H3582 H3582
To hide, conceal, or deny knowledge of (Piel); to be hidden or effaced (Nifal); to annihilate or cut off (Hifil).
Kachad is a verb whose semantic range stretches from deliberate concealment of information to utter destruction — and the Hebrew stem system is the key to navigating it. In the Piel, it means to actively hide or withhold truth from someone, as when Eli adjures young Samuel not to conceal what God has spoken (1 Sam 3:17). In the Nifal passive, it can mean either 'be hidden from' (as nothing is hidden from God in Ps 139:15) or 'be effaced, destroyed' — ruined cities that have 'perished' (Job 15:28). The Hifil pushes further into causative destruction: God annihilates nations (Exod 23:23) and cuts off sinful dynasties (1 Kgs 13:34). The Aramaic cognate emphasizes the 'effacement' side, while the Ethiopic cognate khda moved all the way to 'deny, apostatize' — a fascinating trajectory from hiding truth to renouncing it entirely.
Senses
1. conceal or hide (Piel) — Active concealment of information or truth in the Piel stem — the largest cluster at 15 occurrences. Someone deliberately withholds or suppresses knowledge from another person. The classic passage is Eli's solemn charge to Samuel: 'Do not hide it from me' (1 Sam 3:17-18), repeated with emphatic doubling. Spanish esconder and English 'conceal' both capture the intentional withholding, while the construction with min ('from') marks the person being kept in the dark. Found also in Gen 47:18 (nothing hidden from Pharaoh), Josh 7:19 (Achan urged to stop hiding his sin), and 2 Sam 14:18 (the king commanding full disclosure). 15×
AR["أَخْفَوْا", "أَخْفَى", "أَكْتُمْ", "أُخفِي", "تَكْتُمْ", "تُخفي", "تُخفِ", "تُخْفُوا", "تُخْفِ", "تُخْفِينَ", "كَتَمْتُ", "نَكْتُمُ", "نُخْفِي", "يُخفُونَهَا"]·ben["আমরা-লুকাব", "আমি-লুকাব", "আমি-লুকিয়েছি", "গোপন-করেছি", "তারা-লুকিয়েছে", "লুকাও", "লুকায়", "লুকালেন", "লুকিও", "লুকিয়ে-রাখো"]·DE["[אכחד]", "[כחדו]", "[כחדתי]", "[תכחד]", "[תכחדו]", "conceal", "du-verberge", "er-verbarg", "ich-haben-concealed", "verberge", "verbergen", "wir-wird-verbergen", "wollen-wir-verbergen"]·EN["I-have-concealed", "I-have-hidden", "I-will-conceal", "conceal", "he-hid", "hide", "they-hid", "they-hide", "we-will-hide", "you-hide"]·FR["[כחדו]", "[תכחד]", "[תכחדו]", "cache", "cacher", "comme-cacher", "conceal", "il-cacha", "tu-cache"]·heb["אכחד", "כיחד", "כיחדו", "כיחדתי", "נכחד", "תכחד", "תכחדו", "תכחדי"]·HI["उन्होंने-छिपाया", "छिपा", "छिपाए", "छिपाएँगे", "छिपाओ", "छिपाया", "छिपाया-मैंने", "छुपाएँगे-हम", "मैं-छिपाऊँगा", "मैंने-छिपाया"]·ID["aku-menyembunyikan", "aku-sembunyikan", "engkau-menyembunyikan", "kami-sembunyikan", "menyembunyikan", "mereka-sembunyikan"]·IT["I-have-hidden", "I-will-conceal", "[כחדו]", "[תכחד]", "[תכחדו]", "conceal", "egli-nascose", "nascondere", "nascondi", "nascose", "they-hid", "tu-nascondi"]·jav["badhe-kula-singidaken", "kawula-ndhelikaken", "kawula-sedaya-badhé-nyingidaken", "kula-badhe-ndhelikaken", "kula-singitaken", "ndhelikaken", "nyidhem", "panjenengan-nyidhem", "piyambakipun-ndhelikaken", "sami-ndhelikaken"]·KO["감추지-않으리라", "내가-숨기지-않았다", "숨겼다", "숨겼도다", "숨기니", "숨기라", "숨기리이다", "숨기면", "숨기지", "숨기지-않았나니", "우리가-숨기지-말리라"]·PT["escondais", "escondas", "esconderam", "esconderei.", "esconderemos", "esconderes", "escondeu", "escondi", "ocultes"]·RU["скроем", "скроешь", "скрою", "скрывай", "скрывайте", "скрывал-я", "скрывали", "скрывают", "скрыл", "утаил-я", "утаим"]·ES["escondas", "esconderemos", "escondo", "he-ocultado", "lo-ocultan", "ocultaremos", "ocultaron", "ocultaré", "ocultas", "oculten", "ocultes", "ocultó"]·SW["akamchagua", "ficha", "fiche", "hawakuficha", "kufisha", "kunificha", "kuuficha", "sijayaficha", "sitaficha", "utaficha", "yaficha"]·TR["gizle", "gizledi", "gizlediler", "gizledim", "gizleme", "gizlemeyin", "gizlerim", "gizleriz", "gizlersen", "gizleyeceğiz", "sakladilar", "saklama"]·urd["وہ-چھپاتے", "چھپا", "چھپاؤ", "چھپاؤں گا", "چھپائی-میں-نے", "چھپائیں-گے", "چھپائے-گا", "چھپانا", "چھپایا", "چھپایا-ہے-میں-نے"]
Gen 47:18, Josh 7:19, 1 Sam 3:17, 1 Sam 3:17, 1 Sam 3:18, 2 Sam 14:18, Job 6:10, Job 15:18, Job 27:11, Ps 40:10, Ps 78:4, Isa 3:9 (+3 more)
2. be cut off or perish (Nifal) — Being cut off, destroyed, or perishing — the Nifal stem in its destructive sense, appearing 7 times. Here the passive of kachad does not mean 'be hidden' but rather 'be effaced from existence.' Job 4:7 asks 'where were the upright cut off?'; Job 15:28 speaks of cities that are nikhadot — 'going to ruin,' literally 'being effaced.' The Spanish destruidas ('destroyed') and the passage's parallelism with abad ('perish') confirm this is genuine destruction, not concealment. Exod 9:15 threatens that Egypt would have been 'cut off from the earth,' using min ha'arets to mark total elimination. 7×
AR["الْهَالِكَاتِ", "انْقَرَضوا", "انْقَطَعَ", "تَهْلِكُ", "فَتَنْقَرِضُ", "مُدَمَّرَةً", "وَ-الْهَالِكَةُ"]·ben["এবং-নির্মূল-হতে", "এবং-যে-বিনষ্ট-হচ্ছে", "ধ্বংসপ্রাপ্ত", "নিশ্চিহ্ন-হয়েছে", "বিনষ্ট-হোক", "বিনষ্টদের", "লুকিয়ে-গেছে"]·DE["[הנכחדות]", "[והנכחדת]", "[נכחד]", "[נכחדו]", "[נכחדות]", "[תכחד]", "und-du-wuerde-haben-gewesen-schneiden-weg"]·EN["and-the-one-being-cut-off", "and-you-would-have-been-cut-off", "cut-off", "is-cut-off", "let-be-cut-off", "not", "were-cut-off"]·FR["cacher", "et-cacher", "et-tu-aurait-avoir-été-couper-dehors"]·heb["ה-נכחדות", "ו-ה-נכחדת", "ו-תיכחד", "נכחד", "נכחדו", "נכחדות", "תיכחד"]·HI["उजड़ों", "और-जो-काटी-जाती-है", "और-तू-मिट-जाता", "काट-दिया-गया", "जो-काटी-जाती-हैं", "मिटाए-गए", "वह-काटी-जाए"]·ID["biarlah-hilang", "dan-engkau-dimusnahkan", "dan-yang-hilang", "dilenyapkan", "dimusnahkan", "yang-dihancurkan", "yang-hilang"]·IT["[הנכחדות]", "[והנכחדת]", "[תכחד]", "cut-off", "e-tu-would-avere-stato-cut-off", "erano-cut-off", "è-cut-off"]·jav["dipun-icalaken", "dipun-sirnakaken", "dipunsirnakaken", "ingkang-dipun-icalaken", "ingkang-dipun-sirnakaken", "lan-ingkang-dipun-icalaken", "lan-sami-sirna"]·KO["그리고-니가-지워졌을-것이다", "그리고-제거되는-자는", "끊겨졌느냐", "끊어졌는가", "멸망한", "제거되는-자들을", "제거되라"]·PT["as-que-são-eliminadas", "destruídas", "e-a-que-é-eliminada", "e-serias-cortado", "foi-cortado", "foram-cortados", "será-eliminada"]·RU["-истребляемых", "были-истреблены", "и-истреблен-был-бы-ты", "и-истребляемая", "истреблено", "пусть-будет-истреблена", "разрушенных"]·ES["destruidas", "fue-destruida", "fueron-cortados", "las-que-se-pierden", "que-se-pierda", "y-habrías-sido-destruido", "y-la-que-se-pierde"]·SW["aangamie", "iliyoangamizwa", "na-anayeangamia", "na-ungeangamizwa", "wamekatiliwa-mbali", "wanaopotea"]·TR["kesildi", "ve-silinecektin", "ve-yok-olan", "yok-olanları", "yok-olsun", "yıkılmış"]·urd["اجڑے", "اور-جو-کٹا-جانے-والا-ہے", "اور-مٹ-جاتے-تو", "مٹ-گئے", "کاٹے گئے", "کاٹے-گئے-کو", "کٹ-جائے"]
3. annihilate or destroy (Hifil) — Causative annihilation or destruction in the Hifil stem — 5 occurrences of the most violent sense. God promises to 'cut off' the nations before Israel (Exod 23:23), and this is the stem used for the annihilation of Jeroboam's house (1 Kgs 13:34). In Ps 83:4 the enemies plot to 'annihilate' Israel as a nation, and in Zech 11:8 the shepherd 'cut off' three shepherds in one month. The Spanish destruir and German annihilieren both reach for total-destruction vocabulary, matching the Hifil's causative intensification beyond the Nifal passive of sense 2. 5×
AR["فَ-أُبيدُهُ", "نُبِيدُهُمْ", "وَ-أَبَدْتُ", "وَ-أَهْلَكَ", "وَ-لِيُفْنِيَ"]·ben["এবং-আমরা-তাদেরকে-বিলুপ্ত-করব", "এবং-আমি-বিনষ্ট-করলাম", "এবং-নির্মূল-করব-তাদের।", "এবং-নিশ্চিহ্ন-করতে", "ও-ধ্বংস-করলেন"]·DE["[ואכחד]", "[ויכחד]", "und-ich-wird-annihilate-ihn", "und-lass-uns-wipe-ihnen-heraus", "und-zu-schnitt-ab"]·EN["and-I-annihilated", "and-I-will-annihilate-him", "and-he-cut-off", "and-let-us-wipe-them-out", "and-to-cut-off"]·FR["[ויכחד]", "et-Je---anéantir-lui", "et-cacher", "et-à-coupa-au-loin"]·heb["ו-אכחד", "ו-הכחדתיו", "ו-יכחד", "ו-ל-הכחיד", "ו-נכחידם"]·HI["और-नाश-करूँगा-उसे", "और-नाश-किया", "और-मिटाने-को", "और-मैंने-काट-डाला", "और-हम-नाश-करें-उन्हें"]·ID["dan-Aku memusnahkannya", "dan-Aku-melenyapkan", "dan-kita-musnahkan-mereka", "dan-memusnahkan", "dan-untuk-memusnahkan"]·IT["[ואכחד]", "[ויכחד]", "e-a-tagliò-via", "e-io-will-annihilate-lui", "e-nascose"]·jav["lan-kangge-numpes", "lan-kita-musnahaken", "lan-ngicalaken-kula", "lan-nyirnakaken", "sarta-Kawula-badhé-numpes-piyambakipun."]·KO["그리고-그가-멸망시켰다", "그리고-내가-그들을-끊으리라", "그리고-내가-제거하였다", "그리고-멸하기-위해", "멸하자-그들-을"]·PT["E-eliminei", "e-destruamo-los", "e-destruiu", "e-exterminá-lo-ei", "e-para-destruir"]·RU["и-истребил", "и-истребил-я", "и-истребим-их", "и-истреблю-его", "и-чтобы-уничтожить"]·ES["Y-destruí", "y-destruyámoslos", "y-destruyó", "y-lo-destruiré", "y-para-destruir"]·SW["na-kukatilia-mbali", "na-nikawaangamiza", "na-nitawaangamiza", "na-tuwaangamize", "wayaּkched"]·TR["ve-yok-edeceğim-onu", "ve-yok-edelim", "ve-yok-etmek-için", "ve-yok-etti", "ve-yok-ettim"]·urd["اور-مٹا-دوں-گا-انہیں", "اور-مٹا-دیں-اُنہیں", "اور-مٹانے-کو", "اور-میں-نے-کاٹ-دیا", "اور-نابود-کیا"]
4. be hidden (Nifal passive) — Being hidden or concealed from sight or knowledge — the Nifal in its passive-of-concealment sense, appearing 4 times. This is the true passive counterpart to the Piel of sense 1: what the Piel actively hides, the Nifal describes as being in a state of hiddenness. In 2 Sam 18:13, no matter can be 'hidden' from the king; in Ps 139:15 the psalmist's frame was not 'hidden' from God when formed in the secret place. Hos 5:3 declares that Ephraim is not 'hidden' from God. Spanish oculto and German verborgen both select stative concealment vocabulary, distinct from the destruction terms used for sense 2. 4×
