H7194 H7194
To bind, tie; to conspire, form a plot; participial: conspirator; passive: bound, attached; of livestock: strong, robust
A verb of binding that extends from rope to rebellion, qashar spans an unexpectedly wide semantic field. At its physical core, it means to tie or fasten — Rahab binding the scarlet cord in her window (Josh 2:18, 21), the Shema's command to bind God's words on your hand (Deut 6:8; 11:18). But its dominant biblical usage is political: to conspire against a king, accounting for nearly half of all occurrences. The Books of Kings are punctuated by the grim formula wayyiqshor 'al — 'and he conspired against' — marking one coup after another in Israel's turbulent monarchy (1 Kgs 15:27; 16:9, 16; 2 Kgs 15:10, 25, 30). The metaphorical bridge is transparent: conspirators are those who 'bind themselves together' in secret pacts. A surprising peripheral sense appears in Genesis 30:41-42, where Pual participles describe livestock as 'strong' or 'robust' — perhaps 'tightly knit' in constitution — a usage found nowhere else in the Hebrew Bible.
Senses
1. conspire, plot against — The political-conspiratorial sense — to conspire, plot, or form a rebellion against a ruler — dominating with 21 occurrences concentrated in the Deuteronomistic History. The formula wayyiqshor X 'al Y ('and X conspired against Y') recurs as a narrative refrain through the northern kingdom's serial coups (1 Kgs 15:27; 16:9, 16, 20; 2 Kgs 9:14; 10:9; 12:20; 15:10, 25, 30; 21:23-24). Spanish conspirar and French conspirer reflect the Latin conspirare ('to breathe together'), which captures the same metaphor of secret agreement. Amos 7:10 extends this to prophetic speech when Amaziah accuses Amos of conspiring against Jeroboam. 21×
AR["تَآمَرَ", "تَآمَرْتُمْ", "فَتَآمَرَ", "فَتَآمَرُوا", "فَتَنَهَا", "فَتَنْتُ", "فَـ-تَآمَرُوا", "فَفَتَنَ", "فَفَتَنَ-", "فَفَتَنُوا", "وَ-تَآمَرَ", "وَتَآمَرَ"]·ben["আর-তারা-ছক-করল", "আর-ষড়যন্ত্র-করলেন", "এবং-ষড়যন্ত্র-করল", "এবং-ষড়যন্ত্র-করলেন", "এবং-ষড়যন্ত্র-করলেন-", "ও-ষড়যন্ত্র-করল", "করেছিলেন", "তোমরা-ষড়যন্ত্র-করেছ", "ষডযন্ত্র-করেছে", "ষড়যন্ত্র-করলেন", "ষড়যন্ত্র-করেছিলাম", "ষড়যন্ত্র-করেছে", "সে-ষড়যন্ত্র-করেছিল"]·DE["[התקשרו]", "[ויקשרו]", "[קשר]", "conspired", "du-habe-conspired", "er-conspired", "habe-du-conspired", "hat-conspired", "und-conspired", "und-er-conspired", "und-er-conspired-", "und-sie-conspired"]·EN["and-conspired", "and-he-conspired", "and-he-conspired-", "and-they-conspired", "conspired", "has-conspired", "have-you-conspired", "he-conspired", "you-have-conspired"]·FR["a-conspira", "ai-tu-conspira", "conspira", "conspirer", "et-conspira", "et-il-conspira", "et-il-conspira-", "et-ils-conspira", "et-ils-conspirèrent", "il-conspira", "tu-ai-conspira"]·heb["התקשרו", "ו-יקשרו", "ו-יתקשר", "ו-קשר", "ו-קשר-", "ו-קשרו", "קשר", "קשרתי", "קשרתם"]·HI["और-उन्होंने-षड्यंत्र-रचा", "और-बनाया-षड्यंत्र", "और-षड़्यंत्र-किया", "और-षड़्यंत्र-किया-", "और-षड्