FOOD_DRINK

לֶ֫חֶם296 n.m. 1 S 9:7 and (rarely) f. Gn 49:20 (vid. infr., and Dr 1 S 10:4) bread, food (Ph. לחם bread; NH לֶחֶם; Aramaic לַחְמָא, ܠܰܚܡܳܐ, as Heb.; Arabic لَحْمٌ flesh, meat (cf. Frä30));—abs. ל׳ Gn 3:19 +; לָ֑חֶם Gn 31:54 +; לֶ֑חֶם ψ 14:4 + 2 times; cstr. לֶחֶם Ho 9:4 +; sf. לַחְמִי Jb 3:24 +, לַחְמְךָ Ob 7 +, לַחְמָם Ho 9:4b, + v 4a (for MT לָהֶם), We GASm Now, + etc.;— 1. a. bread, the ordinary food of early Hebrews (BenzArch. 84 ff. NowArch. i. 109 ff.) Ex 21:14 (E), Nu 21:5 Jos 9:5, 12 (JE), Dt 8:3; 23:5 Ex 16:3 (P) +; כִּכַּר־ל׳ loaf of bread 1 S 2:36 + (vid. כִּכָּר sub כרר), and without ככר (always c. num.) †1 S 10:4; 16:20 (v. Dr), 17:17; 21:4; 25:18 2 S 16:1 1 K 14:3 2 K 4:42†; חַלַּת ל׳ cake of bread 2 S 6:19 Ex 29:23 + (v. חַלָּה sub I. חלל); made from barley (שְׂעֹרִים) Ju 7:13 2 K 4:42 (v. also לָחֶם supr.); from wheat-flour (סֹלֶת חִטִּים) Ex 29:2 (P); cf. the mixture Ez 4:9; made by baking (אפה) Is 44:15, 19 Lv 26:26 (H; cf. Je 37:21); †פַּת־ל׳ a bit of bread 1 S 2:36 1 K 17:11 Pr 28:21, cf. Ez 13:19, as modest term for a hospitable meal Gn 18:5 (J), Ju 19:5 1 S 28:22†; disting. from meat (flesh), Gn 27:17 (J), 1 S 25:11 1 K 17:6(×2) Ex 16:8, 12 (also v 3 supr.), 29:32, 34 Lv 8:31 (all P), 23:18 (H), 1 Ch 12:40 ψ 78:20 Dn 10:3; = a meal 1 S 20:27, אָכַל ל׳ = take a meal Gn 31:54(×2); 37:25; 43:25, 32 +; אכל לַחְמִי ψ 41:10 eat my bread, establishing an obligation, cf. Ob 7 (read אֹכְלֵי ל׳ according to MartiKauAT; del. ל׳ 𝔊 Hi We, cf. VB) עשׂה ל׳ = make a feast Ec 10:19; מַטֵּה ל׳ staff of bread (as support of life), only late †Ez 4:16; 5:16; 14:13 Lv 26:26 (H), ψ 105:16; cf. מִשְׁעָן" dir="rtl" >מִשְׁעַן ל׳ Is 3:1 (gloss)†; leavened bread is ל׳ חָמֵץ Lv 7:13; unleavened bread is ל׳ מַצּוֹת Ex 29:2 (both P); †ל׳ (הַ)פָּנִים bread of the face (of י׳; i. e. in his presence, Di Lv 24:9 Dr 1 S 21:7): in the sanctuary 1 S 21:7 1 K 7:48 = 2 Ch 4:19, Ex 25:30; 35:13; 39:36, without פ׳ 40:23 (all P); = ל׳ הַתָּמִיד Nu 4:7 (P), ל׳ קֹדֶשׁ 1 S 21:5; in Chr ל׳ הַמַּעֲרָ֑כֶת 1 Ch 9:32 cf. 23:29 Ne 10:34, מ׳ ל׳ 2 Ch 13:11; opp. ל׳ חֹל 1 S 21:5†; ל׳ תְּנוּפָה Lv 23:17 wave-loaf; ל׳ (הַ)בִּכֻּרִים v 20 2 K 4:42 bread of first-fruits. †b. = bread-corn, the material from which bread is made, i.e. wheat, barley, etc.: Gn 41:54, 55 (E), 47:13, 15, 17(×2), 19 (J), 49:20 (poem in J), Is 28:28; 30:23; 55:10 Je 5:17 Ez 48:18 Jb 28:5 Pr 28:3 ψ 104:14; ל׳ הָאָרֶץ Nu 15:19 (P), ארץ ל׳ 2 K 18:32 = Is 36:17†. 2. food in general: a. of man Ju 13:16 (kid, v 15), 1 S 14:24(×2), 28 (honey), 28:20; 30:12 Pr 27:27(×2) (goat’s milk) +; נֹתֵן ל׳ לְכָל־בָּשָׂר ψ 136:25 Pr 22:9. †b. of animals, Pr 6:8; 30:25 Is 65:25 Jb 24:5 ψ 147:9†. †c. of God (in sacrifices): †ל׳ אֱלהֵיהֶם (cf. RSSem i. 207, 2nd ed., 224) Lv 21:6 cf. v 8, 17, 21, 22, 22:13, 25 (all H), Nu 28:2 (P), Ez 16:19; 44:7, and ל׳ מְגֹאָל Mal 1:7; also ל׳ אִשֶּׁה (לי׳) Lv 3:11, 16 Nu 28:24 (all P)†. 3. other phrases and fig. uses are: a. ל׳ רֶשַׁע Pr 4:17 (acc. cogn. c. לָחַם), prob. = food gained by wickedness (‖ יֵין חֲמָסִים), cf. שֶׁ֫קֶר" dir="rtl" >ל׳ שָׁ֑קֶר 20:17, ל׳ כְּזָבִים 23:3; ל׳ עַצְלוּת 31:27 = bread of idleness, i. e. unearned; ל׳ חֻקִּי Pr 30:8 (opp. to riches and poverty, v. חֹק); ל׳ לַחַץ 1 K 22:27 = 2 Ch 18:26, vid. לַ֫חַץ" dir="rtl" >לַחַץ infr.; ל׳ הָעֲצָבִים ψ 127:2, vid. ii. עֶ֫צֶב²" dir="rtl" >עֶצֶב; ל׳ אוֹנִים Ho 9:4, vid. בֵּית אָ֫וֶן" dir="rtl" >אָוֶן, p. 20a; ל׳ אֲנָשִׁים Ez 24:17, 22 of food offered to mourners, cf. Je 16:7 (where ins. ל׳ 𝔊 Gf Gie); שַׁלַּח לחמך על־פני המים Ec 11:1 usually interpr. of benevolent giving (cf. Now); De al. of sea-commerce in bread stuffs, cf. Pr 31:14. b. fig. לַחְמֵנוּ הֵם Nu 14:9 (JE) our food are they, i. e. we will devour, destroy, them (cf. Dt 7:16); דִּמְעָתִי ל׳ ψ 42:4 cf. 80:6 (vid. אכל, p. 37b supr.); ל׳ of evil deeds of wicked Jb 20:14; עֵץ בְּלַחְמוֹ Je 11:19 appar. fig. of destroying the prophet and his house, but read prob. בְּלֵחוֹ in its freshness (i. e. untimely), so Hi Gf Che Gie (vid. לֵחַ = sub לחח supra).

שֶׁ֫מֶן192 n.m. 2 K 20:13 (on appar. f. Ct 1:3 cf. AlbrZAW xvi (1896), 99, 106) fat, oil;—שׁ׳ abs. Gn 28:18 +, cstr. Lv 8:2 +; שָׁ֑׳ 2 K 4:6 +; sf. שַׁמְנִי Ho 2:7 +, etc.; pl. שְׁמָנִים Am 6:6 +; sf. שְׁמָנֶיךָ Ct 1:3, -נַיִךְ 4:10;— 1. fat, fatness: קֶרֶן בֶּן־שׁ׳ Is 5:1 (of fertile slope); pl. גֵּיא־שְׁמָנִים 28:1, 4; of food (in fig.) 25:6(×2); lit. בְּשָׂרִי כַּחַשׁ מִשָּׁ֑מֶן ψ 109:24 (cf. צוֹם v a), cf. מִפְּנֵי שׁ׳ Is 10:27 (in fig., si vera l., meaning obscure; most now emend by conjecture; RSJPh xiii (1885), 62 עָלָה מִצָּפוֹן שֹׁדֵד [v. also II. חבל], joining to v 28; Du Marti has gone up from Pene-Rimmon [??], cf. Di-Kit). 2. a. oil, specif. olive-oil, as rich product Dt 8:8 + (v. זַיִת); hence עֵץ שׁ׳ Is 41:19 oil-tree, usually explained as wild olive, oleaster, so Ne 8:15 (‖ זַיִת), עֲצֵי שׁ׳ oleaster-wood 1 K 6:23, 31, 32, 33; once שׁ׳ הַמֹּר Est 2:2 (v. מֹר p. 600b; מ׳ also in holy anointing oil Ex 30:23). b. שׁ׳ as staple (condiment) Nu 11:8 (J; v. לשׁד), of value 1 K 17:12, 14, 16; 2 K 2:4, 6, 7 + 4 times; symb. of plenty Dt 32:13; 33:24; Jb 29:6; ascribed (falsely) to gift of Baals Ho 2:7; as royal treasure 2 K 20:13 = Is 39:2, cf. 1 K 5:25 (שׁ׳ כָּתִית, v. כ׳) = 2 Ch 2:9, 14 + 3 times; tribute Ho 12:2, art. of trade Ez 27:17; odoriferous Pr 27:9; Ct 1:3; 4:10, שׁ׳ רוֹקֵחַ Ec 10:1, so (fig.) Ct 1:3; Ec 7:1; Pr. 27:16 is corrupt, v. Toy; sign of luxury Ez 16:13; Pr 21:17, of prosperity Ez 16:20. c. שׁ׳ as medicament Is 1:6; as unguent, for shield 2 S 1:21, person Am 6:6; Mi 6:15; Dt 28:40; Ez 16:9; Est 2:12 ψ 92:11; 104:15, not for mourner 2 S 14:2; on head, token of happiness Ec 9:8, of hospitality, דִּשַּׁנְתָּ בַּשּׁ׳ רֹאשִׁי ψ 23:5 (fig.), in sim. 133:2; 141:5. d. for anointing king, פַּךְ הַשּׁ׳ 1 S 10:1; 2 K 9:1, 3, cf. v 6, c. קֶרֶן 1 S 16:1, 13; 1 K 1:39; cf. בְּשׁ׳ קָדְשִׁי מְשַׁחְתִּיו ψ 89:21. e. in various figs., of joy שׁ׳ שָׂשׂוֹן Is 61:3 ψ 45:8; soft words 55:22 Pr 5:3; as penetrating 109:18; as clear, transparent Ez 32:14. f. used in primitive worship, poured on stone Gn 28:18 (E), 35:14 (J). g. in later ritual: for anointing priests, tabern., altar utensils, etc. (P), made of various ingred., שׁ׳ זַיִת among them, Ex 30:24, שׁ׳ הָמִּשְׁחָה 25:6 Lv 8:2, 10, 12 + 11 times; שׁ׳ מִשְׁחַת־קֹדֶשׁ Ex 30:25(×2) + 2 times; שׁ׳ מ׳ י׳ Lv 10:7, שׁ׳ מ׳ אֱלֹהָיו 21:12; שׁ׳ הַקּ׳ Nu 35:25; שׁ׳ alone Lv 14:10 + 12 times Lv 14; for lighting Ex 25:6 + 6 times + שׁ׳ זַיִת זָךְ כָּתִית Ex 27:20; Lv 24:2 (v. כָּתִית); poured upon מִנְחָה Lv 2:1 + 5 times, cf. 5:11 Nu 5:15; smeared (v. מָשַׁח) upon wafers Ex 29:2; Lv 2:4 +, and cakes (or mixed in the making? cf. בָּלַל) Ex 29:2; Lv 2:4, 5 +, so סֹלֶת בַּשׁ׳ Lv 2:7, etc. (c. 45 times in all), חַלַּת לֶחֶם שׁ׳ Ex 29:23; Lv 8:26. h. for use in temple 1 Ch 9:29. i. for תְּרוּמָה in Ezekiel’s temple Ez 45:14(×2) + 7 times 45, 46. †j. efficacy denied Mi 6:7. †k. offered to idols Is 57:9; Ez 16:18, 19; 23:41.—Vid. MacalisterHastDB Oil ARS KennedyEncy. Bib. Oil.

