H1920 H1920
Thrust, push, shove physically; drive out or expel from a place; reject or spurn figuratively
A verb of forceful displacement that ranges from a literal shove to national expulsion to divine rejection. Numbers 35:20-22 uses it for the fatal push -- one person thrusting another with lethal intent or by accident -- the core legal distinction in Israel's manslaughter law. Joshua 23:5 promises God will 'drive out' the remaining nations, while Deuteronomy 6:19 and 9:4 frame the conquest as God pushing enemies before Israel. In Proverbs 10:3, the same verb takes on moral weight: the LORD 'thrusts away' the cravings of the wicked, where multilingual evidence shifts decisively to rejection vocabulary -- Spanish 'rechaza', Hindi 'thukrana' (spurn).
Senses
1. push, thrust physically — To push, thrust, or shove a person physically with bodily force. The foundational sense, prominent in the manslaughter legislation of Numbers 35:20-22 where a fatal push determines guilt. Ezekiel 34:21 extends it to cattle pushing weaker animals with shoulder and horn. In 2 Kings 4:27, Gehazi pushes the Shunammite woman away from Elisha. Job 18:18 pictures the wicked driven from light into darkness. Spanish uses 'empujar/empujáis' (push/shove), French preserves the physical force. 8×
AR["تَدْفَعُونَ", "دَفَعَهُ", "فَأَدْفَعُكَ", "لِيَدْفَعَهَا", "يَدْفَعُهُمْ", "يُدْفَعُونَهُ"]·ben["ও-ধাক্কা-দেব", "ঠেলে-দিতে-তাকে", "তাকে-ধাক্কা-দিয়েছেন", "তাকে-ধাক্কা-দেয়", "তাদেরকে-তাড়িয়ে-দেবেন", "তারা-তাড়িয়ে-দেবে-তাকে", "তোমরা-ঠেলে-দাও"]·DE["[הדפו]", "[והדפתיך]", "[יהדפהו]", "[תהדפו]", "er-pushed-ihn", "wird-thrust-ihnen-heraus", "zu-push-ihr-weg"]·EN["and-I-will-thrust-you", "he-pushed-him", "they-drive-him", "thrust-him-down", "to-push-her-away", "will-thrust-them-out", "you-push"]·FR["[הדפו]", "[והדפתיך]", "il-pushed-lui", "repousser", "sera-thrust-eux-dehors", "à-push-sa-au-loin", "יהדפהו-lui"]·heb["הדפו", "ו-הדפתיך", "יהדפוהו", "יהדפם", "יהדפנו", "ל-הדפה", "תהדופו"]·HI["और-धकेलूँगा-तुझे", "और-में-कंधे", "धकेलने-को-उसे", "धकेला-उसको", "धकेला-उसे", "धकेलेगा-उन्हें", "वे-उसे-धकेलेंगे"]·ID["Dan-Aku-akan-mendorongmu", "akan-mengusir-mereka", "kamu-mendorong,", "mendorong-nya", "mendorongnya", "mereka-mendorongnya", "untuk-mendorong-nya"]·IT["[הדפו]", "[והדפתיך]", "[תהדפו]", "a-push-lei-via", "egli-pushed-lui", "essi-drive-lui-suo", "volere-thrust-loro-fuori"]·jav["dipunsurung", "kangge-nyingkiraken-piyambakipun", "lan-kawula-mbirat-panjenengan", "nundhung", "nyurung-piyambakipun", "panjenengan-sundhul", "piyambakipun-nyurung"]·KO["ꬼ리라", "그리고-밀어내리라", "너희가-밀치고", "밀어내시리라-그들을", "밀어냈다-그를", "밀치기-위해-그녀-를", "밀친다-그를"]·PT["E-empurrar-te-ei", "O-empurrarão", "empurráveis", "o-empurrou", "os-empurrará", "para-empurrá-la"]·RU["вытолкнет-их", "вытолкнут-его", "и-столкну-тебя", "низверг-его", "оттолкнуть-её", "толкаете", "толкнул-его"]·ES["Lo-empujan", "Y-te-echaré", "empujáis,", "lo-empuja", "lo-empujó", "los-empujará", "para-empujarla"]·SW["Na-nitakusukuma", "alimsukuma", "aliwasukuma", "atawasukuma", "kumsukuma", "mnasukuma", "watamdukiza"]·TR["Ve-kovacagim-seni", "itecek", "iterler-onu", "itiyorsunuz", "itmek-onu", "itti-onu", "ittiyse-onu", "veya"]·urd["اور-گراؤں-گا-تجھے", "اُسے-دھکیلا", "اُسے-دھکیلنے", "دھکّا-دے-اسے", "دھکیل-دے-گا-انہیں", "دھکیلا جائے-اُسے", "دھکیلتے-ہو"]