यंत्र-किया", "और-षड्यंत्र-बाँधा", "कशर्ती", "बअनधेए-तुमने-सअजिश", "वय्यित्कश्शेर", "षड़्यंत्र-किया", "षड्यंत्र-किया"]·ID["Dan-bersekongkol", "Dan-bersekongkol-", "Dan-bersekongkollah", "Dan-mereka-bersekongkol", "Lalu-bersekongkol", "bersekongkol", "dan-bersekongkol", "dan-dia-bersekongkol", "dan-mereka-bersekongkol", "dia-bersekongkol", "ia-persekongkolkan", "kamu-bersekongkol"]·IT["[קשר]", "avere-tu-cospirò", "cospirare", "cospirò", "e-cospirarono", "e-cospirò", "e-egli-cospirò", "e-egli-cospirò-", "e-essi-cospirò", "egli-cospirò", "ha-cospirò", "tu-avere-cospirò"]·jav["Lan-damel-komplotan", "Lan-ndamel-komplotan", "Lan-sami-komplot", "Lan-sedaya-ngrembag", "dipunlampahi", "kula-damel-komplotan", "lan-mbalela", "lan-ndamel-komplotan", "lan-ndamel-piawon", "lan-ndamel-piawon-", "lan-sami-komplot", "mbalela", "ndamel-piawon", "ngraman", "panjenengan-sami-mufakat", "sami-komplot"]·KO["공모했느냐", "공모했다", "그가-공모한", "그래서-공모했다", "그래서-그들이-공모했다", "그리고-공모하였다", "그리고-공모했다", "그리고-모의하였다", "그리고-반역했다", "그리고-음모를-꾸몄다", "그리고-음모했다", "모의하였다", "반역했다", "음모하였도다", "음모했다"]·PT["E-conspiraram", "E-conspirou", "conspiraram", "conspirastes", "conspirei", "conspirou", "e-conspiraram", "¶ E-conspirou"]·RU["И-составил-", "И-составил-заговор", "И-составили", "и-сговорились", "и-составил-заговор", "и-составили", "и-составили-заговор", "сговорились", "сговорились-вы", "составил", "составил-заговор"]·ES["Ha-conspirado", "Y-conspiraron", "Y-conspiró", "conspiraron", "conspiré", "conspiró", "os-habéis-conjurado", "y-conspiraron"]·SW["Amefanya-hila", "Na-wakafanya-hila", "alipanga", "amepanga-njama", "mmefanya-njama", "na-akafanya-hila", "na-akampangia-njama", "na-akapanga-hila", "na-akapanga-hila-", "na-wakafanya-hila", "na-wakapanga-hila", "na-wakashirikiana", "nilifanya-hila", "wakafanya-hila", "wayiּkshrwּ"]·TR["Ve-komplo-kurdular", "komplo-kurdu", "komplo-kurdular", "komplo-kurdum", "komplo-kurdunuz", "kurdu", "ve-düzendiler", "ve-komplo-kurdu", "ve-komplo-kurdular", "ve-kurdu-"]·urd["اور-انہوں-نے-سازش-کی", "اور-سازش-کی", "اور-سازش-کی-", "اُس-نے-سازش-کی", "سازش-کی"]
1 Sam 22:8, 1 Sam 22:13, 1 Kgs 15:27, 1 Kgs 16:9, 1 Kgs 16:16, 1 Kgs 16:20, 2 Kgs 9:14, 2 Kgs 10:9, 2 Kgs 12:20, 2 Kgs 14:19, 2 Kgs 15:10, 2 Kgs 15:15 (+9 more)
2. bind, tie physically — The concrete physical sense — to bind, tie, or fasten something with a cord — appearing in 13 occurrences across patriarchal, legal, and wisdom literature. Judah's daughter-in-law ties a scarlet thread on the firstborn's hand (Gen 38:28); Israel is commanded to bind the words of the Torah 'as a sign on your hand' (Deut 6:8; 11:18); Proverbs urges binding lovingkindness and faithfulness around the neck (Prov 3:3; 6:21; 7:3). Spanish atar and German binden confirm the purely physical tying action. Jeremiah 51:63 dramatically ties a stone to a scroll before hurling it into the Euphrates. 13×