יַ֫יִן141 n.m. ψ 75:9 wine (NH id.; Ethiopic ወይን vitis, vinea, vinum; Arabic وَيْنٌ (black) grapes, v. HomZMG 1889, 654; Sab. וין vineyard, MordtZMG 1887, 364 Homl.c. 659 (both after Glaser); Assyrian înu in vocabularies, but this loan-word from western Semites, according to HomAufsätze 102; JenZA i. 186 f., ZMG 1890, 705 argues to the contrary)—abs. יַ֫יִן Gn 9:21 + 84 times; יָ֑יִן Gn 14:18 + 33 times; cstr. יַ֫יִן ψ 60:5 Ct 8:2; יֵין Dt 32:18 + 9 times; sf. יֵינִי Ct 5:1, etc.;—wine: a. common drink, for refreshment Gn 14:18 (E?) 27:25 (J), Ju 19:19 2 S 16:2 Am 5:11; 9:14 Ho 14:8 Jb 1:13, 18 Dn 1:5 +, tonic Pr 31:6; art. of commerce Ez 27:18 Ne 13:15; among supplies in strongholds 2 Ch 11:11; as making merry 2 S 13:28 Zc 9:15; 10:7 Est 1:10 Ec 9:7; 10:19 ψ 104:15. †b. used for rejoicing before י׳ Dt 14:26, cf. Ho 9:4; as drink-offering in prescribed ritual Ex 29:40 Lv 23:13 Nu 15:5, 7, 10; 28:14; among temple stores 1 Ch 9:29; used also in heathen ceremonial, v. Dt 32:33. c. intoxicating 1 S 1:14; 25:37 Gn 9:21, 24; 19:32, 33, 34, 35 (all J), Is 5:11, 22 Pr 21:17; 23:30, 31 +; ‖ תִּירוֹשׁ Ho 4:11; ‖ שֵׁכָר 1 S 1:15 Mi 2:11 Is 24:9; 28:7(×2); 56:12 + 12 times; forbidden to Nazirites †Nu 6:3(×2) (חֹמֶץ יַיִן וְחֹמֶץ שֵׁכָר), v 4, 20, cf. Am 2:12; to Rechabites †Je 35:2, 5 f.; to mother of Samson †Ju 13:4, 7, 14; to priests entering sanctuary †Lv 10:9 (P), Ez 44:21; unfitting for kings Pr 31:4. †d. combinations are: יֵין הַטּוֹב Ct 7:10 = the best wine (read כַּיַּיִן?) Ges§ 133. 3, R. 1; יֵין מַלְכוּת Est 1:7 royal wine; אֹצְרוֹת הַיַּיִן 1 Ch 27:27 stores of wine, wine-supply; יַיִן הָרֶקַח Ct 8:2 spiced wine; מִשְׁתֵּה הַיַּיִן wine-feast Est 5:6; 7:2, 7, 8; סֹבְאֵי יַיִן Pr 23:20 wine-bibbers; נֹאד יין wine-skin; Jos 9:4, 13 1 S 16:20; נֵבֶל יין id. 1 S 1:24; 10:3; 25:18 2 S 16:1 Je 13:12(×2); בֵּית הַיָּ֑יִן Ct 2:4 either winehouse, where wine is drunk, feasting-house (De al.), or place of wine = vineyard (Ew al.; cf. גֶּפֶן יַיִן Nu 6:4). †e. metaph. of wisdom’s drink Pr 9:2, 5, cf. Is 55:1; of י׳’s wrath Je 25:15 (כּוֹס היין); of confusion sent by י׳, יַיִן תַּרְעֵלָה wine of reeling ψ 60:5, cf. 75:9; of י׳’s awaking for vengeance, like a wine-shouter ψ 78:65; of Babylon’s fierce power Je 51:7; of love Ct 5:1; יֵין חֲמָסִים Pr 4:17; in sim. of one bursting with words Jb 32:19; of disheartened proph. Je 23:9 (כְּגֶבֶר עֲבָרוֹ יַיִן); of lover’s mouth Ct 7:10 (v. supr.); love is better than wine Ct 1:2; 4:10.

† דְּבַשׁ54 n.m. 1 S 14:29 honey (named from colour according to Fl NHWBi. 439; Arabic دِبْسٌ (دُبْسٌ, دِبِسٌ) date-honey; NH דְּבַשׁ, Aramaic דּובשא, ܕܒܰܫ, ܕܶܒܫܳܐ, honey both of fruits and of bees; cf. also Assyrian dišpu COTGloss. ZimBP 84 DlPr 70)—abs. ד׳ Gn 43:11 + 33 times; דְּבָ֑שׁ Ex 3:8 + 18 times; sf. דִּבְשִׁי Ct 5:1;—honey, product of bees, used as food Ju 14:8, 9, 18 (in lion’s carcass); found in (clefts of) rock Dt 32:13 (ד׳ מִסֶּלַע, in song, JE), ψ 81:17 (מִצּוּר ד׳); in forest, on ground 1 S 14:25 (על־פני השׂדה) v 26 (הֵלֶךְ ד׳; but read rather הָלַךְ דְּבֹרוֹ its bees had departed, We Dr after 𝔊) v 29, 43; transported in jar or bottle בַּקְבֻּק ד׳ 1 K 14:3; contrib. to priests and Levites 2 Ch 31:5; ‖ חֶמְאָה 2 S 17:29 Is 7:15, 22 (in last two the being limited to such food is apparently token of destitution); kept in store Je 41:8; a choice gift Gn 43:11 (J); article of trade Ez 27:17 (in these two perhaps = grape syrup, mod. dibs, cf. Di Gn 43:11 v. RobBR ii. 81); forbidden as burnt offering Lv 2:11 (‖ שְׂאֹר); honey comb = יַעְרַת הַדּ׳ 1 S 14:27 (cf. יַעְרִי Ct 5:1); also צוּף ד׳ Pr 16:24 (cf. נֹפֶת צופים ψ 19:11); most often in phrase describing abundance in land of Canaan אֶרֶץ זָבַת חָלָב וּד׳ Ex 3:8, 17; 13:5; 33:3 (all JE) Lv 20:24 (H) Nu 13:27; 14:8; 16:14 (all JE) Dt 6:3; 11:9; 26:9, 15; 27:3; 31:20 (all D) Jos 5:6 (D) Je 11:5; 32:22 Ez 20:6, 15; cf. Dt 8:8 2 K 18:32 (of land of captivity), of Egypt Nu 16:13 (JE); v. also Ez 16:13, 19 Jb 20:17 נַחֲלֵי ד׳ וְחֶמְאָה; honey, used to illustrate moral teachings Pr 24:13 (‖ נֹפֶת), 25:16, 27 (danger of surfeit); sim. of sweetness of taste Ez 3:3 (the roll), cf. כְּצַפִּיחִת בִּד׳ Ex 16:31 (P; description of manna); of sweetness of the law ψ 19:11 (‖ נֹפֶת צוּפִים) cf. 119:103; (of pleasant words Pr 16:24 cf. supr.); sweetness of lips ד׳ וְחָלָב Ct 4:11; fig. of love דִּבְשִׁי Ct 5:1 (‖ יַעְרִי, יֵינִי, חֲלָבִי).

† I. מַצָּה n.f. unleavened bread, or cake(s);—abs. מ׳ Lv 2:5; 8:26 (חַלַּת מ׳ אַחַת), Nu 6:19 (id.), v 19; usually pl. מַצּוֹת Ex 12:15 + 44 times; מַצֹּת Ex 12:18 + 3 times;—unleavened bread, prepared in form of לֶחֶם Ex 29:2; חַלָּה Ex 29:2 + 4 times P; רקיקים Ex 29:2 1 Ch 23:29 + 4 times P; עגה Ex 12:39; used at ordinary meals (prepared hastily): אפה מ׳ Gn 19:3 (J), Ex 12:39 (J), 1 S 28:24; prob. also Ju 6:19, 20, 21(×2); elsewhere at sacrificial meals, e.g. ritual peace-offerings Lv 2:4(×2), 5; 6:9; 7:12(×2); 10:12; consecration of priesthood Ex 29:2(×3), 23 Lv 8:2, 26(×2); at peace-offering of Nazairite Nu 6:15(×2) 17, 19(×2); at Passover Ex 12:8 Nu 9:11 (all P); especially at feast of unleavened bread [cakes] for 7 days after Passover שׁמר חג המ׳ Ex 23:15 (E), 34:18 (J); שׁמר מ׳ Ex 12:17 (P), עשׂה חג (ה)מ׳ 2 Ch 30:13, 21; 35:17 Ezr 6:22; בחג המ׳ Dt 16:16 2 Ch 8:13; חג המ׳ לי׳ Lv 23:6. During these seven days all Israel ate מצות Ex 12:15, 18, 20 (P), 23:15 (E), 13:6, 7; 34:18 (J), Lv 23:6 Nu 28:17 (P), Dt 16:3, 8 Jos 5:11 Ez 45:21.—2 K 23:6 read prob. מִצְוֹת or מְנָיוֹת for MT (אכל) מ׳; so Gei Kue Kmp Bu.

† חָלָב n.m. milk (NH id. (and vb. denom.); Aramaic חַלְבָּא, ܚܰܠܒܳܐ, Ph. חלב; Arabic حَليبٌ n. fresh milk, حَلَبَ vb. milk; Assyrian alibu, milk, v. DlPr 174; Ethiopic ሐሊብ )—ח׳ abs. Gn 18:18 + 35 times + Ez 34:3 (v. infr.); cstr. חֲלֵב Ex 23:19 + 5 times; sf. חֲלָבִי Ct 5:1, חֲלָבֵךְ Ez 25:4;—milk: a. as common food Gn 18:8 (J; distinct from חֶמְאָה curd, q.v.), חֲלֵב צֹאן Dt 32:14 (poet.; distinct from חֶמְאַת בָּקָר); in Ju 5:25 חָלָב is used parallel with חֶמְאָה; elsewhere חֶמְאָה seems to be produced from חָלָב:—מִיץ חָלָב יוֹצִיא חֶמְאָה Pr 30:33 a pressing (squeezing) of milk produces curd; מֵרֹב עֲשׂוֹת חָלָב יֹאכַל חֶמְאָה Is 7:22 because of abundant yield of milk he shall eat curd; cf. also חֲרִצֵי הֶחָלָב 1 S 17:18 cuts of milk, i.e. cheeses; it was received in buckets or pails (עֲטִינָיו) Jb 21:24 (v. Ew De Di VB), and kept in skins (נֹאוד ח׳) Ju 4:19; men drank it (שׁתה) Ez 25:4 (cf. השׁקה Ju 4:19), but also ate it (אכל), if emend. הֶחָלָב Ez 34:3 (for הַחֵלֶב) is right, 𝔊 𝔙 Bö Hi-Sm Co, al.; it was poured out, v. sim. of formation of the embryo הֲלֹא כֶח׳ תַּתִּיכֵנִי Jb 10:10 hast thou not poured me out like milk? specif. (1) חֲלֵב עִזִּים לְלַחְמְךָ Pr 27:27 milk of goats for thy food (RSSem i. 204). (2) c. אֵם mother’s milk: of kid לֹא־תְבַשֵּׁל גְּדִי בַּחֲלֵב אִמּוֹ Ex 23:19 = 34:26 (JE) = Dt 14:21, cf. טְלֵה ח׳ 1 S 7:9 sucking lamb (for sacrif.); but also of human beings גְּמוּלֵי מֵח׳ Is 28:9 weaned from milk (‖ עַתִּיקֵי מִשָּׁדָ֑יִם); fig. in promise to Zion וְיָנַקְתְּ חֲלֵב גּוֹיִם Is 60:16 and thou shalt suck the milk of nations (‖ וְשֹׁד מְלָכִים תִּינָ֑קִי). (3) ח׳ with wine, as especially delicacy Ct 5:1 (v. De), fig. of י׳’s choicest blessings Is 55:1. (4) often in phr. of productiveness of land of Canaan זָבַת חָלָב וּדְבָ֑שׁ (דְּבַשׁ) flowing with milk and honey Ex 3:8, 17; 13:5; 33:3 Nu 13:27; 14:8; 16:14 (all JE), Lv 20:24 (H), Dt 6:3; 11:9; 26:9, 15; 27:3; 31:20 Jos 5:6 Je 11:5; 32:22 Ez 20:6, 15, of Egypt Nu 16:13; the hills תֵּלַכְנָה ח׳ Jo 4:18 (‖ יִטְּפוּ הֶהָרִים עָסִיס); fig. of charms of loved one דְּבַשׁ וְח׳ תַּחַת לְשׁוֹנֵךְ Ct 4:12 honey and milk are under thy tongue. b. milk as white לְבֶן־שִׁנַּיִם מֵח׳ Gn 49:12 white of teeth, from milk; צַחוּ מֵח׳ La 4:7 they were whiter than milk (‖ זַכּוּ מִשֶּׁלֶג); so also prob. of eyes (iris) רֹחֲצוֹת בֶּח׳ Ct 5:12 bathed in milk, i.e. the white of the eye.—On milk as not used by Israel in sacrifice v. RSSem 204.

