 6:26; Is 23:11, 14 (in v 14 (CheHeb. Hpt. proposes מְחוֹזְכֶם your city), Ez 24:25; 30:15; Dn 11:7, 10, 19, הַמִּקְדָּשׁ הַמּ׳ v 31, מִבְצְרֵי מָעֻזִּים v 39; מ׳ הַיָּם i.e. harbour Is 23:4, but del. Ol Du CheHpt.; מ׳ מֵאוֹיֵב Na 3:11; cf. עָרֵי מ׳ Is 17:9. 2. a. fig., of God (י׳) as refuge Na 1:7 ψ 27:1; 31:5; 37:39; 52:9; Is 25:4(×2); Jo 4:16, י׳ עֻזִּי וּמָעֻזִּי וּמְנוּסִי Je 16:19, מ׳ יְשׁוּעוֹת מְשִׁיחוֹ ψ 28:8 (‖ עָז־); so צוּר מ׳ Is 17:10 ψ 31:3, אֱלֹהֵי מ׳ 43:2; also יַחֲזֵק בְּמָעֻוִּי Is 27:5 let him lay hold of my refuge (me as refuge); cf. חֶדְוַת י׳ הִיא מָעֻזְּכֶם Ne 8:10, מ׳ לַתֹּם דֶּרֶךְ י׳ Pr 10:29. b. of a heathen god, אֱלוֹהַּ מָעֻזִּים Dn 11:38 (read מְחֹזִים cities Che Is 23:1 Heb. Hpt.). 3. fig. of human protection, מ׳ פַּרְעֹה Is 30:2, 3 (both ‖ צֵל מִצְרַיִם); אֶפְרַיִם מ׳ רֹאשִׁי ψ 60:9 = 108:9, i.e. my helmet; also (of angel) Dn 11:1 (‖ מַחֲזִיק).

† [בָּצַר] vb. cut off, make inaccessible (especially by fortifying), enclose (NH id., Aramaic בְּצַר, ܒܨܰܪ (Pa. diminish, subtract), perhaps cf. Arabic بُصْرٌ side, edge, بِصْرٌ, etc., rough stone, أَرْضٌ بَصِرَةٌ land in wh. are sharp stones (cf. Lane))— Qal Impf. יִבְצֹר ψ 76:13; 2 ms. תִּבְצֹר Lv 25:5 Dt 24:21, וַיִּבְצְרוּ Ju 9:27, תִּבְצְרוּ Lv 25:11; Pt. act. בּוֹצֵר Je 6:9, בֹּֽצְרִים Je 49:9 Ob 5; pass. m. בָּצוּר Zc 11:2 Kt (Qr בָּצִיר), f. בְּצוּרָה Is 2:15 + 3 times + Ez 21:25 v. infr.; pl. f. בְּצוּרוֹת Ez 36:35, בְּצֻרוֹת Nu 13:28 + 14 times, בְּצוּרֹת Dt 1:28 Ne 9:25, בְּצֻרֹת Dt 3:5; 9:1;—cut off, grape-clusters, ענבים Lv 25:5, cf. v 11 (obj. נזיר), Dt 24:21 Ju 9:27 (obj. in both, כרם); hence Pt. act. grape-gathering, -gatherer Je 6:9; 49:9 Ob 5; fig. cut off (= take away) ψ 76:13 (obj. רוח נגידים); most often Pt. pass. cut off, made inaccessible, De Is 2:15 = fortified, always f.; generally adj. c. עיר, ערים; Nu 13:28 Dt 1:28; 3:5; 9:1 Jos 14:12 2 S 20:6 2 K 18:13 = Is 36:1 2 K 19:25 = Is 37:26 2 Ch 17:2; 19:5; 32:1; 33:14 Ne 9:25 Is 25:2; 27:10 Ez 36:35 Ho 8:14 Zp 1:16; rarely c. חומה Dt 28:52 Is 2:15 Je 15:20; יער הב׳ Zc 11:2 (read Kt); once, subst. of secrets, mysteries (= unattainable things) Je 33:3;—ב׳ Ez 21:25 𝔊 Sm Co בְּתוֹכָהּ, doubtless right. Niph. Impf. יִבָּצֵר be withheld Gn 11:6 (מֵהֶם), Jb 42:2 (מִמְּךָ). Pi. Impf. 3 fs. תְּבַצֵּר Je 51:53 fortify; so Inf. לְבַּצֵר Is 22:10.

II. אַ֫יִל n.[m.] projecting pillar or pilaster—א׳ abs. 1 K 6:31 (but v. infr.) cstr. id. Ez 40:14 (but del. Co) 16 (Co better אֵילָיו); אֵיל 41:3, אֵל 40:48; pl. אֵילִים 40:14 +; אֵילִם 40:10; sf. אילו Kt 40:9 + 7 times; אלו Kt 40:29 + 2 times Qr (in all) אֵילָיו, אֵלָיו; אֵלֵיהֵמָֿה 40:16;—pilaster or projection in wall at each side of entrance (cf. BöProben, 302; NÄ 927), in Sol.’s temple 1 K 6:31 (BöNÄ 525 reads אֵילָם), in Ezek.’s temple Ez 40:9, 10 + 14 times Ez 40.41 + 40:14a Ew Hi Co אילם cf. 𝔊B; 40:38 read אילם so Sm Co cf. 𝔊; 40:14b Co del. ��׳.

† אַרְמוֹן n.m. Is 32:14 citadel—א׳ abs. Je 30:18 +; cstr. Is 25:2; pl. אַרְמְנוֹת abs. Am 3:9(×2); cstr. 1:4 +; אַרְמְנוֹתֵינוּ Mi 5:4 +, etc.—citadel, castle, palace, not used before royal period, mostly in prophets, especially common in Am & Je; citadel as securely barred (in sim.) Pr 18:19; א׳ בֵּית הַמֶּלֶךְ i.e. the citadel, stronghold 1 K 16:18, cf. 2 K 15:25; usually more general, of castles, palaces, prominent buildings; especially used in speaking of conquest, because the fine buildings would be especially object of attack & plunder, palaces of Isr. Am 6:8; of Jerusalem Is 32:14 (sg. coll.) La 2:5, 7; 2 Ch 36:19; ψ 48:4, 14; 122:7 cf. Ho 8:14; Mi 5:4; Am 2:5; Je 17:27; of Samaria Am 3:10, 11; also Je 6:5; 9:20 belonging to Benhadad (i.e. Aramaic) Am 1:4 Je 49:27; of Tyre Is 23:13; Am 1:10; of Babylon Is 25:2 (sg. coll.), cf. 13:22 where read אַרְמְנוֹתָיו for אלמנותיו so 𝔖 𝔗 𝔙 Che Di (‖ היכלים; cf. Ez 19:7 according to 𝔗 al.; Dl BD xi defends MT in Ez 19:7 & comp. Assyrian almattu, fortress); of Edom Is 34:13, of Gaza Am 1:7, of Rabbah 1:14, of Bozrah 1:12, of Kerioth 2:2, of Ashdod 3:9, of Egypt 3:9.

† חַלּוֹן n.m. Jos 2:18 and f. Ez 40:16 window, abs. הַחַלּוֹן Gn 26:8 + 12 times; cstr. חַלּוֹן Gn 8:6 Pr 7:6; sf. חַלּוֹנָו֯ Ez 40:22; mpl. חַלּוֹנִים Ez 40:25 + 3 times; cstr. חַלּוֹנֵי 1 K 6:4; sf. חַלּוֹנָי֑ Je 22:14 (defective pl. Ges§ 87 (1)c, dual Ew§ 177 a, but read יו סָפוֹן Mich Hi Gf Or Gie); חַלּוֹנֵינוּ Je 9:20; f. חַלּוֹנוֹת Ez 40:16 + 4 times; חַלֹּנוֹת Ct 2:9 + 3 times; window פָּתַח ח׳ open the window Gn 8:6 (P) 2 K 13:17; עלה בח׳ Je 9:20; בעד הח׳ through the window Gn 26:8 Jos 2:15 (J) Ju 5:28 1 S 19:12 2 S 6:16 = 1 Ch 15:29, 2 K 9:30 Jo 2:9; latticed windows 1 K 6:4 Ez 40:16; 41:16, 26; בּח׳ Jos 2:18, 21 (J) Pr 7:6 Zp 2:14; אֶל־הח׳ 2 K 9:32; מִן־הח׳ Ct 2:9; windows of palace, קָרַע לוֹ חַלּוֹנָי(ו) Je 22:14 cutteth him out his windows; of the gates of Ezek.’s temple Ez 40:16, 22, 25(×2), 29, 33, 36, of the temple itself Ez 41:16(×2).