AR["ارْبُطْهَا", "ارْبُطْهُمَا", "تَربِطينَ", "تَرْبِطُ", "هَلْ-تَرْبِطُ", "هَلْ-تَرْبِطُ-", "وَ-تَتَزَيَّنِينَ", "وَ-رَبَطَت", "وَ-رَبَطَتْ", "وَتَرْبِطُهَا", "وَتَرْبِطُهُ", "وَتَرْبِطُونَهَا"]·ben["আর-তুমি-তাকে-বাঁধবে", "আর-বাঁধল", "এবং-তুমি-বাঁধবে", "এবং-তুমি-বাঁধবে-সেগুলি", "এবং-তোমরা-বাঁধবে", "এবং-বাঁধলেন", "তুমি-কি-বাঁধতে-পারো", "তুমি-কি-বাঁধবে-", "বাঁধ", "বাঁধবে", "বাঁধো", "বাঁধো-তাদের"]·DE["[התקשר]", "[ותקשרים]", "[ותקשרנו]", "[קשרם]", "[תקשר]", "du-soll-tie", "und-band", "und-du-soll-binden", "und-du-soll-binden-ihnen", "und-sie-tied"]·EN["and-she-tied", "and-tied", "and-will-you-bind-him", "and-you-shall-bind", "and-you-shall-bind-them", "and-you-will-bind-them", "bind-them", "can-you-bind", "can-you-bind-", "you-shall-tie", "you-will-bind"]·FR["[ותקשרים]", "[תקשר]", "et-elle-tied", "et-lier", "et-tied", "et-tu-devra-lier", "et-tu-devra-lier-eux", "lier", "lier-eux", "tu-devra-tie"]·heb["ה-תקשור", "ו-קשרה", "ו-קשרתם", "ו-תקשורנו", "ו-תקשר", "ו-תקשרים", "קשרם", "תקשור", "תקשרי"]·HI["और-क्या-तू-बाँधेगा-उसे", "और-तू-उन्हें-बांधेगी", "और-बाँधा", "और-बाँधेगा-उन्हें", "और-बाँधो", "और-बांधा", "क्या-तू-बाँध-सकता-है", "क्या-तू-बाँधेगा", "तू-बाँधेगा", "बाँध", "बाँध-उन्हें", "बांधना"]·ID["Dan-ikatlah-mereka", "Dapatkah-engkau-mengikat", "Dapatkah-engkau-mengikat-", "Ikatlah", "dan-engkau mengikatnya", "dan-ia-mengikat", "dan-ikatlah", "dan-mengikat", "dan-mengikatkan-mereka", "ikatkanlah", "ikatlah"]·IT["[ותקשרים]", "[תקשר]", "bind-loro-loro", "can-voi-bind", "e-e-will-you-bind-him", "e-ella-tied", "e-tied", "e-tu-dovra-legare", "e-tu-dovra-legare-loro", "tu-dovere-tie"]·jav["Lan-panjenengan-naleni-piyambakipun", "Punapa-panjenengan-saged-naleni", "lan-Panjenengan-taleni-piyambakipun", "lan-nalèni", "lan-panjenengan-badhé-naleni", "lan-panjenengan-naleni-piyambakipun", "lan-piyambakipun-nalekaken", "naleni", "nalenia", "talekna", "talènana"]·KO["그리고-네가-묶겠느냐-그것을", "그리고-매라", "그리고-매라-너희는", "그리고-매리라", "그리고-매었다", "그리고-묶었다", "매라", "매리라", "묶겠느냐", "묶으라"]·PT["Amarrarás-", "Ata-os", "E-o-amarrarás", "Podes-amarrar", "ata-as", "atarás", "e-amarrou", "e-amarrá-las-eis", "e-atarás-os", "e-atou", "¶ E-atá-las-ás"]·RU["И-привяжи-их", "Обвяжи-их", "и-завязала", "и-опояшешься-ими", "и-привяжешь-его", "и-привяжите", "и-привязала", "обвяжи-их", "привяжешь-ли-", "привяжи", "свяжешь-ли"]·ES["atarás", "y-ató", "y-las-atarás", "y-las-ataréis", "y-lo-atarás", "y-te-ceñirás", "¿Ataras-", "¿Puedes-atar", "Átalos", "átalas", "átalos"]·SW["Yafunge", "funga", "je-unaweza-kufunga", "je-utamfunga", "na-akafunga", "na-akaufunga", "na-kujifunga", "na-utamfunga", "na-yafungeni", "utaufunga", "uvifunge", "zifunge"]·TR["bağla-onları", "bağlayacaksın", "mı-Bağlayabilirsin", "mı-Bağlayabilirsin-", "ve-bağladı", "ve-bağlarsın-mı-onu", "ve-bağlayacaksın-onları", "ve-bağlayacaksınız", "ve-kusatacaksin-onlari"]·urd["اور-باندھ", "اور-باندھا", "اور-باندھو", "اور-باندھی", "اور-تو-باندھے-گی-اُنہیں", "اور-کیا-تو-اُسے-باندھے-گا", "باندھ", "باندھ-انہیں", "کیا تو باندھے گا", "کیا-تو-باندھ-سکتا-ہے"]
