Prison and Confinement

† I. בּוֹר n.m. Gn 37:20 pit, cistern, well (= בְּאֹר, MI בר, Arabic بُؤْرَةٌ hole or hollow for cooking, Assyrian bûrtum DlPr 182, bûru Lotz TP 169)—בּ׳ abs. Gn 37:22 +; בֹּר Ex 21:33 (2 S 23:20 Qr, v. באר supr.); cstr. בּוֹר 2 K 10:14 + (2 S 23:15, 16 Qr, v. באר supr.); בֹּ֫רָה (ָה loc.) Gn 37:24; sf. בּוֹרוֹ Is 36:16 = בֹּרוֹ 2 K 18:31; בּוֹרֶ֑ךָ Pr 5:15; pl. בֹּרוֹת Gn 37:20 + 3 times; בֹּרֹת Dt 6:11:— 1. cistern, containing water, made by digging (חצב) Dt 6:11 2 Ch 26:10 Ne 9:25; also (without ref. to origin) Pr 5:15 (‖ בְּאֵר), Lv 11:36 (‖ מַעְיָן), 1 S 19:22 Is 36:16 = 2 K 18:31. 2. later appar. well (= בְּאֵר) 1 Ch 11:17, 18 = Qr 2 S 23:15, 16 (yet now no well at Bethlehem RobBR i. 470, 473 cf. also Surveyiii. 28 Guérin Judée i. 130) cf. Ec 12:6 & Je 6:7 Kt כְּהָקִיר בו֯ר מֵימֶיהָ as a well casteth out its water (Qr בַּיִר); but הקיר perhaps keep cool, fresh 𝔊 𝔙 Hi Gf 3. pit Ex 21:33 (vb. פתח), v 33 (כרה), cf. v 34; cf. fig. ψ 7:16 of wickedness (‖ שַׁחַת; vb. כרה, חפר); 1 S 13:6 as hiding-place; 2 S 23:20 (Qr) = 1 Ch 11:22 2 K 10:14 בּוֹר בֵּית עֵ֫קֶד; of pit into wh. Joseph was cast Gn 37:20, 22, 24 (וְהַבּוֹר רֵק אֵין בּוֹ מ֑יִם) v 28, 29(×2) (JE) cf. further Je 41:7, 9; fig. of Sarah as mother of Israel מַקֶּבֶת בּ׳ Is 51:1; fig. of calamity ψ 40:3 בּוֹר שָׁאוֹן; cf. ψ 88:7 בּ׳ תַּחְתִּיּוֹת. 4. dungeon (pit with no water in it Je 38:6 Zc 9:11 cf. Gn 37:24 supr.) Gn 40:15; 41:14 (E) Is 24:22 Je 38:6(×2) (בּ׳ אֵין מַיִם) v 7, 9, 10, 11, 13; also בֵּית הַבּוֹר prison Ex 12:29 Je 37:16; fig. of exile Zc 9:11 (מִבּוֹר אֵין מַיִם בּוֹ); cf. also La 3:53, 55. 5. (poet. & late; never c. art.) pit of the grave Pr 28:17; so אַבְנֵי ב׳ stones of the pit Is 14:19 (of sepulchre, walled with stones) & of Sheʾôl ψ 30:4 (‖ שׁאול); יַרְכְּתֵי ב׳ loins of (the) pit, i.e. remotest pit Is 14:15 (‖ שׁאול) Ez 32:23 especially in phrase יוֹרְדֵי בוֹר those going down to (the) pit ψ 28:1; 143:7 Is 38:18 Ez 26:20; 32:25, 29, 30; also, (‖ שׁאול), ψ 88:5 Pr 1:12; further Ez 26:20 32:18, 24 (all ‖ אֶרֶץ תַּחְתִּיּוֹת), 31:14, 16 (both ‖ אֶרֶץ תַּחְתִּית; v 14 ‖ also מָוֶת, v 16 שְׁאוֹל).