† גָּג n.m. roof, top (NH id.; Di comp. Ethiopic ጋግ, ጋጋ vinculum (ferreum), jugo simil. collare ferreum; √ dub.; Thes proposes גנג; perhaps גנג (= גנגן) cover Bö§ 292 Sta§ 189 a MV)—גָּג Jos 2:6 + 9 times + 1 S 9:26 Kt (Qr גָּ֫גָה), גָּ֫גָה Jos 2:6 1 S 9:26 Qr (Kt גג); cstr. Ju 9:51 + 2 times + Ez 40:13 (del. Co v. infr.); sf. גַּגֶּ֑ךָ Dt 22:8, גַּגּוֹ Ex 30:3 + 2 times + Ez 40:13 (del. Co v. infr.); pl. גַּגּוֹת Is 37:27 + 5 times; sf. גַּגּוֹתֶיהָ Is 15:3, גַּגּוֹתֵיהֶם Je 32:29, גַּגֹּתֵיהֶם Je 19:13;— 1. roof (of house) Dt 22:8 Jos 2:6(×2), 8 Ju 16:27 1 S 9:25, 26 2 S 11:2(×2); 16:22 2 K 19:26 = Is 37:27, Ne 8:16 ψ 102:8; 129:6 Pr 21:9; 25:24 Is 15:3; 22:1 Je 48:38; as places of idolatrous worship (especially of heavenly bodies) Je 19:13; 32:29 Zp 1:5; so הַגָּג עֲלִיַּת אָחָז 2 K 23:12, roof of tower Ju 9:51, over gate 2 S 18:24, of chamber Ez 40:13(×2) (but 𝔊 Co קיר). 2. top of altar of incense, in tabern. Ex 30:3; 37:26 (both P).

[אֵילָם] n.m. porch (= אוּלָם, q.v.; only Ez, where Co always for אוּלָם, cf. 𝔊 αἰλαμ; BöNÄ 929 makes אילם vestibule, אולם porch)—אֵילָם read for אֵילִים Ez 40:37 (so Sm Co); sf. אילמו Kt Ez 40:22(×2) + 4 times (Qr אֵילַמָּיו) + 41:15 Co (for MT אֻלַמֵּי); אלמו Kt Ez 40:21 + 6 times (Qr אֵלַמָּיו).—Co all sg.:—pl. אֵלַמּוֹת Ez 40:16 (Co sg.) v 30 (del. Co cf. MSS. of ℌ, B etc., also Ew Hi Sm).—porch, of Ezek.’s temple Ez 40:16, 21 + 13 times.

† מְסִלָּה n.f. highway;—מ׳ Is 11:16 + 12 times; cstr. מְסִלַּת Is 7:3 + 3 times; sf. מְסִלָּתוֹ Jo 2:8; pl. מְסִלּוֹת Is 33:8 + 5 times; sf. מְסִלֹּתַי Is 49:11; מְסִלּוֹתָם Ju 5:20; Is 59:7;—raised way, highway, public road (never of street in city) Nu 20:19; Ju 20:31, 32, 45; 21:19; 1 S 6:12; 2 S 20:12(×2), 13; 2 K 18:17 = Is 36:2, 1 Ch 26:16, 18; Is 7:3; 11:16; 19:23; 33:8; 49:11; 59:7; Je 31:21; ישּׁר מ׳ Is 40:3; סלל מ׳ Is 62:10; in a fig. sense, of the courses of the stars Ju 5:20; the march of locusts Jo 2:8; the conduct of the upright Pr 16:17; of the ascents to Zion in the mind of the pious ψ 84:6 (𝔊: Bae reads מַעֲלוֹת).—In 2 Ch 9:11 מסלות is error for מִסְעָד(ות) of ‖ 1 K 10:12.

† I. מָצוֹר n.[m.] siege-enclosure, siege, entrenchment;—always מ׳ abs., exc. cstr. מְצוֹר Ez 4:7, sf. מְצוּרֶ֑ךָ v 8;— 1. siege מ׳ שָׂם עָלֵינוּ Mi 4:14 he hath laid siege to us, cf. וְנָתַתָּ֫ עָלֶיהָ מ׳ Ez 4:2; בּוֹא בַמּ׳ is come into a state of siege Dt 20:19; 2 K 24:10; 25:2; Je 52:5, cf. וְהָֽיְתָה בַמּ׳ Ez 4:3; יוֹשֶׁבֶת֯י בַּמּ׳ Je 10:17; מְצוֹר יְרו׳ Ez 4:7 siege of Jerus., but also מ׳ עַל־יְרו׳ Zc 12:2; יְמֵי מ׳ of duration of siege Ez 4:8; 5:2; מֵי מ׳ Na 3:14 water for a siege; in phr. בְּמ׳ וּבְמָצוֹק in the siege and stress Dt 28:53, 55, 57 Je 19:9. 2. enclosure, i.e. siege-works Dt 20:20; late = rampart Zc 9:3, עִיר מ׳ entrenched city ψ 31:22 (al. besieged), 60:11 (‖ 108:11 ע׳מִבְצָר), cf. 2 Ch 8:5; עָרִים לְמ׳ 11:5, ישְׁבִים בְּמ׳ בִּירוּשָׁלַם 32:10; מ׳ Hb 2:1 according to most (‖ מִשְׁמֶרֶת); but We der. from נצר, i.e. watch-tower, Now conj. מִצְפֶּה (cf. וַאֲצַפֶּה foll.); > Buhl conj. מְצָד—מ׳ n.pr.terr. v. p. 596.

כֹּתֶ֫רֶת, כּוֹתֶ֫רֶת n.f. capital of pillar (as surrounding, crowning its top?);—abs. כֹּתֶרֶת 1 K 7:16(×2) + 10 times; הַכּוֹתֶרֶת Je 52:22c.; pl. abs. כֹּתָרֹת 1 K 7:16 + 7 times, כֹּתָרוֹת 2 Ch 4:12(×2), 13;—capitals of pillars יָכִין and בֹּעַז 1 K 7:16(×3) + 12 times 1 K 7 = 2 Ch 4:12(×2), 13; 2 K 25:17(×3) = Je 52:22(×3).

† מִשְׁמָר n.[m.] place of confinement, gaol, prison; late, guard, watch, observance;—abs. מ׳ Gn 42:17 +; cstr. מִשְׁמַר 40:3 +; sf. מִשְׁמָרוֹ Ne 7:3, etc.; pl. sf. -רָיו 13:14;— 1. gaol, prison, מ׳ בֵּית שַׂר הַטַּבָּחִים Gn 40:3, cf. v 4 (abs.), v 7; 41:10; 42:17 (abs.), + v 30 (𝔊), בֵּית מִשְׁמַרְכֶם v 19 (all E); guard-house in camp Lv 24:12 (P), Nu 15:34 (P). 2. guard, Je 51:12; Ne 4:3, 16, אַנְשֵׁי הַמּ׳ v 17; guard-post 7:3; fig. of י׳ setting a guard, כִּי תָשִׂים עָלַי מ׳ Jb 7:12; band of (Levit.) guards or functionaries 1 Ch 26:16; Ne 12:24, 25 (cf. מִשְׁמֶרֶת); act of guarding, מִכָּל־מ׳ Pr 4:23 above all guarding watch thy heart.—לְמ׳ Ez 38:7 is doubtful, Hi Co Toy al. reserve; Krae לְמשֵׁל. 3. pl. observances, services, of temple Ne 13:14.

† עֲלִיָּה n.f. (c. adj. masc. Je 22:14, cf. AlbrechtZAW xvi (1896), 83 KöSynt. § 251 K) roof-chamber (NH id., 𝔗 עֲלִיתָא, Syriac ܥܶܠܻܝܬܳܐ (whence Arabic عُلِّيَّة dining-room as loan-wd. Frä 20 f.); Sab. עלית DHMEpigr. Denkm. 27);—chamber on roof, cool and secluded: abs. ע׳ Ju 3:23, 24, 25 (cf. NesMarg. 13), 1 K 17:19, 23 2 K 4:11; cstr. עֲלִיַת הַמְּקֵרָה Ju 3:20, ע׳־קִיר 2 K 4:10 roof-chamber with walls (permanent); ע׳ הַשַּׁעַר 2 S 19:1, i.e. over the gateway; ע׳ הַפִּנָּה Ne 3:31, 32 i.e. at a corner of the wall; ע׳ אָחָז 2 K 23:12 (prob. built by A.); sf. עֲלִיָּתוֹ 1:2 (belonging to Ahaziah));—2 Ch 9:4 read עֹלֹתָיו (cf. ‖ 1 K 10:5); pl. abs. עֲלִיּוֹת מְרֻוָּחִים Je 22:14 spacious roof-chambers; in Sol.’s temple according to 2 Ch 3:9, so sf. עֲלִיֹּתָיו 1 Ch 28:11; more gen. עֲלִיּוֹתָיו Je 22:13; י׳’s chambers in sky ψ 104:3, containing rain, v 13.