3. conspirator — The substantivized active participle — conspirators, those who conspire — functioning as a noun across 4 occurrences. When Absalom's rebellion gains momentum, David is told 'Ahithophel is among the conspirators (haqqosherim) with Absalom' (2 Sam 15:31). After Amon's assassination, 'the people of the land struck down all the conspirators' (2 Kgs 21:24; 2 Chr 33:25). Spanish conspiradores and the participial pattern reveal how the verbal action crystallized into a social category — a named group within the political landscape. 4×
AR["الْمُتَآمِرُونَ", "الْمُتَآمِرِينَ", "في الفِتنَةِ"]·ben["-যারা-ষড়যন্ত্র-করেছিল", "-ষড়যন্ত্রকারীদের-মধ্যে", "ষড়যন্ত্রকারীদের"]·DE["[המתקשרים]", "[הקשרים]", "der-conspirators", "ist-unter-der-conspirators"]·EN["is-among-the-conspirators", "the-conspirators"]·FR["conspirer", "est-parmi-le-conspirators", "le-conspirators"]·heb["ב-קושרים", "ה-מתקשרים", "ה-קושרים", "ה-קשרים"]·HI["षड़यंत्रकारी-में", "षड्यंत्र-करनेवाले", "षड्यंत्रकारियों", "ह-षड्यंत्रकारियों-को"]·ID["di-antara-pemberontak", "yang-bersekongkol"]·IT["cospirare", "il-conspirators", "è-fra-il-conspirators"]·jav["ing-antawisipun-komplotan", "nglawan-", "para-ingkang-damel-komplotan", "para-ingkang-komplot"]·KO["그-공모하는-자들을", "그-모의하는-자들", "그-반역한-자들을", "반역자들-중에"]·PT["entre-os-conspiradores", "os-conspiradores"]·RU["заговорщиков", "сговорившиеся", "среди-заговорщиков"]·ES["entre-los-conspiradores", "los-conspiradores", "los-que-conspiraron"]·SW["hakoּshriym", "miongoni-mwa-wafanya-fitina", "waliofanya-hila", "waliopanga-hila"]·TR["komplocular", "komploculara", "komplocularda", "komplocuları-"]·urd["سازش-کرنے-والے", "سازشیوں", "سازشیوں-میں"]
4. bound, tied (stative) — The passive-stative sense — being bound, tied, or deeply attached — expressed through Qal passive participles and Nifal forms across 3 occurrences. Jacob's soul 'was bound up (qeshurah) in the lad's soul' (Gen 44:30) — a poignant image of parental love as an unbreakable knot. Jonathan's soul 'was bound (niqsherah) to the soul of David' (1 Sam 18:1). Proverbs 22:15 warns that 'foolishness is bound in the heart of a child.' Spanish ligada/atada and German gebunden capture the stative condition of deep attachment or entanglement. 3×
AR["ارْتَبَطَتْ", "مَرْبُوطَةٌ"]·ben["বাঁধা", "বাঁধা-হল"]·DE["[קשורה]", "gebunden", "war-bound"]·EN["bound", "was-bound"]·FR["fut-lié", "lia", "lier"]·heb["נקשרה", "קשורה"]·HI["बँधा-हुआ-है", "बंधी-हुई", "बनधि-गयेए"]·ID["terikat"]·IT["bound", "era-legò", "legò"]·jav["kabanda", "kaiket", "kareket"]·KO["매인", "묶였다", "묶인"]·PT["está-ligada", "ligada", "ligou-se"]·RU["привязалась", "привязана"]·ES["atada", "ligada", "se-ligó"]·SW["ikafungamana", "kumshikana", "umefungwa"]·TR["bağlandı", "bağlı", "bağlıdır"]·urd["بندھ-گئی", "بندھی-ہوئی-ہے"]
