H5782 H5782
To rouse, awaken, stir up; in Qal, to wake from sleep; in Hifil, to cause awakening or incite action; in Piel, to rouse intensively.
Few Hebrew verbs carry as much dramatic energy as 'ur. At its most literal, it describes the simple act of waking from sleep — Deborah is called to 'awake, awake!' in her great victory song (Judg 5:12), and the beloved in the Song of Songs pleads that love not be stirred before its time. But the word scales from bedroom to battlefield to cosmic stage: God 'stirs up' the spirit of Cyrus to release Israel (2 Chr 36:22; Ezra 1:1), rouses nations against Babylon (Jer 50:41), and is himself urged by the psalmist to 'awake' on behalf of his people. The Hifil causative dominates, reflecting how often Scripture depicts awakening as something caused — by God, by circumstances, or by desperate human plea. Arabic 'ayqaza (to awaken) and Korean 깨우다 (to rouse someone) both confirm the causative as a lexicalized sense, not just a grammatical derivation.
Senses
1. Hifil: to awaken, stir up (causative) — Hifil causative: to awaken someone, stir up, incite — the most frequent sense at 38 occurrences. God is the typical agent, stirring up the spirit of kings (2 Chr 36:22; Ezra 1:1), rousing nations for judgment (Jer 6:22; 50:41), or awakening a protective instinct like an eagle stirring its nest (Deut 32:11). Arabic yuqizu ('he awakens') and German erwecken both select dedicated causative vocabulary here, while Spanish despertar and Korean 깨우다 confirm the caused-awakening frame. The theological pattern is striking: human agents rarely 'stir up' well — it is God's prerogative to awaken history. 38×
AR["أوقِظُ", "أَيْقَظَ", "أُثِيرُ", "استَيقِظ", "استَيقِظي", "اسْتَيْقِظْ", "فَ-أَثارَ", "مُهَيِّجٌ", "وَأَيْقَظَ", "يُوقِظُ"]·ben["আমি-জাগ্রত-করব", "আর-জাগ্রত-করলেন", "ও-জাগ্রত-করল", "জাগ", "জাগাচ্ছি", "জাগো", "জাগ্রত-করছি", "জাগ্রত-করলেন", "জাগ্রত-করেছিলেন", "জাগ্রত-করেছে", "জাগ্রত-করেছেন", "তিনি-জাগ্রত-করেন"]·DE["aufwachen", "die-Stadt", "erwecken", "ich-wird-awaken", "stir-hinauf", "und-erwecken", "von-Stadt"]·EN["He-awakens", "I-will-awaken", "am-stirring-up", "and-stirred-up", "awake", "has-stirred-up", "stir-up", "stirred", "stirred-up", "stirring-up"]·FR["[ויער]", "de-ville", "la-ville", "le-éveiller", "éveiller"]·heb["אעירה", "העיר", "העירה", "ו-יער", "יעיר", "מעיר", "עורה"]·HI["उठाऊंगा", "उठाता-हूं", "और-जगाया", "जगाऊँगा", "जगानेवाला-हूँ", "जगानेवाला-हूँ-मैं", "जगाया", "जगाया-था", "जगाया-है", "जाग", "वह-जगाता-है"]·ID["Dan-membangkitkan", "Dia-membangunkan", "bangunlah", "membangkitkan", "menggerakkan", "yang-membangkitkan"]·IT["[ויער]", "da-citta", "da-città", "la-citta", "la-città", "risvegliare", "sveglio'"]·jav["Lan-mbangkitaken", "Lan-nggugah", "Mugi-tangi", "Mugi-wungu", "Panjenenganipun-nggugah", "Tangia", "Yéhuwah-sampun-nggugah", "ingkang-nggugah", "kula", "manah", "nggugah", "ngosikaken", "ngoyak", "ngugahaken", "sampun-nggugah", "tetep"]·KO["-내가-일