† חֵל, חֵיל n.m. Ob 20 rampart, fortress (perhaps orig. surrounding wall, cf. Sab. Denkm 91 n.2)—abs. חֵיל Na 3:8, חֵל La 2:8 + 3 times (+ ψ 10:10 Qr v. חלכה); cstr. חֵל 1 K 21:23; sf. חֵילֵךְ ψ 122:7, חֵילָהּ Zc 9:4; חֵילָה = חֵילָהּ ψ 48:11, Ol§ 40 c. 75 g. 96 e Sta§ 347 c;— 1. rampart (defined by Jews as בֶּן חוֹמָה, i.e. a little wall, cf. Ki s.v.), of an outer fortification 2 S 20:15 (others, by meton., of space between outer and inner fortif., incl. moat, v. Dr Kit); Is 26:1 La 2:8 (both ‖ חוֹמוֹת); in gen. of defences, or sea-power of Tyre וְהִכָּה בַיָּם חֵילָהּ Zc 9:4 (v. StaZAW i. 1881, 15), of No-Amon (Thebes) אֲשֶׁר חֵיל יָם מִיָּם חוֹמָתָהּ Na 3:8; of Zion ψ 122:7, also 48:14 (חילה = חֵילָהּ, cf. supr.; both ‖ ארמנותיך).—For חֵל 1 K 21:23 read prob. חֵלֶק, q.v. 2. fortress גָּלֻת הַחֵל הַזֶּה Ob 20 the exiles of this fortress (Hi-St; Or AVRV this army, חֵל = חַיִל).

† II. מְצוּדָה n.f. fastness, stronghold;—abs. מ׳ 1 S 22:4 +, מְצֻדָה 2 S 5:9, cstr. מְצֻדַת v 7; sf. מְצוּדָתִי ψ 18:3 +, מְצֻדָתִי 2 S 22:2; pl. מְצוּדוֹת ψ 31:3;—fastness of David, 1 S 22:4, 5; 24:23 (Gi v 22) 2 S 5:17; 23:14 = 1 Ch 11:16; read also מְצֻדַת עֲדֻלָּם 1 S 22:1 2 S 23:13 1 Ch 11:15, for MT מְעָרַת (v. מְעָרָה p. 792 b); of Jerus., מְצֻדַת צִיּוֹן 2 S 5:7 = 1 Ch 11:5, cf. 2 S 5:9; home of eagle Jb 39:28 (+ שֶׁן־סֶלַע); elsewhere fig. of י׳ ψ 18:3 = 2 S 22:2, ψ 31:4; 71:3 (all + סַלְעִי), 91:2 (+ מַחְסִי), 144:2 (+ חַסְדִּי, but this dub., Krochm Gr Che חִסְנִי, Dy חִזְקִ, Du סַלְעִי; poss. is מַחְסִי); also בֵּית מְצוּדוֹת 31:3.

οἰκοδομ-ή, ἡ, ={-δόμησις},{-δομία}, Refs 3rd c.BC+, proverbial Laconian dialect cited in LXX+4th c.BC+ __II = {οἰκοδόμημα}, NT+1st c.AD+

† I. כַּפְתּוֹר, כַּפְתֹּר n.m. 1. capital, 2. knob, bulb (2. perhaps earlier meaning; HoffmZAW iii. (1883), 124, comp. Syriac ܟܡܬܪܐ pear (LöwNo. 153), from shape);— 1. כַּפְתּוֹר Am 9:1 capital of pillar; so pl. sf. כַּפְתֹּרֶיהָ Zp 2:14. 2. כַּפְתֹּר, knob or bulb, ornament on the golden lamp-stand in tabernacle; 𝔊 σφαιρωτήρ, Jos Archaeology iii. 6, 7 ῥοΐσκος, small pomegranate; 𝔙 sphaerula:—Ex 25:33(×2), 35(×3) = 37:19(×2), 21(×3); sf. כַּפְתֹּרֶיהָ 25:31, 34 = 37:17, 20, כַּפְתֹּרֵיהֶם 25:36 = 37:22 (all P).

מַעֲלֶה19 n.m. Is 15:5 ascent;—מ׳ Ne 12:37; cstr. מַעֲלֵה Jos 10:10 + 14 times; מַעֲלָו֯ Ez 40:31, 34, 37; 1. ascent of hill or city: Ju 8:13; 1 S 9:11, to the royal sepulchres (in Jerus.) 2 Ch 32:33; מ׳ הַזֵּיתִית 2 S 15:30 (v. זַיִת 3); מ׳עַקְרַבִּים = Scorpion-pass, on S. border of Pal., Ju 1:36; Nu 34:4; Jos 15:3 (both P), i.e. prob. the Naḳb eṣ-ṣafâ SW. from Dead Sea BuhlGeogr. 16, 66 Di and GFM ad loc., and reff.; often def. by n.pr.loc.: מ׳ אֲדֻמִים 15:7; 18:17, S. of valley of Achor, between Jerusalem and Jericho, cf. mod. Telʿat ed-dâm BuhlGeogr. 98; v. also חוֹרֹן" dir="rtl" >בֵּית חוֹרֹן, i. גּוּר" dir="rtl" >גּוּר, ii. הֶרֶם, לוּחִית" dir="rtl" >לוּחִית, ii. צִיץ²" dir="rtl" >ציץ. 2. of stairs Ez 40:31, 34, 37; to a wall Ne 12:37; מַעֲלֵה הַלְּוִיִּם Ne 9:4.

† בִּירָה n.f. castle, palace (late & prob. loan-word; cf. Assyrian bîrtu, fortress DlHA 22; Pers. bâru = Skr. bura, bari, v. Ry Ne 2:8)— 1. of temple at Jerusalem 1 Ch 29:1, 19 הַבִּירָה; of fortress near temple Ne 2:8; 7:2 (cf. βᾶρις 𝔊L Ne 1:1; 2:8; 7:2—B ἁβιρά, βειρά—and later βᾶρις JosAnt. xv, 11, 4). 2. בְּשׁוּשַׁן הַבִּירָה Ne 1:1 Est 1:2, 5; 2:3, 5, 8; 3:15; 8:14; 9:6, 11, 12 Dn 8:2; in these passages it appar. means a fortress in the city bearing the same name (cf. especially Est 3:15; 8:14, 15; 9:6, 12, 15, 18).

† יֶ֫קֶב n.m. Pr 3:10 wine-vat (a trough or hollow excavated (חצב Is 5:2) in the rock for receiving the juice trodden out in the גַּת: Benz212 f.), sometimes also wine-press (the trough in which the grapes were trodden out);—abs. יֶ֫קֶב Is 5:2 + 4 times; יָ֑קֶב Nu 18:30; cstr. יֶ֫קֶב Ju 7:25; sf. יִקְבֶ֑ךָ Dt 15:14; 16:13; pl. יְקָבִים Jb 24:11 + 4 times; יִקְבֵי Zc 14:10; יְקָבֶיךָ Pr 3:10;—wine-vat, Is 5:2 Hg 2:16 Jo 4:13 (‖ גַּת), Pr 3:10; often ‖ גֹּרֶן, Nu 18:27, 30 Dt 15:14; 16:13 2 K 6:27 Ho 9:2 Jo 2:24; appar. of the wine-press Jb 24:11 יְקָבִים דָּֽרְכוּ, Is 16:10 (hence Je 48:33). Designating particular localities, Ju 7:25 יֶקֶב זְאֵב, Zc 14:10 יִקְבֵי הַמֶּלֶךְ (near Jerusalem).

† I. מִשְׂגָּב n.[m. AlbrZAW xvi (1896), 60] secure height, retreat;—מ׳ ψ 9:10 +; cstr. מִשְׂגַּב Is 25:12; sf. מִשְׂגַּבִּי ψ 18:3 +, etc.;— 1. a. = stronghold, מִבְצַר מ׳ חֹמֹתֶיךָ Is 25:12. b. fig. of security Is 33:16. 2. fig. of God as refuge ψ 9:10(×2), 18:3 = 2 S 22:3, ψ 46:8, 12; 48:4; 59:10, 17, 18; 62:3, 7; 94:22; 144:2.