2. drive out, expel — To drive out or expel a people from their land, focusing on removal and banishment rather than the physical act. In Deuteronomy 6:19 and 9:4, God drives out Israel's enemies before them. Joshua 23:5 promises God will push and dispossess the remaining nations. Spanish shifts from 'empujar' to 'expulsar' (expel), signaling the semantic move from bodily contact to territorial displacement. 2×
AR["عِنْدَ-طَرْدِ", "لِيَطْرُدَ"]·ben["ক্ষেপণে", "তাড়িয়ে-দিতে"]·DE["als-drives-heraus", "zu-vertreiben-heraus"]·EN["to-drive-out", "when-drives-out"]·FR["quand-drives-dehors", "à-drive-dehors"]·heb["ב-הדוף", "ל-הדוף"]·HI["जब-धकेलता", "धकेलने-के-लिए"]·ID["ketika-mendorong", "untuk-menghalau"]·IT["a-cacciare-fuori", "quando-drives-fuori"]·jav["Supados-nundhung", "nalika-nundhung"]·KO["쫓아내기-위해", "쫓아내실-때에"]·PT["quando-expulsar", "¶ Para-expulsar"]·RU["Чтобы-изгнать", "когда-изгонит"]·ES["cuando-expulse", "para-expulsar"]·SW["atakapowasukuma", "kuwafukuza"]·TR["kovduğunda", "kovmak-için"]·urd["دھکیلنے-میں", "نکالنے-کو"]
3. reject, thrust away figuratively — To reject, spurn, or thrust away in a figurative or relational sense. Proverbs 10:3 declares the LORD 'thrusts away' (yehdof) the craving of the wicked -- not a physical push but a moral repudiation. Multilingual evidence confirms the shift: Spanish 'rechaza' (reject), Hindi 'thukrana' (spurn), Korean 'mullichichida' (repel). A single but theologically significant occurrence showing the verb's full metaphorical range. 1×
AR["يَدْفَعُ"]·ben["তিনি-প্রত্যাখ্যান-করেন"]·DE["[יהדף]"]·EN["He-thrusts-away"]·FR["יהדף"]·heb["יהדוף"]·HI["वह-ठुकराएगा"]·ID["Dia-menolak"]·IT["Egli-thrusts-via"]·jav["nolak"]·KO["물리친다"]·PT["ele-rejeita"]·RU["отвергает"]·ES["rechaza"]·SW["anaisukuma-mbali"]·TR["iter"]·urd["دھکیل-دیتا-ہے"]
Related Senses
G0846 1. third-person pronoun reference (5552×)H???? 1. (4670×)H0935 1. come, arrive (Qal) (2413×)H6213a 1. do, perform, act (2383×)G1473 1. first person singular pronoun (2084×)H3318 1. Qal: go out, depart, come forth (891×)H7725 1. to return, come/go back (Qal) (874×)H5927 1. go up, ascend (Qal) (779×)H7971 1. to send, dispatch (Qal) (701×)G2064 1. come / arrive (physical movement toward) (588×)G4160 1. do, act, perform (473×)H5221 1. Hifil: to strike in battle, smite enemies (362×)H5307 1. Qal: fall down physically (339×)H5375 1. Qal: to lift up, raise (330×)H5975 1. to stand, stand up (310×)H5674a 1. Qal: pass by, pass through (256×)H3381 1. Qal: to go down, descend (physical movement) (242×)G4102 1. faith, trust, belief (239×)G4100 1. believe / have faith in (233×)H0899b 1. garment, article of clothing (216×)
BDB / Lexicon Reference
† [הָדַף] vb. thrust, push, drive (הֲדַף in 𝔗; Arabic هَدَفَ is ingressus ad aliquem fuit, propinquus fuit, also of time prope accessit)— Qal Pf. 3 ms. sf. הֲדָפוֹ Nu 35:22 Je 46:15; 1 s. sf. וַהֲדַפְתִּיךָ consec. Is 22:19; Impf. 3 ms. יֶהְדֹּף Pr 10:3; sf. 3 ms. יֶהְדֳּפֶנּוּ Nu 35:20; sf. 3 mpl. יֶהְדֳּפֵם Jos 23:5; 3 mpl. sf. יֶהְדְּפֻהוּ Jb 18:18; 2 mpl. תֶּהְדֹּ֑פוּ Ez 34:21; Inf. הֲדֹף Dt…