으키리라", "그-와-일으키셨다", "그가-일깨우셨다", "그리고-일으켰다", "깨소서", "깨어나라", "깨어나소서", "깨우리라", "깨우리이다", "깨우셨다", "깨우시느니라", "깨우신", "일으키리라", "일으키셨느뇨"]·PT["Desperta", "Despertai", "Despertou", "E-despertou", "desperta", "despertando", "despertarei", "despertou"]·RU["Пробудись", "Я", "возбужу", "и-возбудил", "и-побудил", "побуждаю", "пробудил", "пробудись", "пробуждает", "пробуждаю", "разбужу"]·ES["Despierta", "Despiértate", "Y-despertó", "despertando", "despertaré", "despertó", "despierta", "despierto", "ha-despertado"]·SW["Amka", "Na-akaamsha", "Na-akachochea", "aliamsha", "ameamsha", "amka", "anaamsha", "heiyr", "ninaamsha", "ninawaamsha", "nitaamsha", "nitawaamsha"]·TR["Uyan", "Ve-uyandırdı", "uyaandirdr", "uyan", "uyandiran", "uyandirdi", "uyandirdir", "uyandıracağım", "uyandıran", "uyandırdı", "uyandırıyorum", "ve-uyandırdı"]·urd["ابھارا", "اور-ابھارا", "اور-اُبھارا", "اُٹھاؤں-گا", "اُٹھانے-والا-ہوں", "اکسانے-والا-ہوں", "بیدار-کیا", "جاگ", "جگا-رہا-ہوں", "جگاؤں", "جگایا", "وہ-جگاتا-ہے"]
Deut 32:11, 1 Chr 5:26, 2 Chr 21:16, 2 Chr 36:22, Ezra 1:1, Ezra 1:5, Job 8:6, Ps 35:23, Ps 44:23, Ps 57:8, Ps 57:8, Ps 57:8 (+26 more)
2. Qal: to awake, be awake — Qal intransitive: to awake, be awake, arise from sleep — 18 occurrences centered on the subject's own transition from sleep or inactivity to alertness. Deborah's fourfold 'awake, awake!' (Judg 5:12) is the paradigm case, and the beloved's self-description 'I sleep, but my heart is awake' (Song 5:2) plays on the boundary between literal and figurative. Arabic istayqaza (intransitive self-awakening), Korean 깨어나다, and Swahili amka all select non-causative wake-up vocabulary, confirming this as genuinely distinct from the Hifil. The psalmist's imperative 'Awake!' directed to God (Ps 7:6; 44:23; 59:4) boldly applies human sleep-language to the divine. 18×
AR["اسْتَيْقِظي", "اسْتَيْقِظِي", "انتَبِهي", "عَرًا", "عُورِي", "عِير", "وَ-اسْتَيْقِظْ", "يُوقِظُهُ"]·ben["এবং-জাগ্রত-হও", "জাগ", "জাগো", "জাগ্রত", "তাকে-জাগাবে"]·DE["erwachen", "erwecken", "erweckte", "und-aufwachen"]·EN["and-awake", "arise", "aroused", "awake", "he-is-awakened", "rouse-yourself"]·FR["et-éveiller", "veillait.", "Éveille-toi,", "éveille-toi", "éveiller"]·heb["התעוררי", "ו-עורה", "יעורנו", "עורי", "ער"]·HI["उठ", "उठो", "उसे-जगाए", "और-जाग", "जाग", "जागता", "जागा-था"]·ID["Bangkitlah", "Bangunlah", "Sadarlah!", "Terjagalah", "bangkitlah", "dan-bangkitlah", "jaga", "membangkitkannya", "terjagalah", "yang-jaga"]·IT["awake", "destare", "e-sveglio'", "risvegliare"]·jav["Sami-wungu", "Tangi-a", "Tangia", "Wungu", "Wungu-a", "Wungua", "kang-tangi", "saha-wungua", "tangi-a", "tangia", "tangiya", "wani-nganggu-piyambakipun;", "wungu", "wungu-a", "wungua"]·KO["그를-깨울-것이다", "그리고-깨소서", "깨라", "깨어-있네", "깨어나라", "깨어라", "깨어있는"]·PT["Desperta", "acorda", "acordado", "desperta", "desperto", "e-desperta", "o-desperte;"]·RU["Пробудись", "бодрствует", "бодрствующего", "и-пробудись", "пробудись", "проснись", "разбудил-его"]·ES["Despierta", "Despiértate", "Levántate", "despierta", "despierto", "despiértate", "el-que-despierta", "lo-despierte", "y-despierta"]·SW["Amka", "amka", "anayeamka", "ataamsha", "na-amka", "umeamka"]·TR["Uyan", "kalk", "uyan", "uyandırır-onu", "uyanik", "uyanık", "ve-uyan"]·urd["اور-جاگ", "اُسے-جگائے", "اُٹھ", "جاگ", "جاگا-تھا", "جاگنے-والے", "جاگو"]
