H5362b H5362b
Go around, encircle, surround; to circuit, close in on hostilely, or complete a cycle of time
A verb of circular motion that ranges from military siege to liturgical procession. Enemies 'surround' the psalmist like a closing net (Ps 17:9; 22:17), and armies encircle cities under siege (2 Kgs 6:14). But the same root describes Israel's triumphant march around Jericho (Josh 6:3, 11) and the psalmist's invitation to 'walk about Zion' in wonder (Ps 48:12). Spanish distinguishes the moods well — 'rodearán' for hostile encirclement, 'rodeando' for neutral circling. In one striking instance (Lev 19:27), it refers to rounding off the hair of the temples, and in Job 1:5, to the completion of a cycle of feast days.
Senses
1. surround or encircle hostilely — To surround or encircle with hostile intent — enemies, dangers, or divine judgment closing in from all sides. Psalm 17:9 describes deadly foes who 'encircle me,' and Psalm 22:17 echoes the same with 'dogs have surrounded me.' Job 19:6 uses it of God's net closing around a sufferer. In 2 Kings 6:14, the Aramean army surrounds Dothan by night. Spanish 'rodearán/rodearon' and the consistent Hifil stem emphasize deliberate, purposeful encirclement meant to trap or destroy. 9×
AR["أَحَاطَتْ","أَحْدَقَتْ-بِي","أَطَبَقَتْ","فَيُحِيطُ","وَأَحاطوا","وَأَحَاطَ","وَتُحِيطُونَ","يُحِيطُونَ"]·ben["আমাকে-ঘেরাও-করে","আমাকে-বেষ্টন-করেছে","আর-বেষ্টন-করুক","এবং-ঘিরে-ফেললেন","এবং-ঢেকে-ধরেছেন","এবং-তোমরা-ঘেরবে","ঘিরে-ফেলল","ঘেরাও-করেছে","বেষ্টন-করেছে"]·DE["[הקיף]","[הקיפה]","[והקיפו]","[ויקף]","sie-schliessen-in","umgeben","umringen-mich","und-du-soll-surround","und-sie-surrounded"]·EN["He-has-closed","and-surrounded","and-they-surrounded","and-will-surround","and-you-shall-surround","encircle-me","has-encircled","surround","they-close-in"]·FR["[הקיפה]","[והקיפו]","[ויקף]","et-ils-entoura","et-tu-devra-entoure","frapper","le-frapper","הקיף"]·heb["הקיף","הקיפה","הקיפו","הקיפוני","ו-הקיפו","ו-הקפתם","ו-יקיפו","ו-יקף","יקיפו"]·HI["उन्होंने-घेरा","और-घेर-लिया","और-घेरें","और-घेरोगे","घेर-लिया","घेर-लिया-है-मुझे","घेरते-हैं","घेरा","वय्यक्किपू"]·ID["Dan-mengepung","Dia-melingkari","dan-Ia-mengepung","dan-kamu-akan-mengepung","dan-mereka-mengepung","mengelilingi","mengepung"]·IT["[והקיפו]","circondo'","colpire","completare","e-colpire","e-essi-circondò","e-tu-dovrà-circonda"]·jav["Lan-panjenengan-sami-ngepung","Lan-sami-ngubengi","Nutupi","lan-ngepung","lan-ngubengi","ngubengi","ngubengi-kula","sampun-ngubengi"]·KO["그리고-그-가-둘러샀네","그리고-너희가-둘러싸라","그리고-둘러샀다","그리고-둘러싸라","둘러싸나이다","둘러싸니","둘렀나니","에워싸였음이라","에워죄나이다"]·PT["E-cercareis","E-cercarão","cercou","e-cercaram","e-cercou","me-cercam","me-rodearam","rodearam-me"]·RU["и-окружат","и-окружил","и-окружили","и-окружите","обошёл","обрушился","обступило-меня","окружают","охватили"]·ES["Y-rodearán","Y-rodearéis","ha-cerrado.","me-cercaron","me-han-cercado","me-rodean","rodeó","y-ha-rodeado","y-rodearon"]·SW["Na-watamzunguka","amenizunguka","imezunguka","na-kunizunguka","na-mtamzunguka","na-wakazunguka","wamenizunguka","wananizunguka","zimenizunguka"]·TR["Ve-kuşatacak","kusatti","ve-cevrelediler","ve-kuşattı","ve-çevreleyeceksiniz","çevirdi-beni","çevreledi","çevreledle","çevrelerler"]·urd["اور-گھیر-لیا","اور-گھیرا","اور-گھیرو","اور-گھیریں","گھیر-لی-ہے","گھیر-لیا-مجھے","گھیرا","گھیرتے-ہیں"]
2. go around in circuit — To go around, circuit, or encircle in a non-hostile sense — a processional march, architectural description, or surveying movement. Joshua 6:3 and 6:11 describe Israel circling Jericho as a ritual act of faith, while Psalm 48:12 invites pilgrims to 'go around Zion, encircle her.' In 1 Kings 7:24 and 2 Chronicles 4:3, it describes ornamental gourds encircling the rim of the bronze sea. Spanish 'cercando' and 'rodeando' capture the neutral, descriptive quality of movement around a perimeter. 6×
