H7602b H7602b
To trample, crush, pursue aggressively; to swallow up, devour
This second root שָׁאַף (II) is distinct from the more common שׁאף meaning 'to pant' or 'gasp.' BDB connects it to שׁוּף ('to crush, bruise'), and its occurrences cluster in psalms of lament and prophetic judgment. In the Psalms, it describes hostile enemies who 'trample' the psalmist (Ps 56:1-2, 57:3), while Amos deploys it as a devastating indictment: Israel's powerful 'trample upon the poor' (Amos 2:7, 8:4). The single Ezekiel occurrence (36:3) shifts to a consumptive image — the land 'swallowed up' by surrounding nations. Spanish captures the violence precisely: 'los que pisotean' (those who trample) and 'y tragaron' (and they swallowed).
Senses
1. to trample, crush, pursue aggressively — To trample upon, crush, or pursue with hostile aggressive intent, usually with a personal object. The psalmist cries that enemies 'trample me' all day long (Ps 56:1-2) and that his adversary sends forth 'the one trampling me' (Ps 57:3). Amos twice condemns the wealthy who 'trample' the poor and needy (2:7, 8:4). Spanish 'los que pisotean' (those who trample) and 'aplastaron' (they crushed) capture the physical violence, while Hindi 'kuchalte' (trample) confirms the core stomping/crushing semantics across language families. 5×
AR["اللاهِثينَ", "اللاهِثَ-وَرائي", "الْمُتَلَهِّفِينَ-عَلَى", "لَهَثَ-وَرائي"]·ben["গ্রাস-করছে", "গ্রাস-করছে-আমাকে", "গ্রাসকারী", "যারা-গ্রাস-করে", "যারা-লালাযিত-করে"]·DE["[השאפים]", "der-einer-trampling-mich", "trample-mich", "tramples-mich"]·EN["the-one-trampling-me", "the-ones-trampling", "trample-me", "tramples-me"]·FR["ceux-qui-aspirent", "haleter"]·heb["ה-שׁוֹאפים", "ה-שוֹאפים", "שאפו", "שאפני", "שואפי-"]·HI["जो-निगलते-हो", "जो-लालायित-हैं", "निगलना-चाहता-है-मुझे", "निगलना-चाहते-हैं", "निगलनेवाले-मुझे-को"]·ID["yang-menginjak-injak"]·IT["assali'", "che-anelano"]·jav["ingkang-nyampurnakaken", "kang-kepengin", "kang-nguntal", "mugi-welas"]·KO["삼켜도다", "삼키는-자-를", "삼키는-자들아", "헐떠이는-자들이"]·PT["Me-perseguem", "Os-que-anseiam", "homem-me-persegue", "o-que-me-persegue", "os-que-anseiam"]·RU["Жаждущие", "поглотить-хотят", "поглотить-хотящего-меня", "поглотить-хочет-меня", "поглощающие"]·ES["Los-que-pisotean", "al-que-me-aplasta", "aplastaron", "los-que-pisoteáis", "me-aplastó"]·SW["Wamenivizia", "Wanaotamani", "anayenikanyaga", "mnaowanyonya", "wamenikanyaga"]·TR["Soluklayanlar", "peşimde-olanlar", "soluk-soluya-peşimde", "yutanlar"]·urd["-جو-ہانپتے-ہیں", "-ہانپنے-والے", "نِگل-لیا-مُجھے", "نِگلتے", "نِگلنے-والا-مُجھے"]
2. to swallow up, devour — To swallow up or devour, the consumptive act of being engulfed, used with the Qal infinitive absolute for rhetorical emphasis. In Ezekiel 36:3, the nations surrounding Israel 'swallowed up' (שָׁאֹף) the land from every side. Spanish 'y tragaron' (and they swallowed) and the English gloss 'and-swallowing' both point to an ingesting metaphor distinct from the trampling violence of sense 1. This consumption image fits the broader Ezekiel 36 context of land devoured and dispossessed by hostile neighbors. 1×
AR["وَٱفْتُرِسْتُمْ"]·ben["আর-গ্রাস-করা"]·DE["[ושאף]"]·EN["and-swallowing"]·FR["[ושאף]"]·heb["ו-שאף"]·HI["और-निगला-गया"]·ID["dan-menelan"]·IT["e-anelare"]·jav["lan-nguntal"]·KO["그리고-삼키며"]·PT["e-esmigalharam"]·RU["и-поглощали"]·ES["y-tragaron"]·SW["na-kumezwa"]·TR["ve-yuttular"]·urd["اور-چاہنا"]
Related Senses
G0846 1. third-person pronoun reference (5552×)H???? 1. (4670×)H6213a 1. do, perform, act (2383×)H7200 1. Qal: to see, perceive (1257×)G4771 2. you (singular address) (1077×)H8085 1. Qal: hear, perceive aurally (921×)H0859a 1. you (2nd person masculine singular pronoun) (743×)H0398 1. eat (consume food) (697×)H4191 1. die (Qal: natural/general death) (645×)G4160 1. do, act, perform (473×)G3708 1. see, perceive visually (419×)H5221 1. Hifil: to strike in battle, smite enemies (362×)G0191 1. hear, perceive sound (360×)H???? 3. (352×)G3708 2. behold, look (exclamatory) (256×)H7272 1. foot (body part) (236×)H0899b 1. garment, article of clothing (216×)H8354 1. drink, consume liquid (209×)H3205 1. Qal active: bear/give birth (female subject) (204×)H3205 2. Qal active: beget/father (male subject) (198×)
BDB / Lexicon Reference
† II. [שָׁאַף] vb. crush, trample upon (‖ form of שׁוּף (q.v.), if pointing right, cf. Köi. 439; We Now read שָׁאפִים, etc., from שׁוּף, cf. Ges§72 p; perhaps orig. pulverize by rubbing, but also appar. by pounding, stamping, treading, LevyChWB שׁוּף, JastrDict. שׁוּף, שׁאף;—most make = I. שׁאף, but Vrss render as above);— Qal Pf. 3 ms. sf. שְׁאָפַ֫נִי ψ 56:2, 3 pl. שָֽׁאֲפוּ v 3; Inf. abs.…