אֹ֫כֶל40 n.m. Gn 41:36 food (Arabic أُكْلٌ, Aramaic אוּכְלָא, ܐܘܽܟܠܴܐ, As. akalu DlW, Eth. እክል )—א׳ abs. Gn 41:35 +; cstr. Gn 41:35, 48; sf. אָכְלֶ֑ךָ Lv 25:37; אָכְלוֹ Mal 1:12. etc.;—Hex mostly JED, not Ez.—food, food-supply, especially cereals of store in Egypt Gn 41:35(×2) + 12 textual Gn 41–44; 47:24 cf. 14:11 (JE); also Lv 11:34; 25:37 (P) Dt 2:6, 28 (D); נֶשֶׁךְ א׳ usury of food Dt 23:20 (D) (‖ נ׳ כֶּסֶף, etc.); לְעֵת הָאֹכֶל at meal-time Ru 2:14; †poet. 17 textual;—food ψ 107:18; of offerings Mal 1:12; partic. food Jb 12:11 (as tasted); 36:31 (as given by God) so ψ 145:15; א׳ לְהָשִׁיב נָ֑פֶשׁ La 1:11 cf. v 19; especially cereals Pr 13:23 Jo 1:16 Hb 3:17; but also flesh ψ 78:18, 30; of food (prey) of wild animals ψ 104:21 (‖ טרף)27; of prey of eagles Jb 9:26; 39:29; ravens 38:41.

† תִּירוֹשׁ n.m. Ju 9:13 must, fresh or new wine; on meaning, v. ARSKEncy. Bib. Wine (iv. 5307 f.)—abs. תִּירוֹשׁ Nu 18:12 + 24 times; תִּירשׁ Gn 27:28 + 3 times; sf. תִּירוֹשִׁי Ju 9:13 Ho 2:11; תִּירשְׁךָ Dt 7:13 + 4 times Dt; תִּירוֹשֵׁךְ Is 62:8; תִּירוֹשָׁם ψ 4:8;—must, new wine, as enlivening ת׳ הַמְּשַׂמֵּחַ אֱלֹהִים וַאֲנָשִׁים Ju 9:13; as injurious זְנוּת וְיַיִן וְת׳ יִקַּח־לֵב Ho 4:11; poet. regarded as contained in the grapes יִמָּצֵא הַתּ׳ בָּאֶשְׁכּוֹל Is 65:8, cf. 24:7 (‖ גֶּפֶן); as yielding wine (יַיִן), תִּדְרֹךְ זַיִת וְלֹא תָסוּךְ שֶׁמֶן וְת׳ וְלֹא תִּשְׁתֶּה יָ֑יִן Mi 6:15; usually as a sign of fertility, or as valuable product: וְת׳ יְקָבֶיךָ יִפְרֹ֑צוּ Pr 3:10 with must thy vats shall burst open; + דָּגָן (q.v.) Gn 27:28, 37 (both J) Ho 2:11; 7:14 Zc 9:17 ψ 4:8 Is 62:8; ת׳ Ho 9:2 (‖ גֹּרֶן, יֶקֶב, cf. דָּגָּן v 1); אֶרֶץ ד׳ וְת׳ Dt 33:28; + יִצְהָר Jo 2:24 Ne 10:38 (+ פְּרִי כָל־עֵץ); + דָּגָן and יִצְהָר Ho 2:10, 24 Dt 7:13; 11:14; 12:17; 14:23; 18:4; 28:51 Je 31:12 Hg 1:11 Jo 1:10; 2:19 2 Ch 32:28 Ne 5:11; 10:40 13:5, 12; חֵלֶב ת׳ Nu 18:12 (v. ח׳; + id.); ת׳ 2 Ch 31:5 + דגן, יצהר, and דְּבַשׁ; אֶרֶץ דָּגָן וְת׳ אֶרֶץ לֶחֶם וּכְרָמִים Is 36:17 = 2 K 18:32 (+ ארץ זית יצהר ודבשׁ).

οἶνος, ὁ, wine, μέλας οἶ. (compare οἶνοψ) Refs 8th c.BC+ over one's cups, Refs 5th c.BC+: also in plural, ἡ ἐν τοῖς οἴ. διατριβή Refs 5th c.BC+ wines, X.[same place], Refs 5th c.BC+; οἶνος δωδεκάδραχμος wine at Refs 4th c.BC+; οἶνος καὶ ἀλάθεα (see. ἀλήθεια), in vino veritas, Refs 7th c.BC+; οἴνῳ τὸν οἶ. ἐξελαύνειν 'to take a hair of the dog that bit you', Refs 5th c.BC+; especially with names of places, Θάσιος, Χῖος, etc., Refs 4th c.BC+: resin was used as a preservative, πισσίτης οἶ. Refs 1st c.AD+ __2 fermented juice of other kinds, οἶνος ἐκ κριθέων πεποιημένος barley wine, a kind of beer, Refs 5th c.BC+; οἶ. φοινικήϊος palm-wine, Refs; lotus-wine, Refs; from which drinks grape-wine (οἶ. ἀμπέλινος) is expressly distinguished, Refs __II the wine-market, τρέχ᾽ ἐς τὸν οἶ. Refs 5th c.BC+ __III name of Dionysus, Refs 5th c.AD+.; cf. Latin vinum.??

† I. רִמּוֹן n.m. Je 52:23 pomegranate (foreign word of doubtful origin, cf. LöwNo. 310 HomA. u. A. 97 ff.; Aramaic רִימּוֹנָא, רוּמָּנָא, ܪܽܘܡܳܢܳܐ, Mand. רומאנא NöM. 123; Arabic رُمَّانٌ (Aramaic loan-word, Frä 142), Ethiopic ሮማን: );—abs. ר׳ 1 S 14:2 +, רִמֹּן Ex 39:26, 26; sf. רִמֹּנִי Ct 8:2; pl. רִמּוֹנִים 1 K 7:20 +, etc.;—pomegranate: 1. tree 1 S 14:2, often + גֶּפֶן, תְּאֵנָה, etc., Nu 20:5 (JE), Dt 8:8; Hg 2:19; Jo 1:12; Ct 4:13; 6:11; 7:13. 2. fruit Nu 13:23 (JE; + עֲנָבִים, תְּאֵנִים); עֲסִיס ר׳ Ct 8:2, פֶּלַח הָר׳ (in sim.) 4:3; 6:7. 3. ornaments in temple, shaped like pomegranates (cf. رُمَّانَة in mod. Syria = epaulet, AlmkvistKl. Beiträge zur Lexicogr., etc. NesMarg. 12), 1 K 7:18 (on text cf. StaZAW iii (1883), 154 f. Kit Benz), v 20, 42(×2) ‖ 2 Ch 3:16; 4:13(×2) 2 K 25:17 = Je 52:22; Je 52:22, 23(×2); so in tabernacle, Ex 28:33, 34(×2); 39:24, 25(×2), 26(×2).

† מַאֲכָל n.m. Ju 14:14 (f. Hb 1:16) food—מ׳ Gn 2:9 + 21 textual; cstr. מַאֲכַל Gn 40:7 + 3 textual; sf. מַאֲכָֽלְךָ Ez 4:10; מַאֲכָלוֹ Hb 1:16; מַאֲכָלָהּ Pr 6:8; מַאֲכַלְכֶם Dn 1:10—food, in genl. Gn 6:21 1 K 10:5 = 2 Ch 9:4 Hg 2:12; opp. drink Ezr 3:7 2 Ch 11:11 Dn 1:10; מַאֲכַל תַּאֲוָה Jb 33:20; fig. of peoples as fishes, food for Chaldeans Hb 1:16; appl. to fruit Gn 2:9; 3:6 (of tree טוֹב לְמ׳) cf. עֵץ־מ׳ Lv 19:23 Dt 20:20 Ne 9:25 Ez 47:12(×2); appl. to דָּגָן Is 62:8 appl.; to honey Ju 14:14; to flour 1 Ch 12:40(41), appos. קֶמַח; to food of ants Pr 6:8 (‖ לָחֶם); to baker’s work Gn 40:17 cf. Ez 4:10; appl. to carcasses, as food for beasts & birds of prey Dt 28:26 ψ 79:2 cf. 44:12 (צֹאן מ׳, sim. of suffering people) Je 7:33; 16:4; 19:7; 34:20 ψ 74:14.

† בֹּ֫שֶׂם n.m. 1 K 10:10 spice, balsam, balsamtree (Arabic بَشَامٌ, Aramaic בּוּסְמָא, ܒܶܣܡܳܐ, Gk. βάλσαμον; cf. Löw53)—ב׳ Is 3:24 +, בֶּ֫שֶׂם Ex 30:23 v. infr., בְּשָׂמִי Ct 5:1 (as if from בָּשָׂם); pl. בְּשָׂמִים Ex 25:6 + 18 times, בְּשָׂמָיו Ct 4:16;— 1. spice, perfume, sweet odour Is 3:24; קִנְּמָן־בֶּשֶׂם Ex 30:23 (ב׳ perhaps so pointed to distinguish it from) קְנֵה־בֹשֶׂם v 23;—with this cf. Aramaic ܩܢܝܐ ܕܒܣܡܐ, קני בוסמא;—spices as costly, token of wealth 2 K 20:13 = Is 39:2 cf. 2 Ch 32:27; royal gifts 1 K 10:2, 10, 25 = 2 Ch 9:1, 19, 24; cf. sg. 1 K 10:10 = 2 Ch 9:9; as article of commerce Ez 27:22; burnt at burial 2 Ch 16:14; appointed for ingredient of the anointing oil Ex 25:6; 35:8 cf. v 28 (all P), cf. 1 Ch 9:30 (Palm. v. supr.); stored in temple 1 Ch 9:29; used for purifying the women of Ahasuerus Est 2:12; 2. elsewhere only Ct 4:10, 14 spices, v 16 balsam-juice, gathered Ct 5:1; balsam-tree הָרֵי ב׳ Ct 8:14; beds of balsam עֲרֻגוֹת בּ׳ Ct 6:2; cf. עֲרוּגֵת בּ׳ Ct 5:13 sim. of lover’s cheeks.

† טֶ֫רֶף n.m. Na 3:1 prey, food; leaf;—טֶרֶף Gn 49:9 +; טָ֑רֶף Jb 4:11 +; sf. טַרְפֵּךְ Na 2:14; טַרְפּוֹ Is 31:4; pl. cstr. טַרְפֵּי Ez 17:9;— 1. prey of lion Am 3:4 Jb 4:11; 38:39 ψ 104:21; metaph. of Judah’s conquests Gn 49:9, Israel like lion Nu 23:24 (both poems in JE); of Assyrians Is 5:29; of Nineveh and its king Na 2:13, 14; 3:1; Israel’s princes (as young lion) Ez 19:3, 6; sim. of false prophet (like lion) 22:25; of princes of Judah v 27; sim. of י’s descending to battle, like lion Is 31:4; cf. ψ 76:5 coming down from mountains of prey (the lion’s lair), but read perhaps עַד, cf. 𝔊 Bi Che crit. n.; fig. of spoil of wicked Jb 29:17, cf. ψ 124:6. 2. food, of outcasts, under fig. of wild ass פֶּרֶא Jb 24:5; of human food (late): for those who fear God ψ 111:5; for household Pr 31:15; in י׳’s house Mal 3:10. 3. leaf, (cf. Gn 8:11) טַרְפֵּי צִמְחָהּ Ez 17:9 metaph. of Judah.