AR["تَدُورُ","دائِراً","دائِرينَ","مُحِيطَةٌ","وَ-أحيطوا-بِها"]·ben["ও-পরিক্রমা-কর-তাকে","ঘুরে-আসুক","প্রদক্ষিণ-করবে","প্রদক্ষিণ-করে","বেষ্টন-করছিল"]·DE["[ינקפו]","[מקיפים]","encircling","und-gehen-um-ihr"]·EN["and-go-around-her","encircling","let-them-go-around"]·FR["[ינקפו]","[מקיפים]","encircling","et-le-frapper"]·heb["הקף","ו-הקיפו-ה","יחזרו","מקיפים"]·HI["और-प्रदक्षिणा-करो-उसकी","घूमें","घेरती-थीं","घेरते-हुए","चक्कर-लगाकर","चक्कर-लगाना"]·ID["berputar","melingkari","mengelilingi","mengitari"]·IT["[מקיפים]","colpire","e-circondo'","encircling"]·jav["Sion","dipun-lampahi","mubeng","ngubengi"]·KO["그리고-둘러싸소서-그것-을","돌아","돌아라","돌아오게-하라","둘른","둥러싸고-있는"]·PT["circundando","e-circundai-a","girem"]·RU["и-обходите-его","обходя","окружающие","охватывающие","пусть-совершаются"]·ES["cercando","que-cumplan-su-ciclo","rodeando","y-circúndenla"]·SW["bahari","mzunguke","mzunguko","na-mzunguke","wakiizunguka","ziendelee"]·TR["donecek","kuşatanlar","saran","ve-çevresinde-yürüyün","çevresine"]·urd["اور-گھیرو","گزریں","گھیرتے-ہوئے","گھیرے ہوئے تھے"]
3. round off or cut around — To round off or cut in a circular fashion — specifically the prohibited practice of rounding the corners of the head in Leviticus 19:27. This lone occurrence applies the root's circular-motion meaning to the act of trimming hair around the temples, a practice associated with pagan mourning rites. Spanish 'cortaréis en redondo' (you shall cut in a circle) makes the spatial geometry explicit in a way that English 'round off' only hints at. 1×
AR["تُقَصِّرُونَ"]·ben["কাটবে"]·DE["round-weg"]·EN["round-off"]·FR["round-off"]·heb["תקפו"]·HI["छांटोगे"]·ID["kamu-memangkas"]·IT["round-via"]·jav["ngethok"]·KO["둥글게-할-것이다-너희는"]·PT["arredondareis"]·RU["округляйте"]·ES["cortaréis-en-redondo"]·SW["mtakata"]·TR["keseceksiniz"]·urd["گول-کرو"]
4. complete a cycle — To complete a full cycle of recurring events — days, feasts, or appointed times coming full circle. In Job 1:5, after Job's sons 'had completed' their round of feast days, Job would rise early to offer sacrifices. Isaiah 29:1 uses the Qal imperfect: 'let feasts run their round.' Spanish 'terminaban' (they were finishing) and the temporal context show this is about cyclical completion rather than spatial movement. The root metaphor of going around naturally extends to the idea of time coming back to its starting point. 1×
AR["دارَتْ"]·ben["শেষ-হত"]·DE["[הקיפו]"]·EN["had-completed"]·FR["הקיפו"]·heb["הקיפו"]·HI["पूरे-होते-थे"]·ID["berputar"]·IT["completare"]·jav["sampun-rampung"]·KO["돌아왔을"]·PT["completavam"]·RU["завершались"]·ES["terminaban"]·SW["zilipokwisha"]·TR["tamamladılar"]·urd["گزر-جاتے-تھے"]
Related Senses
G0846 1. third-person pronoun reference (5552×)H???? 1. (4670×)H0935 1. come, arrive (Qal) (2413×)H6213a 1. do, perform, act (2383×)H0776 1. land, country, territory (2323×)G1473 1. first person singular pronoun (2084×)H3318 1. Qal: go out, depart, come forth (891×)H7725 1. to return, come/go back (Qal) (874×)H8033 1. There (locative adverb) (835×)H5927 1. go up, ascend (Qal) (779×)H7971 1. to send, dispatch (Qal) (701×)G2064 1. come / arrive (physical movement toward) (588×)G4160 1. do, act, perform (473×)H7760a 1. put, place, set physically (444×)H5221 1. Hifil: to strike in battle, smite enemies (362×)H5307 1. Qal: fall down physically (339×)H5375 1. Qal: to lift up, raise (330×)H8064 1. heavens / sky (329×)H5439 1. around, all around (spatial) (319×)H5975 1. to stand, stand up (310×)
BDB / Lexicon Reference
II. [נָקַף] vb. go around (intrans.), (Ecclus 45:9 Hiph. ויקיפהו surround something with (2 acc.); Pf. 3 fs. הקיפה 43:12 (acc. + ב instr.); NH Hiph. הִקִּיף = BH; also = cling to, be attached, joined to, and so Aramaic אַקֵּיף (Aph.), ܢܩܶܦ );— Qal Impf. חַגִּים יִנְקֹ֑פוּ Is 29:1 (fig.) let feasts go around, i.e. run the round (of the year). Hiph. Pf. הִקִּיף Jb 19:6; 3 fs. הִקִּ֫יפָה Is 15:8; 3…