† שְׂבָכָה n.f. lattice-work, network;—abs. ר׳ 1 K 7:18 +, pl. שְׂבָכוֹת v 41 +, שְׂבָכִים v 17;— 1. prob. window-lattice 2 K 1:2. 2. net-ornament on pillars, 1 K 7:17(×2) (om. 𝔊 Kit Benz), v 18, 20 (crpt., (cf. Kit Benz), v 41, 42(×2) 2 Ch 4:12, 13(×2) 2 K 25:17(×2) ‖ Je 52:22, 23. 3. network, toils, for catching animals (fig.) Jb 18:8 (+ רֶשֶׁת, פַּח, צַמִּים).

αὐλή, ἡ, open court before the house, courtyard, Refs 8th c.BC+ __2 steading for cattle, αὐλῆς ὑπεράλμενονRefs 8th c.BC+ __II later, court or quadrangle, round which the house was built, Refs 5th c.BC+ __III generally, court, hall, Ζηνὸς αὐ.Refs 8th c.BC+; court of a temple, ἱεροῦLXX+3rd c.BC+; any dwelling, abode, chamber, Refs 5th c.BC+, etc.; of a cave, Refs; ἀγρόνομοι αὐλαί homes of dwellers in the wild, Refs; later, country-house, Refs 1st c.BC+ __IV ἡ αὐλή the Court, αὐλὰς θεραπεύεινRefs 4th c.BC+; οἱ περὶ τὴν αὐλήν the courtiers,Refs 2nd c.BC+

παρεμ-βολή, ἡ, insertion, interpolation, ἑτέρων πραγμάτων Refs 5th c.BC+ __2 Grammars, parenthesis, Refs 2nd c.AD+ __II drawing up in battle-order, Refs 2nd c.BC+; in Tactics, insertion of men in the ranks (distinct from παρένταξις and παρεμπλοκή), Refs 1st c.BC+ __II.b company of soldiers, etc., LXX; host, Refs 2nd c.BC+ __II.2 encampment, LXX+4th c.BC+: generally, soldiers' quarters, Refs 2nd c.BC+; barracks, NT+2nd c.AD+; name of an ἄμφοδον, Refs 3rd c.AD+ __III ={παρεξειρεσία} (which see), Refs 2nd c.BC+ __IV in boxing and wrestling, π. βάλλειν trip an adversary by a twist of the leg, Refs 1st c.AD+

† סֹלְלָה n.f. mound;—ס׳ 2 S 20:15 + 7 times; סוֹלְלָה Dn 11:15; pl. סֹלְלוֹת Je 32:24; 33:4.—שָׁפַךְ ס׳ עַל־הָעִיר cast up mound against the city, besieging it, 2 K 19:32 = Is 37:33, Je 6:6; Ez 4:2; 26:8; c. אֶל 2 S 20:15 (error for על); without על העיר Ez 17:17; 21:27; Dn 11:15; without vb. Je 32:24; 33:4.

† כֶּ֫לֶא n.[m.] confinement, restraint, imprisonment;—abs. כ׳ 1 K 22:27 + 6 times; sf. כִּלְאוֹ 2 K 25:29; Je 52:33; pl. כְּלָאִים Is 42:22;—confinement, in combin. בֵּית (ה)כ׳ (cf. Assyrian bît kīli, prison, Dl HWB 328) 1 K 22:27 = 2 Ch 18:26, 2 K 17:4; Je 37:15, 18; Is 42:7; בָּֽתֵּי כְלָאִים v 22 (cf. בַּיִת 1 (ε) (2) p. 109 supr.; v. also כלוא infr.); בִּנְדֵי כִלְאוֹ 2 K 25:29 = Je 52:33 garments of imprisonment = prison-garb.

† מִלּוֹא n.pr.loc. (Thes ‘fill’ of earth, earthwork, but v. GFM Ju 9:6) SchwallyZMG lii (1898), 137 cp. Assyrian mulû = earthwork, mound, terrace, Dl 411 M-A 544;— 1. בֵּית מִלּוֹא Ju 9:6 (‖ בַּעֲלֵי שְׁכֶם) so v 20(×2); near Shechem, site unknown; 𝔊 οἶκος Βηθμααλων. 2. citadel in Jerus. הַמִּלּוֹא 2 S 5:9 1 K 9:15, 24; 11:27; 1 Ch 11:8 2 Ch 32:5. 𝔊 usually ἡ ἄκρα (A 1 K 9:15, 24 also Μελω). 3. בֵּית מִלֹּא 2 K 12:21 (+ הַיֹּרֵד סִלָּא) dub.; = 2? 𝔊 οἴκῳ Μααλω.

† מְצָד, מְצַד n.f. Je 48:41 fastness, stronghold (prop. hunting-place?);—abs. מְצָד 1 Ch 11:7; 12:6, מְצַד 12:8; pl. abs. מְצָדוֹת 1 S 23:14 +, cstr. id. v 29 (Gi, 24:1 van d. H. Baer), Is 33:16;— 1. mountain-fastness Ju 6:2 1 S 23:14, 19, 19 (v. supr.), Ez 33:27; 1 Ch 12:8(9), 16(17); מְצָדוֹת סְלָעִים Is 33:16. 2. more gen., stronghold Je 48:41; 51:30; Ez 19:9 (Baer Gi van d. H. מְצֹדוֹת id. [ii. מְצוֹדָה] Ew Hi-Sm Da al.; nets [i. מְצוֹדָה] Krae; del. Co Oort Toy); citadel of Jerusalem 1 Ch 11:7.

ἀρχι-συνάγωγος [ᾰ], ὁ, ruler of a synagogue, NT, Ramsay Cities and Bishoprics No.559:—hence ἀρχι-συνᾰγωγέω, Refs 2nd c.AD+ __II master of a guild or company, Refs

† אֲרֻבָּה n.f. lattice, window, sluice (Mish. id.)—א׳ Ho 13:3; pl. אֲרֻבּוֹת 2 K 7:2 +, cstr. id. Mal 3:10; אֲרֻבֹּת Gn 7:11; 8:2; אֲרֻבֹּתֵיהֶם Is 60:8;—lattice, latticed opening, where smoke escaped Ho 13:3; openings of dove-cote Is 60:8; metaph. of eyes Ec 12:3 (as latticed by lashes? Hi Now; only here of opening to look through); elsewhere of sluices in sky, opened by י׳, through which rain pours destructively, א׳ הַשָּׁמַיִם Gn 7:11; 8:2, cf. Is 24:18 (א׳ מִמָּרוֹם); fig. of abundance 2 K 7:2, 19; (א׳ בשׁמים); of blessing Mal 3:10 (א׳ השׁמים).

† עֲזָרָה n.f. appar. enclosure;—abs. ע׳: 1. ledge surrounding Ezekiel’s altar; הָע׳ הַתַּחְתּוֹנָה = הָע׳ הַקְּטַנָּה Ez 43:14, below הָע׳ הַגְּדוֹלָה v 14; הָע׳ alone v 17, 20; 45:19 (v. Comm.). 2. outer court of temple, הָע׳ הַגְּדֹלָה 2 Ch 4:9; with doors v 9; 6:13 (v. i. חָצֵר 3 b, and on ע׳ in Herod’s temple NowArch. ii. 78 ff.).

† מְצוּרָה n.f. siege-works, rampart;—abs. מ׳ Na 2:2 2 Ch 14:5; pl. מְצוּרוֹת 2 Ch 11:11 +, מְצֻרֹת Is 29:3, etc.;— 1. siege-works Is 29:3. 2. rampart נָצוֹר מ׳ Na 2:2 guard the rampart! (‖ צַפֵּה דֶרֶךְ; We Now der. from נצר, i.e. keep watch!), 2 Ch 11:11, עָרֵי מְצוּרָה 14:5 fortified cities, so עָרֵי (הַ)מְצֻרוֹת 11:10, 23; 12:4; 21:3.

† סֹ֫הַר n.[m.] roundness (?);—only in בֵּית הַסּ׳ Gn 39:20(×2), 21, 22, 23 (all J), 40:3, 5 (RJ), the round house (name of a prison: but ס׳ perhaps an Egyptian word Hebraized, cf. Dr in HastingsDB ii. 768 n. and EbÄgM 318f.).