† I. יִצְהָר n.[m.] fresh oil (newly appeared, cf. ‘Ausbruch’ LagBN 129 Köii 1, 93; > Thes al. that which shines);—abs. יִצ׳ Ho 2:10 +, sf. יִצְהָרֶ֑ךָ Dt 7:13 +;—fresh oil, as product of land, in unmanufactured state, usually + תִּירוֹשׁ, דָּגָן etc., rich possession, gift of י׳ Ho 2:10, 24; Je 31:12; Dt 7:13; 11:14; Jo 2:19, 24, so חֵלֶב יִצ׳ Nu 18:12; Dt 28:51; Hg 1:11; 2 Ch 32:28; Ne 5:11; tithed Dt 12:17; 14:23; firstfruits for priest 18:4; Ne 10:38 cf. v 40 13:5 (tithe for Levites), v 12, for priest and Levite 2 Ch 31:5; זֵית יִצ׳ 2 K 18:32 oil-olive, i.e. oil-yielding olive-trees, cf. יִצ׳ alone Jo 1:10; יִצ׳ as anointing oil only in בְּנֵי הַיִּצ׳ Zc 4:14, i.e. anointed ones.

† אָכְלָה17 n.f. food, eating (with some verbal force, cf. DrJPhl. xi.217) only P, & Ez always לְאָכְלָה, 1. especially in phr. like לָכֶם יִהְיֶה לְאָ׳ Gn 1:29; 6:21; 9:3 Lv 11:39; so 25:6 וְהָיְתָה שַׁבַּת הָאָרֶץ לָכֶם לְאָכְלָה; cf. נָתַן" dir="rtl" >נָתַן לְא׳ Gn 1:30 Ex 16:15. 2. devouring, by wild beasts, only fig. of ravaged people Ex 29:5 34:5, 8, 10; 39:4, cf. 35:12. 3. consuming, in fire Ez 15:4, 6, of fire-sacrifice of children 23:37; fig. of judgment of י׳ Ez 21:37; (cf. also inf. of אָכַל).

βρῶμα, ατος, τό, (βιβρώσκω) that which is eaten, food, meat, Refs 5th c.BC+; opposed to ὄψα, Refs 3rd c.BC+ __II cavity in a tooth, Refs 5th c.BC+ __II.2 moth-eating, in plural, LXX __III plural, filth, ordure, probably in NT; compare βρῶμος (B).

τροφ-ή, ἡ, (τρέφω) nourishment, food, NT+5th c.BC+; the means of maintaining an army, provisions, forage, τροφὴν παρέχειν Refs 3rd c.BC+ __2 βίου τροφαί way of life, livelihood, living, Refs 5th c.BC+; τροφή alone, δουλίαν ἕξειν τροφήν Refs 5th c.BC+: then, simply, mode of life, δίκην τίνουσαι τῆς προτέρας τ. Refs 5th c.BC+ __3 that which provides or procures sustenance, as the bow of Philoctetes, χερὶ πάλλων τὰν ἐμὰν μελέου τροφάν Refs 5th c.BC+ __4 a meal, τροφαῖς τέτταρσιν ἐχρῶντο Philem.Refs cited in Refs 2nd c.AD+ __II nurture, rearing, παιδία.. τρέφειν.. τροφήν τινα τοιήνδε Refs 5th c.BC+; χάριν τροφᾶς ἀμείβων variant in Refs 5th c.BC+ while in the nursery, opposed to ἐφηβήσας, Refs 5th c.BC+; ἐκτίνων τροφάς, much like{τροφεῖα}, Refs 4th c.BC+ __II.2 education, Refs 5th c.BC+ __II.3 rearing or keeping of animals, Refs 5th c.BC+ __III sometimes in Poets for the concrete θρέμμα, brood, νέα τ. a new generation, Refs 5th c.BC+; of animals, ἀρνῶν τροφαί, i.e. young lambs, Refs 5th c.BC+ __IV a place in which animals are reared, ἰβίων τροφαί Refs 3rd c.BC+

[סַם16] n.m. spice, used in incense;—only pl. abs. סַמִּים, and only P Ch; Ex 30:34(×2) elsewhere קְטֹרֶת (הַ)סַּמִּים incense of spices 25:6 + 8 times Ex, Lv 4:7; 16:12; Nu 4:16; 2 Ch 2:3; 13:11.

† שְׁאֵר n.m. ψ 73:26 flesh (perhaps orig. the inner flesh, full of blood, next the bones, cf. HoffmZAW iii (1883), 107, and בָּשָׂר = (orig.) flesh next the skin);—שׁ׳ abs. ψ 78:20, 27, cstr. Mi 3:3 +, sf. שְׁאֵרִי Je 51:35 ψ 73:26, etc.;— 1. flesh: a. as food, Ex 21:10 (HPS also 1 S 9:24, for הַנִּשְׁאָר), ψ 78:20 (‖ לֶחֶם), v 27 (‖ עוֹף בָּנָף); fig. Mi 3:2 (‖ עוֹר), v 3 (‖ id.), Je 51:35 (‖ דָּם). b. fig. for physical power ψ 73:26 (+ לֵבָב), Pr 5:11 (+ בָּשָׂר). 2. in HP = flesh- (= blood-) relation (i.e. one near of kin): שְׁאֵר אָבִיךָ Lv 18:12, cf. v 13; 20:19, also 18:17 (read שְׁאֵרְךָ for שַׁאֲרָה, 𝔊 Ew Dr-Wh; cf. Di Baen); + הַקָּרֹב אֵלָיו 21:2 Nu 27:11; שׁ׳ בְּשָׂרוֹ Lv 18:6; 25:49. 3. = self, Pr 11:17 (‖ נֶפֶשׁ).

ζύμ-η [ῡ], ἡ, leaven, LXX+4th c.BC+; beer-yeast, Refs 2nd c.AD+, etc.: metaphorically, of corruption, falsehood, NT.Matt.16.6, etc. (ζῡ-μᾱ or ζῡσ-μᾱ, cf. Sanskrit yauti 'mix', Sanskrit yūs, Latin jūs 'soup', Lett. jaut 'stir dough', javs 'dough'.)

† I. מָן n.m. Nu 11:9 manna ( = Arabic مَنٌّ, known to Beduin in Sin. Penin.; a juice exuding in heavy drops from twigs (some say also the leaves) of Ṭarfa (Ṭŭrfa) tree (tamarix gallica mannifera) in W. Sin. Penin., end of May and in June, sweet, sticky, honey-like; cf. Di Ex 16:36 RobBR i, 75, 115, 590 EbGS 233 ff., 574 ff. SocZMG xxxv. 1881, 254);—מ׳ abs. Ex 16:15 + 12 times, sf. מַנְךָ Ne 9:20:—manna: וַיֹּאמְרוּ מָן הוּא כִּי לֹא יָֽדְעוּ מַה־הוּא Ex 16:15; v 31, 33, 35(×2) Nu 11:6, 7, 9 (described Ex 16:14, 31 Nu 11:7; accomp. dew Ex 16:14 Nu 11:9); ceased after Israel reached Canaan Jos 5:12(×2); as 2nd acc. הֶאֱכִילְךָ אֶת־הַמָּן Dt 8:3, cf. v 16; וַיּמְטֵר עֲלֵיהֶם מָן לֶאֱכֹל ψ 78:24; וּמַנְךָ לֹא־מָנַעְתָּ מִפִּיהֶם Ne 9:20.

† סָעַד vb. support, sustain, stay (NH id., especially take a meal; Aramaic סְעַד support, stay; Zinj. סעד strengthen Lzb 330, support, perhaps feed Cook85; ChrPalAramaic n. ܣܥܕܘܢܐ aid, SchwallyIdiot. 64; Arabic سَعِدَ, سُعِدَ iii, iv. aid, assist, Lane 1360, سَاعِدٌ forearm Id 1362; Sab. סעד DHM Südar. Alt. p. 16);— Qal Pf. 3 ms. וְסָעַד consec. Pr 20:28; Impf. 3 ms. יִסְעָ֑ד 3 fs. sf. תִּסְעָדֵ֫נִי ψ 18:36, read also in ‖ 2 S 22:36, etc.; Imv. ms. סְעָד Ju 19:5 (on—ָ prob. ŏ, by error, v. Köi 261 f. GFMad loc.), סְעָד־נָא v 8 (cf. id.), וּסֳעָ֑דָה 1 K 13:7; sf. סְעָדֵנִי ψ 119:117; Inf. cstr. sf. וּלְסַעֲדָהּ Is 9:6;—support, sustain, always fig.: 1. sustain, stay, the heart (cf. לֵבָב 8, לֵב 8), with food Gn 18:5 (J), Ju 19:5 (c. 2 acc.), v 8, ψ 104:15; obj. om. 1 K 13:7. 2. a. support throne (subj. kg.) Pr 20:28, coming ruler Is 9:6. b. support, uphold c. acc. pers. (subj. י׳, his hand etc.) ψ 18:36 + ‖ 2 S 22:36 (v supr.), ψ 20:3; 41:4; 94:18; 119:117.

† צֵידָה n.f. id.;—abs. צ׳ Jos 9:11 + 2 times; צֵדָה Gn 42:25 + 5 times;—provision for journey, march, Gn 42:25; 45:21 Ex 12:39 (all E), Jos 1:11 (D), 9:11 (JE), Ju 7:8 (text dub. cf. GFM), 20:10 1 S 22:10; supply of food ψ 78:25.—Gn 27:3 v. i. צַיִד, sub צוד.

βρῶσις, εως, ἡ, Epic dialect βρώσ-ιος Refs 8th c.BC+: (βιβρώσκω):— meat, opposed to πόσις, Refs 8th c.BC+ __2 pasture, προβάτων Refs 2nd c.AD+ __II eating, παίδων Refs 5th c.BC+ __II.2 taste, flavour, Refs 2nd c.BC+ __II.3 corrosion, rust, NT; decay, Refs 2nd c.AD+

ἔλαιον, τό, (ἐλαία) olive-oil, in Refs 8th c.BC+ mostly anointing-oil, used after the bath, λοεσσαμένω καὶ ἀλειψαμένω λίπ᾽ ἐλαίῳ Refs 8th c.BC+; before wrestling and other gymnastic exercises, πωλησεῦντι τὸ ἔ. εἰς τὸ γυμνάσιον Refs; ἔ. θεῖναι to provide oil at the baths, Refs (a); ἐλαίῳ πῦρ κατας βεννύναι Refs 2nd c.AD+; εὐῶδες ἔ. Refs 8th c.BC+; ῥοδόεν (rose-scented) Refs 8th c.BC+; ἔ. λευκονRefs 4th c.BC+ __II any oily substance, ἔ. χήνειον Refs 5th c.BC+; κίκινον, ἀμυγδάλινον ἔ., etc., Refs 1st c.AD+; ἔ. ἀπὸ σελαχῶν, like our 'cod-liver oil', Refs 4th c.BC+; ἔ. ἀπὸ γάλακτος butter, Refs 4th c.BC+ __III at Athens, oil-market, ἀναμενῶ σε.. πρὸς τοὔλαιον Refs 4th c.BC+

† חָמֵץ n.m. Ex 13:3 that which is leavened—ח׳ Ex 12:15 + 10 times—forbidden at Passover Ex 12:15 (P), 13:3, 7 (JE), Dt 16:3, in all sacrifices Ex 23:18; 34:25 (both JE); cf. Am 4:5; Lv 2:11; 6:10 (P; appos.); exceptions are לֶחֶם ח׳ of peace-offering Lv 7:13 (P), and the wave-loaves (ח׳ appos.) Lv 23:17 (H).—v. RSSem 203 OTJC 2, 345.