5. strong, robust — The Pual participial sense describing livestock as strong or robust — a unique agricultural usage limited to 2 occurrences in Genesis 30:41-42. Jacob placed the rods before the 'stronger' (meqUshsharoth) flocks during mating, separating them from the feebler ones. Spanish robustas and German kraftigen confirm the meaning 'strong, vigorous.' This may reflect an underlying sense of 'tightly bound, compact' — muscular firmness as metaphorical binding — though some scholars propose a distinct homonymous root. 2×
AR["وَالْقَوِيَّةُ", "وَوَضَعَ"]·ben["-শক্তিশালী", "আর-শক্তিশালী"]·DE["der-kräftigen", "und-die-kräftigen"]·EN["and-the-strong", "the-stronger"]·FR["et-le-fort", "le-stronger"]·heb["ה-מקשרות", "ו-ה-קשרים"]·HI["और-बलवान", "बलवान"]·ID["dan-yang kuat", "yang kuat"]·IT["e-il-forte", "il-stronger"]·jav["ingkang-kiyat", "lan-ingkang-kiyat"]·KO["그-튼튼한", "그리고-그-튼튼한-것들이"]·PT["as-fortes", "e-as-fortes"]·RU["и-крепкие", "крепких"]·ES["las-robustas", "y-las-robustas"]·SW["na-yenye-nguvu", "yenye-nguvu"]·TR["-güçlü", "ve-güçlüler"]·urd["اور-مضبوط", "مضبوط"]
6. sense 6 — A single occurrence in Nehemiah 4:6 [Hebrew 3:38] where the wall 'was joined together' (wattiqasher) to half its height — describing structural connection of wall sections being bound or linked into a continuous whole. Spanish se unio ('was joined') and English 'was joined' indicate a constructional rather than conspiratorial binding. This extends the physical tying sense (sense 2) into architectural joining, where disparate sections of the wall were 'bound together' as the rebuilding progressed under Nehemiah's leadership. 1×
AR["وَ-ارْتَبَطَ"]·ben["আর-যুক্ত-হল"]·DE["[ותקשר]"]·EN["and-was-joined"]·FR["et-conspirer"]·heb["ו-תקשר"]·HI["और-जुड़-गई"]·ID["dan-tersambung"]·IT["e-cospirare"]·jav["lan-dipun-sambung"]·KO["그리고-연결되었다"]·PT["e-foi-unido"]·RU["и-соединилась"]·ES["y-se-unió"]·SW["na-ukaungana"]·TR["ve-bağlandı"]·urd["اور-جڑ-گئی"]
Related Senses
G3588 1. definite article (18298×)H0853 1. definite direct object marker (10915×)G2532 1. (8312×)H3068 1. YHWH (the divine name) (6522×)G0846 1. third-person pronoun reference (5552×)H0834a 1. relative pronoun (who/which/that) (4839×)H3808 1. simple negation (not) (4839×)H???? 1. (4670×)H3588a 1. causal: because, for (3498×)G1161 1. and (2806×)H3478 1. Israel (proper name and nation) (2507×)G1722 1. locative: in, within (2442×)H6213a 1. do, perform, act (2383×)H1004b 1. house, dwelling, building (2015×)G4771 1. you (plural address) (1853×)G3756 1. not (negation particle) (1635×)H1931 1. personal pronoun he/she/it (1431×)H4480a 1. source or separation (1198×)G3739 1. relative pronoun who/which/that (1149×)H5892b 1. city, town (1093×)
BDB / Lexicon Reference
† קָשַׁר vb. bind, league together, conspire (NH id., bind, join, קֶשֶׁר knot; 𝔗 קְטַר, Syriac ܩܛܰܪ bind (ט for ת after ק) NöZMG xl.735, who cp. also (‘perhaps’) Arabic قَسَرَ force to do a thing, Ethiopic ቈጸረ: bind);— Qal Pf. 3 ms. קָשַׁר Am 7:10; 1 K 16:16; 2 ms. sf. וּקְשַׁרְתָּם consec. Dt 6:8, etc.; Impf. 3 ms. וַיִּקְשֹׁר 1 K 15:27 +, וַיִּקְשָׁר־ 2 K 15:30, etc.; Imv. ms. sf. קָשְׁרֵם Pr…