3. Piel: to rouse, stir up, awaken — Piel intensive: to rouse, stir up, awaken with deliberate force — 11 occurrences where the action carries heightened intentionality or emotional charge. The adjuration in the Song of Songs 'do not stir up or awaken love until it pleases' (Song 2:7; 3:5; 8:4) uses this form to convey the dangerous volatility of premature arousal. Proverbs 10:12 warns that 'hatred stirs up strife,' and Job's friends are rebuked for trying to 'rouse' Leviathan (Job 3:8). Spanish excitar and Arabic yuthiru ('to incite') both capture the intensive, sometimes provocative, quality that distinguishes this from the neutral Hifil causative. 11×
AR["أَيْقَظَ", "أَيْقَظْتُكَ", "أَيْقِظْ", "تُنَبِّهْنَ", "تِعُورْرُو", "لِإيقاظِ", "وَ-يُثِيرُ", "وَأَيْقَظْتُ", "يُثِيرُ", "يُثِيرُونَ"]·ben["আমি-তোমাকে-জাগিয়েছি", "এবং-উদ্দীপিত-করেছি", "ও-জাগাবেন", "জাগ্রত-কর", "জাগ্রত-করতে", "জাগ্রত-করে", "জাগ্রত-করেছে", "তোমরা-উদ্দীপত-কর", "তোমরা-উদ্দীপত-করবে", "তোলে"]·DE["erwecken", "erweckte", "stir-hinauf", "und-erwecken", "und-erweckte"]·EN["I-awakened-you", "and-I-will-rouse", "and-will-rouse", "it-rouses", "stir-up", "stirs-up", "they-raise", "to-rouse", "you-awaken"]·FR["et-éveiller", "exciteriez-vous", "je-t'ai-éveillé;", "vous-excitez", "éveiller"]·heb["ו-עורר", "ו-עוררתי", "יעוררו", "עורר", "עוררה", "עוררתיך", "תעורר", "תעוררו"]·HI["उठाओ", "उठाते-हैं", "और-उठाएगा", "और-मैंने-जगाया", "जगा", "जगाती-है", "जगाने-को", "तुम-जगाओगी", "भड़काती-है", "मैंने-जगाया"]·ID["Dan-membangkitkan", "aku-membangunkan-engkau", "bangkitkanlah", "dan-Aku-membangkitkan", "membangkitkan", "membangunkan", "menggugah", "mereka-bangkitkan"]·IT["destare", "destare-tuo", "e-destare", "e-risvegliare", "risvegliare", "sveglio'"]·jav["Lan-badhé-ngangkat", "dipunsuwuraken", "kula-nggugah-panjenengan", "lan-nggugah-Kawula", "nggèndholi", "ngoyak", "ngwungu", "panjenengan-nggugah", "wungokna"]·KO["그리고-내가-격동시키리라", "깨우도록", "깨우소서", "내-가-깨웠네-너-를", "너희-가-흔드느냐", "너희-가-흔들면", "올리리라", "일깨우도다", "일으키시리라", "일으킨다"]·PT["E-levantará", "acordareis", "acordeis", "desperta", "despertei-te", "despertou", "e-despertarei", "levantam", "para-despertar"]·RU["возбуди", "возбуждает", "и-воздвигнет", "и-подниму", "поднимают", "пробудите", "пробудить", "разбудил", "разбудила-тебя", "тревожите"]·ES["Y-levantará", "despierta", "excitáis", "hagáis-despertar", "levantarán", "para-despertar", "te-desperté", "y-despertaré"]·SW["Na-ataainua", "amsha", "inaamsha", "kuamsha", "mtausisimua", "mwausisimua", "na-nitawaamsha", "nilikuamsha", "wanainua"]·TR["kisiltirsan", "kisiltirsaniz", "kisiltirsin", "kışkırtır", "uyandirarak", "uyandirdim-seni", "uyandiriyor", "uyandır", "uyandırmak", "ve-uyandlracak", "ve-uyandıracağım"]·urd["ابھارتی-ہے", "اور-ابھارا", "اور-اُٹھائے-گا", "اُٹھاتے-ہیں", "بیدار-کرنے-کو", "تم-بیدار-کرتی-ہو", "تم-بیدار-کرو-مت", "جگا", "جگائے", "میں-نے-جگایا-تجھے"]