φῠλᾰκ-ή, ἡ, (φύλαξ) watching or guarding, especially by night, φυλακῆς μνήσασθε Refs 8th c.BC+; φυλακὰς ἔχειν keep watch and ward, Refs; φ. κατέχειν Refs 5th c.BC+; φυλακὴ ἔχει αὐτόν watching engages him, variant in Refs 8th c.BC+ tell an unarmed man to stand on the defensive, i.e. to give commands that cannot be obeyed, Refs 5th c.BC+; ὅπως ἀφανὴς εἴη ἡ φ. that there might be nothing visible to watch, Refs 5th c.BC+; φυλακὰς φυλάξειν keep watch and ward, Refs 5th c.BC+; φυλακὰς καταστήσασθαι, κατασκευάσασθαι, Refs 5th c.BC+ __2 watch or guard, of persons, NT+5th c.BC+; φ. τοῦ σώματος a body guard, Refs 5th c.BC+, etc.; garrison of a place or fortress, Refs 5th c.BC+; ἡ ἐν τῇ Ναυπάκτῳ φ., of a squadron of ships, Refs 5th c.BC+ __2.b the rank of φύλακες, Refs 5th c.BC+ __3 station, post, Refs 8th c.BC+; Διὸς φ., Refs 4th c.BC+ name for the centre of the universe, Refs 4th c.BC+ __4 of time, a watch of the night, ἐπεὰν τῆς νυκτὸς ἦ δευτέρη φ. Refs 5th c.BC+; πρώτης φ. ἀρχομένης Wilcken Refs 3rd c.BC+; φυλακαῖσι νυκτέροισιν Refs 5th c.BC+: of these there were three, accusative to Refs 5th c.BC+; but five are mentioned in Refs 7th c.BC+; and the Roman division was four, NT __5 place for keeping others in, ward, prison, δημοσία φ. NT+1st c.BC+; πολιτικὴ φ. the town-prison, Refs 1st c.AD+ __6 Astrology texts ={ταπείνωμα}, Refs __II guarding, keeping, preserving, whether for security or custody, ἐν φυλακῇ ἔχειν τινά Refs 5th c.BC+; τὸν Ἰσθμὸν ἔχειν ἐν φ. to keep the Isthmus guarded or occupied, Refs; τὸν ἠνείκαντο γλώσσης χαρακτῆρα τοῦτον ἔχειν ἐν φ. to preserve the same character of language, Refs 6th c.BC+; στόματος φυλακᾷ κατασχεῖν φθόγγον probably in Refs 4th c.BC+; ἐν φ. σχεθέμεν μεγάλᾳ be very ware of, Refs 5th c.BC+; φυλακὴν ἔχειν, ={φυλάττεσθαι}, keep guard, be on the watch, περί τινα Refs 5th c.BC+; φ. ἔχειν μή.. Refs 5th c.BC+; φ. λαμβάνειν μή.. Refs 4th c.BC+; δεινῶς ἦσαν ἐν φυλακῇσι were straitly on their guard, Refs 5th c.BC+ __II.2 custody of property, Refs 4th c.BC+ __II.3 safeguard, τὴν μεγίστην φ. ἀνῄρηκε τῆς πόλεως its chief safeguard, Refs 5th c.BC+; δημοκρατίας, μοναρχίας φ., Refs 5th c.BC+ __III (from middle) precaution, πολλῆς φ. ἔργον Refs 5th c.BC+ __III.2 with genitive, precaution against, εὐλάβεια φ. κακοῦ Refs 5th c.BC+

† מִשְׁמָר n.[m.] place of confinement, gaol, prison; late, guard, watch, observance;—abs. מ׳ Gn 42:17 +; cstr. מִשְׁמַר 40:3 +; sf. מִשְׁמָרוֹ Ne 7:3, etc.; pl. sf. -רָיו 13:14;— 1. gaol, prison, מ׳ בֵּית שַׂר הַטַּבָּחִים Gn 40:3, cf. v 4 (abs.), v 7; 41:10; 42:17 (abs.), + v 30 (𝔊), בֵּית מִשְׁמַרְכֶם v 19 (all E); guard-house in camp Lv 24:12 (P), Nu 15:34 (P). 2. guard, Je 51:12; Ne 4:3, 16, אַנְשֵׁי הַמּ׳ v 17; guard-post 7:3; fig. of י׳ setting a guard, כִּי תָשִׂים עָלַי מ׳ Jb 7:12; band of (Levit.) guards or functionaries 1 Ch 26:16; Ne 12:24, 25 (cf. מִשְׁמֶרֶת); act of guarding, מִכָּל־מ׳ Pr 4:23 above all guarding watch thy heart.—לְמ׳ Ez 38:7 is doubtful, Hi Co Toy al. reserve; Krae לְמשֵׁל. 3. pl. observances, services, of temple Ne 13:14.