δῶμα, ατος, τό, (δέμω) house, πατρώϊον ἵκετο δ. Refs 8th c.BC+; mainly poetry, but once in Refs 5th c.BC+, but never in Attic dialect Prose: also, chief room, hall, θάλαμον καὶ δ. καὶ αὐλήν Refs 8th c.BC+: hence, plural for a single house, Refs 5th c.BC+ __2 of the gods, ἀθάνατοι Ὀλύμπια δώματ᾽ ἔχοντες Refs 8th c.BC+; frequently of Pluto, δῶμ᾽ Ἀΐδαο the nether world, Refs 8th c.BC+; of a temple, Refs 5th c.BC+ __3 δῶμα Καδμεῖον, i.e. Thebes, Refs __4 housetop, LXX+NT+2nd c.AD+ __II household, family, Refs 5th c.BC+; compare δῶ.

φρέ-αρ, epigram φρεῖαρ Refs 2nd c.BC+, contraction φρητός Refs 1st c.AD+, Hdn.Gr.1.409; Epic dialect dative φρέᾰτι Refs 3rd c.BC+; plural φρέᾱτα, also φρῆτα Refs 3rd c.BC+; Epic dialect plural φρείᾰτα (see. below):—an artificial well (thus distinguished from κρήνη,Refs 5th c.BC+; but φ. ἀσφάλτον naphtha-spring, LXX+8th c.BC+; the stem φρεατ - first in Refs __2 later, tank, cistern, reservoir, Refs 5th c.BC+, etc.; εἰς φ. καταβαίνειν καὶ κολυμβᾶν Refs 5th c.BC+: generally, pit, φ. διαφθορᾶς LXX __2.b perhaps oil-jar, Refs 5th c.BC+ __3 metaphorically, εἰς φρέατά τε καὶ πᾶσαν ἀπορίαν ἐμπίπτων Refs 5th c.BC+; ἡ περὶ τὸ φ. ὄρχησις, proverbial of persons 'on the brink of a volcano', Refs 1st c.AD+; λύκος περὶ φ. χορεύει proverbial cited in Refs 5th c.AD+; πίνειν ἐξ ἀργυροῦ φρέατος, i.e. a large wine-cup, Refs 2nd c.AD+. [Attic dialect genitive φρέᾱτος Refs 5th c.BC+ genitive frhvṇτος, cf. Armenian albiur 'well', Goth. and ORefs 5th c.BC+ brunna 'stream, burn', Latin ferveo, defrutum.)

† בִּנְיָן n.m. structure (loan-word = ܒܶܢܝܳܢ according to LagBN 205) applied a. to enclosing wall of Ezekiel’s temple Ez 40:5; b. to rear-building of same 41:12(×2), 15, but read prob. בִּנְיָה q.v.; so Sm Co; c. appar. to whole temple 42:1, 10 (Co reads הבית); cf. v 5 (del. Co);—Sm refers v 1 to enclosing wall, vid. a.

† מַסְגֵּר n.[m.] 1. locksmith, smith. 2. dungeon:—always abs.: 1. coll. smiths, וְכָל־הֶחָרָשׁ וְהַמּ׳ 2 K 24:14 cf. v 16, Je 24:1; 29:2. 2. dungeon Is 24:22 (cf. סגר Pu.); fig. of exile 42:7 (הוֹצִיא מִמּ׳); הוֹצִיאָה מִמּ׳ נַפְשִׁי ψ 142:8.

† מִסְכְּנוֹת n.f.pl. supply, storage (DlPr 186);—עָרֵי (הַ)מ׳ Ex 1:11 (J), 1 K 9:19 = 2 Ch 8:6, 2 Ch 8:4; 17:12; מ׳ ע׳ 16:4 prob. corrupt (Be al.; v. עִיר); מ׳ alone 32:28 7.

ἀπο-θήκη, ἡ, any place wherein to lay up a thing, magazine, storehouse, Refs 5th c.BC+burial-place, Refs __2 refuge, Refs 5th c.BC+ __II anything laid by, store, ἀποθήκην ποιεῖσθαι ἐς τὸν Πέρσην lay up store of favour with him, Refs 5th c.BC+

δοκός, ἡ, later also ὁ, Refs 2nd c.AD+: (δέχομαι):— bearing-beam, main beam, especially in the roof or floor of a house, Refs 8th c.BC+; any balk or beam, Refs 8th c.BC+; bar of a gate or door, Refs 5th c.BC+: also, in plural, firewood, Refs 3rd c.AD+one who has 'swallowed a poker', Refs 4th c.BC+; ἐν δοκοῖσι is probably falsa lectio for{ἐνδόκοισι} in Refs 7th c.BC+ __II a kind of meteor, Refs 1st c.AD+

† דָּיֵק n.m. bulwark, siege-wall—דָּיֵק 2 K 25:1 + 5 times—בנה ד׳ עליה סביב 2 K 25:1 = Je 52:4; cf. Ez 4:2; 17:17; 21:27 (all ‖ שׁפך סֹלֲלָה); נתן ד׳ על Ez 26:8 (‖ id.)

ληνός, Doric dialect λᾱνός Refs 3rd c.BC+: ἡ:— anything shaped like a tub or trough, Refs 5th c.BC+; especially __1 winevat in which the grapes are pressed, Refs 3rd c.BC+ __2 trough, for watering cattle, watering-place for them, LXX __3 ={κάρδοπος}, kneading-trough, Refs 4th c.BC+ __4 socket into which the mast fitted, ={ἱστοπέδη}, Refs 2nd c.BC+ __5 coffin, Refs 5th c.BC+ __6 part of the brain, the meeting-point of the sinuses of the dura mater, still called torcular Herophili, Refs 3rd c.BC+ __7 hollow of a chariot, Refs 5th c.AD+ __8 in plural, the lower parts of the nose, Refs 2nd c.AD+

† אַתִּיק n.m. id. Ez 42:3(×2); pl. אַתִּיקִים Ez 42:5; 41:15 Qr, v. אתוק Kt; v 16 הָאַתִּיקִים (Co del.).

† I. גַּת n.f. wine-press (contracted from גַּנְתְּ = יְגַנְתְּ)—abs. גַּת Ju 6:11 + 3 times; גִּתּוֹת Ne 13:15;—wine-press, lit. חֹבֵט חִטִּים בַּגַּת Ju 6:11 beating out wheat in the wine-press, to hide it from Midian; the juice of the grapes was pressed out by treading, דֹּרֵךְ בְּג֑ת Is 63:2 (in sim.), but also as acc. דֹּרְכִים גִּתּוֹת Ne 13:15; in fig. of judgment, גַּת דָּרַךְ אֲדֹנָי לִבְתוּלַת וגו׳ La 1:15 a wine-press hath Adonay trodden for the virgin daughter of Judah; also רְדוּ כִּי מָֽלְאָה גַּת Jo 4:13 (רדה only here with גַּת).—On the form and use of wine-press, and Heb. synonyms, v. Smith DB (art. wine-press) BenzArch.. 212 f. RobBR iii, 137 Schick ZPV x, 1887, 146, 150, and Pl. v. vii. Anderlind ZPV xi, 1888, 166 f.

† קוֹרָה n.f. rafter, beam (proposes a thing meeting, fitting into, another);—sf. קֹרָתִי Gn 19:8 (J) =my roof-tree; pl. קֹרוֹת rafters, abs. 2 Ch 3:7, cstr. ‖ 1 K 6:15b (reading קוֹרוֹת הַסִּכֻּן 𝔊 Th Kit Benz, for MT קִירוֹת), + 7:7b (reading הַקּוֹרוֹת for הַקַּרְקָ֑ע, v. ק׳); Ct 1:17 (‖ רחיטנו Kt, רָהִיטֵנוּ Qr); more gen. beam, sg. abs. קוֹרָה 2 K 6:2, 5.

δεσμ-ωτήριον, τό, prison, Refs 5th c.BC+: plural, = Latin ergastula, Refs 1st c.AD+

† כלוא Qr כְּלִיא Kt n.[m.] id.;—בֵּית הַכּ׳ Je 37:4; 52:31 (v. כֶּלֶא supr.)

† מַהְפֶּ֫כֶת n.f. stocks or similar instrum. of punishment (compelling crooked posture, or distorting), mentioned rather late; as punishment for Jeremiah הַמּ׳ אֲשֶׁר בְּשַׁעַר בִּנְיָמִן Je 20:2 (𝔊 εἰς τὸν καταράκτην κ.τ.λ.), cf. אֶל־הַמּ׳ 29:26 (𝔊 εἰς τὸ ἀπόκλεισμα; ‖ אֶל־הַצִּינֹק, 𝔊 εἰς τὸν καταράκτην, but order of words perhaps reversed in 𝔊); הַמַּהְפָּ֑כֶת 20:3; בֵּית הַמַּהְפֶּכֶת assigned also to Asa’s time 2 Ch 16:10 (𝔊 εἰς φυλακήν; 𝔊L εἰς οἶκον φυλακῆς; cf. Acts 16:24, where εἰς ρὴν ἐσωτέραν φυλακήν, + εἰς τὸ ζύλον).