4. Niphal: to be roused, be stirred up — Niphal passive: to be roused, be stirred up by an external force — 7 occurrences emphasizing that the subject is the recipient rather than the agent of awakening. The dead 'will not awake' nor 'be roused from their sleep' (Job 14:12); a great nation 'is being stirred up from the remote parts of the earth' (Jer 6:22; 50:41). Arabic yunhadu (passive, 'to be raised up') and Swahili -amshwa (passive of amka) confirm genuine voice-driven distinction. Joel 3:12 inverts the pattern: the nations are told to 'be roused' for divine judgment — a passive that paradoxically demands obedience. 7×
AR["اسْتَيْقَظَ", "تَثُورُ", "تُنْهَضُ", "يَسْتَيْقِظُ", "يَسْتَيْقِظْ", "يَنْتَبِهُونَ", "يُنْهَضُونَ"]·ben["জাগ্রত-হবে", "জেগে-উঠবে", "জেগে-উঠুক", "জেগে-উঠেছেন", "জেগে-ওঠে", "তারা-জাগবে"]·DE["erwecken", "erweckte"]·EN["are-roused", "he-has-roused", "is-awakened", "let-be-roused", "shall-be-stirred-up", "will-be-stirred-up"]·FR["éveiller"]·heb["ייעור", "ייעורו", "יעוֹרוּ", "יעור", "יעורו", "נעור"]·HI["उठाया-जाएगा", "जागा-जाता-है", "जागें", "जागेंगे", "जागेगी", "वह-जागा-है", "वे-जगाएंगे"]·ID["Biarlah-bangkit", "Ia-bangkit", "akan-dibangkitkan", "akan-ditimbulkan", "dibangunkan", "terjaga"]·IT["destare", "risvegliare"]·jav["badhe-tangi", "badhé-tangi", "dipun-gugah", "sami-dipuntangi", "sami-gumregah", "wungu"]·KO["깨어나라", "깨어나셨도다", "깨운다", "일어나리라", "일어난다", "잠에서-깨지-못하리라"]·PT["Despertem", "despertará", "despertou", "será-despertada", "serão-despertados", "é-despertado"]·RU["Пусть-пробудятся", "поднимется", "пробудился-Он", "пробудится", "пробудятся", "пробуждается"]·ES["Despiértense", "es-despertado", "se-despertará", "se-ha-despertado", "se-levantará", "serán-despertados"]·SW["Waamke", "ameamka", "anaamshwa", "hawataamshwa", "kitaamshwa", "litaamshwa", "wataamshwa"]·TR["kalkacak", "uyandı", "uyandırılacak", "uyandırılır", "uyandırılırlar", "uyansınlar", "uyanıyor"]·urd["اُٹھے-گی", "اٹھیں-گے", "اٹھے-گا", "بیدار-ہوں-گے", "جاگتا-ہے", "جاگیں", "وہ-جاگا"]
5. sense 5 — A specialized martial sense: to wield or brandish a weapon — 3 occurrences exclusively in the warrior-hero lists of 2 Samuel 23:18 and 1 Chronicles 11:11, 20, describing mighty men who 'wielded' their spears. English 'wielded,' Spanish blandía, and the contextual action of raising a weapon all point to a distinct kinesthetic sense — the physical act of lifting and brandishing — rather than mere metaphorical 'stirring.' This may represent an archaic usage preserved only in heroic formulae, related to the root sense of 'raising up' but specialized for weaponry. 3×