† [רִיחַ] vb. denom. Hiph. (?), smell, perceive odour;—Impf. 3 ms. יָרִיחַ Jb 39:25, יָרַח 1 S 26:19 + 2 times; וַיָּ֫רַח Gn 8:21; 3 mpl. יְרִיח֑וּן ψ 115:6, יְרִיחֻ֑ן Dt 4:28, etc.; Inf. cstr. הָרִיחַ Ex 30:38, etc.;—smell, c. acc. Gn 8:21; 27:27 (JE), 1 S 26:19; abs. Dt 4:28 ψ 115:6; metaph. בַּהֲרִיחוֹ אֵשׁ Ju 16:9, יָרִיחַ מִלְחָמָה Jb 39:25 the horse scenteth battle; c. ב Ex 30:38; Lv 26:31 (both P); metaph. = delight in Am 5:21; Is 11:3 (prob. dittogr. BrMP 202).

ἄζῡμος, ον, without process of fermentation, Refs 5th c.BC+:—of bread, unleavened, ἄρτοςRefs 5th c.BC+; ἄρτους ἀ., ἄζυμα λάγανα, LXXthe feast of unleavened cakes, NT; ἡ ἑορτὴ τῶν ἀ. LXX+NT

ἄμωμος, ον, blameless, Refs 7th c.BC+; without blemish, εἶδος ἄ.Refs 8th c.BC+ __2 unblemished, of victims, etc., LXX+NT+1st c.AD+ __3 unimpaired, perfect, ὑγίειαRefs 4th c.BC+

† II. יִצְהָר n.pr.m. Ισ(σ)ααρ: Levite, son of Kohath Ex 6:18, 21; Nu 3:19; 16:1 1 Ch 5:28; 6:3, 23; 23:12, 18.

† מִחְיָה n.f. preservation of life, sustenance, מ׳ Gn 45:5 + 4 times; cstr. מִחְיַת Lv 13:10, 24; sf. מִחְיָתֶ֑ךָ Ju 17:10;— 1. preservation of life Gn 45:5 (E), 2 Ch 14:12. 2. sustenance Ju 6:4; 17:10. 3. reviving, Ezr 9:8, 9. 4. the quick (בָּשָׂר) מִחְיַת the quick (or raw spot) of the flesh Lv 13:10, 24 (P).

† [מַטְעָם] n.m. only pl. tasty or savoury food, dainties—מַטְעַמִּים Gn 27:4, 7, 9, 14, 17, 31 (all J); sf. מַטְעַמּוֹתָיו Pr 23:3; מַטְעַמֹּתָיו v 6.

† אֲרֻחָה n.f. meal, allowance (of food) abs. Je 40:5; cstr. אֲרֻחַת יָרָק Pr 15:17 a portion of herbs, i.e. a slender meal; elsewhere of allowance given to captive king Jehoiachin, א׳ תָּמִיד a continual allowance 2 K 25:30 = Je 52:34; אֲרֻחָתוֹ ib. = id.

† חֲמַר n.m. wine (𝔗 Syriac; BH חֶמֶר (poet. and late), √ I. חמר);—abs. ח׳ Ezr 6:9; 7:22; emph. חַמְרָא Dn 5:1, 2, 4, 23.

† לוּשׁ vb. knead (NH id.; Aramaic לוּשׁ, ܠܳܫ, Ethiopic ሎሠ: or ሎሰ: );— Qal Impf. 3 fs. וַּתָּ֫לָשׁ 1 S 28:24; 2 S 13:8 Qr (Kt ושׁ-); Imv. fs. ל֫וּשִׁי Gn 18:6; Inf. cstr. מִלּוּשׁ Ho 7:4; Pt. fpl. לָשׁוֹת Je 7:18;—knead (obj. not expr. = קֶמַח סֹלֶת) Gn 18:6 (J), cf. 1 S 28:24; obj. בָּצֵק dough Ho 7:4; Je 7:18 cf. 2 S 13:8.

† צֳרִי (Gn 37:25) (וּ)צְרִי, צֹ֑רִי Ez 27:17 n.[m.] a kind of balsam, as merchandise Gn 37:25 (J), gift Gn 43:11 (J), medicament Je 8:22; 46:11; 51:8 (for national disaster, in fig.);—ThDyer-M’Lean in Ency. Bib.Balm think a resin, like (not necess. =) gum of mastic-tree, pistacia lentiscus (otherwise PostHastings DB).

γάλα [??], τό, genitive γάλακτος (also γάλακος, dative γάλακι Refs 5th c.BC+ indeclinable, Refs 5th c.BC+, cf. Latin lac for glact):—milk, ἀμελγόμενοι γ. λευκόν Refs 8th c.BC+; εὔποτον γ., εὐτραφὲς γ., Refs 4th c.BC+; ἐν γάλακτι ὤν, τεθραμμένη, at the breast, Refs 5th c.BC+; ἐν γάλαξι τρέφεσθαι Refs 5th c.BC+; ἐμπλῆσαι γάλακτος to fill full of milk, Refs 5th c.BC+ __2 ὀρνίθων γ. (ὄρνιθος γάλα, ={ὀρνιθόγαλον}, Refs 5th c.BC+ as white of egg, compare Refs 2nd c.AD+ __3 ἀγαθὸν γ. a good wet-nurse, Refs 3rd c.BC+; οὐδ᾽ εἰ γ. λαγοῦ εἶχον.. καὶ ταὧς, κατήσθιον Refs 2nd c.AD+ __II milky sap of plants, Refs 4th c.BC+ __III the milky way, Refs 4th c.BC+

φύρ-ᾱμα [ῡ], ατος, τό, that which is mixed or kneaded, dought, NT+4th c.BC+; generally, paste, κονίας καὶ βολβίτου φ. Refs 1st c.AD+; opposed to θραῦσμα, Refs: metaphorically, of the human frame as a mixture, compound, Refs 1st c.AD+ __2 generally, mixture, σύμμιγμα καὶ φ. ἀέρος καὶ πυρός Refs 1st c.AD+: in plural, cements, Refs

† בָּצֵק n.[m.] dough—בָּצֵק Ex 12:39 + 4 times; sf. בְּצֵקוֹ Ex 12:34;—dough, not fermented Ex 12:34, 39 (E); no restriction 2 S 13:8 Ho 7:4 Je 7:18.

† מִסְפּוֹא n.m. Gn 24:25 fodder;—always abs. מ׳, Gn 24:25, elsewhere obj. of נָתַן v 32; 43:24 (all J) 42:27 (E) Ju 19:19.

† נֹ֫פֶת n.m. Pr 24:13 flowing honey, honey from the comb (Ph. נפת CIS i. 166, 8 b);—נ׳ abs. Pr 5:3 + 3 times, cstr. ψ 19:11;—sweet Pr 24:13 (‖ דְּבַשׁ), cf. 27:7; fig. of sweet words Pr 5:3, and perhaps Ct 4:11 (Bu of kisses; ‖ דְּבַשׁ, חָלָב); in full נ׳ צוּפִים ψ 19:11 honey of (the) combs (comp. with מִשְׁפְּטֵי י׳; ‖ דְּבַשׁ).

† עָסִיס n.m. Jo 1:5 sweet wine (proposes pressed out juice);—abs. ע׳ Am 9:13 (v. Dr and reff.), Jo 1:5; 4:18; in sim. Is 49:26; cstr. עֲסִיס רִמֹּנִי Ct 8:2.

† שְׂאֹר n.m. Ex 12:19 leaven;—abs. שׂ׳ Ex 13:7 (J), Dt 16:4 (D), Ex 12:15, 19; Lv 2:11 (all P).

† II. [שֶׁ֫מֶר] n.m. Is 25:6 only pl. lees, dregs (fig.);—abs. שְׁמָרִים Is 25:6(×2) (in both = wine matured by resting undisturbed on the lees); sf. שֹׁקֵט הוּא אֶל־שְׁמָרָיו Je 48:11 (of Moab’s undisturbed life), cf. (of careless men) הַקֹּפְאִים עַל־ שִׁמְרֵיהֶם Zp 1:12; שְׁמָרֶיהָ ψ 75:9 (of י׳’s cup of judgment).

ἄρωμα [ᾰρ], ατος, τό, (ἀρόω) __B arable land, corn-land, Refs 5th c.BC+

δειπν-έω, future -ήσωRefs 5th c.BC+, -ήσομαι Refs 1st c.BC+aorist ἐδείπνησα, Epic dialect δείπνησα Refs 8th c.BC+: perfect δεδείπνηκα Refs 5th c.BC+; Attic dialect 1st pers. plural δεδείπναμεν Refs 4th c.BC+; infinitive δεδειπνάναι Refs 5th c.BC+: pluperfect ἐδεδειπνήκεσαν Refs 5th c.BC+; Epic dialect δεδειπνήκειν Refs 8th c.BC+:—make a meal, Refs 8th c.BC+: in Attic dialect always, take the chief meal, dine, once in Trag., δειπνεῖν Refs 5th c.BC+; δ. τὸ ἄριστον make breakfast serve as dinner, Refs 5th c.BC+; δ. παρά τινι with one, Refs 5th c.BC+; [ἐν πρυτανείῳ] Refs 5th c.BC+ __2 with accusative, δ. ἄρτον make a meal on bread, Refs 8th c.BC+; δ. τἀλλότρια, of parasites, frequently in Comedy texts,Refs 5th c.BC+ __II active, entertain, τινάς Refs

ζῡμ-όω, ζύμη ) leaven, μικρὰ ζύμη ὅλον τὸ φύραμα ζ. NT:—passive, to be leavened, ferment, LXX+1st c.AD+; of digestion, τὰ μέλανα -οῦται Refs 5th c.BC+; [κοιλίη] ἐζυμωμένη in a ferment, Refs __2 cause to effervesce, γῆν Refs 2nd c.AD+ —passive, ζυμουμένη [χύτρα] Refs 2nd c.AD+

μάννᾰ, ἡ, μάννα λιβάνου frankincense powder or granules, Refs 1st c.AD+; but μ. λιβανωτοῦ gum of λίβανος, Refs 4th c.BC+; μ. alone, of the powder, Refs 5th c.BC+; ={λιβάνου τὸ λεπτόν}, Refs __II μάννα, τό, = Hebrew mān, manna, LXX+1st c.AD+

μέλῐ, τό, genitive ῐτος, etc.; dative μέλι Refs 5th c.BC+:—honey, Refs 8th c.BC+; said to be made from the palm (φοῖνιξ), Refs 5th c.BC+ __2 in comparisons, of anything sweet, especially of eloquence, μέλιτος γλυκίων ῥέεν αὐδή Refs 8th c.BC+, of those who refuse to take 'the rough with the smooth', Refs 7th c.BC+ __II sweet gum collected from certain trees, manna, Refs 4th c.BC+; μ. ἄγριον, μαινόμενον, Refs 1st c.BC+. (Cf. Gothic milip, Latin mel.)

† III. [אהל] n.[m.] odorif. tree, aloe (?) (? loan-word from Skr. aguru, agaru, dial. aghil, cf. WilsonSkr. Dict.; M. Müller in Pusey Dn 2d ed. p. 647 f.; aloëxylon agallochum (cf. SigismundAromata, Leipz. 1884, p. 38 f, MV cite KondrackiBeitr.z.Kenntn.d.Aloe, Dorpat 1874 & BaerReden III, 293 f); others aloë succotrina (SchenkelBL, cf. Di ad Nu 24:6); Wetzst in DeCt 2d ed. 167 brings under I. אהל; he proposes cardamum, Ar. هَيْل from أُهَيْل = little tents, from three-cornered shape of capsules) 1. pl. אֲהָלִים trees planted by י׳ Nu 24:6 (‖ ארזים) perhaps error for אֵילִים cf. Di. 2. aloes, as sweet-smelling; perfume for bed, אֲהָלִים Pr 7:17 (‖ מֹר, קִנָּמוֹן); for garments אֲהָלוֹת ψ 45:9 (‖ מֹר, קְצִיעוֹת); of bride, under fig. of odorif. tree Ct 4:14 (‖ מֹר, כָּל־רָאשֵׁי בְשָׂמִים).