† כֶּ֫לֶא n.[m.] confinement, restraint, imprisonment;—abs. כ׳ 1 K 22:27 + 6 times; sf. כִּלְאוֹ 2 K 25:29; Je 52:33; pl. כְּלָאִים Is 42:22;—confinement, in combin. בֵּית (ה)כ׳ (cf. Assyrian bît kīli, prison, Dl HWB 328) 1 K 22:27 = 2 Ch 18:26, 2 K 17:4; Je 37:15, 18; Is 42:7; בָּֽתֵּי כְלָאִים v 22 (cf. בַּיִת 1 (ε) (2) p. 109 supr.; v. also כלוא infr.); בִּנְדֵי כִלְאוֹ 2 K 25:29 = Je 52:33 garments of imprisonment = prison-garb.

† סֹ֫הַר n.[m.] roundness (?);—only in בֵּית הַסּ׳ Gn 39:20(×2), 21, 22, 23 (all J), 40:3, 5 (RJ), the round house (name of a prison: but ס׳ perhaps an Egyptian word Hebraized, cf. Dr in HastingsDB ii. 768 n. and EbÄgM 318f.).

† מַסְגֵּר n.[m.] 1. locksmith, smith. 2. dungeon:—always abs.: 1. coll. smiths, וְכָל־הֶחָרָשׁ וְהַמּ׳ 2 K 24:14 cf. v 16, Je 24:1; 29:2. 2. dungeon Is 24:22 (cf. סגר Pu.); fig. of exile 42:7 (הוֹצִיא מִמּ׳); הוֹצִיאָה מִמּ׳ נַפְשִׁי ψ 142:8.

δεσμ-ωτήριον, τό, prison, Refs 5th c.BC+: plural, = Latin ergastula, Refs 1st c.AD+

† כלוא Qr כְּלִיא Kt n.[m.] id.;—בֵּית הַכּ׳ Je 37:4; 52:31 (v. כֶּלֶא supr.)

† מַהְפֶּ֫כֶת n.f. stocks or similar instrum. of punishment (compelling crooked posture, or distorting), mentioned rather late; as punishment for Jeremiah הַמּ׳ אֲשֶׁר בְּשַׁעַר בִּנְיָמִן Je 20:2 (𝔊 εἰς τὸν καταράκτην κ.τ.λ.), cf. אֶל־הַמּ׳ 29:26 (𝔊 εἰς τὸ ἀπόκλεισμα; ‖ אֶל־הַצִּינֹק, 𝔊 εἰς τὸν καταράκτην, but order of words perhaps reversed in 𝔊); הַמַּהְפָּ֑כֶת 20:3; בֵּית הַמַּהְפֶּכֶת assigned also to Asa’s time 2 Ch 16:10 (𝔊 εἰς φυλακήν; 𝔊L εἰς οἶκον φυλακῆς; cf. Acts 16:24, where εἰς ρὴν ἐσωτέραν φυλακήν, + εἰς τὸ ζύλον).

δεσμο-φύλαξ [ῠ], ακος, ὁ, gaoler, NT+1st c.BC+

συναιχμᾰλωτ-ος, ὁ, fellow-prisoner, NT+2nd c.AD+:—feminine συναιχμᾰλώτ-ωτις, ιδος, Refs 1st c.BC+

τήρ-ησις, εως, ἡ, watching, safe-keeping, guarding, ἀφύλακτος ἡ τ. Refs 5th c.BC+; τῆς οἰκίας Refs 3rd c.AD+; ἀξιώματος Refs 5th c.BC+; [πλούτου] Refs 1st c.BC+; preservation, e.g. of health, Refs 2nd c.AD+; observance, νόμων, ἐντολῶν, LXX+NT+2nd c.BC+ __2 vigilance, Refs 5th c.BC+ __3 means of keeping or guarding, τὰς λιθοτομίας.., ἀσφαλεστάτην τ. the quarries.., the most secure place of custody, NT+5th c.BC+ __II observing, observation, τῶν καθόλου συμβαινόντων (as Empiric term) Refs 2nd c.AD+

† אֵסוּר n.m. Ju 15:14 band, bond (Aramaic אֱסוּר, ܐܰܣܘܽܪܳܐ; on the form v. Ges§ 84 a 12. R.) אֲסוּרָיו, of Samson Ju 15:14; אֲסוּרִים Ec 7:26 of hands of evil woman; בֵּית הָאֵסוּר = prison Je 37:15.