AR["شَهَرَ", "هَزَّ"]·ben["উঠিয়েছিল", "তাক-করলেন"]·DE["erwecken", "wielded"]·EN["wielded"]·FR["[עורר]", "wielded"]·heb["עורר"]·HI["उठाता", "उठानेवाला"]·ID["mengayunkan"]·IT["[עורר]", "wielded"]·jav["ngangkat"]·KO["휘두르는-자", "흔들다"]·PT["brandiu"]·RU["поднимал", "потрясающий"]·ES["blandiendo", "blandía"]·SW["aliinua"]·TR["salladı"]·urd["اٹھایا", "ہلایا"]
6. Hitpael: to rouse oneself — Hitpael reflexive: to rouse oneself, bestir oneself into action — 3 occurrences where the subject deliberately gathers inner resolve. In Isa 64:7 the prophet laments that no one 'stirs himself up' to take hold of God; Job 17:8 promises that the righteous will 'rouse himself' against the godless; Job 31:29 describes exulting when misfortune strikes. Arabic yataharraku ('to move oneself') and the reflexive morphology itself mark the volitional self-directed quality. Each occurrence carries moral weight — this is not passive awakening but a choice to engage. 3×
AR["مُتَيَقِّظٍ", "وَ-ابتَهَجتُ", "يَتَحَرَّكُ"]·ben["আর-উত্তেজিত-হয়েছি", "জাগ্রতকারী"]·DE["erwecken", "erweckte", "und-erweckte"]·EN["and-I-was-stirred-up", "one-rousing-himself", "stirs-himself"]·FR["et-éveiller", "éveiller"]·heb["ו-התעוררתי", "יתעורר", "מתעורר"]·HI["और-उत्तेजित-हुआ-मैं", "जागने-वाला", "जागेगा"]·ID["bangkit", "dan-aku bergairah", "yang-membangkitkan-diri"]·IT["destare", "e-destare", "risvegliare"]·jav["ingkang-tangi", "lan-kula-tangi", "tangi"]·KO["그리고-내가-흥분하였다", "분발하는-자가", "분발하리라"]·PT["e-exultei", "que-se-desperta", "se-despertará"]·RU["восстанет", "и-ликовал-я", "пробуждающегося"]·ES["quien-se-despierte", "se-levantará", "y-me-exalté"]·SW["anayejisimamisha", "atajiinua", "na-nilifurahi"]·TR["harekete-geçer", "uyanan", "ve-coştum"]·urd["اور-میں اٹھا", "اُٹھ کھڑا ہوگا", "جاگنے-والا"]
Related Senses
H0935 1. come, arrive (Qal) (2413×)G1473 1. first person singular pronoun (2084×)H7200 1. Qal: to see, perceive (1257×)G4771 2. you (singular address) (1077×)H8085 1. Qal: hear, perceive aurally (921×)H3318 1. Qal: go out, depart, come forth (891×)H7725 1. to return, come/go back (Qal) (874×)H5927 1. go up, ascend (Qal) (779×)H0859a 1. you (2nd person masculine singular pronoun) (743×)H7971 1. to send, dispatch (Qal) (701×)H0398 1. eat (consume food) (697×)H4191 1. die (Qal: natural/general death) (645×)G2064 1. come / arrive (physical movement toward) (588×)G3708 1. see, perceive visually (419×)G0191 1. hear, perceive sound (360×)H???? 3. (352×)H5307 1. Qal: fall down physically (339×)H5375 1. Qal: to lift up, raise (330×)H5975 1. to stand, stand up (310×)G3708 2. behold, look (exclamatory) (256×)
BDB / Lexicon Reference
† I. [עוּר] vb. rouse oneself, awake (NH id.; Aramaic עוּר, ܥܳܪ; Arabic عير, عَارَ v. עיר, עַיִר; غير, غَارَ is be jealous, cf. Syriac ܥܝܳܪܳܐ hate, revenge);— Qal Impf. 3 ms. sf. יְעוּרֶנּוּ Jb 41:2 Baer Ginsb, and Qr van d. H., but Kt יעירנו (Hiph.), Bab. Mass. (v. Baer p. 58), so Ginsbmargin van d. H.; read thus, or יְעוֹרְרֶנּוּ (Pōʿl.) Bu; > contr. form of Pōʿl. Ges§ 72 cc Di; cf. Sta§ 484 e;…