† מֶחֱזָה n.f. light, place of seeing, window, מֶחֱזָה אֶל־מֶחֱזָה light over against light 1 K 7:4(×2), 5(×2).

† צְרִיחַ n.[m.] perhaps excavation, underground chamber;—צ׳ abs. Ju 9:49, cstr. v 46; pl. צְרִחִים 1 S 13:6;—used as hiding-places 1 S 13:6 (+ מְעָרוֹת, חֲוָחִים, סְלָעִים, בֹּרוֹת); as refuge Ju 9:46 (where connected with shrine), v 49 (Vrss stronghold; on uncertainty of meaning v. GFM).

ἀποσυν-άγωγος [ᾰγ], ον, expelled from the synagogue, NT

δεσμο-φύλαξ [ῠ], ακος, ὁ, gaoler, NT+1st c.BC+

στέγ-η, Doric dialectand Aeolic dialect στέγα, ἡ, roof, NT+5th c.BC+; παρέχειν τινὶ σ. give one shelter, Refs 4th c.BC+ __2 ceiling, Refs 7th c.BC+ __II roofed place, chamber, room, Refs 5th c.BC+; covered vestibule, Refs; ἕρκειος σ., of a tent, Refs 5th c.BC+; a hare's seat or form, Refs; ἐκ κατώρυχος σ., of the grave, Refs __II.2 storey of a house, Refs 3rd c.BC+; ἡ ἀνωτάτη σ. Refs 1st c.BC+; αἱ στέγαι the upper storeys, Refs 4th c.BC+ __II.3 frequently in plural, house, dwelling, Refs 4th c.BC+; κατὰ στέγας at home, Refs 5th c.BC+; ἐπελεῦσαι τῷ ἀνδρὶ ἐπὶ στέγαν to the man's house, Refs 5th c.BC+ __III deck of a ship, in Latin stega, Refs 3rd c.BC+

συναιχμᾰλωτ-ος, ὁ, fellow-prisoner, NT+2nd c.AD+:—feminine συναιχμᾰλώτ-ωτις, ιδος, Refs 1st c.BC+

τήρ-ησις, εως, ἡ, watching, safe-keeping, guarding, ἀφύλακτος ἡ τ. Refs 5th c.BC+; τῆς οἰκίας Refs 3rd c.AD+; ἀξιώματος Refs 5th c.BC+; [πλούτου] Refs 1st c.BC+; preservation, e.g. of health, Refs 2nd c.AD+; observance, νόμων, ἐντολῶν, LXX+NT+2nd c.BC+ __2 vigilance, Refs 5th c.BC+ __3 means of keeping or guarding, τὰς λιθοτομίας.., ἀσφαλεστάτην τ. the quarries.., the most secure place of custody, NT+5th c.BC+ __II observing, observation, τῶν καθόλου συμβαινόντων (as Empiric term) Refs 2nd c.AD+

† אֵסוּר n.m. Ju 15:14 band, bond (Aramaic אֱסוּר, ܐܰܣܘܽܪܳܐ; on the form v. Ges§ 84 a 12. R.) אֲסוּרָיו, of Samson Ju 15:14; אֲסוּרִים Ec 7:26 of hands of evil woman; בֵּית הָאֵסוּר = prison Je 37:15.

† [אָסֹף] n.[m.] what is gathered, store, hence בֵּית הָאֲסֻפִּים store-house, near south gate of temple 1 Ch 26:15 (cf. 2 Ch 25:24); v 17 הָא׳ alone in same sense; cf. אֲכֻפֵּי הַשְּׁעָרִים Ne 12:25.

† II. אֲרִאֵיל n.[m.] hearth, altar-hearth (𝔊 Ἀριηλ; from ארה with ל aff. according to Ew§ 163 g Ol§ 220 Sm Ez 43:15 Di Is 29:1 al.; but this formation very rare & here dub.; 𝔗 Hi De Brd Or Is 29:1 der. from אל + ארי = hearth of Ēl, v. also RSSem i. 469, who thinks of pillar-altars; cf. אראלדודה MI12 v. Sm & So, and DrSm xci)—אראיל Kt Ez 43:15, 16; (Qr אֲרִיאֵל); = הַרְאֵל v 15 (Vrss Co אריאל), all c. art.,—of altar-hearth in Ezekiel’s temple.

† I. עָב [עֹב] n.m. archit. term, meaning unknown; projecting roof is conjectured (Sm Co Berthol); others landing (Da); AV RV thick beam or plank, RVm threshold; Benz Kit Toy leave untranslated; in any case a structure of wood;—abs. וְעַסֻּדִים וְעָב 1 K 7:6; appar. cstr. וְעָב עֵץ אֶל־פְּנֵי הָאוּלָם מֵהַחוּץ Ez 41:25; pl. (si vera l.) הָעֻבִּים v 26.

† [פַּרְוָר] n.[m.] structure (colonnade?) attached to W. side of Solomon’s temple; pl. פַּרְוָרִים 2 K 23:11; appar. same word in sg. פַּרְבָּר 1 Ch 26:18(×2) (all c. art.) (Thes cp. Pers. فَرْوَار open kiosk, summer-house (lit. light-bearer), whence perhaps פ׳ as loan-word, cf. Mishn. פַּרְזָור, פַּרְוָאר, 𝔗 פַּרְוָורָא suburb (Thes); פ׳ then post-ex. insertion in 2 K 23:11).

ἀναβαθ-μός, ὁ, flight of steps, stair, Refs 5th c.BC+by degrees, Refs 1st c.AD+

θῠρίς, ίδος, ἡ, diminutive of θύρα, window, Refs 5th c.BC+; window-frame, ἐναρμόσαι εἰς ἑκάστην τὴν θ. (opening) χαλκᾶς θ. (frames) Refs __b audience-window of the king or high officials in Egypt, Refs 4th c.BC+ __2 opening at each end of a bee's cell, Refs 4th c.BC+ __3 valve of a bivalve fish, Refs __4 in plural, embrasures in battlements, Refs 1st c.BC+ __II in plural, planks, boards, Refs 2nd c.AD+; tablets, Refs 5th c.AD+ __II.2 cell of wasps, Refs 4th c.BC+

κατα-κλείω, old Attic dialect κατακλῄω Refs 5th c.BC+future κατακλιῶ uncertain in Refs 5th c.BC+:—middle, aorist -εκλεισάμηνRefs 5th c.BC+ —passive, aorist -εκλῄσθην, -εκλείσθην (see. below); Ionic dialect -εκληΐσθηνRefs 5th c.BC+; Doric dialect -εκλᾴσθηνRefs 3rd c.BC+: perfect -κέκλῃμαιRefs 5th c.BC+ __I with accusative person, shut in, enclose, e. g. a mummy in its case, Refs 5th c.BC+; κ. εἰς πολιορκίαν, εἰς δυσχωρίας, NT+1st c.BC+, i.e. not to be a cosmopolite, Refs 5th c.BC+:—passive, ἐς τὸ τεῖχος κατακλῄεσθαι Refs 5th c.BC+; ὅταν ἐς [νεφέλας] ἄνεμος κατακλῃσθῇ Refs 5th c.BC+:—middle, shut oneself up, ἐν τοῖς βασιλείοις Refs 5th c.BC+; also κατεκλᾴζετο shut up the bride with oneself [in the bridal-chamber], Refs 3rd c.BC+:—passive, κατεκλᾴσθης Refs __I.2 metaphorically, νόμῳ κ. shut up, i.e. compel, oblige, ἂν.. πᾶσαν τὴν δύναμιν νόμῳ κατακλείσητε ἐπὶ τῷ πολέμῳ μένειν Refs 5th c.BC+ __I.3 metaphorically, τῆς πόλεως εἰς κίνδυνον μέγιστον κατακεκλειμένης being reduced, Refs 4th c.BC+: generally, confine, ἐν τῷ κατὰ φύσιν πέρατι -κέκλειται τἀγαθόν Refs 5th c.BC+; κατακλείειν τὸ πᾶν τῆς τέχνης εἰς.. confine the whole business of art to.., Refs 3rd c.AD+ __II c.accusative of things, shut up, close, τὰς πυλίδας Refs 5th c.BC+; τὸ ἐργαστήριον Refs 5th c.BC+:—in passive, of humours in the body, Refs 5th c.BC+ __II.2 clamp down, make fast, of stones in masonry, Refs; also κ. [τὴν δεξιάν] Refs 2nd c.AD+ __II.3 close a speech, conclude, Refs 3rd c.AD+; εἰς ἀπειλὴν κ. τὸν λόγον with a threat, Refs 1st c.BC+; οὐ κ. διάνοιαν give no complete sense, Refs; conclude an argument or inference, Refs 1st c.BC+

† [אָסָם] n.m. Pr 3:10 storehouse (Aramaic אסנא, id., ܐܰܣܳܢܳܐ store, supply) pl. sf. אֲסָמֶיךָ Dt 28:8; Pr 3:10.