† אֲשִׁישָׁה n.f. (pressed) raisin-cake—א׳ 2 S 6:19 1 Ch 16:3 distributed, with other viands, to people, especially as stimulating, pl. אֲשִׁישׁוֹת Ct 2:5; more explicitly אֲשִׁישֵׁי עֲנָבִים Ho 3:1 used in sacrificial feasts (cf. RSOTJC Lect. xi. n. 7); אֲשִׁישֵׁי קִיר חֲרֶשֶׂת Is 16:7, i.e. the raisin-cakes which were an article of trade at Qir-ḥareseth (taken by Thes al. = foundations, i.e. foundations exposed by ruin, from [אָשִׁישׁ] with such a meaning).

† I. חָמֵץ vb. be sour, leavened (NH id., Pi. Hiph. make sour, leaven; Arabic حَمُضَ be sour; Aramaic חֲמַע be sour, leavened, ܚܡܰܥ, be leavened)— Qal Pf. חָמֵץ Ex 12:39; Impf. יֶחְמָ֑ץ Ex 12:34; Inf. sf. חֻמְצָתוֹ Ho 7:4;—be leavened, of dough (בָּצֵק), Ex 12:34, 39 (E), cf. Ho 7:4. Hithp. be soured, embittered, ψ 73:21 (‖ כִּלְיוֹתַי אֶשְׁתּוֹנָן).

† חָנַט vb. spice, make spicy, embalm (NH id., bud, blossom; Arabic حَنَطَ become mature, ii. prepare for burial, حَنُوطٌ spices for a corpse; حَنَّاطٌ embalmer, Dozyi, 322 after PS1320; Aramaic ܚܢܰܛ, חֲנַט embalm; so Ethiopic ሐነጠ (loan-word Di110));— Qal Pf. 3 fs. הָֽנְטָה Ct 2:13; Impf. 3 mpl. וַיַּחַנְטוּ Gn 50:2, 26; Inf. cstr. לַחֲנֹט Gn 50:2;— 1. spice, make spicy הַתְּאֵנָה ח׳ פַגֶּיהָ Ct 2:13 the fig-tree spiceth its figs, so VB De in transl. (Ew De in notes Öt al. prefer reddeneth, on account of spring season, cf. the less common and perhaps secondary sense in Arabic become red (of leather) Lane657 a). 2. embalm, sq. acc. pers. Gn 50:2(×2) (performed by הָרֹפְאִים), v 26.

† [מַעֲדָן] n.[m.] dainty (food), delight;—only pl.;—מַעֲדַנֵּי מֶלֶךְ Gn 49:20 (poem) royal dainties; הָאֹכְלִים לְמַעֲדַנִּים La 4:5 those who ate (according to dainties) daintily; more gen. וְיִתֵּן מַעֲדַנִּים לְנַפְשֶׁ֑ךָ Pr 29:17 he shall give delight to thy soul (‖ וִינִיתֶ֑ךָ).—מַעֲדַנּוֹת, v. p. 588 and p. 772.

† [עֲדָשָׁה] n.f. lentile (NH עֲדָשָׁה id.; LöwNo. 140; Arabic عَدَسٌ; on formation v. LagBN 50);—pl. עֲדָשִׁים growing 2 S 23:11; art. of food, 2 S 17:28; Ez 4:9; נְוִיד ע׳ Gn 25:34 (J) pottage of lentiles.

† [עֲרִיסָה] n.f. meaning dub., usually coarse meal; 𝔊 AV RV dough, so Toy (with?) (NH עַרְסָן barley-meal; Syriac ܐܰܪܣܳܢܳܐ (in Lexx) hulled barley, or (cf. LagGGN 1889, 301 f.) wheat); > Sm Ez Co Ez kneading-trough (so NH עֲרִיסָה Jastr; appar. secondary, עֲרִיסָה also [bed], cradle, v. ערשׂ);—only רֵאשִׁית עֲרִיסֹתֵיכֶם Ez 44:30, ר׳ עֲרִיסֹתֵינוּ Ne 10:38; ר׳ עֲרִסֹתֵיכֶם Nu 15:20, 21 (P).

† פּוֹל n.[m.]coll. beans (NH = BH; Arabic فُولٌ; Ethiopic ፋል 𝔗 פּוֹלָא);—2 S 17:28; Ez 4:9, 𝔊 κύαμος.

† II. [צַ֫יִד] n.[m.] provision, food;—abs. צָ֑יִד Ne 13:15; sf. צֵידוֹ Jb 38:41, etc.;—provision taken on journey Jos 9:14, לֶחֶם צֵידָם v 5 (both JE); more gen. (late), food, food-supply, Ne 13:15 ψ 132:15, of raven Jb 38:41.—i. צַיִד v. צוד.

† [צִמּוּק] n.m. 1 S 30:12 bunch of raisins (dried grapes);—pl. צִמֻּקִים 1 S 25:18; 30:12, צִמּוּקִים 2 S 16:1; 1 Ch 12:41 (van d. H. v 40).

† תַּמְרוּק n.[m.] id.;—abs. sg. only Pr 20:30 Qr, v. מרק Hiph.; elsewhere pl. cstr. ��ַּמְרוּקֵי הַנָּשִׁים Est 2:12; sf. תַּמְרוּקֶיהָ v 9, תַּמְרוּקֵיהֶן v 3.

ἀριστάω, infinitive ἀριστᾶν, Ionic dialect -ῆνRefs 5th c.BC+: perfect ἠρίστηκαRefs 5th c.BC+; of this tense the Comedy texts also used I plural ἠρίσταμενRefs 5th c.BC+, infinitive ἠριστάναιRefs 5th c.BC+ — passive, perfect ἠρίστημαι, see below [ᾱρ Refs 5th c.BC+; ᾰρ only late, Refs 6th c.AD+]:—take the ἄριστον or midday meal, Refs 5th c.BC+; ἠρίστων, opposed to ἐδείπνουν, Refs 5th c.BC+: with accusative of things, breakfast on, ἴα καὶ ῥόδαRefs 5th c.BC+: perfect passive impersonal, ἠρίστηται δ᾽ ἐξαρκούντωςRefs 5th c.BC+ __2 eat a second meal, opposed to μονοσιτέω, Refs 5th c.BC+

ἀρτύω Refs 8th c.BC+, imperfect ἤρτῠονRefs 8th c.BC+, the only tenses in Refs 8th c.BC+future ἀρτύσω [ῡ] Refs 5th c.BC+: aorist ἤρτῡσαRefs 5th c.BC+perfect ἤρτῡκα (κατ-) Refs 4th c.BC+:—passive, perfect ἤρτῡμαιRefs 5th c.BC+aorist ἠρτύθην [ῡ] Refs 2nd c.AD+ —like ἀρτύνω, arrange, prepare, make ready, of things requiring skill or cunning, e.g. of a smith, τὰ δ᾽ ἤρτυεRefs 8th c.BC+ __II in culinary sense, dress savoury meat, season, Refs 5th c.BC+:—passive, κίχλαι.. εἰς ἀνάβραστ᾽ ἠρτυμέναιRefs 5th c.BC+ __III administer property, Refs 5th c.BC+ __IV bequeath, Refs

† בְּלִיל n.m. Is 30:24 fodder (Aramaic ܒܠܝܺܠ; cf. Arabic بُلَّةٌ moisture of fresh pasture)—בְּלִיל Is 30:24; sf. בְּלִילוֹ Jb 6:5; 24:6—fodder (strictly, mixed fodder, farrago) Jb 6:5; as growing in field 24:6 cf. Is 30:24.

† בִּרְיָה n.f. food 2 S 13:5, 7, 10; Ez 34:20 v. בָּרִיא.

† כַּמֹּן n.m. cumin, plant grown as condiment (𝔊 κύμινον, cuminum cyminum; PlinNH xix. 8; Germ. ‘römischer Kümmel;’ LöwNo. 152; √ dub.; NH id. Aramaic כַּמּוֹנָא, ܟܰܡܘܽܢܳܐ; Arabic كَمُّونٌ, Ethiopic ከሚን on format. cf. LagBN 89; loan-word according to Di832);—Is 28:25, 27, 27.

† מָרָק (van d. H. מָרַק) n.m. juice stewed out of meat, or broth (on form cf. LagBN 50);—וְהַמָּרָק שָׂם בַּפָּרוּר (וְהַמָּרַק Bomb.) Ju 6:19 (v. GFM); וְאֶת־הַמָּרָק שְׁפוֹךְ v 20; cstr. מְרַק Is 65:4 Qr, so Vrss (Kt פרק) broth of unclean things.

† [נִקּוּד] n.[m.] perhaps what is crumbled or easily crumbles, crumb (cf. נְקֻדָּה);—only pl. 1. crumbs: כֹּל לֶחֶם צֵידָם יָבֵשׁ֭ הָיָה נִקֻּדִים Jos 9:5 all the bread of their provision was dry (and) become crumbs (𝔊 βεβρωμένος[οι]; 𝔙 in frusta comminuti), cf. יָבֵשׁ וְהָיָה נ׳ v 12 (v. Di Benn). 2. appar. a kind of (hard) biscuit or cake 1 K 14:3 (brought as present; + לֶחֶם, etc.).

† נֵרְדְּ n.m. nard, an odorif. plant from India (via Presia) (Skr. naladâ; Pers. nârdîn; Sab. Arabic transp. رَنْد according to DHMBurgen u. Schlosser 975 (SB xcvii) v. also Sab.Denkm. 82; Gk. νάρδος [so 𝔊] (through Semites) LewyFremdwörter 40; cf. LöwNo. 316 LagM. ii. 25);—abs. נ׳ Ct 4:14; sf. נִרְדִּי נָתַן רֵיחוֹ 1:12; pl. נְרָדִים 4:13.

† קִנָּמוֹן n.m. cinnamon (prob. foreign wd., coming with the thing from remote E., cf. MʾLean-ThDyerEncy. Bib. s.v.; cp. with Malay kainamanis by RödThesAdd. 111, kāyü mānĭs LewyFremdw. 37, but only Kāyu, wood, given by ScottMal. Words in Eng. JAOS xvii, xviii (1896, 1897); Gk. κιννάμων from Heb. (against LagBN 199));—fragrant bark used as spice: abs. ק׳ Pr 7:17; Ct 4:14; cstr. קִנְּמָן־בֶּשֶׂם Ex 30:23 (P) cinnamon of sweet odour.—Vid. also Houghton-TrSmith DB s.v. PostHastings DB s.v..

† קֶ֫צַח n.m. Is 28:27 black cumin (Nigella sativa Linn.; 𝔊 μελάνθιον, 𝔙 gith, id.; cf. TrNHB> 444; Smith DB 2nd ed. Fitches Post Hastings DB Id.);—plant with small black acrid seeds, used as condiment: abs. ק׳ Is 28:25, 27(×2).

ἄγρα, Ionic dialect ἄγρη, ἡ, hunting, the chase, (never in Refs 8th c.BC+ __2 way of catching, Refs 5th c.BC+ __II quarry, prey, Refs 8th c.BC+; game, Refs 5th c.BC+; of fish, draught, take, NT+4th c.BC+ __III Ἄγρα, ἡ, title of Artemis at Athens, Refs 5th c.BC+; τὰ ἐν Ἄγρας (i.e. μυστήρια) Refs 2nd c.AD+ — also Ἄγραι, αἱ, the precinct of Artemis Agra, Refs 2nd c.AD+

ἄλευρον · τάφος __BRefs 5th c.AD+

ἀλήθω [ᾰ], = Attic dialect ἀλέω (A), mostly present (and imperfect, LXX+5th c.BC+; probably in Refs 3rd c.BC+: aorist participle passive ἀλησθένRefs

Included with: ἀψίνθ-ιον, τό, wormwood, Artemisia Absinthium, Refs 5th c.BC+:—also ἄψινθος, ἡ, NT+2nd c.AD+; and ἀψινθία, ἡ, Refs 2nd c.AD+ __II ἀψίνθιον, ={ἀβρότονον}, Ps.-Refs 1st c.AD+ __II.2 = Artemisia monosperma, LXX+2nd c.AD+ __II.3 ἀ. θαλάσσιον, ={σέριφον}, Refs 1st c.AD+

ἡδύ-οσμος, ον, sweet-smelling, fragrant, στρώματα Refs 5th c.BC+ __II ἡδύοσμον, τό,= μίνθη, green mint, Mentha viridis, Refs 4th c.BC+; ἡ. ἄγριον wild mint, M. longifolia, Refs 1st c.AD+

νάρδος, ἡ, spikenard, Nardostachys Jatamansi, NT+4th c.BC+; compare {ναρδόσταχυς} __2 ν. Κελτική Celtic nard, Valeriana celtica, Refs 1st c.AD+ __3 ν. ὀρεινή or ὀρεία mountain nard, Valeriana Dioscoridis, Refs 4th c.BC+ __4 ν. Συριακή Syrian nard, Cymbopogon Iwarancusa, Refs 1st c.AD+ __5 νάρδου ῥίζα ginger grass, Cymbopogon Schoenanthus, Refs 2nd c.AD+ __6 ν. ἀγρία, ={ἄσαρον}, Refs 1st c.AD+ __II oil of spikenard, Refs 3rd c.BC+. (Semitic word, cf. Bab. lardu.)

