H7554 H7554
Beat, stamp, spread out; hammer metal into plates; overlay with hammered metal
A verb rooted in the physical action of beating or pounding flat, ranging from cosmic creation to metalwork. God 'spreads out' the earth and hammers out the firmament (Job 37:18; Isa 42:5; 44:24), the same root behind raqia', the 'expanse' of Genesis 1. In anger, Ezekiel stamps his foot (Ezek 6:11), and David crushes enemies underfoot (2 Sam 22:43). Spanish 'extender' and French 'etendre' capture the stretching motion, while 'batir' and 'marteler' reflect the craftsman's hammer beating gold into thin sheets (Exod 39:3; Num 16:39). The word bridges the workshop and the cosmos with a single vivid image of force applied to flatten and spread.
Senses
1. spread out (heavens/earth) — To spread out or stretch forth something vast, especially the heavens or the earth, with God as the agent of cosmic creation. In Job 37:18 Elihu asks, 'Can you, with him, spread out the skies, hard as a cast metal mirror?' Isaiah uses it twice (42:5; 44:24) to celebrate God as the one who stretched out the earth. Spanish 'extender' and French 'etendre' consistently capture this expansive cosmic act. The noun raqia' (firmament/expanse) derives from this same root, making it foundational to biblical cosmology. 4×
AR["بَاسِطُ", "لِـ-بَاسِطِ", "هَلْ-تَبْسُطُ"]·ben["তুমি-কি-ছড়িয়ে-দিতে-পারো", "বিছানোকারীকে", "মেলে-ধরি", "যিনি-মেলে-ধরেন"]·DE["[רקע]", "[תרקיע]", "zu-der-einer-spreading-out"]·EN["Spreader-of", "can-you-spread-out", "to-the-one-spreading-out"]·FR["[רקע]", "à-étendre", "תרקיע"]·heb["ל-רוקע", "רוקע", "תרקיע"]·HI["फैलाएगा-क्या-तू", "फैलाने-वाला", "फैलानेवाले-को"]·ID["Apakah engkau membentangkan", "Kepada-yang-membentangkan", "yang-menghamparkan"]·IT["[לרקע]", "[רקע]", "can-voi-spread-fuori"]·jav["Dhateng-ingkang-njereng", "Ingkang-ngèbètaken", "Punapa-panjenengan-masang"]·KO["네가-펼치겠느냐", "펴신-이-에게", "펼치는", "펼치신-자"]·PT["Ao-que-estendeu", "Estendeste", "estendedor-de", "estendendo"]·RU["распростёр-ли", "распростёршему-", "расстилающий"]·ES["Al-que-extendió", "extendedor-de", "¿Extiendes"]·SW["aliyeeneza", "aliyetandaza", "anayetandaza", "utaeneza"]·TR["Yaydın-mı", "serana-", "seren"]·urd["بچھانے-والا", "بچھنے-والا", "پھیلائے گا", "پھیلانے-والے-کا"]
2. stamp or trample underfoot — To stamp with the foot or trample underfoot, expressing violent contempt or military conquest. David declares he stamped his enemies like dust (2 Sam 22:43), while Ezekiel is commanded to stamp with his foot and clap as a gesture of contemptuous grief over Israel's abominations (Ezek 6:11). The Ammonites stamp their feet in malicious joy over Jerusalem's fall (Ezek 25:6). Spanish 'patear' and English 'stamp' convey the forceful, percussive foot-strike that communicates both military power and emotional intensity. 3×
AR["أَرْضُهُمْ", "وَ-اِدْعَسْ", "وَدَقِّكَ"]·ben["আমি-মাড়াব-তাদের", "আর-পা-ঠোকাও", "আর-মাড়িয়েছ-তুমি"]·DE["[ורקע]", "[ורקעך]", "ich-spread-ihnen"]·EN["I-spread-them", "and-stamp", "and-you-stamped"]·FR["et-étendre", "je-étendit-eux"]·heb["ארקע-ם", "ו-רקע", "ו-רקעתך"]·HI["और-पटक", "पीटूंगा-उन्हें"]·ID["aku-menginjak-mereka", "dan-hentakkanlah", "dan-menghentak-"]·IT["[ורקע]", "[ורקעך]", "io-stese-loro"]·jav["kula-idhak", "lan-idaka", "lan-panjenengan-ndhupak"]·KO["그리고-구르기를-너의", "그리고-구르라", "나를-펼친다-그들을"]·PT["e-pisoteia", "e-teu-bater", "espalho-os"]·RU["и-топни", "раздавлю-их", "хлопал"]·ES["los-aplasté", "y-patea", "y-pateaste"]·SW["na-ukakanyaga", "na-ukanyage", "nikawasagasaga"]·TR["ez-yazıyordum-onları", "ve-ez", "ve-yere-vurdun"]·urd["اور-پٹکا-تُو-نے", "روندتا-ہوں-اُنہیں", "و-پٹک"]