κατα-κλείω, old Attic dialect κατακλῄω Refs 5th c.BC+future κατακλιῶ uncertain in Refs 5th c.BC+:—middle, aorist -εκλεισάμηνRefs 5th c.BC+ —passive, aorist -εκλῄσθην, -εκλείσθην (see. below); Ionic dialect -εκληΐσθηνRefs 5th c.BC+; Doric dialect -εκλᾴσθηνRefs 3rd c.BC+: perfect -κέκλῃμαιRefs 5th c.BC+ __I with accusative person, shut in, enclose, e. g. a mummy in its case, Refs 5th c.BC+; κ. εἰς πολιορκίαν, εἰς δυσχωρίας, NT+1st c.BC+, i.e. not to be a cosmopolite, Refs 5th c.BC+:—passive, ἐς τὸ τεῖχος κατακλῄεσθαι Refs 5th c.BC+; ὅταν ἐς [νεφέλας] ἄνεμος κατακλῃσθῇ Refs 5th c.BC+:—middle, shut oneself up, ἐν τοῖς βασιλείοις Refs 5th c.BC+; also κατεκλᾴζετο shut up the bride with oneself [in the bridal-chamber], Refs 3rd c.BC+:—passive, κατεκλᾴσθης Refs __I.2 metaphorically, νόμῳ κ. shut up, i.e. compel, oblige, ἂν.. πᾶσαν τὴν δύναμιν νόμῳ κατακλείσητε ἐπὶ τῷ πολέμῳ μένειν Refs 5th c.BC+ __I.3 metaphorically, τῆς πόλεως εἰς κίνδυνον μέγιστον κατακεκλειμένης being reduced, Refs 4th c.BC+: generally, confine, ἐν τῷ κατὰ φύσιν πέρατι -κέκλειται τἀγαθόν Refs 5th c.BC+; κατακλείειν τὸ πᾶν τῆς τέχνης εἰς.. confine the whole business of art to.., Refs 3rd c.AD+ __II c.accusative of things, shut up, close, τὰς πυλίδας Refs 5th c.BC+; τὸ ἐργαστήριον Refs 5th c.BC+:—in passive, of humours in the body, Refs 5th c.BC+ __II.2 clamp down, make fast, of stones in masonry, Refs; also κ. [τὴν δεξιάν] Refs 2nd c.AD+ __II.3 close a speech, conclude, Refs 3rd c.AD+; εἰς ἀπειλὴν κ. τὸν λόγον with a threat, Refs 1st c.BC+; οὐ κ. διάνοιαν give no complete sense, Refs; conclude an argument or inference, Refs 1st c.BC+

† סַד n.[m.] stocks, for confining feet of culprits (prob. loan-word from Aramaic סַדָּנָא סַדָּא, ܣܰܕܳܐ; NH סַד, pl. סַדִּין); = Lat. nervus, Gk. ποδοκάκη;—abs. שִׂים בַּסּ׳רַגְלַיִם Jb 13:27 (𝔊 κώλυμα), 33:11 (𝔊 ξύλον); (cf. syn. מַהְפֶּכֶת, and Gk. equiv. there cited).

φῠλᾰκ-ίζω, throw into prison, NT:— passive, LXX

† סוּגַר n.[m.] cage, prison (poss. loan-word from Assyrian šigaru, cage (BaNB 22); NH סוּגָר 6 or chain = Syriac ܣܽܘܓܳܪܳܐ (clog of) 6 whence Arabic سَاجُورٌ 6 (as loan-word), Frä 114 PräBAS i. 372);—וַיִּתְּגֻהוּ בַסּוּגַר Ez 19:9 and they put him into a cage.

† צִינֹק n.[m.] pillory;—Je 29:26 (‖ מַהְפֶּכֶת).