† בְּדֹ֫לַח n.[m.] prob. bdellium (𝔖 ܒܶܪܽܘܠܚܳܐ; 𝔗 בְּדוּלְחָא; etym. dub.; LagGes. Abh. 20 prop. Skr. udûkhala) c. art. הַבְּ׳, apparently therefore well known; one of the products of the land Havilah Gn 2:12; used in simile of colour of manna וְעֵינוֹ כְּעֵין הַבְּדֹלַח Nu 11:7.—Meaning somewhat uncertain; 𝔊 Gn 2:12 ἄνθραξ, Nu 11:7 κρύσταλλος; Saad. A W Ki Bo al. pearls, cf. LagOr ii. 44; Jos Ant. iii. 1, 6 Aq Theod Symm 𝔙 most bdellium, an odoriferous transparent gum, of yellowish colour. (Cf. SmithDict. Bible Sigismund Aromata, 18.)

† II. [בָּלַל] vb. denom. to give provender— Qal Impf. וַיָּ֑בָל Ju 19:21 Qr (Kt ויבול) sq. לְ give provender to the asses.

† I. גַּד n.m. coriander (NH גִּיד, Aramaic גִּידָּא; connexion with above √ dub.; v. further LöwNo. 155)—זֶרַע גַּד Ex 16:31 Nu 11:7, sim. of manna.

† מַחְמֶ֫צֶת n.f. anything leavened, only Ex 12:19, 20 (P).

† III. כֹּ֫פֶר n.m. name of a plant, El Ḥenna (√ dub.; NH כּוֹפֶר; Aramaic כּוּפְרָא, ܟܽܘܦܪܳܐ; Arabic El Ḥenna, see LöwNo. 159)—a shrub or low tree, with fragrant whitish flowers growing in clusters like grapes, אֶשְׁכֹּל הַכֹּפֶר cluster of Ḥenna Ct 1:14 (fragrant, fig. of a beloved one); pl. כְּפָרִים Ct 4:13.

† מָזוֹן n.m. food, sustenance (so Talm Biblical Aramaic Syriac)—בָּר וָלֶחֶם וּמָזוֹן Gn 45:23 (Di ‘מ׳ rather an Aramaic word; perhaps later gloss for orig. צֵדָה v 21; 42:25’); הַמָּזוֹן לָרֹב 2 Ch 11:23.

† מָזוֹן (K§ 15 a) n.[m.] food (𝔗 Syriac);—abs. מ׳ Dn 4:9, 18.

† מְשַׁח n.[m.] oil (v. BH);—abs. Ezr 6:9; 7:22.

† נְכֹאת n.f. a spice, (usually understood of tragacanth gum, exuding from astralagus bush, Di Gn 27:25 and reff.; NowArch. i. 64 (and 249); cf. also Löw§ 24; but = Arabic نَكَأَة = نَكَعَة summitas rubicunda sive flores plantae (i.e. a certain plant, Frey), according to HomAufsätze 4);—abs. נ׳ Gn 37:25 (+ צְרִי, לֹט, as merchandise), 43:11 (+ id., also דְּבַשׁ, בָּטְנִים, שְׁקֵדִים, as gift).

† [פֹּת] n.[f.] pl. הַפֹּתוֹת לְדַלְתוֹת הַבַּיִת 1 K 7:50 i.e. prob. the sockets above and below, in which the door-pivots turned (performing office of mod. hinges); sg. sf. פָּתְהֵן Is 3:17 (Ges§ 91 f), prob., si vera l., their secret parts, cardo femina (so Thes and most); but read perhaps חֶרְפַּתְהֵן BachmSK. 1894, 650 Kit (in Di) Marti; > פִּאַתְהֵן StaZAW vi (1886), 336, cf. 𝔙 Di.

† I. צוּף n.m. (honey-)comb (as exuding honey);—only fig.: cstr. צוּף־דְּבַשׁ Pr 16:24; pl. נֹפֶת צוּפִים ψ 19:11 (+ דְּבַשׁ), 𝔊 κηρίον, κηρία, 𝔙 favus.

† קִדָּה n.f. a spice, usually cassia (𝔖 𝔙 𝔗 cf. Di Ex; √ dub.; perhaps foreign word);—merchandise Ez 27:19; ingredient of sacred oil Ex 30:24 (P):—cf. DioscorDe Mater. Med. i. 12 (κασσία=ἡ κιττώ), TheophrHist. Plant. ix. 5 PlinNH xii. 19 (42 ff.); v. also SchrödPh. Spr. 126 LewyFremdw. 36.

† I. תָּפֵל adj. tasteless, unseasoned;—abs. ת׳, as subst. Jb 6:6; fig. of unsatisfying prophecies La 2:14 (+ שָׁוְא).

ἀλόη, ἡ, bitter aloes, Aloe vera, Refs 1st c.AD+ __2 ={ἀγάλλοχον}, LXX (in Heb. form ἀλώθ), NT __3 ἀ. γαλλική, ={γεντιανή}, Ps.-Refs 1st c.AD+ __4 ἀ. ἡπατῖτις, hepatic aloes, Aloe Perryi, Refs

ἄνηθον or ἄννηθον, τό, Aeolic dialect ἄνητον Refs 7th c.BC+:— dill, Anethum graveolens, NT+5th c.BC+

βρώσιμος, ον, eatable, NT+4th c.BC+

γλεῦκος, εος (Doric dialect genitive γλεύκιος Refs, τό, sweet new wine, NT+4th c.BC+ __2 grape-juice, Refs 2nd c.AD+ __II sweetness, Refs 4th c.BC+

διατροφή, ἡ, sustenance and support, Refs 5th c.BC+; τῷ τέρατι [the Minotaur] πρὸς διατροφὴν κατασκευάσαι λαβύρινθον Refs 1st c.BC+: plural, means of subsistence, NT

ἐπισῑτ-ισμός, ὁ, furnishing oneself with provisions, foraging, Refs 5th c.BC+ __2. stock or store of provisions,NT+4th c.BC+; ἔχοντες ἐπισιτις μὸν ἡμερῶν μ Philipp. cited in Refs 4th c.BC+

κιννᾰμωμ-ον, τό, = Hebrew [kudot]innamon, a superior kind of cassia, Cinnamomum Cassia, Refs 5th c.BC+, etc.: κῐνάμωμον, Refs 2nd c.AD+, also in codices of Refs 1st c.BC+, variant in Hdt.[same place]; compare κίνναμον. __II name of a fabulous Indian bird, said to make its nest of twigs of κιννάμωμον (compare κινναμολόγος), Refs 4th c.BC+

κύμῑνον [ῠ], τό, cummin, LXX+5th c.BC+, etc.; κύμινον ἔπρισεν, proverbial of a skinflint, Refs 5th c.BC+; κ. ἥμερον, Cuminum Cyminum, Refs 4th c.BC+, wild cummin, Lagoecia cuminoeides, Refs 1st c.AD+; κ. ἄγριον ἕτερον, Nigella arvensis, Refs; κ. αἰθιοπικόν Refs

ὄζω, Doric dialect ὄσδω Refs 3rd c.BC+: imperfect ὦζε Refs 5th c.BC+: future ὀζήσω Refs 5th c.BC+; Ionic dialect ὀζέσω Refs 5th c.BC+: aorist ὤζησα Refs 5th c.BC+; Ionic dialect ὤζεσα LXX+5th c.BC+: perfect ὤζηκα Refs 9th c.AD+; but perfect with present sense ὄδωδα Refs 3rd c.BC+: pluperfect as imperfect ὠδώδειν Refs 1st c.AD+; Epic dialect ὀδώδειν (see. below):—smell, whether smell sweet or stink, Refs 8th c.BC+ only in 3rd.pers. singular pluperfect with sense of imperfect, ὀδμὴ κέδρου.. ἀνὰ νῆσον ὀδώδει Refs 8th c.BC+: later with genitive of things, frequently with neuter adjective or adverb added, smell of a thing, τόδ᾽ ὄζει θυμάτων Refs 5th c.BC+: metaphorically, smell or savour of a thing, Κρονίων ὄζων smelling of musty antiquity, Refs 5th c.BC+; that from which the smell comes is also in genitive, ὄζων κακὸν τῶν μασχαλῶν Refs 5th c.BC+ __II frequently impersonal, ὄζει ἀπ᾽ αὐτῆς ὡσεὶ ἴων there is a smell from it as of violets, Refs 5th c.BC+; ὄζει ἡδὺ τῆς χρόας there is a sweet smell from the skin, Refs 5th c.BC+; ὄζειν ἐδόκει τοῦ ἄρτου καὶ τῆς μάζης κάκιστον there seemed to be a most foul smell from.., Refs 5th c.BC+; οὐκ ὄζει αὐτῶν (i.e. τῶν λαγῶν) no scent of the hares remains, Refs 5th c.BC+ there will be an odour of cleverness from your clothes, Refs 5th c.BC+ __III middle, κακὸν ὀζόμενος, for ὄζων, Refs 6th c.BC+. (Cf. Latin odor, Lithuanian uodžiu 'I smell'.)

προσφάγιον [ᾰ], τό, (προσφάζω) __B victim sacrificed beforehand, Refs 5th c.BC+

σίκερα, τό, fermented liquor, strong drink, LXX+NT+2nd c.AD+. (Cf. Hebrew šēkār.)