† אֶשְׁנָב n.[m.] window-latticce (אשנב Ecclus 42:11); abs. א׳ Ju 5:28; sf. אֶשְׁנַבִּי Pr 7:6 (both ‖ חַלּוֹן).

† [בִּירָנִית] n.f. fortress, fortified place (late); only pl. abs. בִּירָנִיּוֹת וְעָרֵי מִסְכְּנוֹת 2 Ch 17:12 built by Jehoshaphat; בּ׳ וּמִגְדָּלִים 27:4 built by Jotham.

† מְגוּרָה n.f. store-house, granary Hg 2:19.

† מַדְרֵגָה n.f. steep place, steep,—מ׳ Ct 2:14 (‖ סֶ֫לַע), pl. הַמַּדְרֵגוֹת Ez 38:20 (‖ ההרים and חומה).

† II. [מְצוֹדָה] n.f. fastness, stronghold;—sf. מְצֹדָתָהּ Is 29:7 (of Ariel);—pl. Ez 19:9 v. מְצָד.

† סַד n.[m.] stocks, for confining feet of culprits (prob. loan-word from Aramaic סַדָּנָא סַדָּא, ܣܰܕܳܐ; NH סַד, pl. סַדִּין); = Lat. nervus, Gk. ποδοκάκη;—abs. שִׂים בַּסּ׳רַגְלַיִם Jb 13:27 (𝔊 κώλυμα), 33:11 (𝔊 ξύλον); (cf. syn. מַהְפֶּכֶת, and Gk. equiv. there cited).

—

† פּוּרָה n.f. wine-press;—פ׳ דָּרַכְתִּי Is 63:3 (v. דָּרַךְ 3); disting. from יֶקֶב, and perhaps part of it, Hg 2:16 (reading מִפּ׳, so Sm Now; usually measure of juice from one filling of the פ׳, v. Ke).

† [שָׁקוּף, שְׁקוּף] n.m. 1 K 6:4 frame, casing of windows;—pl. חַלּוֹנֵי שְׁקֻפִים 1 K 6:4 windows of narrowing frames, so read also, inserting שׁ׳, Ez 41:16 (Co Toy; > Krae Berthol read שׁ׳ for שְׂחִיף v b); שׁ׳ alone 1 K 7:4.

βαθμ-ός or βασμός, ὁ, (βαίνω) step, threshold, LXX+5th c.BC+; degree on the dial, LXX; fifteen degrees of the zodiac, Refs 2nd c.AD+; interval in a musical scale, Refs 4th c.AD+ __2 rung of a ladder, Refs 2nd c.AD+ __3 base or plinth of a tower, Refs __II metaphorically, step, degree in rank (οἱ β. κλίμακος προκοπὴν σημαίνουσι NT+2nd c.AD+; simply, degree, τολμημάτων βαθμοί Refs 1st c.AD+; step in an argument, Refs 6th c.AD+; of a genealogy, ἀπωτέρω δυοῖν β. two steps farther back, i.e. farther back than one's grandfather, Refs 1st c.AD+ __III tax paid on stairs, Refs 2nd c.AD+

ἐνδόμ-ησις, εως, ἡ, thing built in, structure, τοῦ τείχους NT; especially mole or breakwater, Refs 1st c.AD+; compare ἐνδώμησις.

ὀχῠρ-ωμα, ατος, τό, stronghold, fortress, prison, LXX+5th c.BC+

συγ-κάμπτω, bend, τὸ σκέλος Refs 5th c.BC+; of legs, arms, spine, etc., LXX: intransitive, bend down,LXXpassive, opposed to ἐκτείνεσθαι, Refs 5th c.BC+; συγκεκαμμένος τοῖς δακτύλοις with the fingers doubled up. Refs 3rd c.AD+; especially of the action of sitting down, συγκαμφθεὶς κάθημαι Refs 5th c.BC+; of the foetus in the womb, Refs 2nd c.AD+; of the chest in phthisis, Refs 5th c.BC+; of animals lying down with their knees bent under them, σ. ἡ βοῦς Refs 4th c.BC+:—in passive also, bend together with, ἐπιφανείας -εσθαι τοῖς σώμασιν Refs 1st c.AD+

συγκύπτω, bend forwards, stoop and lay heads together, παιδάρια συγκύψανθ᾽ ἅμα βληχᾶται Refs 5th c.BC+; σ. πρὸς ἀλλήλας, of mares, Refs 4th c.BC+ they do it in concert, Refs 5th c.BC+ __2 draw together, ἢν συγκύπτῃ τὰ κέρατα τοῦ πλαισίου Refs 5th c.BC+ __II to be bowed down, bent double, as under a burden, NT+2nd c.AD+; μελανίᾳLXX

ὑπολήνιον, τό, vessel placed under a press to receive the wine or oil, vat, LXX+NT+2nd c.AD+ adjective, κρατῆρας -ίους uncertain meaning in Refs 1st c.BC+

φῠλᾰκ-ίζω, throw into prison, NT:— passive, LXX

† [אתוק] n.m. gallery, porch (deriv. uncertain) Ez 41:15 Kt ואתוקיהא, Qr וְאַתִּיקֶיהָא, Co (q.v.) וקירותיהָ.

† בְּאֵר n.f. Gn 26:21 well, pit, mostly Hex, Gn 23 times Ex 1 times Nu 5 times, 37 times in all; Arabic بِئْرٌ, Aramaic בְּאֵרָא, בֵּיר, בֵּירָא, ܒܻܪܳܐ, Sab. באר DHMZMG 1875, 608, Assyrian bêru, LyonSargon 61 (connexion with above √ not clear; Lagl.c. spring of water, as coming to light, appearing; possible, although meaning in use rather well, than spring; v. however, Gn 16:14 cf. v 7; 26:19 Nu 21:17)—בּ׳ abs. Gn 21:30 +; cstr. 21:19 +; sf. בְּאֵרֶ֑ךָ Pr 5:15; Pl. abs. בְּאֵרֹת Gn 26:15; cstr. id. 26:18; cf. חֵמָר" dir="rtl" >בֶּאֱרֹת בֶּאֱרֹת חֵמָר Gn 14:10;— 1. a well, often as made by digging (חָפַר) Gn 21:25, 30 (E), 26:15, 18, 19, 21, 22, 32 (all J), also poet. Nu 21:18 (+ כרה) vid. also v 16, 17 (where the well addressed, in song, עֲלִי בְאֵר); also c. כרה in prose Gn 26:25; also with no ref. to its origin Gn 16:14 (J; ‖ עַיִן v 7) 29:2 Ex 2:15 (J) Nu 20:17 21:22 (E) 2 S 17:18, 21; בְּאֵר (ה)מַיִם Gn 21:19 (E) 24:11 (J; ‖ עַיִן vv 13, 16, 43, 45); (cf. also 21:25; 26:18 supr. & especially v 19 בְּאֵר מַיִם חַיִּים); water taken from it by drawing (שָׁאַב) Gn 24:11, 20; flocks watered from it (הִשְׁקָה מִן־) 29:2, 3, 8, 10 (cf. especially Ex 2:16 they drew, דלה, and filled the troughs); also שְׁתֵה מַיִם … מִתּוֹךְ בְּאֵרֶ֑ךָ Pr 5:15 (‖ בּוֹר); the opening called פִּי הַבְּאֵר Gn 29:2, 3(×2) 8, 10; cf. פְּנֵי הַבּ׳ 2 S 17:19 (read prob. פּי so Sam. 𝔗 𝔖 𝔙, cf. Dr); fig. of fresh delights of woman beloved Ct 4:15 מַעְיַן גַּנִּים בְּאֵר מַיִם חַיִּים וְנוֹזְלִים מִן־לְבָנוֹן. 2. pit (= בּוֹר); pits of bitumen Gn 14:10 (cf. supr.); בְּאֵר שַׁחַת ψ 55:24 pit of (the) grave; cf. 69:16 וְאַל־תֶּאְטַר עָלַי בְּאֵר פִּיהָ and let not (the) pit shut its mouth over me (‖ מְצוּלָה); fig. of strange woman בְּאֵר צָרָה a narrow pit, out of which rescue is difficult Pr 23:27 (‖ שׁוּחָה עֲמֻקָּה). 3. as n.pr.loc. a. c. ָה loc. בְּאֵ֫רָה a station of Isr. in desert Nu 21:16, possibly = בְּאֵר אֵילִים Is 15:8. b. same form Ju 9:21, according to Euseb. LagOnom.238, 2nd ed. 250 8 miles north of Eleutheropolis; cf. RobBR i. 452 who comp. el-Bîreh, near Beth-shemesh.