3. hammer into thin plates — To beat or hammer metal into thin sheets or plates, a technical metalworking sense appearing in the Piel and Pual stems. In Exodus 39:3 craftsmen hammer gold into thin plates and cut them into threads for the priestly ephod, and in Numbers 16:39 the censers of Korah's rebels are hammered into plating for the altar. Jeremiah 10:9 describes beaten silver imported from Tarshish. Spanish 'batir' and French 'marteler' highlight the artisan's repeated hammer blows that transform a lump of metal into a delicate sheet. 3×
AR["فَ-طَرَقُوهَا", "مَطْرُوقَةٌ", "وَ-رَقَّعُوا"]·ben["এবং-তারা-পিটালো", "এবং-তারা-পিটিয়ে-ফেলল", "পিটানো"]·DE["[מרקע]", "und-hammered-ihnen", "und-sie-getrieben"]·EN["and-hammered-them", "and-they-hammered", "beaten-into-plates"]·FR["[מרקע]", "et-hammered-eux", "et-ils-martelé"]·heb["ו-ירקעו", "ו-ירקעום", "מרוקע"]·HI["और-पीटा", "और-पीटे", "पीटी-हुई"]·ID["Dan-menempa", "dan-ditempa", "ditempa"]·IT["[מרקע]", "e-essi-martellò", "e-hammered-loro"]·jav["Lan-dipuntempa", "ingkang-dipun-gepyok", "lan-nglarakaken"]·KO["그리고-늦었다", "그리고-두드렸다", "두드린-"]·PT["E-bateram", "batida", "e-estenderam-os"]·RU["и-расковали", "и-расплющили-их", "кованое"]·ES["Y-batieron", "batida", "y-los-batieron"]·SW["iliyofuliwa", "na-wakafulia", "na-wakavifua"]·TR["Ve-dövdüler", "dövülmüş", "ve-dövdüler"]·urd["اور-پیٹا", "پیٹی-ہوئی"]
4. overlay with hammered metal — To overlay or plate an object by spreading hammered metal over it, a specialized extension of the metalworking sense. Isaiah 40:19 describes the craftsman who casts an idol and then overlays it with gold. The Piel stem here emphasizes the completeness of the covering action, moving from the act of hammering into sheets (sense 3) to the application of those sheets as decorative plating on a finished object. 1×
AR["يُغَشِّيهِ"]·ben["মোড়ায়-তাকে"]·DE["[ירקענו]"]·EN["overlays-it"]·FR["[ירקענו]"]·heb["ירקענו"]·HI["मढ़ता-है-उसे"]·ID["menyepuhnya"]·IT["[ירקענו]"]·jav["nglapis"]·KO["입히느니라-그것을"]·PT["a-reveste"]·RU["покрывает-его"]·ES["lo-recubre"]·SW["ataifunika"]·TR["kaplar-onu"]·urd["اُسے-منڈھتا-ہے"]
Related Senses
G3588 1. definite article (18298×)H0853 1. definite direct object marker (10915×)G2532 1. (8312×)H3068 1. YHWH (the divine name) (6522×)G0846 1. third-person pronoun reference (5552×)H0834a 1. relative pronoun (who/which/that) (4839×)H???? 1. (4670×)H3588a 1. causal: because, for (3498×)G1161 1. and (2806×)H3478 1. Israel (proper name and nation) (2507×)H0935 1. come, arrive (Qal) (2413×)H6213a 1. do, perform, act (2383×)G1473 1. first person singular pronoun (2084×)G4771 1. you (plural address) (1853×)H1931 1. personal pronoun he/she/it (1431×)G3739 1. relative pronoun who/which/that (1149×)H1732 1. David (proper name) (1075×)H2088 1. this, this one (demonstrative) (1059×)G1063 1. (1047×)G3778 1. this thing, these things (1003×)
BDB / Lexicon Reference
† [רָקַע] vb. beat, stamp, beat out, spread out (NH id.; Hiph., Aramaic רְקַע Aph., both spread out, and deriv.; Syriac ܪ��ܰܥ press down (Lk 6:38 𝔊), spread out, also consolidate; Arabic رَقَعَ patch, put on a patch, repair, cf. Chr-Pal. ܡܪܩܥܐ patch, ܡܪܘܩܥܢܝܬܐ swaddling-bands, SchwallyIdiot. 90; Ph. מרקע platter, or bowl, of gold CISi. 90, 1);— Qal Impf. 1 s. sf. אֶרְקָעֵם 2 S 22:43 I will stamp…