σῑτ-ευτός, ή, όν, fed up, fatted, παῖδες Refs 5th c.BC+; of beasts, NT+4th c.BC+

σῑτομετρ-ία, ἡ, measured allowance of corn, rations, Refs 3rd c.BC+, Mélanges Glotz Refs 2nd c.BC+: so σῑτομέτρ-ιον, τό, NT; ἔπαρχος -μετρίου δήμου Ῥωμαίων, = Latin praefectus annonae, Refs; σῑτομέτρ-μετρον, τό, Refs 1st c.AD+

χόρτ-ασμα, ατος, τό, mostly in plural, fodder, forage, for cattle, LXX+3rd c.BC+ __2 food for men, NT

ᾠόν, τό, old poetry forms ὤεον, ὤιον, see entry near the end:— egg, τίκτει ᾠὰ ἐν γῇ καὶ ἐκλέπει [ὁ κροκόδειλος] Refs 5th c.BC+; of all birds, Refs 4th c.BC+; but mostly of hens' eggs, Refs 5th c.BC+; [ᾠοῦ] τὸ λευκόν, τὸ ὠχρόν, Refs 4th c.BC+; τὸ πυρρόν, τὸ χρυσοῦν, Refs 5th c.BC+; ᾠὰ ἡμιπαγέα half-boiled eggs, Refs 5th c.BC+; ἑφθά, ὠμά, Refs 4th c.BC+; ᾠὰ γόνιμα fertile eggs, opposed to ὑπηνέμια, ἄγονα, Refs 4th c.BC+; ᾠὸν τέλειον, opposed to ἀτελές, Refs; ᾠὸν ἀνεμιαῖον, ζεφύριον, wind-egg, Refs 5th c.BC+; σμύρνης ᾠ. lump, Refs 6th c.BC+ he has become bald as an egg, Refs __2 of the eggs or spawn of fish, Refs 5th c.BC+; of serpents, Refs; of tortoises, Refs __3 of plants, seed, Refs __4 cupping-glass, τὰ ἰατρικὰ ᾠὰ ὑέλινα ὄντακαὶ σύστομα Refs 2nd c.BC+Prooem.: egg-shaped cup, Refs 4th c.BC+. The word has the following forms: Attic dialect ᾠόν (- ?~X), confirmed by Inscrr. ὠιῶν Refs 3rd c.BC+, Papyri (ὠιὰ χήνεα Refs 3rd c.BC+, and later Mss.; Aeolic dialect ὤιον, genitive ὠίω (¯ ?~X ?~X ¯), Refs 7th c.BC+; ὤεον lbyc.16, Refs 7th c.BC+; ὤβεον is Argive accusative to Refs 5th c.AD+; ᾠόν oxytone accusative to Refs 9th c.AD+ which Latin ovum would lead us to expect, is found only in late texts LXX+NT and is due to loss of the ι in Refs 2nd c.BC+; cognate with Latin ovum, OHGei, ONorse egg (prim. Germanic aiia -), whence Engl. examples

† אֲבַטִּחִים n.[m.]pl. water-melons (Mish. אבטיח, Sam. ࠁࠈࠉࠇ; cf. LöwNo. 297; Arabic بِطِّيخٌ etc.; perhaps loan-word in Heb. cf. Sta§ 258; mod. Egyptian baṭṭich, biṭṭich cf. reff. in Di Nu 11:5; on formation cf. LagBN 10, who comp. Ethiopic aqṭala)—Egyptian fruit, הָא׳ Nu 11:5 (‖ הִקִּשֻּׁאִים, הֶֽחָצִיר, הַבְּצָלִים, הַשּׁוּמִים); 𝔊 τοὺς πέπονας.

† אֱגוֹז n.[m.] nuts (coll. (NH id., אַמְגּוֹזָא, Ar. جَوْزٌ, Eth. ገውዝ Aramaic ܓܰܘܙ, אֱגוּזָא; cf. Pers. گوز, whence prob. אֱגוֹז as loan-word) Ct 6:11.

† אֲכִילָה n.f. an eating, a meal 1 K 19:8 (on form v. BaNB 136).

† בָּטְנִים n.[m.]pl. pistachio, an oval nut (cf. Assyrian buṭnu COTGloss & Schr mbak 1881, 419, Aramaic בּוּטְנָא, ܒܶܛܡܬܳܐ, Arabic بُطْمٌ; on Punic βουτνούμ Blau ZMG 1873, 527) = pistacia terebinthus RobBR i. 208, ii. 222, PostPEF Oct. 1888, 218, No. 214 f.; Tr. Vict. Inst. xxii. 271 etc. (pist. vera Löw No. 44); Gn 43:11 one of the articles carried from Canaan to Egypt by sons of Jacob as present to Joseph; still a delicacy in Egypt and Syria, cf. Wetzst in Löw p. 420.

† [בָּצָל] n.m. onion (NH בָּצֵל or בֶּ֫צֶל, Arabic بَصَلٌ, Ethiopic በጸል Aramaic בּוּצְלָא, ܒܶܨܠܴܐ )—בְּצָלִים Nu 11:5 (אֵת הַקִּשֻּׁאִים וְאֵת הָאֲבַטִּחִים וְאֶת־הֶחָצִיר וְאֶת־הַבּ׳ וְאֵת־הַשּׁוּמִים).

† [בָּרוּת] n.f. food; בְּבָרוּתִי ψ 69:22 in (or as) my food.

† בֹּ֫שֶׂם n.m. 1 K 10:10 spice, balsam, balsamtree (Arabic بَشَامٌ, Aramaic בּוּסְמָא, ܒܶܣܡܳܐ, Gk. βάλσαμον; cf. Löw53)—ב׳ Is 3:24 +, בֶּ֫שֶׂם Ex 30:23 v. infr., בְּשָׂמִי Ct 5:1 (as if from בָּשָׂם); pl. בְּשָׂמִים Ex 25:6 + 18 times, בְּשָׂמָיו Ct 4:16;— 1. spice, perfume, sweet odour Is 3:24; קִנְּמָן־בֶּשֶׂם Ex 30:23 (ב׳ perhaps so pointed to distinguish it from) קְנֵה־בֹשֶׂם v 23;—with this cf. Aramaic ܩܢܝܐ ܕܒܣܡܐ, קני בוסמא;—spices as costly, token of wealth 2 K 20:13 = Is 39:2 cf. 2 Ch 32:27; royal gifts 1 K 10:2, 10, 25 = 2 Ch 9:1, 19, 24; cf. sg. 1 K 10:10 = 2 Ch 9:9; as article of commerce Ez 27:22; burnt at burial 2 Ch 16:14; appointed for ingredient of the anointing oil Ex 25:6; 35:8 cf. v 28 (all P), cf. 1 Ch 9:30 (Palm. v. supr.); stored in temple 1 Ch 9:29; used for purifying the women of Ahasuerus Est 2:12; 2. elsewhere only Ct 4:10, 14 spices, v 16 balsam-juice, gathered Ct 5:1; balsam-tree הָרֵי ב׳ Ct 8:14; beds of balsam עֲרֻגוֹת בּ׳ Ct 6:2; cf. עֲרוּגֵת בּ׳ Ct 5:13 sim. of lover’s cheeks.

† גְּבִינָה n.f. curd, or cheese (NH id., Arabic جُبْنٌ, Ethiopic ግብነት Aramaic גּוּבְנָא, ܓܽܘܒܢܳܐ cf. ܓܒܶܬܐܴ )—וְכַגְּבִינָה תַּקְפִּיאֵנִי Jb 10:10 (K גְּבִנָּה).

† חֲבִתִּים n.[m.]pl. (NH id.)—some kind of flat cakes, or bread-wafers, only מַעֲשֵׂה הַח׳ 1 Ch 9:31.

† חֶלְבְּנָה n.f. (Aramaic ܚܶܠܒܳܢܻܝܬܳܐ, חֶלְבְּנִיתָא 𝔊 χαλβάνη, 𝔙 galbanum)—a kind of gum Ex 30:34, ingredient of the holy incense, v. Di Löw115.

† חֶ֫מֶר n.[m.] wine (poet.) (Aramaic ܚܰܡܪܳܐ, חַמְרָא; Arabic خَمْرٌ, v. LagBN 207)—וְדַם־עֵנָב תִּשְׁתֶּה־חָ֑מֶר Dt 32:14; כֶּרֶם חֶמֶר Is 27:2, but read here כֶּרֶם חֶמֶד (v. הֶמֶד).

† כַּרְכֹּם n.[m.] saffron (crocus sativus) (NH id.; and vb. denom. כִּרְכֵּם; Hithp. grow yellow, pale; Aramaic כּוּרְכְּמָא, ܟܽܘܪܟܡܳܐ; Arabic كُرْكُمٌ = κρόκος, crocus; Lag Ges Abh. 58, No. 147; so also JHMordt Sab.Denkm 83 f.; otherwise DHM ib., who comp. Sab. כמכם, Arabic كَمْكَامٌ = Gk. κάγκαμον);—Ct 4:14; on meaning v. especially LöwNo. 162.

[מֶ֫זֶג] n.m. mixture, i.e. mixed wine (NH id., Aramaic, and thence מִזְגָא, מְזִיגָא, ܡܘܽܙܳܓܳܐ; Arabic مِزَاجٌ water mixed with wine, mixture (Frä l.c.), cf. مَزْجٌ, مِزْجٌ );—אַל־יֶחְסַר הַמָּ֑זֶג Ct 7:3 (Tosafoth here spiced wine: cf. Levy NHWB iii. 61).

† מַכֹּ֫לֶת n.f. food-stuff, consisting in חִטִּים, 1 K 5:25 (on form v. Bö§ 415 Sta§ 112 a. 2) so read also ‖ 2 Ch 2:9 (MT מַכּוֹת).

† [מַנְעַמִּים] n.[m.]pl. delicacies, dainties;—only sf. וּבַל־אֶלְחַם בְּמַנְעַמֵּיהֶם ψ 141:4.

† [מֶרְקָח] n.[m.] spice, perfume (of cheeks); pl. מֶרְקָחִים Ct 5:13 (v. also מִגְדָּל 3).

† [מַשְׁמָן] n.[m.] fat piece, tid bit;—pl. מַשְׁמַנִּים (Gesl.c.) Ne 8:10 (for eating; ‖ מַמְתַקִּים for drinking).

† II. נָטָף n.[m.] an odorif. gum (gathered in drops), used in sacred incense Ex 30:34 (P). Identif. dub.; 𝔊 στακτή, 𝔙 stacte, i.e. (Hesych.) a kind of myrrh, so Kn, cf. RiHWB; Rosenm Thes Ke al. storax; Rabb. opobalsamum (cf. Di ad loc. NowArch. ii. 64, 248).

† [עוּג] vb.denom. bake (a cake; lit. make a cake of);— Qal Impf. 2 ms. sf. 3 fs. תְּעֻגֶנָֿה (so Baer Ginsb, > van d. H. תְּעֻגֶּנָּה) thou shalt bake it (on form v. Köi. 496 f. Ges§ 58 k) Ez 4:12.

† פַּנַּג n.[m.] unknown word, appar. some kind of food; חִטֵּי מִנִּית וּפ׳ וּדְבַשׁ וגו׳ Ez 27:17; Vrss conject.; Co proposes וְדוֹנַג, so Hoffm Ph. Inschr. 15 Krae Berthol (‘perhaps’).

† [צָהַר] vb.denom. from foreg., Hiph. press out oil;—Impf. 3 mpl. יַצְהִ֑ירוּ Jb 24:11.

† [צִיד] vb.denom. Hithp. supply oneself with provisions, take as one’s provision;—Pf. 1 pl. הִצְטַיַּדְנוּ Jos 9:12 this bread we took as our provision; Impf. 3 mpl. וַיִּצְטַיָּ֑דוּ v 4 (so read for MT וַיִּצְטַיָּ֑רוּ, Codd Vrss Thes al.), abs.

† [צִיד] vb.denom. Hithp. supply oneself with provisions, take as one’s provision;—Pf. 1 pl. הִצְטַיַּדְנוּ Jos 9:12 this bread we took as our provision; Impf. 3 mpl. וַיִּצְטַיָּ֑דוּ v 4 (so read for MT וַיִּצְטַיָּ֑רוּ, Codd Vrss Thes al.), abs.

† צַפִּיחִת n.f. flat cake, wafer;—Ex 16:31.

† I. [קְצִיעָה] n.f. cassia, a powdered bark, like cinnamon (hence Gk. κασία, Lat. casia, LewyFremdw. 37);—pl. קְצִיעוֹת (מֹר וַאֲהָלוֹת) ψ 45:9 (Che now תּוּצַק are shed, v. in Ency. Bib. Cassia, n.).

† [קִשֻּׁאָה, Löw p. 330] n.f. cucumber;—pl. קִשֻּׁאִים Nu 11:5.

† רֶ֫קַח n.[m.] spice;—יַיִן הָר׳ Ct 8:2 wine, (that is) spice (i.e. spiced wine).

† [שׁוּם] n.[m.] garlic;—pl. שׁוּמִים Nu 11:5 (J) (allium sativum, Linn, Thes Löw No. 336 Post Hast. DB ii. 110 TristrNHB 448 (or allium Ascalonicum, cf. Buhl, after TristrFFP 430; v. this and PostFlora 789 for many kinds of allium); Arabic ثُومٌ, Aramaic תּוּמָא, ܬܘܽܡܳܐ,, Assyrian šûmu).

† שְׁחֵ֫לֶת n.f. an ingredient of the holy incense, + נָטָף, חֶלְבְּנָה, Ex 30:34; 𝔊 𝔙 ὄνυξ, onyx (whence AV onycha), i.e. unguis odoratus, the operculum, or closing-flap, of certain molluscs, with pungent odour when burnt, v. Thes 1388 f. Di Shipley-Cook Ency. Bib. Onycha; so most; KG Jacob ZMG xliii (1889), 354 proposes amber.