—

† בִּירְתָא (Baer -תָּא) n.f. emph. castle (so Egyptian Aramaic RÉS 361, A 5; B 1, 2 S-C Pap. B 3, C 16 +; Nab. = temple CIS ii. 164. 3; BH בִּירָה);—Ezr 6:2.

† בִּנְיָה n.f. structure, building Ez 41:13, cf. also בִּנְיָן.

† [בִּנְיָן] n.[m.] a building (so 𝔗 Syriac);—emph. בִּנְיָנָא Ezr 5:4.

† בִּצָּרוֹן n.[m.] stronghold, לְב׳ Zc 9:12.

† III. [גֵּב] n.[m.] beam, rafter? (Thes sub גוב, but meaning & √ dub.), גֵּבִים 1 K 6:9; but LagArmen. Stud. § 499, M i.212; BN 155 reads גֻּבְּדִים (Pers. گنبد, Armen. γμβεθ) vaulted roofs.

† [גַּנְזַךְ] n.[m.] treasury (NH גנזכה treasure; loan-wd. from or through Pers. cf. supr. & LagGes Abh. 28), וְגַנְזַכָּיו 1 Ch 28:11. 𝔊 τῶν ζακχὼ αὐτοῦ; but 𝔊L τῶν ἀποθηκῶν αὐτοῦ.

† II. אֲרִאֵיל n.[m.] hearth, altar-hearth (𝔊 Ἀριηλ; from ארה with ל aff. according to Ew§ 163 g Ol§ 220 Sm Ez 43:15 Di Is 29:1 al.; but this formation very rare & here dub.; 𝔗 Hi De Brd Or Is 29:1 der. from אל + ארי = hearth of Ēl, v. also RSSem i. 469, who thinks of pillar-altars; cf. אראלדודה MI12 v. Sm & So, and DrSm xci)—אראיל Kt Ez 43:15, 16; (Qr אֲרִיאֵל); = הַרְאֵל v 15 (Vrss Co אריאל), all c. art.,—of altar-hearth in Ezekiel’s temple.

† חֵל, חֵיל n.m. Ob 20 rampart, fortress (perhaps orig. surrounding wall, cf. Sab. Denkm 91 n.2)—abs. חֵיל Na 3:8, חֵל La 2:8 + 3 times (+ ψ 10:10 Qr v. חלכה); cstr. חֵל 1 K 21:23; sf. חֵילֵךְ ψ 122:7, חֵילָהּ Zc 9:4; חֵילָה = חֵילָהּ ψ 48:11, Ol§ 40 c. 75 g. 96 e Sta§ 347 c;— 1. rampart (defined by Jews as בֶּן חוֹמָה, i.e. a little wall, cf. Ki s.v.), of an outer fortification 2 S 20:15 (others, by meton., of space between outer and inner fortif., incl. moat, v. Dr Kit); Is 26:1 La 2:8 (both ‖ חוֹמוֹת); in gen. of defences, or sea-power of Tyre וְהִכָּה בַיָּם חֵילָהּ Zc 9:4 (v. StaZAW i. 1881, 15), of No-Amon (Thebes) אֲשֶׁר חֵיל יָם מִיָּם חוֹמָתָהּ Na 3:8; of Zion ψ 122:7, also 48:14 (חילה = חֵילָהּ, cf. supr.; both ‖ ארמנותיך).—For חֵל 1 K 21:23 read prob. חֵלֶק, q.v. 2. fortress גָּלֻת הַחֵל הַזֶּה Ob 20 the exiles of this fortress (Hi-St; Or AVRV this army, חֵל = חַיִל).

—

† III. חָרוּץ n.[m.] trench, moat (Aramaic חֲרִיצָא; Assyrian ḫariṣu, ḫiriṣu, id., DlHWB)—only in רְחוֹב וְח׳ Dn 9:25, si vera l.; as above Ges Herzf Ew Zö Meinh (q.v.); Gr רְחוֹב וחיץ; רְחוֹב וָחוּץ with public places and streets.

† חֲרַכִּים n.[m.]pl. lattice or other opening through which one may look (Aramaic חֲרַכָּא 𝔗 Jos 2:15 al. = Heb. חַלּוֹן; but NH חֲרָךְ is an opening smaller than a window)—only מֵצִיץ מִן־הַח׳ Ct 2:9 peeping in at the lattice (‖ מַשְׁגִּיחַ מִן־הַחַלֹּנוֹת).

[כַּוָּה NöGGA 1884, 1019] n.f. window (𝔗 כַּוְּתָא, Syriac ܟܰܘܬܳܐ cf. SchulthLex. 91 (sub ܟܘ), hence Arabic كُوَّة, كَوَّة id., as loan-word Frä 13);—pl. abs. כַּוִּין פְּתִיחָן Dn 6:11 (cf. S-CJ 6).

† [כִּיר] n.[m.] cooking-furnace ( Mishn. כִּירָה)—frangible, only du. כִּירַיִם Lv 11:35 (c. תַּנּוּר), perhaps as supporting two pots (Ki); 𝔊 χυτρόποδες.

† כָּפִיס n.m. appar. (si vera l.) term. techn. for some beam in a house, perhaps rafter, or girder (NH id., Levy, Jastrow, but according to HoffmZAW ii. 1881, 71 it is changed from oblong block of wood (O. textual) to a building-stone, or brick in Mish.);—only Hb 2:11 for a stone out of the wall crieth out, וְכ׳ מֵעֵץ יַעֲנֶנָּה and a rafter out of the timber-work answereth it.

† [מַאֲבוּס] n.[m.] granary (= place of fodder;? Ass. bît abûsâti DlW 46) pl. sf. מַאֲבֻסֶיהָ Je 50:26.

† [מָ֫זוּ] n.m. garner (on format. cf. Ol§ 144 b, 197 b)—only Pl. sf. מְזָוֵינוּ מְלֵאִים ψ 144:13 our garners are full (word inflected as if מְ were radical; cf. Oll.c.)

† מַמְּגֻרוֹת n.f.pl. id., Jo 1:17 (‖ אֹצָרוֹת; but 𝔊 ληνοί, Me גתות).

† I. [מָצוֹד] n.m. in pl., dub., usually siege-works;—מְצוֹדִים גְּדֹלִים Ec 9:14, but read מְצוּרִים WklAltor. Forsch. i. 353, v. מָצוֹר 2, p. 849 a.

† מְקָרֶה n.[m.] beam-work;—Ec 10:18.

† II. מִשְׂגָּב perhaps n.pr.loc. in Moab;—הַמּ׳ Je 48:1 (v. SchwallyZAW viii (1888), 196 Albrl.c.), Αμαθ; Gf thinks appell. of Ḳir Moab (v. ii. קִיר); most sub i. מ׳ 1.

† סוּגַר n.[m.] cage, prison (poss. loan-word from Assyrian šigaru, cage (BaNB 22); NH סוּגָר 6 or chain = Syriac ܣܽܘܓܳܪܳܐ (clog of) 6 whence Arabic سَاجُورٌ 6 (as loan-word), Frä 114 PräBAS i. 372);—וַיִּתְּגֻהוּ בַסּוּגַר Ez 19:9 and they put him into a cage.

† סֻלָּם n.m. ladder;—Gn 28:12 (E).

† סִפֻּן n.[m.] ceiling;—abs. הַסּ׳ 1 K 6:15.

† II. צֹ֫הַר n.f. prob. roof (cf.Arabic Assyrian TelAm. back; > Thes Di al. light, window);—צ׳ תַּעֲשֶׂה לַתֵּבָה Gn 6:16.

† צִינֹק n.[m.] pillory;—Je 29:26 (‖ מַהְפֶּכֶת).

† צֶ֫פֶת n.f. appar. plated capital of pillar 2 Ch 3:15.