AR["تُخْفَ", "مَخفيٌّ", "يَخْفَ", "يُخْفى"]·ben["গোপন", "লুকানো-ছিল", "লুকানো-যায়", "লুকানো।"]·DE["Krieg-verborgen", "[נכחד]", "ist-verborgen"]·EN["hidden", "is-hidden", "was-hidden"]·FR["cacher", "est-caché"]·heb["ייכחד", "נכחד", "נכחדו"]·HI["छिपती", "छिपा-हुआ", "छिपी-थी"]·ID["tersembunyi"]·IT["[נכחד]", "nascose", "è-nascosto"]·jav["dipun-umpetaken", "dipunsingidaken", "sinidhem"]·KO["숨겨졌나이다", "숨겨졌느니라", "숨겨졌도다", "숨겨지지-않는다"]·PT["escondido", "estão-ocultas", "se-esconde", "se-ocultaram"]·RU["скроется", "сокрыт", "сокрыты"]·ES["está-oculto", "están-ocultas", "fue-oculto", "se-oculta"]·SW["fichwa", "hafichiki", "hazikufichika", "linafichwa"]·TR["gizlenir", "gizli", "gizliydi"]·urd["چھپا-ہے", "چھپائی-جاتی", "چھپی-تھی", "چھپے-ہوئے"]
5. sense 5 — A single Hifil occurrence at Job 20:12 where the wicked person 'hides' evil under his tongue — concealing it as something savored rather than as information withheld. The English 'he hides it' and Spanish 'lo esconde' treat it as straightforward concealment, but the Hifil stem and the gustatory metaphor (evil is sweet in the mouth, hidden under the tongue) give it a distinctive coloring: this is not suppressing truth from another person (sense 1) but treasuring wickedness in secret, keeping it close for private enjoyment. 1×
AR["يُخْفِيهَا"]·ben["সে-লুকিয়ে-রাখবে-তাকে"]·DE["[יכחידנה]"]·EN["he-hides-it"]·FR["cacher"]·heb["יכחידנה"]·HI["वह-उसे-छिपाएगा"]·ID["ia-menyembunyikannya"]·IT["egli-hides-esso"]·jav["piyambakipun-nyimpen"]·KO["감추면"]·PT["o-esconde"]·RU["скрывает-её"]·ES["lo-esconde"]·SW["anaificha"]·TR["gizler-onu"]·urd["وہ چھپائے-اُسے"]
Related Senses
H3045 1. Qal: to know, perceive, understand (829×)H5315 1. soul, inner being (647×)H3820a 1. heart, inner self (mind/will/emotion) (572×)H4421 1. war, battle, armed conflict (319×)H4672 1. Qal: find, discover (289×)G1492 1. know facts or truths (285×)H0341 1. enemy, adversary, foe (284×)H3824 1. heart, inner self (mind/will/emotion) (250×)H1245 1. seek, search for (200×)G1097 1. know, be acquainted with (196×)H2142 1. Qal: remember, recall (173×)H3898a 1. Nifal: to fight, wage war (167×)G2588 1. heart (inner self, mind, will) (158×)H2026 1. kill, slay (active) (146×)H2451 1. wisdom, discernment (146×)H0977 1. choose, select (Qal active) (145×)G2147 1. find, discover (144×)H5483b 1. horse (the animal) (138×)H0006 1. to perish, be destroyed (105×)G5590 1. soul, inner self (100×)
BDB / Lexicon Reference
† [כָּחַד] vb. not in Qal; Pi. Hiph. hide, efface; Niph. (usually) pass. (Aramaic אתכחדו be effaced †Jb 4:7; ܟܚܶܕ is revere, Pt. venerable, Pa. put to shame, Ethpa. be ashamed; Ethiopic ክሕደ deny, apostatize)— Niph. Pf. 3 ms. נִכְחַד Ho 5:3 + 2 times; 3 pl. נִכְחָ֑דוּ Jb 4:7 ψ 69:6; Impf. 3 ms. יִכָּחֵד 2 S 18:13, etc.; Pt. נִכְחֶדֶת Zc 11:9; pl. נִכְחָדוֹת Zc 11:16 Jb 15:28;— 1. be hidden, sq.…