H3510 H3510
To be in pain or cause pain; physical anguish, emotional grief, or (by extension) ruin and destruction
A verb rooted in the raw experience of pain -- bodily and emotional alike. In Genesis 34:25 the men of Shechem are still 'in pain' from circumcision, and in Proverbs 14:13 the heart itself aches beneath laughter. The Hifil causative turns the sufferer into an agent: God 'wounds but also binds up' (Job 5:18), and false prophetesses 'pained' the righteous whom the LORD had not grieved (Ezek 13:22). A striking extension appears in 2 Kings 3:19, where the verb means to 'ruin' or 'mar' good land -- pain inflicted not on flesh but on a landscape.
Senses
1. be in pain, ache — Qal intransitive: to be in pain, to ache -- whether the body (Gen 34:25, circumcision soreness) or the heart (Prov 14:13, inner grief behind outward joy). Spanish 'adoloridos' and 'duele' capture both physical and emotional registers. The participial form in Ps 69:29 pairs pain with affliction ('ani), suggesting the overlap of suffering and social vulnerability. 4×
AR["مُتَوَجِّعِينَ", "وَ-مُتَألِّمٌ", "يَتَأَلَّمُ", "يَتَوَجَّعُ-"]·ben["ও-দুঃখিত", "কষ্টে", "ব্যথা-করে", "ব্যথিত-হয়-"]·DE["[יכאב]", "in-Schmerzen", "und-in-pain"]·EN["aches", "and-in-pain", "in-pain", "is-in-pain"]·FR["dans-douleur", "et-souffrir", "יכאב"]·heb["ו-כואב", "יכאב", "יכאב־", "כאבים"]·HI["दर्द-करता-है", "दुखेगा", "पीड़ित"]·ID["berdukacita-", "dan-kesakitan", "kesakitan"]·IT["[וכואב]", "aches", "in-pain", "is-in-pain"]·jav["lara", "nglarani", "saha-sakit", "sakit"]·KO["그리고-아프도다", "아파하고", "아프다", "아프던"]·PT["doerá", "doloridos", "e-sofrendo", "sente-dor"]·RU["болит", "болит-", "и-страдающий", "страдающие"]·ES["adoloridos", "duele", "sufre", "y-sufriendo"]·SW["huumia", "kwa-maumivu", "na-maumivu", "unauma"]·TR["acı-çeken", "acır-", "ağrır", "ve-acılı"]·urd["درد-میں", "درد-کرتا-ہے", "دکھ-کرے-گا", "وَ-دردمند"]
2. cause pain, inflict suffering — Hifil causative: to cause pain, to wound or grieve someone. Job 5:18 presents the paradox that God 'wounds yet binds up' (yakʾiv ... yekhabbesh), while Ezek 13:22 indicts those who 'pained the heart of the righteous.' Spanish 'lo entristeci' and English 'wounds' reflect the range from emotional grief to active harm. 3×
AR["أُؤْلِمْهُ", "مُوجِعٌ", "يُجْرِحُ"]·ben["তাকে-ব্যথিত-করেছি", "যন্ত্রণা-দেন", "যন্ত্রণাদায়ক"]·DE["[הכאבתיו]", "[יכאיב]", "[מכאב]"]·EN["I-pained-him", "painful", "wounds"]·FR["souffrir", "יכאיב"]·heb["הכאבתיו", "יכאיב", "מכאיב"]·HI["दर्द-देता-है", "दर्द-देने-वाली", "दुखाया-उसे"]·ID["melukai", "menyedihkannya,", "yang-menyusahkan"]·IT["[הכאבתיו]", "[מכאב]", "wounds"]·jav["Kawula-susahaken-piyambakipun", "ingkang-sakit", "nglarani"]·KO["고통스러운", "아프게-하고", "아프게-하였다-그를"]·PT["aflitivo", "fere", "o-entristeci"]·RU["болезненного", "огорчал-его", "причиняет-боль"]·ES["hace-dolor", "lo-entristecí", "que-causa-dolor"]·SW["anaumiza", "inayoumiza", "nimeuumiza"]·TR["acı-verdirdim", "acı-veren", "yaralıyor"]·urd["درد-دینے-والا", "رنجیدہ-کیا-اُسے", "زخمی-کرتا-ہے"]
3. ruin, mar — Hifil with extended object: to ruin or mar, moving beyond persons to things. In 2 Kings 3:19, Elisha commands Israel to 'ruin' every good piece of land with stones. The multilingual glosses ('arruinareis,' 'you-shall-ruin') uniformly shift from pain vocabulary to destruction vocabulary, marking a genuine semantic extension from bodily suffering to material devastation. 1×
AR["تُفْسِدُونَ"]·ben["নষ্ট-করবে"]·DE["du-soll-ruin"]·EN["you-shall-ruin"]·FR["tu-devra-ruin"]·heb["תכאיבו"]·HI["खराब-करोगे"]·ID["kamu-akan-rusak"]·IT["tu-dovrà-ruin"]·jav["panjenengan-badhe-risak"]·KO["상하게-하겠다-너희-가"]·PT["arruinareis"]·RU["забросайте"]·ES["arruinaréis"]·SW["mtaliharibu"]·TR["zarar-vereceksiniz"]·urd["خراب-کر-دو-گے"]
Related Senses
H7200 1. Qal: to see, perceive (1257×)G4771 2. you (singular address) (1077×)H8085 1. Qal: hear, perceive aurally (921×)H0859a 1. you (2nd person masculine singular pronoun) (743×)H0398 1. eat (consume food) (697×)H4191 1. die (Qal: natural/general death) (645×)G3708 1. see, perceive visually (419×)G0191 1. hear, perceive sound (360×)H???? 3. (352×)H4421 1. war, battle, armed conflict (319×)H0341 1. enemy, adversary, foe (284×)G3708 2. behold, look (exclamatory) (256×)H7272 1. foot (body part) (236×)H8354 1. drink, consume liquid (209×)H3205 1. Qal active: bear/give birth (female subject) (204×)H3205 2. Qal active: beget/father (male subject) (198×)H2421 1. Qal: live, be alive (177×)H8085 2. Qal: listen, heed, pay attention (172×)H3898a 1. Nifal: to fight, wage war (167×)H2026 1. kill, slay (active) (146×)
BDB / Lexicon Reference
† כָּאַב vb. be in pain (Aramaic כְּאֵב, ܟܶܐܒ id.; Arabic كَىِٔبَ be sorrowful, sad; Assyrian in deriv., ikkibu, pain ZimBP 67, kêbtu, ruin Hpt in KAT2 Gloss. i.)— Qal Impf. יִכְאָב־ Pr 14:13; יִכְאָ֑ב Jb 14:22; Pt. כּוֹאֵב ψ 69:30; כֹּאֲבִים Gn 34:25;— 1. be in pain, physical Gn 34:25 (J, as result of circumcision); Jb 14;22 (subj. בָּשָׂר; poet. of body in grave ‖ נַפְשׁוֹ תֶּאֱבָ֑ל). 2. of…